Aleppo, the Glossary
- ️Sat Apr 19 2008
Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.[1]
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587 relations: Abed Azrie, Abraham, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, Acacius of Beroea, Achaemenid Empire, Acropolis, Adib Shishakli, Afrin, Syria, Aga Khan Foundation, Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme, Agatha Christie, Ain Dara (archaeological site), Aintab plateau, Al-Adiliyah Mosque, Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs, Al-Farabi, Al-Firdaws Madrasa, Al-Halawiyah Madrasa, Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex, Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena, Al-Herafyeen SC, Al-Hurriya SC, Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo, Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo (men's basketball), Al-Jdayde, Al-Madina Souq, Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa, Al-Mutanabbi, Al-Nuqtah Mosque, Al-Otrush Mosque, Al-Qaiqan Mosque, Al-Saffahiyah Mosque, Al-Sahibiyah Mosque, Al-Shahba University, Al-Shibani Church, Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque, Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa, Al-Tawashi Mosque, Al-Walid I, Al-Yarmouk SC (Syria), Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa, ALA-LC romanization, Alalakh, Alawite State, Alawites, Albanians, Aleppo Artillery School massacre, Aleppo Citadel Museum, Aleppo Codex, Aleppo Eyalet, ... Expand index (537 more) »
- 5th-century BC establishments
- Amorite cities
- Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
- Populated places in Mount Simeon District
- World Heritage Sites in Syria
Abed Azrie
Abed Azrie or Abed Azrié (عابد عازرية; born 1945 in Aleppo) is a French-Syrian singer and composer, who performs Classical music in a variety of languages, including Arabic, English, French, German, Spanish, and other.
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح.; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda (أبو عبيدة) was a Muslim commander and one of the Companions of the Prophet.
See Aleppo and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
Acacius of Beroea
Acacius of Beroea, a Syrian, lived in a monastery near Antioch, and, for his active defense of the Church against Arianism, was made Bishop of Berroea in 378 AD, by Eusebius of Samosata.
See Aleppo and Acacius of Beroea
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Aleppo and Achaemenid Empire
Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense.
Adib Shishakli
Adib al-Shishakli (1909 – 27 September 1964 ʾAdīb aš-Šīšaklī) was a Syrian military officer who served as President of Syria briefly in 1951 and later from 1953 to 1954.
Afrin, Syria
Afrin (translit; Efrîn) is a city in northern Syria. Aleppo and Afrin, Syria are cities in Syria.
Aga Khan Foundation
The Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) is a private, not-for-profit international development agency, which was founded in 1967 by Shah Karim Al Hussaini, Aga Khan IV, the 49th Hereditary Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims.
See Aleppo and Aga Khan Foundation
Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme
The Historic Cities Programme (HCP) of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) promotes the conservation and re-use of buildings and public spaces in historic cities of the Muslim world.
See Aleppo and Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme
Agatha Christie
Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.
See Aleppo and Agatha Christie
Ain Dara (archaeological site)
The Ain Dara temple is a destroyed Iron Age Syro-Hittite temple noted for its similarities to Solomon's Temple, also known as the "First Temple in Jerusalem", as described in the Hebrew Bible.
See Aleppo and Ain Dara (archaeological site)
Aintab plateau
Aintab plateau or Gaziantep plateau (هضبة عنتاب Levantine pronunciation) is the westernmost part of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region.
Al-Adiliyah Mosque
Al-Adiliyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-ʿAdilīyah, Adliye Camii) or Dukaginzâde Mehmed Pasha mosque was a külliye in Aleppo, located to the southwest of the Citadel, in "Al-Jalloum" district of the ancient city, few meters away from Al-Saffahiyah mosque.
See Aleppo and Al-Adiliyah Mosque
Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs
Al-Ashraf Musa (1229–1263), fully Al-Ashraf Musa ibn al-Mansur Ibrahim ibn Shirkuh (الأشرف موسى بن المنصور ابراهيمبن شيركوه), was the last Ayyubid Kurdish prince (emir) of Homs, a city located in the central region of modern-day Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs
Al-Farabi
Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad al-Fārābī; — 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.
Al-Firdaws Madrasa
Al-Firdaws Madrasa, also known as School of Paradise, is a 13th-century complex located southwest of Bab al-Maqam in Aleppo, Syria and consists of a madrasa, mausoleum and other functional spaces.
See Aleppo and Al-Firdaws Madrasa
Al-Halawiyah Madrasa
Al-Halawiyah Madrasa is a madrasah complex located in al-Jalloum district of the Ancient city of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Halawiyah Madrasa
Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex (مجمع الحمدانية الأولمبي للسباحة والغطس) is a water sports centre in Aleppo, Syria, featuring an outdoor Olympic size swimming and diving pools with a seating capacity of 1,340 spectators.
See Aleppo and Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena (صالة الحمدانية الرياضية) is an indoor sports hall in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
Al-Herafyeen SC
Al-Herafyeen Sports Club is a Syrian professional football club based in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Al-Herafyeen SC
Al-Hurriya SC
Al-Hurriya Sports Club is a Syrian professional football club based in Aleppo.
Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo
Al-Ittihad Ahli of Aleppo Sports Club (نادي الاتحاد أهلي حلب الرياضي) is a professional multi-sports club based in the Syrian city of Aleppo, mostly known for its football team which competes in the Syrian Premier League, the top league of Syrian football.
See Aleppo and Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo
Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo (men's basketball)
Al-Ittihad Ahli of Aleppo (الاتحاد أهلي حلب) is a major professional basketball club.
See Aleppo and Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo (men's basketball)
Al-Jdayde
Al-Jdayde (جديدة, also transliterated as al-Jdeideh, al-Judayda, al-Jdeïdé or al-Jadida) is a historic predominantly Christian neighbourhood of Aleppo.
Al-Madina Souq
Al-Madina Souq (Sūq al-Madīna) is the covered souq-market located at the heart of the Syrian city of Aleppo within the walled ancient part of the city.
Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa
Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa is a madrasah complex in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa
Al-Mutanabbi
Abū al-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Mutanabbī al-Kindī (أبو الطيب أحمد بن الحسين المتنبّي الكندي; – 23 September 965 AD) from Kufa, Abbasid Caliphate, was a famous Abbasid-era Arabian poet at the court of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla in Aleppo, and for whom he composed 300 folios of poetry.
Al-Nuqtah Mosque
The Masjid al-Nuqtah (lit is a mosque located on Mount Jawshan in Aleppo, Syria. The main feature of the mosque is a stone believed to be stained with the blood of Husayn ibn ‘Alī by Muslims. Also located near this mosque on Mount Jawshan, is a mashad (shrine) known as Mashad al-Siqt (lit). As the prisoners of Karbalā were passing through Aleppo, one of wives of Husayn had a miscarriage.
See Aleppo and Al-Nuqtah Mosque
Al-Otrush Mosque
Al-Otrush Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-ʾUṭrūš) also known as Demirdash Mosque, is a mosque in the Syrian city of Aleppo, located at the south of the Citadel, in "al-A'jam" district of the Ancient City, few meters away from Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa.
See Aleppo and Al-Otrush Mosque
Al-Qaiqan Mosque
Al-Qaiqan Mosque (lit) is one of the oldest surviving mosques in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Qaiqan Mosque
Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
The Al-Saffahiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ as-Saffāḥīyah) is a mosque in Aleppo, located to the south-west of the Citadel, at "Al-Jalloum" district of the ancient city, to the east of Al-Shibani Church-School.
See Aleppo and Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
Al-Sahibiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ aṣ-Ṣāhibīyah) also known as Fustoq mosque ('جَامِع فُسْتُق' or 'جَامِع فُسْتَق', 'Jāmiʿ Fustaq' or 'Jāmiʿ Fustuq'), is a 14th-century mosque in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
Al-Shahba University
Al-Shahba University (SU) (جامعة الشهباء), is a private university in Syria, established in 2005.
See Aleppo and Al-Shahba University
Al-Shibani Church
Al-Shibani Church (Kanīsa aš-Šībānī), also known as al-Shibani School (Madrasa aš-Šībānī), is a 12th-century religious and cultural centre located in al-Jalloum district of the Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Shibani Church
Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ aš-Šuʿaybīyah) also known as al-Omari (al-Jāmiʿ al-ʿUmarī), al-Tuteh (Jāmiʿ at-Tūtah) and al-Atras mosque (Jāmiʿ al-ʾAtrās), is the oldest mosque in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa
Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa, is a madrasah complex located across from the Citadel entrance in the Ancient city of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa
Al-Tawashi Mosque
Al-Tawashi Mosque (Jāmiʿ aṭ-Ṭawāšī), is one of the historical mosques in Aleppo, Syria, dating back to the Mamluk period.
See Aleppo and Al-Tawashi Mosque
Al-Walid I
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; – 23 February 715), commonly known as al-Walid I (الوليد الأول), was the sixth Umayyad caliph, ruling from October 705 until his death in 715.
Al-Yarmouk SC (Syria)
Al-Yarmouk Sports Club is a Syrian sports club based in Aleppo, best known for their football.
See Aleppo and Al-Yarmouk SC (Syria)
Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa
Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa is a 13th-century madrasah complex in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa
ALA-LC romanization
ALA-LC (American Library AssociationLibrary of Congress) is a set of standards for romanization, the representation of text in other writing systems using the Latin script.
See Aleppo and ALA-LC romanization
Alalakh
Alalakh (Tell Atchana; Hittite: Alalaḫ) is an ancient archaeological site approximately northeast of Antakya (historic Antioch) in what is now Turkey's Hatay Province.
Alawite State
The Alawite State (دولة جبل العلويين,; État des Alaouites), initially named the Territory of the Alawites (territoire des Alaouites), after the locally-dominant Alawites from its inception until its integration to the Syrian Federation in 1922, was a French mandate territory on the coast of present-day Syria after World War I., From The French Mandate from the League of Nations lasted from 1920 to 1946.
Alawites
The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.
Albanians
The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Aleppo Artillery School massacre
The Aleppo Artillery School massacre was a sectarian massacre of Syrian Army cadets on 16 June 1979.
See Aleppo and Aleppo Artillery School massacre
Aleppo Citadel Museum
The Aleppo Citadel Museum (Matḥaf Qalʿat Ḥalab) is an archaeological museum located in the city of Aleppo, Syria, within the historic Citadel of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Aleppo Citadel Museum
Aleppo Codex
The Aleppo Codex (כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא, romanized:, lit. 'Crown of Aleppo') is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible.
Aleppo Eyalet
Aleppo Eyalet (إيالة حلب; Eyālet-i Ḥaleb) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (محافظة حلب / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab /) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria.
See Aleppo and Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo International Airport
Aleppo International Airport (مطار حلب الدولي) is an international airport serving Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Aleppo International Airport
Aleppo International Stadium
The Aleppo International Stadium (ملعب حلب الدولي) is an Olympic-standard, multi-use, all-covered and all-seater stadium in the Syrian city of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Aleppo International Stadium
Aleppo plateau
The Aleppo plateau (هضبة حلب) is a low, gently undulating plateau of northern Syria.
