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Analog computer, the Glossary

An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities (analog signals) to model the problem being solved.^[1]

188 relations: A. K. Dewdney, Aérospatiale, Adder (electronics), Addition, Additive inverse, Airbus, Aircraft, Amplifier, Analog multiplier, Analog signal, Analog synthesizer, Analog-to-digital converter, Analogical models, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Antikythera, Antikythera mechanism, Antikythera wreck, Apollo program, Arbitrary-precision arithmetic, ARP 2600, Arthur Pollen, Astrolabe, Astronomical object, Ball-and-disk integrator, Bart N. Locanthi, Bevel gear, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Bombsight, British Aircraft Corporation, California Institute of Technology, Cam (mechanism), Capacitor, Chaos theory, Computation, Computer, Concorde, Control system, Control theory, Convex hull, Crete, Damping, Dashpot, Dataflow, Delta Works, Deltar, Demodulation, Derek J. de Solla Price, Differential (mechanical device), Differential analyser, Differential equation, ... Expand index (138 more) »
Greek inventions

A. K. Dewdney

Alexander Keewatin Dewdney (August 5, 1941 – March 9, 2024) was a Canadian mathematician, computer scientist, author, filmmaker, and conspiracy theorist.

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Aérospatiale

Aérospatiale was a major French state-owned aerospace corporation that developed and manufactured both civilian and military aircraft as well as rockets, missiles and satellites.

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Adder (electronics)

An adder, or summer, is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers.

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Addition

Addition (usually signified by the plus symbol) is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and division.

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Additive inverse

In mathematics, the additive inverse of a number (sometimes called the opposite of) is the number that, when added to, yields zero.

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Airbus

Airbus SE is a European multinational aerospace corporation.

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Aircraft

An aircraft (aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

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Amplifier

An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).

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Analog multiplier

In electronics, an analog multiplier is a device that takes two analog signals and produces an output which is their product.

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Analog signal

An analog signal is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity.

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Analog synthesizer

An analog synthesizer (analogue synthesiser) is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.

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Analog-to-digital converter

In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal. Analog computer and analog-to-digital converter are analog computers.

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Analogical models

Analogical models are a method of representing a phenomenon of the world, often called the "target system" by another, more understandable or analysable system.

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Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ann Arbor is a college town and the county seat of Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States.

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Antikythera

Antikythera or Anticythera, known in antiquity as Aigilia, is a Greek island lying on the edge of the Aegean Sea, between Crete and Peloponnese.

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Antikythera mechanism

The Antikythera mechanism is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (model of the Solar System), described as the oldest known example of an analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance. Analog computer and Antikythera mechanism are analog computers and Greek inventions.

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Antikythera wreck

The Antikythera wreck (navágio ton Antikythíron) is a Roman-era shipwreck dating from the second quarter of the first century BC.

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Apollo program

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

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Arbitrary-precision arithmetic

In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are potentially limited only by the available memory of the host system.

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ARP 2600

The ARP 2600 is a subtractive synthesizer first produced by ARP Instruments, Inc in 1971.

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Arthur Pollen

Arthur Joseph Hungerford Pollen (13 September 1866 – 28 January 1937) was an English journalist, businessman, and commentator on naval affairs who devised a new computerised fire-control system for use on battleships prior to the First World War.

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Astrolabe

An astrolabe (ἀστρολάβος,; ٱلأَسْطُرلاب; ستاره‌یاب) is an astronomical instrument dating to ancient times. Analog computer and astrolabe are analog computers and Greek inventions.

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Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

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Ball-and-disk integrator

The ball-and-disk integrator is a key component of many advanced mechanical computers.

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Bart N. Locanthi

Bartholomew Nicholas Locanthi II (White Plains, New York, 1919 – Glendale, California, January 9, 1994) was an audio engineer and leading expert in the US pro-audio industry in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Bevel gear

Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped.

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Boeing B-29 Superfortress

The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engined propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War.

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Bombsight

A bombsight is a device used by military aircraft to drop bombs accurately.

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British Aircraft Corporation

The British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd., Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft), the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech) is a private research university in Pasadena, California.

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Cam (mechanism)

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion.

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Capacitor

In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other.

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Chaos theory

Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics.

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Computation

A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined.

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Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).

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Concorde

Concorde is a retired Anglo-French supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale) and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC).

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Control system

A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops.

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Control theory

Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines.

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Convex hull

In geometry, the convex hull, convex envelope or convex closure of a shape is the smallest convex set that contains it.

