Andes, the Glossary
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.[1]
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458 relations: Ablation, Acamarachi, Aconcagua, Acotango, Agriculture, Alpaca, Alpamayo, Altiplano, Amazon basin, Amazonian Craton, Ambato, Ecuador, American Cordillera, Americas, Amphibian, Ancohuma, Andén, Andean civilizations, Andean cock-of-the-rock, Andean Community, Andean condor, Andean flicker, Andean foreland basins, Andean Geology, Andean goose, Andean orogeny, Andesite line, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Plate, Antarctica, Anti-imperialism, Antisana, Antisuyu, Antpitta, Apu (god), Aqueduct (water supply), Arequipa, Argentina, Arica, Armenia, Colombia, Artesonraju, Aruba, Asia, Asia–Pacific, Asphalt concrete, Atacama Desert, Aymara language, Azufral, Back-arc basin, Bariloche, Barquisimeto, ... Expand index (408 more) »
- Ecology of the Andes
- Mountain ranges of South America
- Physiographic divisions
- Regions of South America
Ablation
Ablation (ablatio – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping, erosive processes, or by other means.
Acamarachi
Acamarachi (also known as Pili) is a high volcano in northern Chile.
Aconcagua
Aconcagua is a mountain in the Principal Cordillera of the Andes mountain range, in Mendoza Province, Argentina.
Acotango
Acotango is the central and highest of a group of stratovolcanoes straddling the border of Bolivia and Chile.
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Alpaca
The alpaca (Lama pacos) is a species of South American camelid mammal.
See Andes and Alpaca
Alpamayo
Alpamayo (possibly from Quechua allpa earth, mayu river, "earth river") or Shuyturaju (possibly from Ancash Quechua huytu, shuytu oblong, slim and long, Quechua rahu snow, ice, mountain covered in snow) is one of the most conspicuous peaks in the Cordillera Blanca of the Peruvian Andes.
Altiplano
The Altiplano (Spanish for "high plain"), Collao (Quechua and Aymara: Qullaw, meaning "place of the Qulla") or Andean Plateau, in west-central South America, is the most extensive high plateau on Earth outside Tibet.
Amazon basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. Andes and Amazon basin are regions of South America.
Amazonian Craton
The Amazonian Craton is a geologic province located in South America.
See Andes and Amazonian Craton
Ambato, Ecuador
Ambato (full form, San Juan de Ambato; Quechua: Ampatu Llaqta) is a city located in the central Andean valley of Ecuador.
American Cordillera
The American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of the Americas. Andes and American Cordillera are mountain ranges of South America.
See Andes and American Cordillera
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.
Ancohuma
Ancohuma or Janq'u Uma (Aymara janq'u white, uma water, "white water", also spelled Janq'uma, other spellings, Jankho Uma, Jankhouma) is the third highest mountain in Bolivia (after Sajama and Illimani).
Andén
An andén (plural andenes), Spanish for "platform", is a stair-step like terrace dug into the slope of a hillside for agricultural purposes.
See Andes and Andén
Andean civilizations
The Andean civilizations were South American complex societies of many indigenous people.
See Andes and Andean civilizations
Andean cock-of-the-rock
The Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), also known as tunki (Quechua), is a large passerine bird of the cotinga family native to Andean cloud forests in South America.
See Andes and Andean cock-of-the-rock
Andean Community
The Andean Community (Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a free trade area with the objective of creating a customs union comprising the South American countries (Andean states) of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
See Andes and Andean Community
Andean condor
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a South American New World vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur.
Andean flicker
The Andean flicker (Colaptes rupicola) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae.
Andean foreland basins
The Andean foreland basins or Sub-Andean basins are a group of foreland basins located in the western half of South America immediately east of the Andes mountains.
See Andes and Andean foreland basins
Andean Geology
Andean Geology (formerly Revista Geológica de Chile) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published three times per year by the National Geology and Mining Service, Chile's geology and mining agency.
Andean goose
The Andean goose (Chloephaga melanoptera) is a species of waterfowl in tribe Tadornini of subfamily Anserinae.
Andean orogeny
The Andean orogeny (Orogenia andina) is an ongoing process of orogeny that began in the Early Jurassic and is responsible for the rise of the Andes mountains.
Andesite line
The andesite line is the most significant regional geologic distinction in the Pacific Ocean basin.
Antarctic Peninsula
The Antarctic Peninsula, known as O'Higgins Land in Chile and Tierra de San Martín in Argentina, and originally as Graham Land in the United Kingdom and the Palmer Peninsula in the United States, is the northernmost part of mainland Antarctica.
See Andes and Antarctic Peninsula
Antarctic Plate
The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau, and some remote islands in the Southern Ocean and other surrounding oceans.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.
Anti-imperialism
Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism.
See Andes and Anti-imperialism
Antisana
Antisana is a stratovolcano of the northern Andes, in Ecuador.
Antisuyu
Antisuyu (Antisuyo) was the eastern part of the Inca Empire which bordered on the modern-day Upper Amazon region which the Anti inhabited.
Antpitta
Grallariidae is a family of smallish suboscine passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America known as antpittas.
Apu (god)
In the ancient religion and mythology of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, an apu is the term used to describe the spirits of mountains and sometimes solitary rocks, typically displaying anthropomorphic features, that protect the local people.
Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.
See Andes and Aqueduct (water supply)
Arequipa
Arequipa (Aymara and Ariqipa), also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department.
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.
Arica
Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region.
See Andes and Arica
Armenia, Colombia
Armenia is the capital of Quindío Department in the South American country of Colombia.
See Andes and Armenia, Colombia
Artesonraju
Artesonraju is a pyramidal mountain peak located near the city of Caraz in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range in the Peruvian Andes.
Aruba
Aruba, officially the Country of Aruba (Land Aruba; Pais Aruba), is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, situated in the south of the Caribbean Sea.
See Andes and Aruba
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
See Andes and Asia
Asia–Pacific
The Asia–Pacific (APAC) is the region of the world adjoining the western Pacific Ocean. Andes and Asia–Pacific are regions of South America.
Asphalt concrete
Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams.
See Andes and Asphalt concrete
Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert (Desierto de Atacama) is a desert plateau located on the Pacific coast of South America, in the north of Chile.
Aymara language
Aymara (also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes.
Azufral
Azufral is a stratovolcano located in the department of Nariño in southern Colombia, west of the town of Túquerres.
Back-arc basin
A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries.
Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche, usually known as Bariloche, is a city in the province of Río Negro, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake.
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto (Watkisimeeta) is a city in Venezuela.
Biodiversity hotspot
A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation.
See Andes and Biodiversity hotspot
Biuletyn Peryglacjalny
Biuletyn Peryglacjalny was a scientific journal covering research on periglacial geomorphology.
See Andes and Biuletyn Peryglacjalny
Bogotá
Bogotá (also), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá during the Spanish Colonial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, and one of the largest cities in the world.
See Andes and Bogotá
Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.
Bonaire
Bonaire (Papiamento) is a Caribbean island in the Leeward Antilles, and is a special municipality (officially "public body") of the Netherlands.
Bucaramanga
Bucaramanga is the capital and largest city of the department of Santander, Colombia.
Cañari
The Cañari (in Kichwa: Kañari) are an indigenous ethnic group traditionally inhabiting the territory of the modern provinces of Azuay and Cañar in Ecuador.
See Andes and Cañari
Cabaray
Cabaraya is a stratovolcano in Bolivia.
Cajamarca
Cajamarca, also known by the Quechua name, Kashamarka, is the capital and largest city of the Cajamarca Region as well as an important cultural and commercial center in the northern Andes.
Calama, Chile
Calama is a city and commune in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile.
Calc-alkaline magma series
The calc-alkaline magma series is one of two main subdivisions of the subalkaline magma series, the other subalkaline magma series being the tholeiitic series.
See Andes and Calc-alkaline magma series
Cali
Santiago de Cali, or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with 2,280,522 residents estimate by DANE in 2023.
See Andes and Cali
Camel
A camel (from camelus and κάμηλος from Ancient Semitic: gāmāl) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.
See Andes and Camel
Cape Horn
Cape Horn (Cabo de Hornos) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island.
Caracas
Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas (CCS), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas).
Caribbean
The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.
Caribbean Plate
The Caribbean Plate is a mostly oceanic tectonic plate underlying Central America and the Caribbean Sea off the northern coast of South America.
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
Carnicero
Carnicero is an occupational surname literally meaning butcher, slaughterer in Spanish.
Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in color, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia.
See Andes and Carrot
Cayambe (volcano)
Cayambe or Volcán Cayambe is a volcano in Ecuador, in the Cordillera Central, a range of the Ecuadorian Andes.
See Andes and Cayambe (volcano)
Cúcuta
Cúcuta, officially San José de Cúcuta, is a Colombian municipality, capital of the department of Norte de Santander and nucleus of the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta.
See Andes and Cúcuta
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.
Central Chile
Central Chile (Zona central) is one of the five natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950.
Cerro Bayo Complex
Cerro Bayo is a complex volcano on the northern part border between Argentina and Chile.
See Andes and Cerro Bayo Complex
Cerro Bonete
Cerro Bonete is a mountain in the north of the province of La Rioja, Argentina, near the provincial border with Catamarca.
Cerro Castillo Dynevor
Cerro Castillo Dynevor, also known as Castillo Dynevor is located on the northwest coast of Skyring Sound, in Magallanes Region, Chile.
See Andes and Cerro Castillo Dynevor
Cerro de Pasco
Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru, located at the top of the Andean Mountains.
Cerro del Nacimiento
Cerro del Nacimiento is an Andean volcano of the Cordillera de la Ramada range, in the Catamarca Province of Argentina.
See Andes and Cerro del Nacimiento
Cerro Escorial
Cerro Escorial is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile.
Cerro Macá
Cerro Macá is a stratovolcano located to the north of the Aisén Fjord and to the east of the Moraleda Channel, in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile.
Cerro Negro de Mayasquer
Cerro Negro de Mayasquer is a volcano on the border of Colombia and Ecuador.
See Andes and Cerro Negro de Mayasquer
Cerro Rico
Cerro Rico (Spanish for "Rich Mountain"), Cerro Potosí ("Potosí Mountain") or Sumaq Urqu (Quechua sumaq "beautiful, good, pleasant", urqu "mountain", "beautiful (good or pleasant) mountain"), is a mountain in the Andes near the Bolivian city of Potosí.
Chacaltaya
Chacaltaya (Mollo language for "bridge of winds" or "winds meeting point", Aymara for "cold road") is a mountain in the Cordillera Real, one of the mountain ranges of the Cordillera Oriental, itself a range of the Bolivian Andes.
Chachapoya culture
The Chachapoyas, also called the "Warriors of the Clouds", was a culture of the Andes living in the cloud forests of the southern part of the Department of Amazonas of present-day Peru.
See Andes and Chachapoya culture
Chaco War
The Chaco War (Guerra del Chaco, Cháko Ñorairõ. Secretaría Nacional de Cultura de Paraguay) was fought from 1932 to 1935 between Bolivia and Paraguay, over the control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region (known in Spanish as Chaco Boreal) of South America, which was thought to be rich in oil.
Chicha
Chicha is a fermented (alcoholic) or non-fermented beverage of Latin America, emerging from the Andes and Amazonia regions.
See Andes and Chicha
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.
See Andes and Chile
Chilean Army
The Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces.
Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces.
Chiles (volcano)
Chiles is a volcano on the border of Colombia and Ecuador.
See Andes and Chiles (volcano)
Chimborazo
Chimborazo is an inactive stratovolcano situated in Ecuador in the Cordillera Occidental range of the Andes.
Chinchilla
Chinchillas are either of two species (Chinchilla chinchilla and Chinchilla lanigera) of crepuscular rodents of the parvorder Caviomorpha, and are native to the Andes mountains in South America.
Chumpe (Cusco)
Chumpe (possibly from Quechua chumpi: belt), Jatunriti, Ñanaloma or Yanaloma is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru with of elevation.
Chuquicamata
Chuquicamata (referred to as Chuqui for short) is the largest open pit copper mine in terms of excavated volume in the world.
Cinchona pubescens
Cinchona pubescens, also known as red cinchona and quina (Kina) (Cascarilla, cinchona; quina-do-amazonas, quineira), is native to Central and South America.
See Andes and Cinchona pubescens
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.
See Andes and Civil engineering
Cloud forest
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level, formally described in the International Cloud Atlas (2017) as silvagenitus.
Coca
Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.
See Andes and Coca
Cocaine
Cocaine (from, from, ultimately from Quechua: kúka) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
Cochabamba
Cochabamba (Quchapampa; Quchapampa) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range.
Coffee
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans.
See Andes and Coffee
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.