Aleppo Public Park
Aleppo Public Park (Arabic: الحديقة العامة بحلب) is a 17 hectare urban park located in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Aleppo Public Park
Aleppo Room
The Aleppo Room (Arabic: الغرفة الحلبيَّة, Al-Ġurfah Al-Ḥalabiyyah) is the paneling of a reception room, or qa’a, from a residential building in Aleppo, Syria. The wooden panels form part of the collections of the Museum of Islamic Art section of the Pergamon Museum, on Berlin's Museum Island.
Aleppo soap
Aleppo soap (also known as savon d'Alep, laurel soap, Syrian soap, or ghar soap, the Arabic word, meaning 'laurel') is a handmade, hard bar soap associated with the city of Aleppo, Syria.
Alexander Russell (naturalist)
Alexander Russell (c. 1715 – 25 November 1768) was a Scottish physician and naturalist, spending 14 years at the English factory in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Alexander Russell (naturalist)
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Aleppo and Alexander the Great
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Aleppo and Allies of World War I
Altun Bogha Mosque
Altun Bogha Mosque (Jāmiʿ ʾAltūnbūḡā) is one of the oldest mosques in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Altun Bogha Mosque
American Center of Research
The American Center of Research (ACOR) is a private, not-for-profit scholarly and educational organization.
See Aleppo and American Center of Research
Amik Valley
The Amik Valley (Amik Ovası; al-ʾAʿmāq) is a plain in Hatay Province, southern Turkey.
Amin al-Hafiz
Amin al-Hafiz (Amīn al-Ḥāfiẓ 12 November 1921 – 17 December 2009), also known as Amin Hafez, was a Syrian general, politician, and member of the Ba'ath Party who served as the President of Syria from 27 July 1963 to 23 February 1966.
Amorite language
Amorite is an extinct early Semitic language, formerly spoken during the Bronze Age by the Amorite tribes prominent in ancient Near Eastern history.
See Aleppo and Amorite language
Amorites
The Amorites (author-link, Pl. XXVIII e+i|MAR.TU; Amurrūm or Tidnum Tidnum; ʾĔmōrī; Ἀμορραῖοι) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people from the Levant.
An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf (الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (الملك الناصر صلاح الدين يوسف بن الظاهر بن العزيز بن صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب بن شاذى), was the Ayyubid Kurdish Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236–1260), and the Sultan of the Ayyubid Empire from 1250 until the sack of Aleppo by the Mongols in 1260.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
Ancient Aleppo
The Ancient City of Aleppo (Madīnat Ḥalab al-Qadīma) is the historic city centre of Aleppo, Syria. Aleppo and Ancient Aleppo are Amorite cities and world Heritage Sites in Syria.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
André Gutton
André Gutton (8 January 1904 – 10 November 2002) was a French architect.
Ankara
Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2).
Anno Domini
The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
Antakya
Antakya (Local Turkish: Anteke), modern form of Antioch (Antiókheia; Andiok; Antiochia), is a municipality and the capital district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Aleppo and Antakya are populated places along the Silk Road.
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya. Aleppo and Antioch are populated places along the Silk Road.
Aq Sunqur al-Hajib
Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib (full name: Qasim ad-Dawla Aksungur al-Hajib) was the Seljuk governor of Aleppo under Sultan Malik Shah I. He was beheaded in 1094 following accusations of treason by Tutush I, the ruler of Damascus.
See Aleppo and Aq Sunqur al-Hajib
Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi
Qasīm al-Dawla Sayf al-Dīn Abū Saʿīd Āqsunqur al-Bursuqī (قسیمالدوله سیف الدین ابو سعید آقسنقر البرسقی), also known as Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, Aqsonqor il-Bursuqi, Aksunkur al-Bursuki, Aksungur or al-Borsoki, was the Seljuk Turkoman atabeg of Mosul from 1113–1114 and again from 1124–1126.
See Aleppo and Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabic maqam
In traditional Arabic music, maqam (maqām, literally "ascent"; مقامات) is the system of melodic modes, which is mainly melodic.
Arak (drink)
Arak or araq (ﻋﺮﻕ), is a distilled Levantine spirit of the anise drinks family.
Aram (region)
Aram (ʾĀrām; ʾĂrām; ܐܪܡ) was a historical region mentioned in early cuneiforms and in the Bible, populated by Arameans.
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Arameans
The Arameans, or Aramaeans (𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀,,; אֲרַמִּים; Ἀραμαῖοι; ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ), were a tribal Semitic people in the ancient Near East, first documented in historical sources from the late 12th century BC.
ArchNet
Archnet is a collaborative digital humanities project focused on Islamic architecture and the built environment of Muslim societies.
Armanum
Armanum, was a city-state in the ancient Near East whose location is still unknown.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Aleppo and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
See Aleppo and Armenian genocide
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: Կիլիկիոյ Հայոց Թագաւորութիւն), also known as Cilician Armenia (Կիլիկեան Հայաստան,, Հայկական Կիլիկիա), Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia (Կիլիկիայի հայկական իշխանութիւն), was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia.
See Aleppo and Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.
See Aleppo and Armenian language
Armenian merchantry
From antiquity, Armenian merchants have played a pivotal role in transcontinental trade across Eurasia.
See Aleppo and Armenian merchantry
The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Armenia, or simply Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Soviet Armenia bordered the Soviet Republics of Azerbaijan and Georgia and the independent states of Iran and Turkey.
See Aleppo and Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
Armenians
Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
Armenians in Syria
The Armenians in Syria are Syrian citizens of either full or partial Armenian descent.
See Aleppo and Armenians in Syria
Armi (Syria)
Armi, was an important Bronze Age city-kingdom during the late third millennium BC located in northern Syria, or in southern Anatolia, Turkey, at the region of Cilicia.
Arpad, Syria
Arpad (ʾrpd; ʾArpaḏ or label; modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo.
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Aleppo and Association football
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Assyrian people
Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.
See Aleppo and Assyrian people
Assyrians in Syria
Assyrians in Syria (ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ, الآشوريون في سوريا) also known as Syriacs are an ethnic and linguistic minority that are indigenous to Upper Mesopotamia, the north-eastern half of Syria.
See Aleppo and Assyrians in Syria
Ayyubid dynasty
The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
See Aleppo and Ayyubid dynasty
Az-Zahir Ghazi
Al-Malik az-Zahir Ghiyath ud-din Ghazi ibn Yusuf ibn Ayyub (commonly known as az-Zahir Ghazi; 1172 – 8 October 1216) was the Kurdish Ayyubid emir of Aleppo between 1186 and 1216.
Azaz
Azaz (ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly north-northwest of Aleppo. Aleppo and Azaz are cities in Syria.
See Aleppo and Azaz
İskenderun
İskenderun (إسكندرونة), historically known as Alexandretta (Αλεξανδρέττα) and Scanderoon, is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Aleppo and İskenderun are Levant.
Šuppiluliuma I
Šuppiluliuma I, also Suppiluliuma or Suppiluliumas was an ancient Hittite king (r. –1322 BC).
Ba'athism
Ba'athism, also spelled Baathism, is an Arab nationalist ideology which promotes the creation and development of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a socialist revolutionary government.
Bab al-Ahmar
Bab al-Ahmar (Bāb al-ʾAḥmar) meaning the Red Gate, was one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria.
Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo)
Bab al-Faraj (Bāb al-Faraj or Bāb al-Faraǧ), meaning the Gate of Deliverance or Bab al-Faradis was one of the 9 main gates of the ancient city walls of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo)
Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower (برج ساعة باب الفرج) is one of the main landmarks of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
Bab al-Hadid
Bab al-Hadid (Bāb al-Ḥadīd) meaning the Iron Gate of Victory, is one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria.
Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
The Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing (معبر باب الهوى, "Gate of the Winds Crossing") is located on the Syria–Turkey border about west of Aleppo in northwest Syria.
See Aleppo and Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
Bab al-Jinan
Bab al-Jinan (Bāb al-Jinān), meaning the Gate of Gardens, was one of the gates of Aleppo that used to lead to gardens on the banks of the Quwēq river.
Bab al-Maqam
Bab al-Maqam (Bāb al-Maqām), meaning the Gate of Maqam is one of the Gates of Aleppo.
Bab al-Nairab
Bab al-Nairab (Bāb an-Nayrab, also spelled Bab al-Nayrab) meaning the "Gate of al-Nayrab", was one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo in northern Syria, but has since disappeared.
Bab al-Nasr (Aleppo)
Bab al-Nasr (Bāb an-Naṣr) meaning the Gate of Victory, is one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Bab al-Nasr (Aleppo)
Bab Antakeya
Bāb Antakiya (Bāb ʾAnṭākīyah, Aleppo Arabic:, "Gate of Antioch") is a critical defense gate in Aleppo, and protects the city from the west.
Bab Qinnasrin
Bab Qinnasrin (Bāb Qinnasrīn), meaning the Gate of Qinnasrin is one of the gates of the medieval Old City of Aleppo in northern Syria.
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Bahsita Mosque
Bahsita Mosque (Jāmiʿ Baḥsītā), also known as Sita Mosque, is one of the historical mosques in Aleppo, Syria, dating back to the Mamluk period.
Balai of Qenneshrin
Balai of Qenneshrin (ܒܠܝ ܕܩܢܫܪܝܢ) was a Syriac poet who lived in Qenneshrin (Chalcis) in the early fifth century.
See Aleppo and Balai of Qenneshrin
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Bourcq or Bourg (– 21August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death.
See Aleppo and Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Banu Kilab
The Banu Kilab (Banū Kilāb) was an Arab tribe in the western Najd (central Arabia) where they controlled the horse-breeding pastures of Dariyya from the mid-6th century until at least the mid-9th century.
Baqashot
The baqashot (or bakashot, שירת הבקשות) are a collection of supplications, songs, and prayers that have been sung by the Sephardic Syrian, Moroccan, and Turkish Jewish communities for centuries each week on Shabbat mornings from the early hours of the morning until dawn.
Barad, Syria
Barad (براد) is a mountainous village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate, located northwest of Aleppo.
Baratarna
Barattarna, Parattarna, Paršatar, or Parshatatar is the first known King of Mitanni and is considered to have reigned, as per middle chronology between c. 1510 and 1490 BC by J. A. Belmonte-Marin quoting H. Klengel.
Baron Hotel
Baron Hotel (also Baron's Hotel; Hôtel Baron or Le Baron), is the oldest hotel that currently operates in Syria.
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Aleppo and Baroque architecture
Bashar al-Assad
Bashar al-Assad (born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the current and 19th president of Syria since 17 July 2000.
See Aleppo and Bashar al-Assad
Basil of Caesarea
Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (Hágios Basíleios ho Mégas; Ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ; 330 – 1 or 2 January 378), was Bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor.
See Aleppo and Basil of Caesarea
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex (منشأة باسل الأسد للسباحة) is a swimming centre in Aleppo, Syria, featuring an indoor Olympic-size swimming pool with a seating capacity of 1,100 spectators.
See Aleppo and Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
Battle of Ain Jalut
The Battle of Ain Jalut, also spelled Ayn Jalut, was fought between the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and the Mongol Empire on 3 September 1260 (25 Ramadan 658 AH) near the spring of Ain Jalut in southeastern Galilee in the Jezreel Valley.
