Analogy, the Glossary
Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share.[1]
Table of Contents
186 relations: Abductive reasoning, Abstraction, Allegory, Analog computer, Analog ear, Analogia entis, Analogia iuris, Analogia legis, Anatomy, Apophatic theology, Argument, Argument from analogy, Argumentum a fortiori, Argumentum e contrario, Aristotle, Artificial intelligence, Association (psychology), Association of Christian Philosophers of India, Atom, Bernard of Clairvaux, Bijection, Bohr model, Boicho Kokinov, Cajetan, Case law, Case-based reasoning, Casuistry, Category theory, Charles Sanders Peirce, Christianity, Cistercians, Civil law (legal system), Classical antiquity, Cognition, Cognitive linguistics, Cognitive science, Coherence theory of truth, Common law, Common sense, Commonsense reasoning, Communication, Comparative method, Comparison (grammar), Complex number, Computer hardware, Computer science, Conceptual blending, Conceptual metaphor, Conceptualization (information science), Convergent evolution, ... Expand index (136 more) »
- Conceptual modelling
- Philosophical arguments
Abductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning (also called abduction,For example: abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations.
See Analogy and Abductive reasoning
Abstraction
Abstraction is a process wherein general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal (real or concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods.
Allegory
As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.
Analog computer
An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities (analog signals) to model the problem being solved.
See Analogy and Analog computer
Analog ear
An analog ear or analog cochlea is a model of the ear or of the cochlea (in the inner ear) based on an electrical, electronic or mechanical analog.
Analogia entis
The analogia entis (Latin for "analogy of being") is the philosophical claim that the class of relationship of the "being" of created things and the "being" of God is one of "analogy", and also the theological and devotional ramifications of this.
See Analogy and Analogia entis
Analogia iuris
Analogia iuris is a method of statutory interpretation in which gaps in existing law are filled by reference to overarching principles of law.
See Analogy and Analogia iuris
Analogia legis
Analogia legis, also known as statutory analogy or analogy from statute, is a method of statutory interpretation in which the legal principle applicable to a fact pattern not covered by a legal norm is determined by analogy to a norm that governs a comparable situation.
See Analogy and Analogia legis
Anatomy
Anatomy is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts.
Apophatic theology
Apophatic theology, also known as negative theology, is a form of theological thinking and religious practice which attempts to approach God, the Divine, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God.
See Analogy and Apophatic theology
Argument
An argument is a series of sentences, statements, or propositions some of which are called premises and one is the conclusion.
Argument from analogy
Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, where perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has not been observed yet. Analogy and argument from analogy are philosophical arguments.
See Analogy and Argument from analogy
Argumentum a fortiori
Argumentum a fortiori (literally "argument from the stronger ") is a form of argumentation that draws upon existing confidence in a proposition to argue in favor of a second proposition that is held to be implicit in, and even more certain than, the first.
See Analogy and Argumentum a fortiori
Argumentum e contrario
In logic, an argumentum e contrario (Latin: 'argument from the contrary'; also a contrario or ex contrario), also known as appeal from the contrary, denotes any proposition that is argued to be correct because it is not disproven by a certain case.
See Analogy and Argumentum e contrario
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.
See Analogy and Artificial intelligence
Association (psychology)
Association in psychology refers to a mental connection between concepts, events, or mental states that usually stems from specific experiences.
See Analogy and Association (psychology)
Association of Christian Philosophers of India
The Association of Christian Philosophers of India (ACPI) was founded in 1976 in Aluva, Kerala, India, inspired by Dr Richard De Smet, SJ, and initiated by Dr Albert Nambiaparambil, CMI.
See Analogy and Association of Christian Philosophers of India
Atom
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.
See Analogy and Atom
Bernard of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. (Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order.
See Analogy and Bernard of Clairvaux
Bijection
A bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence between two mathematical sets is a function such that each element of the first set (the domain) is mapped to exactly one element of the second set (the codomain).
Bohr model
In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model is an obsolete model of the atom, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913.
Boicho Kokinov
Boicho Kokinov (Бойчо Кокинов, 27 December 1960 – 10 May 2013) was an associate professor in cognitive science and computer science at the New Bulgarian University and the director of the Central and East European Center for Cognitive Science.
See Analogy and Boicho Kokinov
Cajetan
Cajetan and Kajetan is the Anglicized, Germanized and Slavicized form of the Italian given name Gaetano.
Case law
Case law, also used interchangeably with common law, is a law that is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations.
Case-based reasoning
In artificial intelligence and philosophy, case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems.