Conquistador
Conquistadors or conquistadores (lit 'conquerors') was a term used to refer to Spanish and Portuguese colonialists of the early modern period.
Continental fragment
Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.
See Andes and Continental fragment
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
See Andes and Copper
Corazón (volcano)
Corazón (Spanish: "heart") is an inactive, eroded stratovolcano of Ecuador, situated about 30 km southwest of Quito in the western slopes of the Andes.
See Andes and Corazón (volcano)
Cordón del Azufre
Cordón del Azufre is an inactive complex volcano located in the Central Andes, at the border of Argentina and Chile.
See Andes and Cordón del Azufre
Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas.
Cordillera Paine
The Cordillera Paine is a mountain group in Torres del Paine National Park in Chilean Patagonia.
See Andes and Cordillera Paine
Coropuna
Coropuna is a dormant compound volcano located in the Andes mountains of southeast-central Peru.
Cotopaxi
Cotopaxi is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, located near Latacunga city of Cotopaxi Province, about south of Quito, and northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador.
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
See Andes and Cotton
Cougar
The cougar (Puma concolor) (KOO-gər), also known as the panther, mountain lion, catamount and puma, is a large cat native to the Americas.
See Andes and Cougar
Craton
A craton (or; from κράτος "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle.
See Andes and Craton
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal or a plant to avoid observation or detection by other animals.
Cuenca, Ecuador
Cuenca, officially Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca, is an Ecuadorian city, head of the canton of the same name and capital of the province of Azuay, as well as its largest and most populated city.
Cumbal Volcano
Cumbal is a stratovolcano of the Caribe Terrane, located at the Nudo de los Pastos in Nariño, Colombia.
Curaçao
Curaçao (or, or, Papiamentu), officially the Country of Curaçao (Land Curaçao; Papiamentu: Pais Kòrsou), is a Lesser Antilles island in the southern Caribbean Sea, specifically the Dutch Caribbean region, about north of Venezuela.
Cusco
Cusco or Cuzco (Qusqu or Qosqo) is a city in southeastern Peru near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river.
See Andes and Cusco
Darwin's rhea
Darwin's rhea or the lesser rhea (Rhea pennata) is a large flightless bird, the smaller of the two extant species of rheas.
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
Deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
Depression (geology)
In geology, a depression is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.
See Andes and Depression (geology)
Deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
See Andes and Deserts and xeric shrublands
Diademed sandpiper-plover
The diademed sandpiper-plover or diademed plover (Phegornis mitchellii) is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Charadriinae of family Charadriidae.
See Andes and Diademed sandpiper-plover
Diuca finch
The diuca finch (Diuca diuca) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae.
Doña Juana
Doña Juana (Volcán Doña Juana) is a stratovolcano, located within the Doña Juana-Cascabel Volcanic Complex National Natural Park (Parque Nacional Natural Complejo Volcánico Doña Juana-Cascabel) in Nariño, Colombia.
Domestication
Domestication is a multi-generational mutualistic relationship in which an animal species, such as humans or leafcutter ants, takes over control and care of another species, such as sheep or fungi, to obtain from them a steady supply of resources, such as meat, milk, or labor.
Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine.
See Andes and Donkey
Drake Passage
The Drake Passage is the body of water between South America's Cape Horn, Chile, Argentina, and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica.
Dry Andes
Map of the climatic regions of the Andes. The Dry Andes are shown in yellow. The Tropical Andes are shown in green and the Wet Andes in dark blue. The Dry Andes (Andes áridos) is a climatic and glaciological subregion of the Andes. Andes and Dry Andes are ecology of the Andes.
Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa, is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge.
Duitama
Duitama is a city and municipality in the department of Boyacá.
Earth's rotation
Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space.
See Andes and Earth's rotation
Earthquake
An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
El Altar
El Altar or Capac Urcu (possibly from Kichwa kapak principal, great, important / magnificence, urku mountain) is an extinct volcano on the western side of Sangay National Park in Ecuador, south of Quito, with a highest point of.
El Alto
El Alto (Spanish for "The Heights") is the second-largest city in Bolivia, located adjacent to La Paz in Pedro Domingo Murillo Province on the Altiplano highlands.
Endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction.
See Andes and Endangered species
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species only being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
Equatorial bulge
An equatorial bulge is a difference between the equatorial and polar diameters of a planet, due to the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation about the body's axis.
See Andes and Equatorial bulge
Erosion
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.
Escondida
Escondida is a copper mine at elevation in the Atacama Desert in Antofagasta Region, Chile.
Extensional tectonics
Extensional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, the stretching of a planetary body's crust or lithosphere.
See Andes and Extensional tectonics
Falso Azufre
Falso Azufre is a complex volcano at the border of Argentina and Chile.
Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.
Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
Flamingo
Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes.
Fold (geology)
In structural geology, a fold is a stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved ("folded") during permanent deformation.
Fold and thrust belt
A fold and thrust belt (FTB) is a series of mountainous foothills adjacent to an orogenic belt, which forms due to contractional tectonics.
See Andes and Fold and thrust belt
Four-wheel drive
A four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously.
See Andes and Four-wheel drive
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos (– 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
See Andes and Francisco Pizarro
Galán
Cerro Galán is a caldera in the Catamarca Province of Argentina.
See Andes and Galán
Galeras
Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto.
Geology (journal)
Geology is a peer-reviewed publication of the Geological Society of America (GSA).
See Andes and Geology (journal)
Geositta
Geositta is a genus of passerine birds in the ovenbird family, Furnariidae.
Giant coot
The giant coot (Fulica gigantea) is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots.
Glacier ice accumulation
Glacier ice accumulation occurs through accumulation of snow and other frozen precipitation, as well as through other means including rime ice (freezing of water vapor on the glacier surface), avalanching from hanging glaciers on cliffs and mountainsides above, and re-freezing of glacier meltwater as superimposed ice.
See Andes and Glacier ice accumulation
Gondwana
Gondwana was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.
Gran Chaco
The Gran Chaco or Dry Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semiarid lowland tropical dry broadleaf forest natural region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region. Andes and Gran Chaco are regions of South America.
Guanaco
The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a camelid native to South America, closely related to the llama.
Herbal tea
Herbal teas, also known as herbal infusions and less commonly called tisanes (UK and US, US also), are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water; they do not usually contain any true tea (Camellia sinensis).
Highway
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land.
Hillstar
The hillstars are hummingbirds of the genus Oreotrochilus.