See Aleppo and Battle of Ain Jalut
Battle of Ain Salm
The battle of Ain Salm was a battle between the forces of Tutush, the Seljuk ruler of Syria and brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik Shah, and Suleiman ibn Qutalmish, the Seljuk ruler of Anatolia in June 1086 close to the city of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Battle of Ain Salm
Battle of Aleppo (1918)
The Battle of Aleppo was fought on 25 October 1918, when Prince Feisal's Sherifial Forces captured the city during the Pursuit to Haritan from Damascus, in the last days of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.
See Aleppo and Battle of Aleppo (1918)
Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
The Battle of Aleppo (Maʿrakat Ḥalab) was a major military confrontation in Aleppo, the largest city in Syria, between the Syrian opposition (including the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and other largely-Sunni groups, such as the Levant Front and the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front) against the Syrian government, supported by Hezbollah, Shia militias and Russia, and against the Kurdish-majority People's Protection Units (YPG).
See Aleppo and Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
Battle of Kadesh
The Battle of Kadesh took place in the 13th century BC between the Egyptian Empire led by pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire led by king Muwatalli II.
See Aleppo and Battle of Kadesh
Battle of Maysalun
The Battle of Maysalun (معركة ميسلون), also known as the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (Bataille de Khan Mayssaloun), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near Khan Maysalun in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, about west of Damascus.
See Aleppo and Battle of Maysalun
Baybars
Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري; 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz.
Bazaar
A bazaar or souk is a marketplace consisting of multiple small stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and South Asia.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
Beer in Syria
In Syria, the production and distribution of beer was controlled by the government, and most widely sold through the army's Military Social Establishment supermarket chain and through mini markets in city centres and Christian as well as Muslim areas.
Behramiyah Mosque
Behramiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ Bahramīyah) is one of the historical mosques in Aleppo, Syria, dating back to the Ottoman period.
See Aleppo and Behramiyah Mosque
Beirut
Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
Beit Achiqbash
Beit Achiqbash (Arabic: بيت أجقباش في الجديدة); (Bait Achikbache House, Bayt Ajiqbash, Maison Ajikbash) is an old Aleppine courtyard mansion built in the mid 18th Century by Qarah Ali (Karaly), a wealthy Christian merchant.
Beit Ghazaleh
Beit Ghazaleh (The Ġazaleh House; بيت غزالة) is one of the largest and better-preserved palaces from the Ottoman period in Aleppo.
Beit Junblatt
Beit Junblatt (بيت جنبلاط) is a historic mansion that resides in Aleppo, Syria, built in the 16th century by a Kurdish emir of the Janbulad family.
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.
Berlin–Baghdad railway
The Baghdad railway, also known as the Berlin–Baghdad railway (Bağdat Demiryolu, Bagdadbahn, سكة حديد بغداد, Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Bagdad), was started in 1903 to connect Berlin with the then Ottoman city of Baghdad, from where the Germans wanted to establish a port on the Persian Gulf, with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.
See Aleppo and Berlin–Baghdad railway
Bit Agusi
Bit Agusi or Bit Agushi (also written Bet Agus) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite state, established by Gusi of Yakhan at the beginning of the 9th century BC.
Bohemond VI of Antioch
Bohemond VI (–1275), also known as the Fair, was the prince of Antioch and count of Tripoli from 1251 until his death.
See Aleppo and Bohemond VI of Antioch
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци,; Bošnjak, Bošnjakinja) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (βουλή;: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city.
See Aleppo and Boule (ancient Greece)
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
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Brooklyn
Brooklyn is a borough of New York City.
Bulgarians
Bulgarians (bŭlgari) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great established a new Roman capital in Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Sasanian Empire.
See Aleppo and Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Cairo
Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Aleppo and Cambridge University Press
Cape of Good Hope
The Cape of Good Hope (Kaap die Goeie Hoop) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.
See Aleppo and Cape of Good Hope
Car bomb
A car bomb, bus bomb, van bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles.
Caravanserai
A caravanserai (or caravansary) was a roadside inn where travelers (caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey.
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders.
Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo
Saint Elijah Cathedral (كاتدرائية القدّيِس الياس), is an Eastern Catholic church in Aleppo, Syria, located in the Christian quarter of al-Jdayde.
See Aleppo and Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Aleppo and Catholic Church
CBS News
CBS News is the news division of the American television and radio broadcaster CBS.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)
The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (المكتب المركزي للإحصاء) is the statistical agency responsible for the gathering of "information relating to economic, social and general activities and conditions" in the Syrian Arab Republic.
See Aleppo and Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)
Central Synagogue of Aleppo
The Central Synagogue of Aleppo, (בית הכנסת המרכזי בחאלֶבּ, Kanīs Ḥalab al-Markazī), also known as the Great Synagogue of Aleppo, Joab's Synagogue or Al-Bandara Synagogue (كنيس البندرة), has been a Jewish place of worship since the 5th century C.E. in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Central Synagogue of Aleppo
Chaldean Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui iuris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, and is headed by the Chaldean Patriarchate.
See Aleppo and Chaldean Catholic Church
Chechens
The Chechens (Нохчий,, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus.
Cherry
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).
Chili pepper
Chili peppers, also spelled chile or chilli, are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for their pungency.
Chinese architecture
Chinese architecture is the embodiment of an architectural style that has developed over millennia in China and has influenced architecture throughout East Asia.
See Aleppo and Chinese architecture
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Christianity in Syria
Christians in Syria made up about 10% of the pre-war Syrian population.
See Aleppo and Christianity in Syria
Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
The Church of Saint Simeon Stylites (Kanīsat Mār Simʿān el-ʿAmūdī) is one of the oldest surviving church complexes, founded in the 5th century. Aleppo and church of Saint Simeon Stylites are world Heritage Sites in Syria.
See Aleppo and Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
Church of the Dormition of Our Lady (كنيسة رقاد السيدة العذراء) is a Greek Orthodox church in Jdeydeh quarter of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
Cilicia
Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.
Citadel
A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city.
Citadel of Aleppo
The Citadel of Aleppo (Qalʿat Ḥalab) is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria. Aleppo and Citadel of Aleppo are world Heritage Sites in Syria.
See Aleppo and Citadel of Aleppo
Club d'Alep
The Club d'Alep is a social club of Aleppo which was founded in 1945 and located in a former residential mansion in the city's Azizieh district.
Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and, in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group.
See Aleppo and Columbia Encyclopedia
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Aleppo and Constantinople are populated places along the Silk Road.
Constantius II
Constantius II (Flavius Julius Constantius; Kōnstántios; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361.
Contract bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck.
See Aleppo and Contract bridge
Cordoba Private University
Cordoba Private University, formerly known as Mamoun University for Science and Technology (MUST) (جامعة المأمون الخاصة للعلوموالتكنولوجيا), was established by the Republic Decree No.
See Aleppo and Cordoba Private University
Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon (Concilium Chalcedonense) was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
See Aleppo and Council of Chalcedon
Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a council of Christian bishops convened in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey) in AD 431 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II.
See Aleppo and Council of Ephesus
Council of Seleucia
The Council of Seleucia was an early Christian church synod at Seleucia Isauria (now Silifke, Turkey).
See Aleppo and Council of Seleucia
County of Edessa
"Les Croisades, Origines et consequences", Claude Lebedel, p.50--> The County of Edessa (Latin: Comitatus Edessanus) was a 12th-century Crusader state in Upper Mesopotamia.
See Aleppo and County of Edessa
Coup d'état
A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
Cult
A cult is a group requiring unwavering devotion to a set of beliefs and practices which are considered deviant outside the norms of society, which is typically led by a charismatic and self-appointed leader who tightly controls its members.
See Aleppo and Cult
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
Cyrrhus
Cyrrhus (Kyrrhos) is a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals.
Daily Sabah
The Daily Sabah is a Turkish pro-government daily newspaper, published in Turkey.
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam. Aleppo and Damascus are cities in Syria, Levant, populated places along the Silk Road and world Heritage Sites in Syria.
Dead Cities
The Dead Cities (المدن الميتة) or Forgotten Cities (المدن المنسية) are a group of 700 abandoned settlements in northwest Syria between Aleppo and Idlib. Aleppo and Dead Cities are world Heritage Sites in Syria.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (English: German Development Cooperation (GIZ)), often simply shortened to GIZ, is the main German development agency.
See Aleppo and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
Deutscher Wetterdienst
The Deutscher Wetterdienst or DWD for short, is the German Meteorological Service, based in Offenbach am Main, Germany, which monitors weather and meteorological conditions over Germany and provides weather services for the general public and for nautical, aviational, hydrometeorological or agricultural purposes.
See Aleppo and Deutscher Wetterdienst
Dhahab River
Dhahab River or Dhahab Valley (نهر الذهب or وادي الذهب Gold River or Gold Valley), also in medieval times known as Wadi Butnan (Wadī Buṭnān) or Butnan Habib, is an intermittent river and valley in northern Syria.
Diesel multiple unit
A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines.
See Aleppo and Diesel multiple unit
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
See Aleppo and Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Districts of Syria
The 14 governorates of Syria, or muhafazat (sing. muhafazah), are divided into 65 districts, or manatiq (sing. mintaqah), including the city of Damascus.
See Aleppo and Districts of Syria
Dolma
Dolma (Turkish for "stuffed") is a family of stuffed dishes associated with Turkish or Ottoman cuisine, typically made with a filling of rice, minced meat, offal, seafood, fruit, or any combination of these inside a vegetable or a leaf wrapping.
See Aleppo and Dolma
Dutch Republic
The United Provinces of the Netherlands, officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Aleppo and Early Muslim conquests
Eastern Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (sui iuris) particular churches of the Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope in Rome.
See Aleppo and Eastern Catholic Churches
Eber-Nari
Eber-Nari or Ebir-Nari (Akkadian), also Abar-Nahara (Aramaic) or Aber Nahra (Syriac), was a region of the ancient Near East.
Ebla
Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria. Aleppo and Ebla are Amorite cities.
See Aleppo and Ebla
Ebla tablets
The Ebla tablets are a collection of as many as 1,800 complete clay tablets, 4,700 fragments, and many thousands of minor chips found in the palace archives of the ancient city of Ebla, Syria.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Aleppo and Egypt
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Aleppo and Encyclopædia Britannica
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Aleppo and English language
Episcopal see
An episcopal see is, the area of a bishop's ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Aleppo and Euphrates are Levant.
Eustathius of Antioch
Eustathius of Antioch, sometimes surnamed the Great, was a Christian bishop and archbishop of Antioch in the 4th century.
See Aleppo and Eustathius of Antioch
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
Fafertin
Faftertin is a village in northwestern Syria, located in the Jebel Sem’an region of the Dead Cities. Aleppo and Fafertin are world Heritage Sites in Syria.
Faisal I of Iraq
Faisal I bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi (فيصل الأول بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, Fayṣal al-Awwal bin al-Ḥusayn bin ʻAlī al-Hāshimī; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933.
See Aleppo and Faisal I of Iraq
Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan
Ridwan (– 10 December 1113) was a Seljuk emir of Aleppo from 1095 until his death.
See Aleppo and Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies.