See Analogy and Case-based reasoning
Casuistry
In ethics, casuistry is a process of reasoning that seeks to resolve moral problems by extracting or extending abstract rules from a particular case, and reapplying those rules to new instances.
Category theory
Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations.
See Analogy and Category theory
Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
See Analogy and Charles Sanders Peirce
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Cistercians
The Cistercians, officially the Order of Cistercians ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contributions of the highly-influential Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the Latin Rule.
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Analogy and Civil law (legal system)
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
See Analogy and Classical antiquity
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics.
See Analogy and Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.
See Analogy and Cognitive science
Coherence theory of truth
Coherence theories of truth characterize truth as a property of whole systems of propositions that can be ascribed to individual propositions only derivatively according to their coherence with the whole.
See Analogy and Coherence theory of truth
Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions.
Common sense
Common sense is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument".
Commonsense reasoning
In artificial intelligence (AI), commonsense reasoning is a human-like ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations humans encounter every day.
See Analogy and Commonsense reasoning
Communication
Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.
Comparative method
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor.
See Analogy and Comparative method
Comparison (grammar)
Comparison is a feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are rendered in an inflected or periphrastic way to indicate a comparative degree, property, quality, or quantity of a corresponding word, phrase, or clause.
See Analogy and Comparison (grammar)
Complex number
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted, called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^.
See Analogy and Complex number
Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case.
See Analogy and Computer hardware
Computer science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.
See Analogy and Computer science
Conceptual blending
In cognitive linguistics and artificial intelligence, conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner.
See Analogy and Conceptual blending
In cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor, or cognitive metaphor, refers to the understanding of one idea, or conceptual domain, in terms of another.
See Analogy and Conceptual metaphor
Conceptualization (information science)
In information science a conceptualization is an abstract simplified view of some selected part of the world, containing the objects, concepts, and other entities that are presumed of interest for some particular purpose and the relationships between them.
See Analogy and Conceptualization (information science)
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time.
See Analogy and Convergent evolution
Conversation theory
Conversation theory is a cybernetic approach to the study of conversation, cognition and learning that may occur between two participants who are engaged in conversation with each other.
See Analogy and Conversation theory
Cosmology
Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.
Creativity
Creativity is the ability to form novel and valuable ideas or works using the imagination.
Critique of Judgment
The Critique of Judgment (Kritik der Urteilskraft), also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment, is a 1790 book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant.
See Analogy and Critique of Judgment
Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options.
See Analogy and Decision-making
Dedre Gentner
Dedre Dariel Gentner (born 1944) is an American cognitive and developmental psychologist.
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences.
See Analogy and Deductive reasoning
Derek H. Sleeman
Derek H. Sleeman is emeritus professor of computing science at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland (since 2008), and visiting professor, in the School of Medicine and the University of Glasgow (since 2009).
See Analogy and Derek H. Sleeman
Douglas Hofstadter
Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American cognitive and computer scientist whose research includes concepts such as the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, strange loops, artificial intelligence, and discovery in mathematics and physics.
See Analogy and Douglas Hofstadter
Duck test
The duck test is a frequently cited colloquial example of abductive reasoning.
E. Jennifer Ashworth
Earline Jennifer Ashworth was a Canadian philosopher and Distinguished Professor Emerita of Philosophy at the University of Waterloo.
See Analogy and E. Jennifer Ashworth
Emotion
Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.
Empirical evidence
Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure.
See Analogy and Empirical evidence
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Analogy and English language
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Explanation
An explanation is a set of statements usually constructed to describe a set of facts that clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those facts.
Extension (semantics)
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question. Analogy and extension (semantics) are semantics.
See Analogy and Extension (semantics)
Face perception
Facial perception is an individual's understanding and interpretation of the face.
See Analogy and Face perception
Facial recognition system
A facial recognition system is a technology potentially capable of matching a human face from a digital image or a video frame against a database of faces.
See Analogy and Facial recognition system
Field (mathematics)
In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined and behave as the corresponding operations on rational and real numbers.
See Analogy and Field (mathematics)
Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a rhetorical or intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.
See Analogy and Figure of speech
Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.
See Analogy and Fiqh
Firmware
In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware.
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, 1st Lord Verulam, PC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.
Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.
Generalization
A generalization is a form of abstraction whereby common properties of specific instances are formulated as general concepts or claims.
See Analogy and Generalization
Generative grammar
Generative grammar is a research tradition in linguistics that aims to explain the cognitive basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge.
See Analogy and Generative grammar
God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
See Analogy and God
Gordon Pask
Andrew Gordon Speedie Pask (28 June 1928 – 29 March 1996) was a British cybernetician, inventor and polymath who made multiple contributions to cybernetics, educational psychology, educational technology, applied episteomology, chemical computing, architecture, and systems art.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Analogy and Greek language
Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.