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Crete

Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.

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Damping

In physical systems, damping is the loss of energy of an oscillating system by dissipation.

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Dashpot

A dashpot, also known as a damper, is a mechanical device that resists motion via viscous friction.

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Dataflow

In computing, dataflow is a broad concept, which has various meanings depending on the application and context.

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Delta Works

The Delta Works (Deltawerken) is a series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta from the sea.

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Deltar

The Deltar (Delta Getij Analogon Rekenmachine, English: Delta Tide Analogue Calculator) was an analogue computer used in the design and execution of the Delta Works from 1960 to 1984. Analog computer and Deltar are analog computers.

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Demodulation

Demodulation is extracting the original information-bearing signal from a carrier wave.

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Derek J. de Solla Price

Derek John de Solla Price (22 January 1922 – 3 September 1983) was a British physicist, historian of science, and information scientist.

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Differential (mechanical device)

A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others.

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Differential analyser

The differential analyser is a mechanical analogue computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, using wheel-and-disc mechanisms to perform the integration. Analog computer and differential analyser are analog computers.

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Differential equation

In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and their derivatives.

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Digital signal

A digital signal is a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values; at any given time it can only take on, at most, one of a finite number of values.

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Digital-to-analog converter

In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal. Analog computer and digital-to-analog converter are analog computers.

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Dioptra

A dioptra (sometimes also named dioptre or diopter, from διόπτρα) is a classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BC.

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Director (military)

A director, also called an auxiliary predictor, is a mechanical or electronic computer that continuously calculates trigonometric firing solutions for use against a moving target, and transmits targeting data to direct the weapon firing crew.

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Division (mathematics)

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic.

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Dumaresq

The Dumaresq is a mechanical calculating device invented around 1902 by Lieutenant John Dumaresq of the Royal Navy. Analog computer and Dumaresq are analog computers.

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Dynamical system

In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve.

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E6B

The E6B flight computer is a form of circular slide rule used in aviation. Analog computer and E6B are analog computers.

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Elastic pendulum

In physics and mathematics, in the area of dynamical systems, an elastic pendulum (also called spring pendulum or swinging spring) is a physical system where a piece of mass is connected to a spring so that the resulting motion contains elements of both a simple pendulum and a one-dimensional spring-mass system.

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Electrical connector

Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor.

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Electrical network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances).

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Electronic Associates

Electronic Associates, Inc. (EAI) was founded in 1945 by Lloyd F. Christianson and Arthur L. Adamson and began manufacturing analog computers in 1952. Analog computer and Electronic Associates are analog computers.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system.

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Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost.

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Exponentiation

In mathematics, exponentiation is an operation involving two numbers: the base and the exponent or power.

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FERMIAC

The Monte Carlo trolley, or FERMIAC, was an analog computer invented by physicist Enrico Fermi to aid in his studies of neutron transport. Analog computer and FERMIAC are analog computers.

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Field-programmable analog array

A field-programmable analog array (FPAA) is an integrated circuit device containing computational analog blocks (CAB) and interconnects between these blocks offering field-programmability.

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Figure of merit

A figure of merit (FOM) is a performance metric that characterizes the performance of a device, system, or method, relative to its alternatives.

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Filter (signal processing)

In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal.

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Fire-control system

A fire-control system (FCS) is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer, a director and radar, which is designed to assist a ranged weapon system to target, track, and hit a target.

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Flight computer

A flight computer is a form of slide rule used in aviation and one of a very few analog computers in widespread use in the 21st century. Analog computer and flight computer are analog computers.

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Flight simulator

A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes.

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Flight training

Flight training is a course of study used when learning to pilot an aircraft.

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French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, or CEA (French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies.

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Function (mathematics)

In mathematics, a function from a set to a set assigns to each element of exactly one element of.

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Function generator

In electrical engineering, a function generator is usually a piece of electronic test equipment or software used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies.

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General Electric

General Electric Company (GE) was an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the state of New York and headquartered in Boston.

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General purpose analog computer

The general purpose analog computer (GPAC) is a mathematical model of analog computers first introduced in 1941 by Claude Shannon. Analog computer and general purpose analog computer are analog computers.

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Gibbs phenomenon

In mathematics, the Gibbs phenomenon is the oscillatory behavior of the Fourier series of a piecewise continuously differentiable periodic function around a jump discontinuity.

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Giovanni Plana

Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (6 November 1781 – 20 January 1864) was an Italian astronomer and mathematician.