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
See Aleppo and Fatimid Caliphate
February 2012 Aleppo bombings
On 10 February 2012, two large bombs exploded at Syrian security forces buildings in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and February 2012 Aleppo bombings
Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.
See Aleppo and Fertile Crescent
Fez, Morocco
Fez or Fes (fās) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region.
First Council of Constantinople
The First Council of Constantinople (Concilium Constantinopolitanum; Σύνοδος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in AD 381 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
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First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea (Sýnodos tês Nikaías) was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.
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Folk etymology
Folk etymology – also known as (generative) popular etymology, analogical reformation, (morphological) reanalysis and etymological reinterpretation – is a change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a more familiar one through popular usage.
Forty Martyrs Cathedral
The Forty Martyrs Armenian Cathedral (Kanīsa al-ʿarbaʾīn šahīd) of Aleppo, Syria, is a 15th-century Armenian Apostolic church located in the old Christian quarter of Jdeydeh.
See Aleppo and Forty Martyrs Cathedral
Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church.
Franks
Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.
Free Syrian Army
The Free Syrian Army (FSA; al-jaysh as-Sūrī al-ḥur) is a big-tent coalition of decentralized Syrian opposition rebel groups in the Syrian civil war founded on 29 July 2011 by Colonel Riad al-Asaad and six officers who defected from the Syrian Armed Forces.
See Aleppo and Free Syrian Army
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
See Aleppo and French language
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.
See Aleppo and Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gaziantep
Gaziantep, historically Aintab and still informally called Antep, is a major city in south-central Turkey.
Gershon Galil
Gershon Galil is Professor of Biblical Studies and Ancient History and former chair of the Department of Jewish History at the University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
Ghazan
Mahmud Ghazan (5 November 1271 – 11 May 1304) (Ghazan Khan, sometimes archaically spelled as Casanus by Westerners) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304.
Governorates of Syria
Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces or counties in English (Arabic muḥāfaẓāt, singular muḥāfaẓah).
See Aleppo and Governorates of Syria
Great Mosque of Aleppo
The Great Mosque of Aleppo (جَـامِـع حَـلَـب الْـكَـبِـيْـر, Jāmi‘ Ḥalab al-Kabīr) is the largest and one of the oldest mosques in the city of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Great Mosque of Aleppo
Great Syrian Revolt
The Great Syrian Revolt (الثورة السورية الكبرى), also known as the Revolt of 1925, was a general uprising across the State of Syria and Greater Lebanon during the period of 1925 to 1927.
See Aleppo and Great Syrian Revolt
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (Ελληνορθόδοξο Πατριαρχείο Αντιοχείας), also known as the Antiochian Orthodox Church and legally as the '''Rūm''' Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East (lit), is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity that originates from the historical Church of Antioch.
See Aleppo and Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Greeks in Syria
The Greeks in Syria arrived in the 7th century BC and became more prominent during the Hellenistic period and when the Seleucid Empire was centered there.
See Aleppo and Greeks in Syria
Hadad
Hadad (𐎅𐎄|translit.
See Aleppo and Hadad
Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, military officer and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.
Halil İnalcık
Halil İnalcık (7 September 1916 – 25 July 2016) was a Turkish historian.
Hama
Hama (حَمَاة,; lit; Ḥămāṯ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. Aleppo and Hama are cities in Syria and Levant.
See Aleppo and Hama
Hamdanid dynasty
The Hamdanid dynasty (al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Shia Muslim Arab dynasty of Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004).
See Aleppo and Hamdanid dynasty
Hammam
A hammam (translit, hamam), called a Moorish bath (in reference to the Muslim Spain of Al-Andalus) and a Turkish bath by Westerners, is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world.
Hammam al-Nahhasin
Hammam al-Nahhasin (حمامالنحاسين) is one of the oldest and largest public baths (hammam or Turkish bath) in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Hammam al-Nahhasin
Hammam Yalbugha
Hammam Yalbugha (حماميلبغا) is a Mamluk-era public bath ("hammam") in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Hammam Yalbugha
Hammurabi
Hammurabi (𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉|translit.
Hananu Revolt
The Hananu Revolt (also known as the Aleppo RevoltMoubayed 2006, p. 604. or the Northern revolts) was an insurgency against French military forces in northern Syria, mainly concentrated in the western countryside of Aleppo, in 1920–1921.
Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Aleppo and Harvard University Press
Hatay Province
Hatay Province (Hatay ili,, translit) is the southernmost province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Aleppo and Hatay Province are Levant.
Hatay State
Hatay State (Hatay Devleti; État du Hatay; translit), also known informally as the Republic of Hatay (translit), was a transitional political entity that existed from 7 September 1938 to 29 June 1939, being located in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria.
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
Henri Gouraud
Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud (17 November 1867 – 16 September 1946) was a French general, best known for his leadership of the French Fourth Army at the end of the First World War.
Henry Teonge
Henry Teonge (18 March 1621, at Wolverton, Warwickshire – 21 March 1690, at Spernall, Warwickshire) was an English cleric and Royal Navy chaplain who kept informative diaries of voyages he made in 1675–1676 and 1678–1679.
Hethum I
Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270.
Hethum II
Hethum II (Հեթում Բ; 1266– November 17, 1307), also known by several other romanizations, was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1289 to 1293, 1295 to 1296 and 1299 to 1303, while Armenia was a subject state of the Mongol Empire.
History of Istanbul
Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE.
See Aleppo and History of Istanbul
Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.
Hittitology
Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE.
Homs
Homs (حِمْص / ALA-LC:; Levantine Arabic: حُمْص / Ḥomṣ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa (Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. Aleppo and Homs are cities in Syria and Levant.
See Aleppo and Homs
Hulegu Khan
Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulaguᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠦ|lit.
Hummus
Hummus (حُمُّص), also spelled hommus or houmous, is a Middle Eastern dip, spread, or savory dish made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, lemon juice, and garlic.
Hurrians
The Hurrians (Ḫu-ur-ri; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri) were a people who inhabited the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age.
Husayn ibn Ali
Imam Husayn ibn Ali (translit; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a social, political and religious leader.
Husni al-Za'im
Husni al-Za'im (حسني الزعيمḤusnī az-Za’īm; 11 May 1897 – 14 August 1949) was a Syrian Kurdish military officer and who was head of state of Syria in 1949.
I. William Zartman
Ira William Zartman is Professor Emeritus at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of Johns Hopkins University.
See Aleppo and I. William Zartman
Ibn Battuta
Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (24 February 13041368/1369), commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar.
Ibrahim Hananu
Ibrahim Hananu (1869–1935) (Ibrāhīm Hanānū) was a Syrian revolutionary and former Ottoman municipal official who led a revolt against the French colonial presence in northern Syria in the early 1920s.
Ilim-Ilimma I
Ilim-Ilimma I (reigned middle 16th century BC - c. 1524 BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Yamhad (present-day Halab) succeeding his father Abba-El II.
Informal housing
Informal housing or informal settlement can include any form of housing, shelter, or settlement (or lack thereof) which is illegal, falls outside of government control or regulation, or is not afforded protection by the state.
See Aleppo and Informal housing
Intangible cultural heritage
An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage.
See Aleppo and Intangible cultural heritage
International Air Transport Association
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945.
See Aleppo and International Air Transport Association
International airport
An international airport is an airport with customs and border control facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries around the world.
See Aleppo and International airport
International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
See Aleppo and International Civil Aviation Organization
International School of Aleppo
International School of Aleppo (ISA) founded in 1977,, retrieved 2008-04-19 was an English language in Aleppo and the only International Baccalaureate World School in Syria.
See Aleppo and International School of Aleppo
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Aleppo and Iran
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Islamist uprising in Syria
The Islamist uprising in Syria comprised a series of protests, assassinations, bombings, and armed revolts led by Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the Fighting Vanguard and, after 1979, the Muslim Brotherhood, from 1976 until 1982.
See Aleppo and Islamist uprising in Syria
Istanbul
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia. Aleppo and Istanbul are populated places along the Silk Road.
Jalaa SC
Jalaa Sporting Club, previously known as Jeunesse Sportivo Alep is a multi-sports club based in the Syrian city of Aleppo.
Jalaa SC (men's basketball)
Jalaa Sporting Club, also known as Jeunesse Sportivo Alep (Shabibeh), is a Syrian basketball club based in the city of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Jalaa SC (men's basketball)
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
In the 20th century, approximately Jews migrated, fled, or were expelled from Muslim-majority countries throughout Africa and Asia.
See Aleppo and Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Aleppo and Jews
Jizya
Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.
See Aleppo and Jizya
John II Komnenos
John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Iōannēs ho Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143.
See Aleppo and John II Komnenos
John the Baptist
John the Baptist (–) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD.
See Aleppo and John the Baptist
Julian of Antioch
Julian of Antioch (Julianus, Greek: Ίουλιανός; AD 305 311), variously distinguished as and was a 4th-century Christian martyr and saint.
See Aleppo and Julian of Antioch
Jund Qinnasrin
Jund Qinnasrīn (جُـنْـد قِـنَّـسْـرِيْـن, "military district of Qinnasrin") was one of five sub-provinces of Syria under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, organized soon after the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 7th century CE.
Justin I
Justin I (Iustinus; Ioustînos; 450 – 1 August 527), also called Justin the Thracian (Justinus Thrax; Ioustînos ho Thrâix), was Eastern Roman emperor from 518 to 527.
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
See Aleppo and Köppen climate classification
Kebab
Kebab (كباب, kabāb, كباب,; kebap), kabob (North American), kebap, or kabab (Kashmir) is a variety of roasted meat dishes that originated in the Middle East.
See Aleppo and Kebab
Khosrow I
Khosrow I (also spelled Khosrau, Khusro or Chosroes; 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩; New Persian: خسرو), traditionally known by his epithet of Anushirvan (انوشيروان "the Immortal Soul"), was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 531 to 579.
Khusruwiyah Mosque
The Khusraw mosque Arabized as Khusruwiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Ḵusruwīyah; Hüsreviye Camii) was a mosque complex in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Khusruwiyah Mosque
Kibbeh
Kibbeh (also kubba and other spellings; kibba) is a popular dish in the Levant based on spiced lean ground meat and bulgur wheat.
Kibbeh safarjaliyeh
Kibbeh safarjaliyeh or kibbeh bi'safarjaliyeh (sometimes kubbah), (كبة سفرجلية) is a dish of Syrian cuisine that consists of lamb or beef chunks as well as kibbeh in safarjaliyeh, a broth consisting of quince, pomegranate juice, pomegranate molasses, and beef broth.
See Aleppo and Kibbeh safarjaliyeh
Kilis
Kilis is a city in southernmost Turkey, near the border with Syria, and the administrative centre of Kilis Province and Kilis District.
See Aleppo and Kilis
King Faisal Street
King Faisal Street (شارع الملك فيصل) is a main street in central Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and King Faisal Street
Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior) sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.
See Aleppo and Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.
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Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.
See Aleppo and Kingdom of France
Kitbuqa
Kitbuqa Noyan (died 1260), also spelled Kitbogha, Kitboga, or Ketbugha, was an Eastern Christian of the Naimans, a group that was subservient to the Mongol Empire.