Hippocamelus
Hippocamelus is a genus of Cervidae, the deer family.
History of the Incas
The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern-day South America in Peru and Chile.
See Andes and History of the Incas
Huanca
The Huancas, Wancas, or Wankas are a Quechua people living in the Junín Region of central Peru, in and around the Mantaro Valley.
See Andes and Huanca
Huancayo
Huancayo (in Wankayu, '(place) with a (sacred) rock') is the capital of the Junín Region and Huancayo Province, in the central highlands of Peru, in the Mantaro Valley and is crossed by the Shullcas, Chilca and Mantaro rivers.
Huandoy
Huandoy (probably from Quechua wantuy, to transfer, to transpose, to carry, to carry a heavy load) or Tullparaju (possibly from Quechua tullpa rustic cooking-fire, stove, rahu snow, ice, mountain with snow) is a mountain located inside Huascarán National Park in Ancash, Peru.
Huaraz
Huaraz (from Quechua: Waraq or Waras, "dawn"), founded as San Sebastián de Huaraz, is a city in Peru.
See Andes and Huaraz
Huascarán
Huascarán (Quechua: Waskaran), Nevado Huascarán or Mataraju is a mountain located in Yungay Province, Department of Ancash, Peru.
Huayna Potosí
Huayna Potosí is a mountain in Bolivia, located near El Alto and about 25 km north of La Paz in the Cordillera Real.
Huaytapallana
Huaytapallana (possibly from in the Quechua spelling Waytapallana; wayta wild flower, a little bunch of flowers, pallay to collect, pallana an instrument to collect fruit / collectable, Waytapallana "a place where you collect wild flowers") or Lasuntay is the highest peak in the Huaytapallana mountain range in the Andes of Peru.
Huánuco
Huánuco (Wanuku) is a city in central Peru.
Hudson Volcano
Hudson Volcano (Volcán Hudson, Cerro Hudson, label) is a volcano in the rugged mountains of southern Chile.
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae.
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water,Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
See Andes and Hydrothermal circulation
Hypersaline lake
A hypersaline lake is a landlocked body of water that contains significant concentrations of sodium chloride, brines, and other salts, with saline levels surpassing those of ocean water (3.5%, i.e.). Specific microbial species can thrive in high-salinity environments that are inhospitable to most lifeforms, including some that are thought to contribute to the colour of pink lakes.
See Andes and Hypersaline lake
Ibagué
Ibagué (referred to as San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas during the Spanish period) is the capital of Tolima, one of the 32 departments that make up the Republic of Colombia.
See Andes and Ibagué
Ibarra, Ecuador
Ibarra (full name San Miguel de Ibarra; Quechua: Impapura) is a city in northern Ecuador and the capital of the Imbabura Province.
Igneous intrusion
In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.
See Andes and Igneous intrusion
Illampu
Illampu is the fourth highest mountain in Bolivia.
Illimani
Illimani is the highest mountain in the Cordillera Real (part of the Cordillera Oriental, a subrange of the Andes) of western Bolivia.
Illiniza
The Illinizas are a pair of volcanic mountains that are located in the north of Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador.
Imperialism
Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).
Inca Civil War
The Inca Civil War, also known as the Inca Dynastic War, the Inca War of Succession, or, sometimes, the War of the Two Brothers, was fought between half-brothers Huáscar and Atahualpa, sons of Huayna Capac, over succession to the throne of the Inca Empire.
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
Incahuasi
Incahuasi (possibly from Quechua: inka Inca, wasi house) is a volcanic mountain in the Andes of South America.
Interandean Valles
The term Interandean valles refers to those valleys located in the Andes mountains. Andes and Interandean Valles are regions of South America.
See Andes and Interandean Valles
Ipiales
Ipiales is a city and Catholic bishopric in Nariño Department, southern Colombia, near the border with Ecuador.
Iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.
Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.
Irruputuncu
Irruputuncu is a volcano in the commune of Pica, Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile, as well as San Pedro de Quemes Municipality, Nor Lípez Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia.
Jirishanca
Jirishanca.
Joseph Barclay Pentland
Joseph Barclay Pentland (17 January 1797 – 12 July 1873) was an Irish geographer, natural scientist, and traveller.
See Andes and Joseph Barclay Pentland
Journal of Geophysical Research
The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
See Andes and Journal of Geophysical Research
Journal of South American Earth Sciences
The Journal of South American Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.
See Andes and Journal of South American Earth Sciences
Juliaca
Juliaca (Quechua and Hullaqa) is the capital of San Román Province in the Puno Region of southeastern Peru.
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.
La Grita
La Grita is a town in the north west of Táchira state, Venezuela.
La Paz
La Paz, officially Nuestra Señora de La Paz, is the seat of government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia.
See Andes and La Paz
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (Lago Titicaca; Titiqaqa Qucha) is a large freshwater lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru.
Landlocked country
A landlocked country is a country that does not have any territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie solely on endorheic basins.
See Andes and Landlocked country
Laram Q'awa (Charaña)
Laram Q'awa (Aymara larama blue, q'awa little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, gap in the earth, "blue brook" or "blue ravine", Hispanicized spellings Laram Khaua, Larancagua) is a mountain in the Andes.
See Andes and Laram Q'awa (Charaña)
Las Heras Department
Las Heras is a department located in the north west of Mendoza Province in Argentina.
See Andes and Las Heras Department
Lastarria
Lastarria is a high stratovolcano that lies on the border between Chile and Argentina.
Latacunga
Latacunga (Quechua: Latakunga) is a plateau city of Ecuador, capital of the Cotopaxi Province, south of Quito, near the confluence of the Alaquez and Cutuchi rivers to form the Patate, the headstream of the Pastaza.
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Leeward Antilles
The Leeward Antilles (Benedenwindse Eilanden) are a chain of islands in the Caribbean – specifically the southerly islands of the Lesser Antilles (and, in turn, the Antilles and the West Indies) along the southeastern fringe of the Caribbean Sea, just north of the Venezuelan coast of the South American mainland.
See Andes and Leeward Antilles
Licancabur
Licancabur is a stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile, south of the Sairecabur volcano and west of Juriques.
Lima
Lima, founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (Spanish for "City of Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
See Andes and Lima
List of mountain ranges
This is a list of mountain ranges on Earth and a few other astronomical bodies.
See Andes and List of mountain ranges
Lithium
Lithium is a chemical element; it has symbol Li and atomic number 3.