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Gravity of Earth

The gravity of Earth, denoted by, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation).

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Gun data computer

The gun data computer was a series of artillery computers used by the U.S. Army for coastal artillery, field artillery and anti-aircraft artillery applications. Analog computer and gun data computer are analog computers.

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Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

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Harmonic oscillator

In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force F proportional to the displacement x: \vec F.

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Harrier jump jet

The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier jump jet, is a family of jet-powered attack aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing operations (V/STOL).

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Heathkit

Heathkit is the brand name of kits and other electronic products produced and marketed by the Heath Company.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Helmut Hölzer

Helmut Hoelzer was a Nazi Germany V-2 rocket engineer who was brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip.

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Hipparchus

Hipparchus (Ἵππαρχος, Hipparkhos; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.

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History of logarithms

The history of logarithms is the story of a correspondence (in modern terms, a group isomorphism) between multiplication on the positive real numbers and addition on the real number line that was formalized in seventeenth century Europe and was widely used to simplify calculation until the advent of the digital computer.

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Hooke's law

In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, where is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.

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Hughes Aircraft Company

The Hughes Aircraft Company was a major American aerospace and defense contractor founded on February 14, 1934 by Howard Hughes in Glendale, California, as a division of Hughes Tool Company.

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Hybrid computer

Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. Analog computer and Hybrid computer are analog computers.

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Hydraulic analogy

Electronic-hydraulic analogies are the representation of electronic circuits by hydraulic circuits.

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Hydraulics

Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.

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Imperial Russian Navy

The Imperial Russian Navy operated as the navy of the Russian Tsardom and later the Russian Empire from 1696 to 1917.

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Inductor

An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.

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Industrial process control

Industrial process control (IPC) or simply process control is a system used in modern manufacturing which uses the principles of control theory and physical industrial control systems to monitor, control and optimize continuous industrial production processes using control algorithms.

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Integral

In mathematics, an integral is the continuous analog of a sum, which is used to calculate areas, volumes, and their generalizations.

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Integrator

An integrator in measurement and control applications is an element whose output signal is the time integral of its input signal.

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International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM) is an organization that supports international exchange of researchers and engineers from the wide range of discipline related to Mechanical Engineering.

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Ishiguro Storm Surge Computer

The Ishiguro Storm Surge Machine is an analogue computer built by Japanese oceanographer Shizuo Ishiguro. Analog computer and Ishiguro Storm Surge Computer are analog computers.

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James Thomson (engineer)

James Thomson FRS FRSE LLD (16 February 1822 – 8 May 1892) was a British engineer and physicist, born in Belfast, and older brother of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin).

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Johan van Veen

Johan van Veen (Uithuizermeeden, 21 December 1893 – The Hague, 9 December 1959) was a Dutch hydraulic engineer.

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John Saumarez Dumaresq

Rear Admiral John Saumarez Dumaresq, (26 October 1873 – 22 July 1922) was an officer in the Royal Navy.

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Kerrison Predictor

The Kerrison Predictor was one of the first fully automated anti-aircraft fire-control systems. Analog computer and Kerrison Predictor are analog computers.

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Kythira

Kythira (Κύθηρα), also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira, is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula.

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Leonardo Torres Quevedo

Leonardo Torres Quevedo (28 December 1852 – 18 December 1936) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, and inventor of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Librascope

Librascope was a Glendale, California, division of General Precision, Inc. (GPI).

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Lockheed Corporation

The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer.

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Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

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Lord Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.

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Lotfernrohr 7

The Carl Zeiss Lotfernrohr 7 (Lot meant "Vertical" and Fernrohr meant "Telescope"), or Lotfe 7, was the primary series of bombsights used in most Luftwaffe level bombers, similar to the United States' Norden bombsight, but much simpler to operate and maintain. Analog computer and Lotfernrohr 7 are analog computers.

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Mark I Fire Control Computer

The Mark 1, and later the Mark 1A, Fire Control Computer was a component of the Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System deployed by the United States Navy during World War II and up to 1991 and possibly later.

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Martin Marietta

The Martin Marietta Corporation was an American company founded in 1961 through the merger of Glenn L. Martin Company and American-Marietta Corporation.

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Matra

Matra (an acronym for Mécanique Aviation Traction) was a major French industrial conglomerate.

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Mechanical computer

A mechanical computer is a computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears rather than electronic components.