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller, is a Catholic military order.
See Aleppo and Knights Hospitaller
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, mainly known as the Knights Templar, was a French military order of the Catholic faith, and one of the wealthiest and most popular military orders in Western Christianity.
See Aleppo and Knights Templar
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
Kurd Mountain
Kurd Mountain or Kurd Dagh (jabal al-ʾakrād; Kürt Dağı, officially Kurt Dağı; Çiyayê Kurmênc) is a highland region in northwestern Syria and southeastern Turkey.
Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.
See Aleppo and Kurdish language
Kurds
Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.
See Aleppo and Kurds
Kurds in Syria
The Kurdish population of Syria is the country's largest ethnic minority, usually estimated at around 10% of the Syrian population Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria, constituting around 10 per cent of the population – around 2 million of the pre-conflict population of around 22 million.
Kurmanji
Kurmanji (lit), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions.
Latakia
Latakia (translit; Syrian pronunciation) is the principal port city of Syria and capital city of the Latakia Governorate located on the Mediterranean coast. Aleppo and Latakia are cities in Syria and Levant.
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.
Late Bronze Age collapse
The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.
See Aleppo and Late Bronze Age collapse
Latin Church
The Latin Church (Ecclesia Latina) is the largest autonomous (sui iuris) particular church within the Catholic Church, whose members constitute the vast majority of the 1.3 billion Catholics.
Legatus
A legatus (anglicised as legate) was a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman army, equivalent to a high-ranking general officer of modern times.
Leo I (emperor)
Leo I (401 – 18 January 474), also known as "the Thracian" (Thrax; ο Θραξ), was Roman emperor of the East from 457 to 474.
See Aleppo and Leo I (emperor)
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Levant Company
The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592.
Liberty Square, Aleppo
The Liberty Square (ساحة الحرية) is an important square at the Aziziyah district, downtown Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Liberty Square, Aleppo
Limestone Massif
The Limestone Massif (from French Le Massif Calcaire) or Belus Massif is the highlands on the western part of the Aleppo plateau in northwestern Syria.
See Aleppo and Limestone Massif
List of cities in Syria
The country of Syria is administratively subdivided into 14 governorates, which are sub-divided into 65 districts, which are further divided into 284 sub-districts.
See Aleppo and List of cities in Syria
List of governors of Aleppo Governorate
The following is a list of governors of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria, since 1971.
See Aleppo and List of governors of Aleppo Governorate
List of largest cities in the Arab world
This is a list of largest cities in the Arab world. The Arab world is here defined as the 22 member states of the Arab League.
See Aleppo and List of largest cities in the Arab world
List of largest cities in the Levant region by population
This is a list of cities in the Levant with a population of 500,000 or more.
See Aleppo and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population
List of monarchs of Aleppo
The monarchs of Aleppo reigned as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad.
See Aleppo and List of monarchs of Aleppo
List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab states
This is a list of World Heritage Sites in the Arab states, in Western Asia and North Africa, occupying an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea.
See Aleppo and List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab states
Luwian language
Luwian, sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Aleppo and Luwian language
Lycée français d'Alep
The Lycée français d'Alep (المدرسة الفرنسية بحلب), known also as MLF lycée d'Alep, École française or the French school, is a French lycée in the city of Aleppo, Syria, founded in 1997 by the Mission laïque française, an organization which also helped found other lycées worldwide.
See Aleppo and Lycée français d'Alep
M4 Motorway (Syria)
The M4 Motorway is a highway in north-west Syria, which runs parallel with its northern border with Turkey.
See Aleppo and M4 Motorway (Syria)
M5 Motorway (Syria)
The M5 Motorway is the most important motorway in Syria due to its length and function as the country network's south-north backbone.
See Aleppo and M5 Motorway (Syria)
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
See Aleppo and Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Mahmandar Mosque
Mahmandar Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Mahmandār) is one of the oldest mosques in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Mahmandar Mosque
Malik-Shah I
Malik-Shah I (ملک شاه) was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence.
Mamluk
Mamluk or Mamaluk (mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world.
Mamluk Sultanate
The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.
See Aleppo and Mamluk Sultanate
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.
See Aleppo and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
Mar Assia al-Hakim Church (كنيسة مار آسيا الحكيم) is a Syriac Catholic Church in Al-Jdayde quarter of Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
Maron
Maron, also called Maroun or Maro (ܡܪܘܢ,; مَارُون; Maron; Μάρων), was a 4th-century Syrian Syriac Christian hermit monk in the Taurus Mountains whose followers, after his death, founded a religious Christian movement that became known as the Maronite Church, in full communion with the Holy See and the Catholic Church.
See Aleppo and Maron
Maronite Church
The Maronite Church (لكنيسة المارونية; ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ) is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.
See Aleppo and Maronite Church
Maronites
Maronites (Al-Mawārinah; Marunoye) are a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of West Asia, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest concentration long residing near Mount Lebanon in modern Lebanon.
Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
The Massacre of Aleppo (قومة حلب), often referred to simply as The Events, was a riot perpetrated by Muslim residents of Aleppo, largely from the eastern quarters of the city, against Christian residents, largely located in the northern suburbs of Judayde (Jdeideh) and Salibeh.
See Aleppo and Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
Massacre of the Telal
Massacre of the Telal occurred in 1517 when Ottoman Turks fully took control of Syria at the end of the Ottoman-Mamluk war.
See Aleppo and Massacre of the Telal
Mayor–council government
A mayor–council government is a system of local government in which a mayor who is directly elected by the voters acts as chief executive, while a separately elected city council constitutes the legislative body.
See Aleppo and Mayor–council government
Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
See Aleppo and Mecca
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Aleppo and Mediterranean Sea
Meletius of Antioch
Saint Meletius (Greek: Μελέτιος, Meletios) was a Christian bishop of Antioch from 360 until his death in 381.
See Aleppo and Meletius of Antioch
Melkite Greek Catholic Church
The Melkite Greek Catholic Church, or Melkite Byzantine Catholic Church, is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the Holy See as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.
See Aleppo and Melkite Greek Catholic Church
Menas of Constantinople
Menas (also Minas; Μηνᾶς; died 25 August 552), considered a saint in the Calcedonian affirming church and by extension both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church of our times, was born in Alexandria, and enters the records in high ecclesiastical office as presbyter and director of the Hospital of Sampson in Constantinople, where tradition has him linked to Saint Sampson directly, and in the healing of Justinian from the bubonic plague in 542.
See Aleppo and Menas of Constantinople
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Metropolis
A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural area for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.
Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan (arch)diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province.
See Aleppo and Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
Meze
Meze (also spelled mezze or mezé) is a selection of small dishes served as appetizers in Levantine, Turkish, Balkan, Armenian, Kurdish, and Greek cuisines.
See Aleppo and Meze
Mharda
Mharda (Mḥarda), also spelled Mhardeh, Muhardah or Mahardah, is a city in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located about 23 kilometers northwest of Hama. Aleppo and Mharda are cities in Syria.
Middle Assyrian Empire
The Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC.
See Aleppo and Middle Assyrian Empire
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)
The Military Intelligence Directorate (MID; translit) is the military intelligence service of Syria.
See Aleppo and Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)
Mirdasid dynasty
The Mirdasid dynasty (al-Mirdāsiyyīn), also called the Banu Mirdas, was an Arab Shia Muslim dynasty which ruled an Aleppo-based emirate in northern Syria and the western Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) more or less continuously from 1024 until 1080.
See Aleppo and Mirdasid dynasty
Mitanni
Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts,; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.
Mohammed Abdel Wahab
Mohamed Abdel Wahab (محمد عبد الوهاب), also transliterated Mohamed Abd El-Wahhab, (March 13, 1902 – May 4, 1991), was a prominent 20th-century Egyptian singer, actor, and composer.
See Aleppo and Mohammed Abdel Wahab
Mongols
The Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (majority in Inner Mongolia), as well as Buryatia and Kalmykia of Russia.
Mosul
Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.
See Aleppo and Mosul
Mount Simeon
Mount Simeon or Mount Simon (جبل سمعان Jabal Simʻān), also called Mount Laylūn (جبل ليلون, is a highland region in Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The mountain is located in the Mount Simeon and Aʻzāz districts of Aleppo Governorate. It is named for Symeon the Stylite a Christian who lived atop a column in the region for 37 years and for whom a large monastery complex was established.
Mount Simeon District
Mount Simeon District (manṭiqat Jabal Sem‘ān) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria.
See Aleppo and Mount Simeon District
Murder on the Orient Express
Murder on the Orient Express is a work of detective fiction by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot.
See Aleppo and Murder on the Orient Express
Mursili I
Mursili I (also known as Mursilis; sometimes transcribed as Murshili) was a king of the Hittites 1620-1590 BC, as per the middle chronology, the most accepted chronology in our times (or alternatively c. 1556–1526 BC, short chronology), and was likely a grandson of his predecessor, Hattusili I.
Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
The Museum of Islamic Art (Museum für Islamische Kunst) is located in the Pergamon Museum and is part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.
See Aleppo and Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source.
Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria (translit) is a Syrian branch of the Sunni Islamist Muslim Brotherhood organization.
See Aleppo and Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
Muslim ibn Quraysh
Abu'l-Makarim Muslim ibn Qirwash (أبو المكارممسلمبن قرواش) also known by the honorific title Sharaf al-Dawla (شرف الدولة), was the Uqaylid emir of Mosul and Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Muslim ibn Quraysh
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Mustafa Bey Barmada
Mustafa Bey Barmada (مصطفى برمدا; 1883 – April 2, 1953) was a Syrian statesman, politician and judge; served as the Governor General of the State of Aleppo between 1923 and 1924 and headed the Judiciary of Syria between 1930s and 1940s.
See Aleppo and Mustafa Bey Barmada
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
See Aleppo and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Muwashshah
Muwashshah (مُوَشَّح literally means "girdled" in Classical Arabic; plural موشحات or تواشيح) is the name for both an Arabic poetic form and a musical genre.
Muwatalli II
Muwatalli II (also Muwatallis, or Muwatallish) was a king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite empire c. 1295–1282 (middle chronology) and 1295–1272 BC in the short chronology.
Nahiyah
A nāḥiyah (نَاحِيَة, plural nawāḥī نَوَاحِي), also nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns.
Naram-Sin of Akkad
Naram-Sin, also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪: DNa-ra-am DSîn, meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" a determinative marking the name of a god), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned –2218 BC (middle chronology), and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad.
See Aleppo and Naram-Sin of Akkad
Nasserism
Nasserism is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second President.
National Bloc (Syria)
The National Bloc (الكتلة الوطنية Al-Kutlah Al-Wataniyah; French: Bloc national) was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period.
See Aleppo and National Bloc (Syria)
National Museum of Aleppo
The National Museum of Aleppo (متحف حلب الوطني) is the largest museum in the city of Aleppo, Syria, and was founded in 1931.
See Aleppo and National Museum of Aleppo
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA) is a US scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.
See Aleppo and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Party (Syria)
The National Party (الحزب الوطني al-Ḥizb al-Waṭanī; Parti National) was a Syrian political party founded in 1947, eventually dissolving in 1963, after the Syrian Ba'ath Party established one-party rule in Syria in a coup d'état.