Llama
The llama (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the pre-Columbian era.
See Andes and Llama
Llullaillaco
Llullaillaco is a dormant stratovolcano on the border between Argentina (Salta Province) and Chile (Antofagasta Region).
Loja, Ecuador
Loja, formerly Loxa and fully City of the Immaculate Conception of Loja (Ciudad de la Inmaculada Concepción de Loja), is the capital of Ecuador's Loja Province.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru on a mountain ridge.
Madre de Dios River
The Madre de Dios River is a river shared by Bolivia and Peru which is homonymous to the Peruvian region it runs through.
See Andes and Madre de Dios River
Magallanes Basin
The Magallanes Basin or Austral Basin is a major sedimentary basin in southern Patagonia.
See Andes and Magallanes Basin
Magma
Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.
See Andes and Magma
Maipo (volcano)
Maipo is a stratovolcano in the Andes, lying on the border between Argentina and Chile.
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
See Andes and Maize
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
See Andes and Mammal
Manizales
Manizales is a city in central Colombia.
Maracay
Maracay is a city in north-central Venezuela, near the Caribbean coast, and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua.
Marmolejo
Volcán Marmolejo is a high Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile.
Maule River
The Maule river or Río Maule (Mapudungun: rainy) is one of the most important rivers of Chile.
Mérida, Mérida
Mérida, officially known as Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida, is the capital of the municipality of Libertador and the state of Mérida, and is one of the main cities of the Venezuelan Andes.
Meat
Meat is animal tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food.
See Andes and Meat
Medellín
Medellín, officially the Special District of Science, Technology and Innovation of Medellín (Distrito Especial de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Medellín), is the second-largest city in Colombia after Bogotá, and the capital of the department of Antioquia.
Mendoza Province
Mendoza, officially Province of Mendoza, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region.
See Andes and Mendoza Province
Mendoza, Argentina
Mendoza, officially the City of Mendoza (Ciudad de Mendoza), is the capital of the province of Mendoza in Argentina.
See Andes and Mendoza, Argentina
Mercedario
Cerro Mercedario is the highest peak of the Cordillera de la Ramada range and the eighth-highest mountain of the Andes.
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.
See Andes and Metamorphic rock
Meteoric water
Meteoric water, derived from precipitation such as snow and rain, includes water from lakes, rivers, and ice melts, all of which indirectly originate from precipitation.
Michincha
Michincha is a stratovolcano on the border of Bolivia and Chile.
Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
Militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values.
Mineralization (geology)
In geology, mineralization is the deposition of economically important metals in the formation of ore bodies or "lodes" by various process.
See Andes and Mineralization (geology)
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth.
See Andes and Mining
Misti
Misti is a dormant volcano located in the Andes mountains in southern Peru, rising above Peru's second-largest city, Arequipa.
See Andes and Misti
Mixed-species foraging flock
A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging.
See Andes and Mixed-species foraging flock
Modern era
The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.
Monte Pissis
Monte Pissis is an extinct volcano on the border of the La Rioja and Catamarca provinces in Argentina, to the east of the Chilean border and about north of Aconcagua.
Monte San Valentín
Monte San Valentin, also known as Monte San Clemente, is the highest mountain in Chilean Patagonia and the highest mountain south of 37°S outside Antarctica.
See Andes and Monte San Valentín
Motor vehicle
A motor vehicle, also known as a motorized vehicle, automotive vehicle, '''automobile,''' or road vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails (such as trains or trams) and is used for the transportation of people or cargo.
Mount Darwin (Andes)
Mount Darwin is a peak in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego forming part of the Cordillera Darwin, the southernmost range of the Andes, just to the north of the Beagle Channel.
See Andes and Mount Darwin (Andes)
Mount Tarn
Mount Tarn is a small mountain located on the southernmost part of the Strait of Magellan, in Brunswick Peninsula, about 70 km south of Punta Arenas, Chile.
Mountain tapir
The mountain tapir, also known as the Andean tapir or woolly tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), is the smallest of the four widely recognized species of tapir.
Mountain toucan
Andigena, the mountain toucans, is a genus of birds in the family Ramphastidae.
Mule
The mule is a domestic equine hybrid between a donkey and a horse.
See Andes and Mule
Natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit.
Nazca Plate
The Nazca Plate or Nasca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America.
Neogene
The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago.
Nevado Anallajsi
Nevado Anallajsi is a stratovolcano in Bolivia.
See Andes and Nevado Anallajsi
Nevado de Santa Isabel
Nevado de Santa Isabel ("The Snowy of Saint Isabel") is a shield volcano straddling the boundaries of the Colombian departments of Tolima, Caldas, and Risaralda, being the highest point of the latter.
See Andes and Nevado de Santa Isabel
Nevado del Huila
Nevado del Huila at, is the highest volcano in Colombia, located at the tripoint of the departments of Huila, Tolima and Cauca.
See Andes and Nevado del Huila
Nevado del Quindío
The Nevado del Quindío, also known as Volcán Paramillo del Quindío or simply Paramillo del Quindío, is an inactive volcano located in the Central Cordillera of the Andes in central Colombia.
See Andes and Nevado del Quindío
Nevado del Ruiz
Nevado del Ruiz, also known as La Mesa de Herveo (Mesa of Herveo, the name of the nearby town) is a volcano on the border of the departments of Caldas and Tolima in Colombia, being the highest point of both.
Nevado del Tolima
The Nevado del Tolima is a Late Pleistocene to recently active andesitic stratovolcano located in the Tolima department, Colombia.
See Andes and Nevado del Tolima
Nevado Juncal
Nevado Juncal is a mountain at the border of Argentina and Chile, at the head of Aconcagua Val.
Nevado Sajama
Nevado Sajama is an extinct volcano and the highest peak in Bolivia.
Nevado Tres Cruces
Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile.
See Andes and Nevado Tres Cruces
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula.
Nitratine
Nitratine or nitratite, also known as cubic niter (UK: nitre), soda niter or Chile saltpeter (UK: Chile saltpetre), is a mineral, the naturally occurring form of sodium nitrate, NaNO3.
Nothoprocta
Nothoprocta is a genus of birds belonging to the tinamou family Tinamidae.
Oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates.
Ojos del Salado
Nevado Ojos del Salado is a dormant complex volcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border.
Olca
Olca is a stratovolcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia.
See Andes and Olca
Onion
An onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.
See Andes and Onion
Ore
Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals concentrated above background levels, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.