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Mechanical watch

A mechanical watch is a watch that uses a clockwork mechanism to measure the passage of time, as opposed to quartz watches which function using the vibration modes of a piezoelectric quartz tuning fork, or radio watches, which are quartz watches synchronized to an atomic clock via radio waves.

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Mechanics

Mechanics (from Ancient Greek: μηχανική, mēkhanikḗ, "of machines") is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects.

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Memory

Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.

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Microelectronics

Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics.

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Modulation

In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a separate signal called the modulation signal that typically contains information to be transmitted.

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Multiplication

Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol, by the mid-line dot operator, by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk) is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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Network analyzer (AC power)

From 1929 to the late 1960s, large alternating current power systems were modelled and studied on AC network analyzers (also called alternating current network calculators or AC calculating boards) or transient network analyzers. Analog computer and network analyzer (AC power) are analog computers.

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Neural network (machine learning)

In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains.

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Neuromorphic engineering

Neuromorphic computing is an approach to computing that is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.

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Noise (electronics)

In electronics, noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal.

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Noise floor

In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored.

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Nomogram

A nomogram (from Greek νόμος, "law" and γραμμή, "line"), also called a nomograph, alignment chart, or abac, is a graphical calculating device, a two-dimensional diagram designed to allow the approximate graphical computation of a mathematical function. Analog computer and nomogram are analog computers.

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Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

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Norden bombsight

The Norden Mk.

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Numerical method

In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems.

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Numerical stability

In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, numerical stability is a generally desirable property of numerical algorithms.

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Operational amplifier

An operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input, a (usually) single-ended output, and an extremely high gain.

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Orrery

An orrery is a mechanical model of the Solar System that illustrates or predicts the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons, usually according to the heliocentric model.

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Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope (informally scope or O-scope) is a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying voltages of one or more signals as a function of time.

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Output device

An output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts information or data into a human-perceptible form or, historically, into a physical machine-readable form for use with other non-computerized equipment.

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Patch panel

A patch panel is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner.

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Peenemünde Army Research Center

The Peenemünde Army Research Center (Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde, HVP) was founded in 1937 as one of five military proving grounds under the German Army Weapons Office (Heereswaffenamt).

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Perpetual calendar

A perpetual calendar is a calendar valid for many years, usually designed to look up the day of the week for a given date in the past or future.

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Phillips Machine

Phillips Machine in the Science Museum, London The Phillips Machine, also known as the MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer), Phillips Hydraulic Computer and the Financephalograph, is an analogue computer which uses fluidic logic to model the workings of an economy. Analog computer and Phillips Machine are analog computers.

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Physical neural network

A physical neural network is a type of artificial neural network in which an electrically adjustable material is used to emulate the function of a neural synapse or a higher-order (dendritic) neuron model.

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Planimeter

A planimeter, also known as a platometer, is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary two-dimensional shape.

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Planisphere

In astronomy, a planisphere is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. Analog computer and planisphere are analog computers.

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Plotter

A plotter is a machine that produces vector graphics drawings.

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Polynomial

In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and exponentiation to nonnegative integer powers, and has a finite number of terms.

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Potentiometer

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider.

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Power supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.

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Princeton, New Jersey

Princeton is a borough in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

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Project Cyclone

Project Cyclone was a 20-year initiative of the US Office of Naval Research that lasted from 1946 to the mid-1960s.

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Protective relay

In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a relay device designed to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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Rangekeeper

Rangekeepers were electromechanical fire control computers used primarily during the early part of the 20th century. Analog computer and Rangekeeper are analog computers.

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Real-time computing

Real-time computing (RTC) is the computer science term for hardware and software systems subject to a "real-time constraint", for example from event to system response.

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Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Scanimate

Scanimate is an analog computer animation (video synthesizer) system developed from the late 1960s to the 1980s by Computer Image Corporation of Denver, Colorado.

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Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.

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Scotch yoke

The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism) is a reciprocating motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or vice versa.

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Sector (instrument)

The sector, also known as a sector rule, proportional compass, or military compass, was a major calculating instrument in use from the end of the sixteenth century until the nineteenth century.

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Signal

Signal refers to both the process and the result of transmission of data over some media accomplished by embedding some variation.

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Slide rule

A slide rule is a hand-operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable rulers for evaluating mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, exponents, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. Analog computer and slide rule are analog computers.

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Spaghetti

Spaghetti is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.

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Spaghetti sort

Spaghetti sort is a linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items, introduced by A. K. Dewdney in his Scientific American column.