See Aleppo and National Party (Syria)
Nazim al-Qudsi
Nazim al-Qudsi (Nāẓim al-Qudsī or Nadhim Al-Kudisi; 14 February 1906 – 6 February 1998), was a Syrian politician who served as President of Syria from 14 December 1961 to 8 March 1963.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
See Aleppo and Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Aleppo and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Aleppo and Neoclassical architecture
Nightlife
Nightlife is a collective term for entertainment that is available and generally more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning.
Nikephoros II Phokas
Nikephoros II Phokas (Νικηφόρος Φωκᾶς, Nikēphóros Phōkãs; – 11 December 969), Latinized Nicephorus II Phocas, was Byzantine emperor from 963 to 969.
See Aleppo and Nikephoros II Phokas
Niqmepa, King of Alalakh
Niqmepa, son of Idrimi, was king of Alalakh in the first half of 15th century BC.
See Aleppo and Niqmepa, King of Alalakh
No man's land
No man's land is waste or unowned land or an uninhabited or desolate area that may be under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied out of fear or uncertainty.
Norman architecture
The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Aleppo and Norman architecture
North Levantine Arabic
North Levantine Arabic (al-lahja š-šāmiyya š-šamāliyya, North Levantine) was defined in the ISO 639-3 international standard for language codes as a distinct Arabic variety, under the apc code.
See Aleppo and North Levantine Arabic
Nour Mhanna
Nour Mhanna (نور مهنا; Nur Mahana) is a Syrian singer.
Nur Mountains
The Nur Mountains (Nur Dağları, "Mountains of Holy Light"), formerly known as Alma-Dağ, the ancient Amanus (Ἀμανός), medieval Black Mountain, or Jabal al-Lukkam in Arabic, is a mountain range in the Hatay Province of south-central Turkey.
Old Assyrian period
The Old Assyrian period was the second stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of the city of Assur from its rise as an independent city-state under Ushpia 2080 BC, and consolidated under Puzur-Ashur I 2025 BC to the foundation of a larger Assyrian territorial state and empire after the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC, which marks the beginning of the succeeding Middle Assyrian period.
See Aleppo and Old Assyrian period
Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period.
See Aleppo and Old Babylonian Empire
Ommal Aleppo SC
Ommal Aleppo Sports Club is a Syrian football club based in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Ommal Aleppo SC
Operation Olive Branch
Operation Olive Branch (Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı) was a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) in the majority-Kurdish Afrin District of northwest Syria, against the People's Protection Units (YPG) of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
See Aleppo and Operation Olive Branch
Oriental Orthodox Churches
The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 50 million members worldwide.
See Aleppo and Oriental Orthodox Churches
Osmangazi
Osmangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ouroube SC
Ouroube Sports Club (Ուրուբե) is a Syrian sports club based in Aleppo, best known for their football team and basketball teams (men and women).
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Aleppo and Oxford University Press
Palistin
Palistin (or Walistin), was an early Syro-Hittite kingdom located in what is now northwestern Syria and the southeastern Turkish province of Hatay.
Parsley
Parsley, or garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece, Morocco and the former Yugoslavia.
Patriarch of Antioch
The Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey).
See Aleppo and Patriarch of Antioch
People's Defense Units
The People's Defense Units (YPG), also called People's Protection Units, is a Kurdish militant group in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
See Aleppo and People's Defense Units
People's Party (Syria)
The People's Party (حزب الشعب Ḥizb aš-Šaʿb; Parti du peuple) was a Syrian political party that dominated Syrian politics during the 1950s and the early 1960s.
See Aleppo and People's Party (Syria)
Petachiah of Regensburg
Petachiah of Regensburg, also known as Petachiah ben Yakov, Moses Petachiah, and Petachiah of Ratisbon, was a German rabbi of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.
See Aleppo and Petachiah of Regensburg
Petik and Sanos
The brothers Petros (Petik) and Sanos were Armenian merchant magnates and Ottoman government tax-farmers from Old Julfa.
See Aleppo and Petik and Sanos
Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, Phruges or Phryges) were an ancient Indo-European speaking people who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity.
Pine nut
Pine nuts, also called piñón, pinoli, or pignoli, are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus).
Pinus halepensis
Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine, also known as the Jerusalem pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.
See Aleppo and Pinus halepensis
Pistachio
The pistachio (Pistacia vera), a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating in Persia.
Pizmonim
Pizmonim (Hebrew פזמונים, singular pizmon) are traditional Jewish songs and melodies sung with the intention of praising God as well as learning certain aspects of traditional religious teachings.
Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
See Aleppo and Plague (disease)
Polymath
A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
Pomegranate
The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall.
Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic.
Principality of Antioch
The Principality of Antioch (Principatus Antiochenus; Princeté de Antioch) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria.
See Aleppo and Principality of Antioch
Proterius of Alexandria
Pope Proterius of Alexandria (died 457) was Patriarch of Alexandria from 451 to 457.
See Aleppo and Proterius of Alexandria
Public transport
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that may charge a posted fee for each trip.
See Aleppo and Public transport
Qalawun
(قلاوون الصالحي, – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Turkic Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt; he ruled from 1279 to 1290.
Qinnasrin
Qinnašrīn (Qinnašrīn; lit; Chalcis ad Belum; Khalkìs), was a historical town in northern Syria.
Qudud Halabiya
The Qudud Al-Halabiya (Qudūd Ḥalabīya, literally "musical measures of Aleppo") are traditional Syrian songs combining lyrics in Classical Arabic based on the poetry of Al-Andalus, particularly that in muwashshah form, with old religious melodies collected mainly by Aleppine musicians.
Queiq
The Queiq (Modern Standard Arabic: قُوَيْقٌ, Quwayq,; northern Syrian Arabic: ʾWēʾ), with many variant spellings, it was known to the Greeks in antiquity as the Belus in (Βήλος, Bēlos), the Chalos and also known in English as the Aleppo River is an endorheic river and valley of the Aleppo Governorate, Syria and Turkey.
See Aleppo and Queiq
Quince
The quince (Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the Malinae subtribe (which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits) of the Rosaceae family.
Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism (יהדות רבנית|Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.
See Aleppo and Rabbinic Judaism
Rain shadow
A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.
Ramesses II
Ramesses II (rꜥ-ms-sw), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Egyptian pharaoh.
Red Sea
The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.
See Aleppo and Republic of Venice
Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium (ملعب رعاية الشباب) is a multi-use stadium in the Syrian city of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
Roman emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
Roman Syria
Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria.
Rushdi al-Kikhya
Rushdi al-Kikhya (رشدي الكيخيا; 1899 – 14 March 1987) was a Syrian political leader who founded the People's party in 1948.
See Aleppo and Rushdi al-Kikhya
Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square (Sāḥat Saʿad Allāh al-Jābirī) is the central town square at the heart of the Syrian city of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
Sabaa Bahrat Square, Aleppo
Sabaa Bahrat Square (ساحة السبع بحرات) (Square of the Seven Fountains) is one of the most important squares in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and Sabaa Bahrat Square, Aleppo
Sabah Fakhri
Sabah al-Din Abu Qaws (صباح الدين أبو قوس.), also known as Sabah Fakhri (صباح فخري North Levantine; May 2, 1933 – November 2, 2021), was a Syrian tenor singer from Aleppo.
Sabiq ibn Mahmud
Abūʾl-Faḍāʾil Sābiq ibn Mahmūd (سابق أبوالفضائل بن محمود) was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo from 1076 to 1080.
See Aleppo and Sabiq ibn Mahmud
Sack of Aleppo (1400)
The siege of Aleppo was a major event in 1400 during the war between the Timurid Empire and Mamluk Sultanate.
See Aleppo and Sack of Aleppo (1400)
Sack of Aleppo (962)
The sack of Aleppo in December 962 was carried out by the Byzantine Empire under Nikephoros Phokas.
See Aleppo and Sack of Aleppo (962)
Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.
See Aleppo and Safavid dynasty
Saladin
Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (– 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Salih ibn Mirdas
Abu Ali Salih ibn Mirdas (Abū ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ ibn Mirdās), also known by his laqab (honorific epithet) Asad al-Dawla ('Lion of the State'), was the founder of the Mirdasid dynasty and emir of Aleppo from 1025 until his death in May 1029.
See Aleppo and Salih ibn Mirdas
Samagar
Samagar, also Cemakar, was a Mongol general of the Il-Khan ruler Abaqa Khan (1234–1282), mentioned as leading a Mongol invasion force in 1271, in attempted coordination with the Ninth Crusade.
Sami al-Hinnawi
Sami Hilmy al-Hinnawi (Muḥammad Sāmī Ḥilmī al-Ḥinnāwī; 1898 – 31 October 1950) was a Syrian politician and military officer.
See Aleppo and Sami al-Hinnawi
Sanjak of Alexandretta
The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Liwa' Al-Iskandarūna; İskenderun Sancağı; Sandjak d'Alexandrette) was a sanjak of the Mandate of Syria composed of two qadaas of the former Aleppo Vilayet (Alexandretta and Antioch, now İskenderun and Antakya).
See Aleppo and Sanjak of Alexandretta
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Aleppo and Sasanian Empire
Sayed Darwish
Sayed Darwish (سيد درويش,; 17 March 1892 – 14 September 1923) was an Egyptian singer and composer who was considered the father of Egyptian popular music and one of Egypt's greatest musicians and seen by some as its single greatest composer.
Sayf al-Dawla
ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū'l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī (علي بن أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان بن الحارث التغلبي, 22 June 916 – 8 February 967), more commonly known simply by his honorific of Sayf al-Dawla (سيف الدولة), was the founder of the Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria and parts of the western Jazira.
Sayfo
The Sayfo (ܣܲܝܦܵܐ), also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide, was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish tribes during World War I. The Assyrians were divided into mutually antagonistic churches, including the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Chaldean Catholic Church.
See Aleppo and Sayfo
Second Battle of Homs
The Second Battle of Homs was fought in western Syria on 29 October 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and the Ilkhanate, a division of the Mongol Empire centered on Iran. The battle was part of Abaqa Khan's attempt at taking Syria from the Egyptians.
See Aleppo and Second Battle of Homs
Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
See Aleppo and Seleucid Empire
Seleucus I Nicator
Seleucus I Nicator (Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ) was a Macedonian Greek general, officer and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the eponymous Seleucid Empire, led by the Seleucid dynasty.
See Aleppo and Seleucus I Nicator
Selim I
Selim I (سليماول; I.; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520.
Semi-arid climate
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type.
See Aleppo and Semi-arid climate
Shadi Jamil
Shadi Jamil (شادي جميل) (born 22 September 1955) is a Syrian singer from Aleppo who specializes in the Qudud Al Halabiyya genre.
Shahba Mall
Shahba Mall (شهباء مول) is a defunct shopping mall in Aleppo, Syria, and was the largest shopping mall in Syria prior to its destruction during the Syrian civil war.
Shaizar
Shaizar or Shayzar (شيزر; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισσα εν Συρία in Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama.