See Andes and Ore
Orinoco Basin
The Orinoco Basin is the part of South America drained by the Orinoco river and its tributaries.
Orocline
An orocline — from the Greek words for "mountain" and "to bend" — is a bend or curvature of an orogenic (mountain building) belt imposed after it was formed.
Orogeny
Orogeny is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin.
Oruro
Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation), about halfway between La Paz and Sucre in the Altiplano, approximately above sea level.
See Andes and Oruro
Ovenbird (family)
Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America.
See Andes and Ovenbird (family)
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
Pack animal
A pack animal, also known as a sumpter animal or beast of burden, is an individual or type of working animal used by humans as means of transporting materials by attaching them so their weight bears on the animal's back, in contrast to draft animals which pull loads but do not carry them.
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
Palmira, Valle del Cauca
Palmira is a city and municipality in southwestern Colombia in the Valle del Cauca Department, located about east from Cali, the department's capital and main city in the South of Colombia.
See Andes and Palmira, Valle del Cauca
Pampean orogeny
The Pampean orogeny (orogenia pampeana) was an orogeny active in the Cambrian in the western margin of the ancient landmass of Gondwana.
Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
Paquni
Paquni (Aymara paqu a kind of edible herb, -ni a suffix, "the one with the paqu herbs", Hispanicized spelling Pacuni) is a mountain in the Potosí Department of Bolivia.
See Andes and Paquni
Paraguay
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.
Parinacota (volcano)
Parinacota (in Hispanicized spelling), Parina Quta or Parinaquta is a dormant stratovolcano on the border of Bolivia and Chile.
See Andes and Parinacota (volcano)
Paruma
Paruma is a stratovolcano that lies on the border of Bolivia and Chile.
See Andes and Paruma
Paso Internacional Los Libertadores
The Paso Internacional Los Libertadores, also called Cristo Redentor, is a mountain pass in the Andes between Argentina and Chile.
See Andes and Paso Internacional Los Libertadores
Pasto, Colombia
Pasto, officially San Juan de Pasto ("Saint John of Pasto"), is the capital of the department of Nariño, in southern Colombia.
Pasture
Pasture (from the Latin pastus, past participle of pascere, "to feed") is land used for grazing.
Patagonia
Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.
Patilla Pata
Patilla Pata is a stratovolcano in the Oruro Department in Bolivia.
Pereira, Colombia
Pereira is the capital city of the Colombian department of Risaralda.
See Andes and Pereira, Colombia
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.
See Andes and Peru
Peru–Chile Trench
The Peru–Chile Trench, also known as the Atacama Trench, is an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about off the coast of Peru and Chile.
See Andes and Peru–Chile Trench
Phrygilus
Phrygilus is a genus of mainly Andean seed-eating tanagers commonly known as sierra finches.
Pichincha (volcano)
Pichincha is a stratovolcano in Ecuador.
See Andes and Pichincha (volcano)
Pico Bolívar
Pico Bolívar is the highest mountain in Venezuela, at 4,978 metres (16,332 ft).
Pico Bonpland
Pico Bonpland is Venezuela's fourth-highest peak, at 4,883 metres above sea level.
Pico El Águila
Pico El Águila or Collado del Cóndor is the milestone that stands at the highest elevation on the Venezuelan Transandean Highway (a branch of the Pan-American Highway) in the Cordillera de Mérida of Venezuela.
Pico El León
Pico El León is a mountain in the Andes of Venezuela.
Pico El Toro
Pico El Toro is a mountain in the Andes of Venezuela.
Pico Humboldt
Pico Humboldt is Venezuela's second highest peak, at 4,925 metres above sea level.
Pico La Concha
Pico La Concha is a mountain in the Andes of Venezuela.
Pico Mucuñuque
Pico Mucuñuque is a mountain in the Andes of Venezuela.
Pico Piedras Blancas
The Pico Piedras Blancas (also known as Misamán), at, is the highest mountain of the Sierra de la Culata range in the Mérida State, and the fifth-highest mountain in Venezuela.
See Andes and Pico Piedras Blancas
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.
Plateau
In geology and physical geography, a plateau (plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.
Polleras
Cerro Polleras is a mountain in the Andes at the border of Argentina and Chile with an elevation of metres.
Polylepis
Polylepis is a genus comprising 28 recognised shrub and tree species, that are endemic to the mid- and high-elevation regions of the tropical Andes.
Pomerape
Pomerape is a stratovolcano lying on the border of northern Chile and Bolivia (Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Curahuara de Carangas Municipality).
Popayán
Popayán is the capital of the Colombian department of Cauca.
Porphyry copper deposit
Porphyry copper deposits are copper ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids that originate from a voluminous magma chamber several kilometers below the deposit itself.
See Andes and Porphyry copper deposit
Port
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers.
See Andes and Port
Potato
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world.
See Andes and Potato
Potosí
Potosí, known as Villa Imperial de Potosí in the colonial period, is the capital city and a municipality of the Department of Potosí in Bolivia.
See Andes and Potosí
Precambrian Research
Precambrian Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the geology of the Earth and its planetary neighbors.
See Andes and Precambrian Research
Price revolution
The Price Revolution, sometimes known as the Spanish Price Revolution, was a series of economic events that occurred between the second half of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century, and most specifically linked to the high rate of inflation that occurred during this period across Western Europe.
See Andes and Price revolution
Proterozoic
The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.
Pumasillo
Pumasillo (possibly from Quechua puma cougar, puma, sillu claw, "puma claw") is a mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,991 m (19,656 ft) high.
Puno
Puno (Aymara and Punu) is a city in southeastern Peru, located on the shore of Lake Titicaca.
See Andes and Puno
Puracé
Puracé is an andesitic stratovolcano located in the Puracé National Natural Park in the Cauca Department, Colombia.
See Andes and Puracé
Quechuan languages
Quechua, also called Runasimi ('people's language') in Southern Quechua, is an indigenous language family that originated in central Peru and thereafter spread to other countries of the Andes.
See Andes and Quechuan languages
Quetzal
Quetzals are strikingly colored birds in the trogon family.
Quilotoa
Quilotoa is a water-filled crater lake and the most western volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes.
Quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis.
Quito
Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.
See Andes and Quito
Rail transport
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel rails.
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.
Rancagua
Rancagua is a city and commune in central Chile and part of the Rancagua conurbation.
Rasac
Rasac (possibly Quechua for toad) is a mountain in the Huayhuash mountain range in west central Peru, part of the Andes.