See Analogy and Homology (biology)
Homology (mathematics)
In mathematics, homology is a general way of associating a sequence of algebraic objects, such as abelian groups or modules, with other mathematical objects such as topological spaces.
See Analogy and Homology (mathematics)
Homomorphism
In algebra, a homomorphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type (such as two groups, two rings, or two vector spaces).
Homonym
In linguistics, homonyms are words which are either homographs—words that have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation)—or homophones—words that have the same pronunciation (regardless of spelling)—or both.
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans.
Hydraulic analogy
Electronic-hydraulic analogies are the representation of electronic circuits by hydraulic circuits.
See Analogy and Hydraulic analogy
Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a specific instance of it (hyponym).
See Analogy and Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypocatastasis
Hypocatastasis is a figure of speech that declares or implies a resemblance, representation or comparison.
See Analogy and Hypocatastasis
I know it when I see it
The phrase "I know it when I see it" is a colloquial expression by which a speaker attempts to categorize an observable fact or event, although the category is subjective or lacks clearly defined parameters.
See Analogy and I know it when I see it
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya (ٱبْن تَيْمِيَّة; 22 January 1263 – 26 September 1328)Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam.
Iconicity
In functional-cognitive linguistics, as well as in semiotics, iconicity is the conceived similarity or analogy between the form of a sign (linguistic or otherwise) and its meaning, as opposed to arbitrariness (which is typically assumed in structuralist, formalist and generative approaches to linguistics).
Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that usually presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase.
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Impartiality
Impartiality (also called evenhandedness or fair-mindedness) is a principle of justice holding that decisions should be based on objective criteria, rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring the benefit to one person over another for improper reasons.
Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning is any of various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations.
See Analogy and Inductive reasoning
Inference
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Analogy and Inference are semantics.
Information
Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform.
Insect
Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.
Intuitive statistics
Intuitive statistics, or folk statistics, is the cognitive phenomenon where organisms use data to make generalizations and predictions about the world.
See Analogy and Intuitive statistics
Invention
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process.
Isomorphism
In mathematics, an isomorphism is a structure-preserving mapping between two structures of the same type that can be reversed by an inverse mapping.
James F. Ross
James Francis Ross (October 9, 1931 – July 12, 2010) was an American philosopher of religion, law, metaphysics and philosophy of mind.
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant.
See Analogy and John Stuart Mill
Keith Holyoak
Keith James Holyoak (born January 16, 1950) is a Canadian–American researcher in cognitive psychology and cognitive science, working on human thinking and reasoning.
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR, KR&R, KR²) is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language.
See Analogy and Knowledge representation and reasoning
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
See Analogy and Law
Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape.
See Analogy and Leg
Lexical definition
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, is the definition closely matching the meaning of the term in common usage.
See Analogy and Lexical definition
Like
In English, the word like has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard.
See Analogy and Like
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
Logic in Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a "novel approach to logic" (منطق manṭiq "speech, eloquence") in Kalam (Islamic scholasticism).
See Analogy and Logic in Islamic philosophy
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence.
Map (mathematics)
In mathematics, a map or mapping is a function in its general sense.
See Analogy and Map (mathematics)
Mark Keane (cognitive scientist)
Mark Thomas Gerard Keane (Irish: Marcus Ó Cathain, born 3 July 1961, Dublin, Ireland) is a cognitive scientist and author of several books on human cognition and artificial intelligence, including Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook (8 editions, with Michael Eysenck), Advances in the Psychology of Thinking (1992, with Ken Gilhooly), Novice Programming Environments (1992/2018, with Marc Eisenstadt and Tim Rajan), Advances in Case-Based Reasoning (1995, with J-P Haton and Michel Manago)., Case-Based Reasoning: Research & Development (2022, with N Wiratunga).
See Analogy and Mark Keane (cognitive scientist)
Mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.
Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.
Message
A message is a discrete unit of communication intended by the source for consumption by some recipient or group of recipients.
A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another.
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.
Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept. Analogy and Metonymy are semantics.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Moral particularism
Moral particularism is a theory in meta-ethics that runs counter to the idea that moral actions can be determined by applying universal moral principles.
See Analogy and Moral particularism
Morality
Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).
Morphological leveling
In linguistics, morphological leveling or paradigm leveling is the generalization of an inflection across a linguistic paradigm, a group of forms with the same stem in which each form corresponds in usage to different syntactic environments, or between words.
See Analogy and Morphological leveling
Natural transformation
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a natural transformation provides a way of transforming one functor into another while respecting the internal structure (i.e., the composition of morphisms) of the categories involved.