Shamshi-Adad I
Shamshi-Adad (Šamši-Adad; Amorite: Shamshi-Addu), ruled 1808–1776 BC, was an Amorite warlord and conqueror who had conquered lands across much of Syria, Anatolia, and Upper Mesopotamia.
A share taxi (also called shared taxi or taxibus, or jitney in the US) is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus.
Sharif
Sharīf (شريف, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef or sherif, feminine sharīfa (شريفة), plural ashrāf (أشراف), shurafāʾ (شرفاء), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Shaykh Najjar
Shaykh Najjar (شيخ نجار, also spelled Sheikh Najjar), sometimes referred to as Aleppo Industrial City, is an industrial city in northern Syria, administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate, located 10 kilometers northeast of Aleppo. Aleppo and Shaykh Najjar are populated places in Mount Simeon District.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Shorta Aleppo SC
Shorta Aleppo Sports Club is a Syrian football club based in Aleppo.
See Aleppo and Shorta Aleppo SC
Siege of Aleppo (1124)
The siege of Aleppo by Baldwin II of Jerusalem and his allies lasted from 6 October 1124 to 25 January 1125.
See Aleppo and Siege of Aleppo (1124)
Siege of Aleppo (1138)
The siege of Aleppo in April 1138 was a significant attempt to capture the city by the allied forces of the Byzantines and the Franks.
See Aleppo and Siege of Aleppo (1138)
Siege of Aleppo (1260)
The siege of Aleppo lasted from 18 January to 24 January 1260.
See Aleppo and Siege of Aleppo (1260)
Siege of Aleppo (1980)
The siege of Aleppo refers to a military operation conducted by forces of the Syrian government led by Hafez al-Assad in 1980 during the armed conflict between the Sunni groups, including the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Syrian government.
See Aleppo and Siege of Aleppo (1980)
Siege of Aleppo (637)
The siege of Aleppo, the Byzantine stronghold and one of few remaining Byzantine castles in the northern Levant after the decisive Battle of Yarmouk, was laid between August and October 637.
See Aleppo and Siege of Aleppo (637)
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Sister city
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.
Sivas
Sivas (Latin and Greek: Sebastia, Sebastea, Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή) is a city in central Turkey.
See Aleppo and Sivas
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Aleppo and Spanish Inquisition
Sport of athletics
Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.
See Aleppo and Sport of athletics
State of Aleppo
The State of Aleppo (État d'Alep; دولة حلب) was one of the six states that were established by the French High Commissioner of the Levant, General Henri Gouraud, in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference and the collapse of King Faisal I's short-lived Arab monarchy in Syria.
See Aleppo and State of Aleppo
State of Damascus
The State of Damascus (État de Damas; دولة دمشق) was one of the six states established by the French General Henri Gouraud in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference of 1920 and the defeat of King Faisal's short-lived monarchy in Syria.
See Aleppo and State of Damascus
Stefano Bianca
Stefano Bianca is a Swiss architectural historian and an urban designer.
Subhi Bey Barakat
Subhi Bey Barakat al-Khalidi or Suphi Bereket (صبحي بك بركات الخالدي; Suphi Bereket; 1889–1939) was a Turkish politician from Antakya.
See Aleppo and Subhi Bey Barakat
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (translit, 24 September 717) was the seventh Umayyad caliph, ruling from 715 until his death.
See Aleppo and Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Suleiman ibn Qutalmish
Suleiman Shah I ibn Qutalmish (سُلَیمانشاہ بن قُتَلمِش; سلیمان بن قتلمش) founded an independent Seljuk Turkish state in Anatolia and ruled as Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1077 until his death in 1086.
See Aleppo and Suleiman ibn Qutalmish
Sumac
Sumac or sumach is any of about 35 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera in the cashew family (Anacardiaceae).
See Aleppo and Sumac
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Surqaniya
Surqaniya (سرقانيا) is a village in northwestern Syria, in the Jebel Sem’an region of the Dead Cities.
Swimming (sport)
Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water.
See Aleppo and Swimming (sport)
Sykes–Picot Agreement
The Sykes–Picot Agreement was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.
See Aleppo and Sykes–Picot Agreement
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Aleppo and Syria are Levant.
See Aleppo and Syria
Syria (region)
Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Aleppo and Syria (region) are Levant.
Syria men's national basketball team
Syria national basketball team (منتخب سوريا لكرة السلة رجال), nicknamed Nosour Qasioun (Qasioun Eagles), represents Syria in international basketball competitions.
See Aleppo and Syria men's national basketball team
Syria Prima
Syria I or Syria Prima ("First Syria", in Πρώτη Συρία, Prṓtē Suríā) was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Syria Coele.
Syriac Catholic Church
The Syriac Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic Christian jurisdiction originating in the Levant that uses the West Syriac Rite liturgy and has many practices and rites in common with the Syriac Orthodox Church.
See Aleppo and Syriac Catholic Church
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
See Aleppo and Syriac language
Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.
See Aleppo and Syriac Orthodox Church
Syrian Air
Syrian Airlines (السورية للطيران), operating as SyrianAir (السورية), is the flag carrier of Syria.
Syrian Arab News Agency
The Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) (الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء (سانا)) is a Syrian state-controlled news agency, linked to the country's ministry of information.
See Aleppo and Syrian Arab News Agency
Syrian Arabic
Syrian Arabic refers to any of the Arabic varieties spoken in Syria, or specifically to Levantine Arabic.
Syrian Army
The Syrian Army (SyA or SA), officially the Syrian Arab Army (SyAA or SAA) (al-Jayš al-ʿArabī as-Sūrī), is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces.
Syrian Basketball League
The Syrian Basketball League (الدوري السوري لكرة السلة), officially Syriatel Basketbal League, is the top-tier professional men's basketball league in Syria.
See Aleppo and Syrian Basketball League
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.
See Aleppo and Syrian civil war
Syrian Coastal Mountain Range
The Coastal Mountain Range (سلسلة الجبال الساحلية, Silsilat al-Jibāl as-Sāḥilīyah) also called Jabal al-Ansariya, Jabal an-Nusayria or Jabal al-`Alawīyin (Ansari, Nusayri or Alawi Mountains) is a mountain range in northwestern Syria running north–south, parallel to the coastal plain.
See Aleppo and Syrian Coastal Mountain Range
Syrian Desert
The Syrian Desert (بادية الشامBādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian Desert, the Jordanian steppe, or the Badiya, is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering approx.
Syrian Jews
Syrian Jews (יהודי סוריה Yehudey Surya, الْيَهُود السُّورِيُّون al-Yahūd as-Sūriyyūn, colloquially called SYs in the United States) are Jews who live in the region of the modern state of Syria, and their descendants born outside Syria.
Syrian Public Security Police
The Public Security Police (شرطة الأمن العام) or Internal Security Forces (Qiwa al-Amn al-Dakhili) is the main police service of Syria.
See Aleppo and Syrian Public Security Police
Syrian Railways
General Establishment of Syrian Railways (المؤسسة العامة للخطوط الحديدية, Chemins de fer syriens, CFS) is the national railway operator for the state of Syria, subordinate to the Ministry of Transportation.
See Aleppo and Syrian Railways
Syrian Turkmen
Syrian Turkmen (translit; Suriye Türkmenleri) are Syrian citizens of Turkish origin who mainly trace their roots to Anatolia (i.e. modern Turkey).
Syrians
Syrians (سوريون) are the majority inhabitants of Syria, indigenous to the Levant, who have Arabic, especially its Levantine dialect, as a mother tongue.
Syro-Hittite states
The states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram.
See Aleppo and Syro-Hittite states
Table tennis
Table tennis (also known as ping-pong or whiff-whaff) is a racket sport derived from tennis but distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which players stand.
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Tartus
Tartus (طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa and also transliterated from French Tartous) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. Aleppo and Tartus are cities in Syria.
Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour.
Tennis
Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).
Teshub
Teshub was the Hurrian weather god, as well as the head of the Hurrian pantheon.
The English Historical Review
The English Historical Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1886 and published by Oxford University Press (formerly by Longman).
See Aleppo and The English Historical Review
The Herald-Sun (Durham, North Carolina)
The Herald-Sun is an American, English language daily newspaper in Durham, North Carolina, published by the McClatchy Company.
See Aleppo and The Herald-Sun (Durham, North Carolina)
The Irish Times
The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication.
See Aleppo and The Irish Times
The Natural History of Aleppo
The Natural History of Aleppo is a 1756 book by naturalist Alexander Russell on the natural history of Aleppo.
See Aleppo and The Natural History of Aleppo
Tiglath-Pileser III
Tiglath-Pileser III (𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏|translit.
See Aleppo and Tiglath-Pileser III
Tigranes the Great
Tigranes II, more commonly known as Tigranes the Great (Tigran Mets in Armenian; Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας,; Tigranes Magnus; 140 – 55 BC), was a king of Armenia.
See Aleppo and Tigranes the Great
Tigris
The Tigris (see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. Aleppo and Tigris are Levant.
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (8 April 133617–18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly.
See Aleppo and Timur
Titular see
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese".
Tomato paste
Tomato paste is a thick paste made from tomatoes, which are cooked for several hours to reduce water content, straining out seeds and skins, and cooking the liquid again to reduce the base to a thick, rich concentrate.
Treaty of Lausanne
The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne, Lozan Antlaşması.) is a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.
See Aleppo and Treaty of Lausanne
Treaty of Safar
The Treaty of Safar put a formal end to the extended collapse of the Hamdanid Dynasty.
See Aleppo and Treaty of Safar
Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire.
See Aleppo and Treaty of Sèvres
Truffle
A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus, one of the species of the genus Tuber.
Tudḫaliya I
Tudḫaliya I (sometimes considered identical with Tudḫaliya II and called Tudḫaliya I/II) was a Hittite great king in the 15th century BC, ruling perhaps c. 1465–c.
Tulipa aleppensis
Tulipa aleppensis is a wild tulip in the family Liliaceae.
See Aleppo and Tulipa aleppensis
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Aleppo and Turkish language
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movement, after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. The conflict was between the Turkish Nationalists against Allied and separatist forces over the application of Wilsonian principles, especially national self-determination, in post-World War I Anatolia and eastern Thrace.
See Aleppo and Turkish War of Independence
Turkoman (ethnonym)
Turkoman, also known as Turcoman, was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages.
See Aleppo and Turkoman (ethnonym)
Tutush I
Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094.
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Aleppo and Umayyad Caliphate
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.
See Aleppo and UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; translit) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1961.
See Aleppo and United Arab Republic
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of the British Mandate.
See Aleppo and United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
University of Aleppo
University of Aleppo (Jāmiʿat Ḥalab, also called Aleppo University) is a public university located in Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and University of Aleppo
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Aleppo and University of California Press
Uqaylid dynasty
The Uqaylid dynasty was a Shia Arab dynasty with several lines that ruled in various parts of Al-Jazira, northern Syria and Iraq in the late tenth and eleventh centuries.
See Aleppo and Uqaylid dynasty
Urban design
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes.
Urfa
Urfa, officially called Şanlıurfa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province.
See Aleppo and Urfa
Valens
Valens (Ouálēs; 328 – 9 August 378) was Roman emperor from 364 to 378.