See Andes and Rasac
Río de la Plata
The Río de la Plata, also called the River Plate or La Plata River in English, is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River at Punta Gorda.
Reptile
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.
Reventador
Reventador is an active stratovolcano which lies in the eastern Andes of Ecuador.
Rift
In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.
See Andes and Rift
Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire (also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Rim of Fire, the Girdle of Fire or the Circum-Pacific belt) is a tectonic belt of volcanoes and earthquakes.
Riobamba
Riobamba (full name San Pedro de Riobamba; Quechua: Rispampa) is the capital of Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador, and is located in the Chambo River Valley of the Andes.
Road
A road is a thoroughfare for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians.
See Andes and Road
Rock glacier
Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms, consisting either of angular rock debris frozen in interstitial ice, former "true" glaciers overlain by a layer of talus, or something in-between.
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
See Andes and Rodent
Rondoy
Rondoy (possibly from Quechua runtuy: "to hail" or "to lay an egg") is a mountain in the north of the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru.
See Andes and Rondoy
Royal cinclodes
The royal cinclodes (Cinclodes aricomae) is a Critically Endangered passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae.
Salar de Atacama
Salar de Atacama, located south of San Pedro de Atacama, is the largest salt flat in Chile.
See Andes and Salar de Atacama
Salar de Uyuni
Salar de Uyuni (or "Salar de Tunupa") is the world's largest salt flat, or playa, at over in area.
Salcantay
Salcantay, Salkantay or Sallqantay (in Quechua) is the highest peak in the Vilcabamba mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes.
Salt
In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl).
See Andes and Salt
Salta
Salta is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name.
See Andes and Salta
San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Cristóbal is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira.
See Andes and San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca
San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca is the capital and largest city in Catamarca Province in northwestern Argentina, on the Río Valle River, at the feet of the Cerro Ambato.
See Andes and San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca
San José (volcano)
San José Volcano is the stratovolcano that gives its name to a massive volcanic group, at about from Santiago de Chile at the end of the Cajón del Maipo on the Chile-Argentina border.
See Andes and San José (volcano)
San Juan, Argentina
San Juan is the capital and largest city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the (over 500,000 in the metropolitan area).
See Andes and San Juan, Argentina
San Miguel de Tucumán
San Miguel de Tucumán, usually called simply Tucumán, is the capital and largest city of Tucumán Province, located in northern Argentina from Buenos Aires.
See Andes and San Miguel de Tucumán
San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy, commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina.
See Andes and San Salvador de Jujuy
Sangay
Sangay (also known as Macas, Sanagay, or Sangai) is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador.
See Andes and Sangay
Santiago
Santiago, also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas.
Sarapo
Sarapo is a mountain in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high.
See Andes and Sarapo
Scientific journal
In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication designed to further the progress of science by disseminating new research findings to the scientific community.
See Andes and Scientific journal
Scotia Plate
The Scotia Plate is a minor tectonic plate on the edge of the South Atlantic and Southern oceans.
Seamount
A seamount is a large submarine landform that rises from the ocean floor without reaching the water surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet, or cliff-rock.
Sedimentary basin
Sedimentary basins are region-scale depressions of the Earth's crust where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of sediments have accumulated to form a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rock.
See Andes and Sedimentary basin
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
See Andes and Sedimentary rock
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Sierra Nevada, also known as Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas, is a major ignimbrite-lava dome complex which lies in both Chile and Argentina in one of the most remote parts of the Central Andes.
See Andes and Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (English: Snow-Covered Mountain Range of Saint Martha) is an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia, separate from the Andes range that runs through the north of the country.
See Andes and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
The Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Chita or Guican National Natural Park (or Sierra Nevada de Chita or Sierra Nevada de Güicán, Parque Natural Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Chita o Guican is a national park and a series of highlands and glaciated peaks located within the Cordillera Oriental mountain range in the Andes Mountains of Colombia, at its easternmost point.
See Andes and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
Sierras de Córdoba
The Sierras de Córdoba is a mountain range in central Argentina, located between the Pampas to the east and south and the Chaco to the north and east.
See Andes and Sierras de Córdoba
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
See Andes and Silver
Siula Grande
Siula Grande is a mountain in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Peruvian Andes.
Snow line
The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface.
Socompa
Socompa is a large stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile with an elevation of metres.
Sogamoso
Sogamoso is a city in the department of Boyacá of Colombia.
Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
See Andes and Solar irradiance
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
South American fox
The South American foxes (Lycalopex), commonly called raposa in Portuguese, or zorro in Spanish, are a genus from South America of the subfamily Caninae.
See Andes and South American fox
South American Plate
The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
See Andes and South American Plate
Spanish American wars of independence
The Spanish American wars of independence (Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) took place throughout Spanish America during the early 19th century, with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule.
See Andes and Spanish American wars of independence
Spanish colonization of the Americas
The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Andes and Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.
Species richness
Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
See Andes and Species richness
Spectacled bear
The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the South American bear, Andean bear, Andean short-faced bear or mountain bear and locally as jukumari (Aymara and Quechua), ukumari (Quechua) or ukuku, is a species of bear native to the Andes Mountains in northern and western South America.
Steppe
In physical geography, a steppe is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes.
See Andes and Steppe
Subduction
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.
Sucre
Sucre is the de jure capital city of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the sixth most populous city in Bolivia.
See Andes and Sucre
Summit
A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it.
See Andes and Summit
Sunsás orogeny
The Sunsás orogeny was an ancient orogeny active during the Late Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic and currently preserved as the Sunsás orogen in the Amazonian Craton in South America.
Sutter Buttes
The Sutter Buttes (Maidu: Histum Yani or Esto Yamani, Wintun: Olonai-Tol, Nisenan: Estom Yanim) are a small circular complex of eroded volcanic lava domes which rise as buttes above the flat plains of the Sacramento Valley in Sutter County, northern California.
Tanager
The tanagers (singular) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes.
Tapaculo
The tapaculos.
Tarija
Tarija or San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa is a city in southern Bolivia.
See Andes and Tarija
Tata Sabaya
Tata Sabaya is a high volcano in Bolivia.
Tectonic uplift
Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics.
Tectonophysics (journal)
Tectonophysics, The International Journal of Geotectonics and the Geology and Physics of the Interior of the Earth is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.
See Andes and Tectonophysics (journal)
Telmatobius culeus
Telmatobius culeus, commonly known as the Titicaca water frog or Lake Titicaca frog, is a medium-large to very large and endangered species of frog in the family Telmatobiidae.