See Analogy and Natural transformation
Neogrammarian
The Neogrammarians were a German school of linguists, originally at the University of Leipzig, in the late 19th century who proposed the Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change.
Neologism
In linguistics, a neologism (also known as a coinage) is any newly formed word, term, or phrase that nevertheless has achieved popular or institutional recognition and is becoming accepted into mainstream language.
Neural network (machine learning)
In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains.
See Analogy and Neural network (machine learning)
Nicomachean Ethics
The Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is among Aristotle's best-known works on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim.
See Analogy and Nicomachean Ethics
Niels Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
Ordered pair
In mathematics, an ordered pair (a, b) is a pair of objects.
Ordinary language philosophy
Ordinary language philosophy (OLP) is a philosophical methodology that sees traditional philosophical problems as rooted in misunderstandings philosophers develop by distorting or forgetting how words are ordinarily used to convey meaning in non-philosophical contexts.
See Analogy and Ordinary language philosophy
Parable
A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, that illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles.
Paul Thagard
Paul Richard Thagard (born 1950) is a Canadian philosopher who specializes in cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of science and medicine.
Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.
Phillips Machine
Phillips Machine in the Science Museum, London The Phillips Machine, also known as the MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer), Phillips Hydraulic Computer and the Financephalograph, is an analogue computer which uses fluidic logic to model the workings of an economy.
See Analogy and Phillips Machine
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Polysemy
Polysemy is the capacity for a sign (e.g. a symbol, a morpheme, a word, or a phrase) to have multiple related meanings.
Precedent
Precedent is a principle or rule established in a legal case that becomes authoritative to a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar legal issues or facts.
Premise
A premise or premiss is a proposition—a true or false declarative statement—used in an argument to prove the truth of another proposition called the conclusion.
Preterite
The preterite or preterit (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (translit) are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (sharia).
See Analogy and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Private Eye Project
The Private Eye Project is a research-based educational program created by Kerry Ruef in 1988.
See Analogy and Private Eye Project
Probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur.
Problem solving
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities.
See Analogy and Problem solving
Productivity (linguistics)
In linguistics, productivity is the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.
See Analogy and Productivity (linguistics)
Proof (truth)
A proof is sufficient evidence or a sufficient argument for the truth of a proposition.
Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.
See Analogy and Proportionality (mathematics)
Prototype
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.
Proverb
A proverb (from proverbium) or an adage is a simple, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience.
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Role
A role (also rôle or social role) is a set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation.
See Analogy and Role
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
See Analogy and Rome
Rule of Faith
The rule of faith (κανών της πίστεως, regula fidei) is the name given to the ultimate authority in Christian belief or fundamental hermeneutic (interpretive) standard (e.g., for biblical interpretation.). It was used by Early Christian writers such as Tertullian.
Rutherford model
The Rutherford model was devised by Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom.
See Analogy and Rutherford model
SAT
The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States.
See Analogy and SAT
Scholasticism
Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.
Science
Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.
Semantic similarity
Semantic similarity is a metric defined over a set of documents or terms, where the idea of distance between items is based on the likeness of their meaning or semantic content as opposed to lexicographical similarity.
See Analogy and Semantic similarity
Semantics
Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning.
Sensemaking
Sensemaking or sense-making is the process by which people give meaning to their collective experiences.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
Similarity (philosophy)
In philosophy, similarity or resemblance is a relation between objects that constitutes how much these objects are alike.
See Analogy and Similarity (philosophy)
Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things.
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer.
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
Sources of law
Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory.
See Analogy and Sources of law
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.
See Analogy and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative body, a stage in the process of legislation.
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment.
See Analogy and Stimulus (physiology)
Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
See Analogy and Sun
Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas (Aquino; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.
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Thomas Cajetan
Thomas Cajetan, OP (20 February 14699 August 1534), also known as Gaetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508 to 1518, and cardinal from 1517 until his death.
See Analogy and Thomas Cajetan
Trinity
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three,, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence/substance/nature (homoousion).
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
Vaporware
In the computer industry, vaporware (or vapourware) is a product, typically computer hardware or software, that is announced to the general public but is late, never actually manufactured, or officially cancelled.
Vector space
In mathematics and physics, a vector space (also called a linear space) is a set whose elements, often called ''vectors'', can be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers called ''scalars''.
Verb
A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
See Analogy and Verb
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
William H. Wilson
William Henry Wilson (December 6, 1877 – August 11, 1937) was a Republican lawyer and member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
See Analogy and William H. Wilson
Wind tunnel
Wind tunnels are machines in which objects are held stationary inside a tube, and air is blown around it to study the interaction between the object and the moving air.