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Spherical astronomy

Spherical astronomy, or positional astronomy, is a branch of observational astronomy used to locate astronomical objects on the celestial sphere, as seen at a particular date, time, and location on Earth.

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Spiking neural network

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are artificial neural networks (ANN) that more closely mimic natural neural networks.

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Spring (device)

A spring is a device consisting of an elastic but largely rigid material (typically metal) bent or molded into a form (especially a coil) that can return into shape after being compressed or extended.

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Synthetic-aperture radar

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar that is used to create two-dimensional images or three-dimensional reconstructions of objects, such as landscapes.

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Temperature coefficient

A temperature coefficient describes the relative change of a physical property that is associated with a given change in temperature.

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Tide-predicting machine

A tide-predicting machine was a special-purpose mechanical analog computer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, constructed and set up to predict the ebb and flow of sea tides and the irregular variations in their heights – which change in mixtures of rhythms, that never (in the aggregate) repeat themselves exactly. Analog computer and tide-predicting machine are analog computers.

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Torpedo Data Computer

The Torpedo Data Computer (TDC) was an early electromechanical analog computer used for torpedo fire-control on American submarines during World War II. Analog computer and torpedo Data Computer are analog computers.

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Torque amplifier

A torque amplifier is a mechanical device that amplifies the torque of a rotating shaft without affecting its rotational speed.

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Torquetum

The torquetum or turquet is a medieval astronomical instrument designed by persons unknown to take and convert measurements made in three sets of coordinates: horizon, equatorial, and ecliptic.

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Transcendental function

In mathematics, a transcendental function is an analytic function that does not satisfy a polynomial equation, in contrast to an algebraic function.

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V-2 rocket

The V2 (lit), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

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Vannevar Bush

Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during World War II headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including important developments in radar and the initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer

Also known as Analog computation, Analog computers, Analog computing, Analogue Computer, Analogue Computers, Electronic analog computer, Electronic analogue computer, List of analog computers.

, Digital signal, Digital-to-analog converter, Dioptra, Director (military), Division (mathematics), Dumaresq, Dynamical system, E6B, Elastic pendulum, Electrical connector, Electrical network, Electronic Associates, Embedded system, Engineer, Exponentiation, FERMIAC, Field-programmable analog array, Figure of merit, Filter (signal processing), Fire-control system, Flight computer, Flight simulator, Flight training, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Function (mathematics), Function generator, General Electric, General purpose analog computer, Gibbs phenomenon, Giovanni Plana, Gravity of Earth, Gun data computer, Gyroscope, Harmonic oscillator, Harrier jump jet, Heathkit, Hellenistic period, Helmut Hölzer, Hipparchus, History of logarithms, Hooke's law, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hybrid computer, Hydraulic analogy, Hydraulics, Imperial Russian Navy, Inductor, Industrial process control, Integral, Integrator, International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science, Ishiguro Storm Surge Computer, James Thomson (engineer), Johan van Veen, John Saumarez Dumaresq, Kerrison Predictor, Kythira, Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Librascope, Lockheed Corporation, Logarithm, Lord Kelvin, Lotfernrohr 7, Mark I Fire Control Computer, Martin Marietta, Matra, Mechanical computer, Mechanical watch, Mechanics, Memory, Microelectronics, Modulation, Multiplication, NASA, Network analyzer (AC power), Neural network (machine learning), Neuromorphic engineering, Noise (electronics), Noise floor, Nomogram, Nonlinear system, Norden bombsight, Numerical method, Numerical stability, Operational amplifier, Orrery, Oscilloscope, Output device, Patch panel, Peenemünde Army Research Center, Perpetual calendar, Phillips Machine, Physical neural network, Planimeter, Planisphere, Plotter, Polynomial, Potentiometer, Power supply, Princeton, New Jersey, Project Cyclone, Protective relay, Ptolemy, Rangekeeper, Real-time computing, Resistor, Royal Navy, Scanimate, Scientific modelling, Scotch yoke, Sector (instrument), Signal, Slide rule, Space Shuttle, Spaghetti, Spaghetti sort, Spherical astronomy, Spiking neural network, Spring (device), Synthetic-aperture radar, Temperature coefficient, Tide-predicting machine, Torpedo Data Computer, Torque amplifier, Torquetum, Transcendental function, V-2 rocket, Vannevar Bush, Very-large-scale integration, Vickers range clock, Voltage regulator, Voltmeter, Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument, VTOL, Water integrator, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, World War I, World War II.

Analog computer, the Glossary

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