Veria
Veria (Véroia or Vérroia; Veria), officially transliterated Veroia, historically also spelled Beroea or Berea, is a city in Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the regional unit of Imathia.
See Aleppo and Veria
Villa Rose
Villa Rose (فيلا روز), is a private mansion in the Syrian city of Aleppo dating back to 1928.
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net.
Wayne Horowitz
Wayne Horowitz (born Roslyn, New York) is an archeologist and academic.
Western Armenian
Western Armenian is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Eastern Armenian.
See Aleppo and Western Armenian
World Heritage Committee
The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.
See Aleppo and World Heritage Committee
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Aleppo and World Heritage Site
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Yamhad
Yamhad (Yamḫad) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom centered on Ḥalab (Aleppo) in Syria. Aleppo and Yamhad are Amorite cities.
Yarim-Lim I
Yarim-Lim I, also given as Yarimlim, (reigned) was the second king of the ancient Amorite kingdom of Yamhad in modern-day Aleppo, Syria.
Yogurt
Yogurt (from; also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.
Za'atar
Za'atar (زَعْتَر) is a Levantine culinary herb or family of herbs.
Zechariah (New Testament figure)
Zechariah (זְכַרְיָה Zəḵaryā, "remember Yah"; Ζαχαρίας; Zacharias in KJV; Zachary in the Douay–Rheims Bible; Zakariyya (Zakariyyā) in Islamic tradition) is a Jewish figure in the New Testament and the Quran, and venerated in Christianity and Islam.
See Aleppo and Zechariah (New Testament figure)
Zengid dynasty
The Zengid or Zangid dynasty, Atabegs of Mosul (Arabic: الدولة الزنكية romanized: al-Dawla al-Zinkia) was an Atabegate of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127.
Zobah
Zobah or Aram-Zobah was an early Aramean state mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, which extended north-east of biblical King David's realm.
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1 Maccabees
1 Maccabees,translit also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom.
1138 Aleppo earthquake
The 1138 Aleppo earthquake was among the deadliest earthquakes in history.
See Aleppo and 1138 Aleppo earthquake
1822 Aleppo earthquake
The northern part of the Ottoman Empire (now northern Syria and the Hatay Province of Turkey) was struck by a major earthquake on 13 August 1822.
See Aleppo and 1822 Aleppo earthquake
1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo
The 1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo were an attack on Syrian Jews in Aleppo, Syria in December 1947, following the United Nations vote in favour of partitioning Palestine.
See Aleppo and 1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo
2016–17 Syrian Premier League
The 2016–17 Syrian Premier League season is the 46th since its establishment.
See Aleppo and 2016–17 Syrian Premier League
2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing
On 15 April 2017, a car bomb detonated near a convoy of buses in the al-Rashideen neighbourhood of western Aleppo, Syria.
See Aleppo and 2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Asia)
The 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification for the FIBA Asia-Oceania region began in November 2021 and concluded in February 2023.
See Aleppo and 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Asia)
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
On 6 February 2023, at 04:17 TRT (01:17 UTC), a 7.8 earthquake struck southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria.
See Aleppo and 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
5th Cavalry Division (India)
The 2nd Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I. It was formed in April 1918 when three brigades already in Palestine were merged with elements of the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front.
See Aleppo and 5th Cavalry Division (India)
See also
5th-century BC establishments
- Aleppo
- Amphipolis
- Anuradhapura
- Archaeanactid dynasty
- Bosporan Kingdom
- Ceuta
- Delian League
- Giugliano in Campania
- Heraclea Lucania
- Mehdya, Morocco
- Nazca lines
- Odrysian kingdom
- Paphlagonia
- Patna
- Priest of Apollo (Cyrene)
- Spartocid dynasty
- Tchefuncte site
- Temple of Confucius
- Urewe
- Warring States period
- Western Zhou (state)
Amorite cities
- Aleppo
- Ancient Aleppo
- Apum
- Assur
- Babylon
- Ebla
- Emar
- Kurda
- Mari, Syria
- Qatna
- Tell eth-Thadeyn
- Yamhad
- Zahiran
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
- Aleppo
- Areni-1 cave
- Byblos
- Clegyr Boia
- Crkvine (Stubline)
- Dan (ancient city)
- Dimini
- Fanchengdui
- Gath (city)
- Godedzor
- Hamoukar
- Jerusalem
- Jiangzhai
- Keatley Creek Archaeological Site
- Kul Tepe Jolfa
- Merimde Beni Salama
- Monte Viso
- Nekhen
- Niuheliang
- Peshawar
- Rahmatabad Mound
- Sepphoris
- Solnitsata
- Tappa Gawri
- Tel Jezreel
- Tell Leilan
- Tell el-Hammam
- Tepe Gawra
- Vail Pass Camp
- Visoko
Populated places in Mount Simeon District
- Al-Eiss
- Al-Hadher, Syria
- Al-Muslimiyah
- Al-Zirbah
- Aleppo
- Anadan
- Bawabiyah
- Darat Izza
- Haritan
- Irhab, Syria
- Kafr Hamrah
- Kafr Saghir
- Khan Tuman
- Maryamin Samaan
- Shaykh Najjar
- Tell Shughayb
- Tell al-Daman
- Zammar
World Heritage Sites in Syria
- Aleppo
- Ancient Aleppo
- Bosra
- Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
- Citadel of Aleppo
- Damascus
- Dead Cities
- Fafertin
- Krak des Chevaliers
- List of World Heritage Sites in Syria
- List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war
- Old city of Damascus
- Palmyra
- Sahyun Castle
- Walls of Palmyra
- Ziad Zukkari
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo
Also known as 'ħalab, Alep, Alepine, Alepo, Aleppine, Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Aleppo, Syria, Aleppo,Syria, Allepo, Alleppo, Architecture of Aleppo, Christianity in Aleppo, Cuisine of Aleppo, Emirate of Aleppo, Geography of Aleppo, Halab, Halap, Haleb, Hallab, Heleb, History of Aleppo, , حلب.
, Aleppo Governorate, Aleppo International Airport, Aleppo International Stadium, Aleppo plateau, Aleppo Public Park, Aleppo Room, Aleppo soap, Alexander Russell (naturalist), Alexander the Great, Allies of World War I, Altun Bogha Mosque, American Center of Research, Amik Valley, Amin al-Hafiz, Amorite language, Amorites, An-Nasir Yusuf, Anatolia, Ancient Aleppo, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, André Gutton, Ankara, Anno Domini, Antakya, Antioch, Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, Arabic, Arabic maqam, Arak (drink), Aram (region), Aramaic, Arameans, ArchNet, Armanum, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian genocide, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Armenian language, Armenian merchantry, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenians, Armenians in Syria, Armi (Syria), Arpad, Syria, Association football, Assyria, Assyrian people, Assyrians in Syria, Ayyubid dynasty, Az-Zahir Ghazi, Azaz, İskenderun, Šuppiluliuma I, Ba'athism, Bab al-Ahmar, Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo), Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower, Bab al-Hadid, Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing, Bab al-Jinan, Bab al-Maqam, Bab al-Nairab, Bab al-Nasr (Aleppo), Bab Antakeya, Bab Qinnasrin, Babylonia, Bahsita Mosque, Balai of Qenneshrin, Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Banu Kilab, Baqashot, Barad, Syria, Baratarna, Baron Hotel, Baroque architecture, Bashar al-Assad, Basil of Caesarea, Basketball, Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex, Battle of Ain Jalut, Battle of Ain Salm, Battle of Aleppo (1918), Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016), Battle of Kadesh, Battle of Maysalun, Baybars, Bazaar, BBC News, Bedouin, Beer in Syria, Behramiyah Mosque, Beirut, Beit Achiqbash, Beit Ghazaleh, Beit Junblatt, Berlin, Berlin–Baghdad railway, Bit Agusi, Bohemond VI of Antioch, Bosniaks, Boule (ancient Greece), Brill Publishers, Brooklyn, Bulgarians, Byzantine architecture, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, Cairo, Cambridge University Press, Cape of Good Hope, Car bomb, Caravanserai, Castle, Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo, Catholic Church, CBS News, Central Asia, Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria), Central Synagogue of Aleppo, Chaldean Catholic Church, Chechens, Cherry, Chili pepper, Chinese architecture, Cholera, Christianity in Syria, Christmas, Church of Saint Simeon Stylites, Church of the Dormition of Our Lady, Cilicia, Circassians, Citadel, Citadel of Aleppo, Club d'Alep, Columbia Encyclopedia, Constantinople, Constantius II, Contract bridge, Cordoba Private University, Council of Chalcedon, Council of Ephesus, Council of Seleucia, County of Edessa, Coup d'état, Crusades, Cult, Cuneiform, Cyrrhus, Daily Sabah, Damascus, Dead Cities, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Dhahab River, Diesel multiple unit, Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Districts of Syria, Dolma, Dutch Republic, Early Muslim conquests, Eastern Catholic Churches, Eber-Nari, Ebla, Ebla tablets, Egypt, Encyclopædia Britannica, English language, Episcopal see, Euphrates, Eustathius of Antioch, Evangelicalism, Fafertin, Faisal I of Iraq, Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan, Famine, Fatimid Caliphate, February 2012 Aleppo bombings, Fertile Crescent, Fez, Morocco, First Council of Constantinople, First Council of Nicaea, Folk etymology, Forty Martyrs Cathedral, Franciscans, Franks, Free Syrian Army, French language, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gaziantep, Gershon Galil, Ghazan, Governorates of Syria, Great Mosque of Aleppo, Great Syrian Revolt, Greece, Greek language, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, Greeks, Greeks in Syria, Hadad, Hafez al-Assad, Halil İnalcık, Hama, Hamdanid dynasty, Hammam, Hammam al-Nahhasin, Hammam Yalbugha, Hammurabi, Hananu Revolt, Handball, Harvard University Press, Hatay Province, Hatay State, Hebrew Bible, Henri Gouraud, Henry Teonge, Hethum I, Hethum II, History of Istanbul, Hittites, Hittitology, Homs, Hulegu Khan, Hummus, Hurrians, Husayn ibn Ali, Husni al-Za'im, I. William Zartman, Ibn Battuta, Ibrahim Hananu, Ilim-Ilimma I, Informal housing, Intangible cultural heritage, International Air Transport Association, International airport, International Civil Aviation Organization, International School of Aleppo, Iran, Iron Age, Islamist uprising in Syria, Istanbul, Jalaa SC, Jalaa SC (men's basketball), Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, Jews, Jizya, John II Komnenos, John the Baptist, Julian of Antioch, Jund Qinnasrin, Justin I, Köppen climate classification, Kebab, Khosrow I, Khusruwiyah Mosque, Kibbeh, Kibbeh safarjaliyeh, Kilis, King Faisal Street, Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Kitbuqa, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Templar, Koine Greek, Kurd Mountain, Kurdish language, Kurds, Kurds in Syria, Kurmanji, Latakia, Late antiquity, Late Bronze Age collapse, Latin Church, Legatus, Leo I (emperor), Levant, Levant Company, Liberty Square, Aleppo, Limestone Massif, List of cities in Syria, List of governors of 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