Zahiri school
The Ẓāhirī school (translit) or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence founded in the 9th century by Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age.
See also
Conceptual modelling
- Acceptability
- Analogy
- Barnlund's model of communication
- Concept map
- Conceptual design
- Conceptual framework
- Conceptual model
- Conceptual schema
- Economic model
- Ecopath
- Freedom and constraint topologies
- Imago Universi
- International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
- Interpretation (philosophy)
- Knowledge arena
- Knowledge space (philosophy)
- Mathematical model
- Mathematical modeling
- Models of communication
- Models of scientific inquiry
- Point of view (philosophy)
- Possible world
- Resilience (mathematics)
- SEQUAL framework
- Schramm's model of communication
- Scientific modelling
- Similitude
- Source–message–channel–receiver model of communication
- Terminology model
- Thought experiment
- Transient modelling
- Worldview
Philosophical arguments
- Analogy
- Analogy of the divided line
- Ancient Indian rhetoric
- Argument from analogy
- Argument from illusion
- Argument from marginal cases
- Arguments against the existence of God
- Arguments for the existence of God
- Benacerraf's identification problem
- Blockhead (thought experiment)
- Cartesian circle
- China brain
- Chinese room
- Consequence argument
- Creatio ex materia
- Eristic
- Evolutionary debunking
- Experience machine
- Fine-tuned universe
- Five Ways (Aquinas)
- Frankfurt cases
- Infinite regress
- Lazy argument
- Master argument
- Myth of Er
- Open-question argument
- Parable of the Invisible Gardener
- Paradigm case argument
- Pascal's wager
- Peritrope
- Philosophical zombie
- Private language argument
- Quine–Putnam indispensability argument
- Regress argument (epistemology)
- Replaceability argument
- Russell's teapot
- Slingshot argument
- Syllogism
- Thought experiment
- Transcendental arguments
- Turtles all the way down
- Wax argument
- Writing about music is like dancing about architecture
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy
Also known as Analagous, Analogical, Analogical argument, Analogical reasoning, Analogies, Analogies in artificial intelligence, Analogies in linguistics, Analogies in mathematics, Analogies in science, Analogous, Analogy (linguistics), Analogy in legal reasoning, Analogy symbolism, Artificial intelligence analogies, Mathematical analogy, Psychology of analogy, Reasoning by analogy, Scientific analogies, Structure mapping theory.
, Conversation theory, Cosmology, Creativity, Critique of Judgment, Decision-making, Dedre Gentner, Deductive reasoning, Derek H. Sleeman, Douglas Hofstadter, Duck test, E. Jennifer Ashworth, Emotion, Empirical evidence, English language, Evolution, Explanation, Extension (semantics), Face perception, Facial recognition system, Field (mathematics), Figure of speech, Fiqh, Firmware, Francis Bacon, Functor, Generalization, Generative grammar, God, Gordon Pask, Greek language, Homology (biology), Homology (mathematics), Homomorphism, Homonym, Humanities, Hydraulic analogy, Hypernymy and hyponymy, Hypocatastasis, I know it when I see it, Ibn Taymiyya, Iconicity, Idiom, Immanuel Kant, Impartiality, Inductive reasoning, Inference, Information, Insect, Intuitive statistics, Invention, Isomorphism, James F. Ross, John Stuart Mill, Keith Holyoak, Knowledge representation and reasoning, Language, Latin, Law, Leg, Lexical definition, Like, Linguistics, Logic in Islamic philosophy, Madhhab, Map (mathematics), Mark Keane (cognitive scientist), Mathematics, Memory, Message, Metaphor, Metaphysics, Metonymy, Middle Ages, Moral particularism, Morality, Morphological leveling, Natural transformation, Neogrammarian, Neologism, Neural network (machine learning), Nicomachean Ethics, Niels Bohr, Ordered pair, Ordinary language philosophy, Parable, Paul Thagard, Perception, Phillips Machine, Philosophy, Plato, Polysemy, Precedent, Premise, Preterite, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Private Eye Project, Probability, Problem solving, Productivity (linguistics), Proof (truth), Proportionality (mathematics), Prototype, Proverb, Psychology, Role, Rome, Rule of Faith, Rutherford model, SAT, Scholasticism, Science, Semantic similarity, Semantics, Sensemaking, Sharia, Similarity (philosophy), Simile, Software, Solar System, Sources of law, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Statute, Stimulus (physiology), Sun, Theology, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Cajetan, Trinity, United States, Vaporware, Vector space, Verb, Vertebrate, William H. Wilson, Wind tunnel, Zahiri school.