See Andes and Telmatobius culeus
Terrane
In geology, a terrane (in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate.
Tertiary
Tertiary is an obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future.
See Andes and Threatened species
Thrust fault
A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.
Thrust tectonics
Thrust tectonics or contractional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, the shortening and thickening of the crust or lithosphere.
See Andes and Thrust tectonics
Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau, also known as Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Qing–Zang Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau located at the intersection of Central, South, and East Asia covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, most of Qinghai, western half of Sichuan, Southern Gansu provinces in Western China, southern Xinjiang, Bhutan, the Indian regions of Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) as well as Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan, northwestern Nepal, eastern Tajikistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.
Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. Andes and Tierra del Fuego are regions of South America.
See Andes and Tierra del Fuego
Tin
Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
See Andes and Tin
Tinamou
Tinamous are members of the order Tinamiformes, and family Tinamidae, divided into two distinct subfamilies, containing 46 species found in Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Titicaca grebe
The Titicaca grebe (Rollandia microptera), also known as the Titicaca flightless grebe or short-winged grebe, is a grebe found on the altiplano of Peru and Bolivia.
Tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants.
Toquepala mine
The Toquepala mine is a large porphyry copper mine in the Tacna Province, Tacna Department, Peru.
Transform fault
A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal.
Transpression
In geology, transpression is a type of strike-slip deformation that deviates from simple shear because of a simultaneous component of shortening perpendicular to the fault plane.
Triassic
The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.
Tronador
Tronador (Cerro Tronador) is an extinct stratovolcano in the southern Andes, located along the border between Argentina and Chile, near the Argentine city of Bariloche.
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes.
See Andes and Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
Tropical Andes
The Tropical Andes is northern of the three climate-delineated parts of the Andes, the others being the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes. Andes and Tropical Andes are regions of South America.
Trujillo, Trujillo
Trujillo is the capital city of Trujillo State in Venezuela.
See Andes and Trujillo, Trujillo
Tulcán
Tulcán is the capital of the province of Carchi in Ecuador and the seat of Tulcán Canton.
See Andes and Tulcán
Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena
Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena is a biodiversity hotspot, which includes the tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests of the Pacific coast of South America and the Galapagos Islands.
See Andes and Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena
Tungurahua
Tungurahua (from Quichua tunguri (throat) and rahua (fire), "Throat of Fire")) is an active stratovolcano located in the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. The volcano gives its name to the province of Tungurahua. Volcanic activity restarted on August 19, 1999, and is ongoing, with several eruptive episodes since then, the most recent lasting from February 26 to March 16, 2016.
Tunja
Tunja is a municipality and city on the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, in the region known as the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, 130 km northeast of Bogotá.
See Andes and Tunja
Tupungato
Tupungato, one of the highest mountains in the Americas, is a massive Andean lava dome dating to Pleistocene times.
Types of volcanic eruptions
Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists.
See Andes and Types of volcanic eruptions
Uruguay
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.
Ushuaia
Ushuaia is the capital of Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province, Argentina.
Valencia, Venezuela
Valencia is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela.
See Andes and Valencia, Venezuela
Valera
Valera is a city in Trujillo State in Venezuela, situated between the rivers Momboy and Motatán.
See Andes and Valera
Vascular plant
Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes or collectively tracheophyta, form a large group of land plants (accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.
Venezuelan Coastal Range
The Venezuelan Coastal Range (Cordillera de la Costa or Serranía de la Costa), also known as Venezuelan Caribbean Mountain System (Sistema Montañoso Caribe), is a mountain range system and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, that runs along the central and eastern portions of Venezuela's northern coast.
See Andes and Venezuelan Coastal Range
Vicuña
The vicuña (Lama vicugna) or vicuna (both, very rarely spelled vicugna, its former genus name) is one of the two wild South American camelids, which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco, which lives at lower elevations.
See Andes and Vicuña
Villavicencio
Villavicencio is a city and municipality in Colombia.
Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon.
Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
War of the Pacific
The War of the Pacific (Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Nitrate War (Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884.
See Andes and War of the Pacific
Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian—which crosses Greenwich, London, England—and east of the 180th meridian.
See Andes and Western Hemisphere
Wet Andes
Map of the climatic regions of the Andes. The Wet Andes are shown in dark blue. The Dry Andes are shown in yellow and the Tropical Andes in green. The Wet Andes (Andes húmedos) is a climatic and glaciological subregion of the Andes. Andes and Wet Andes are ecology of the Andes.
White-browed tit-spinetail
The white-browed tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura xenothorax) is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae.
See Andes and White-browed tit-spinetail
Woodbine Parish
Sir Woodbine Parish KCH (14 September 1796, London – 16 August 1882, St. Leonards, Sussex) was a British diplomat, traveller and scientist.
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids.
See Andes and Wool
Wren
Wrens are a family of brown passerine birds in the predominantly New World family Troglodytidae.
See Andes and Wren
Yacuiba
Yacuiba is a city in southern Bolivia and the capital city of Gran Chaco Province in the Tarija Department.
Yanacocha
Yanacocha (Cajamarca Quechua: yana.
Yellow-tailed woolly monkey
The yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) is a New World monkey endemic to Peru.
See Andes and Yellow-tailed woolly monkey
Yerupaja Chico
Yerupaja Chico is a mountain in Peru.
Yerupajá
Yerupajá is a mountain of the Huayhuash mountain range in west central Peru, part of the Andes.
Yungas
The Yungas (Aymara yunka warm or temperate Andes or earth, Quechua yunka warm area on the slopes of the Andes) is a bioregion of a narrow band of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru and Bolivia, and extends into Northwest Argentina at the slope of the Andes pre-cordillera.
See Andes and Yungas
18th parallel south
The 18th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 18 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 18th parallel south
1946 Ancash earthquake
The 1946 Ancash earthquake in the Andes Mountains of central Peru occurred on November 10 at 17:43 UTC.
See Andes and 1946 Ancash earthquake
1947 Satipo earthquake
The 1947 Satipo earthquake occurred on November 1 at 09:58:57 local time with an epicenter in the Peruvian Amazon jungle in the Department of Junín.
See Andes and 1947 Satipo earthquake
1960 Valdivia earthquake
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami (Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.
See Andes and 1960 Valdivia earthquake
2010 Chile earthquake
The 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami (Terremoto del 27F) occurred off the coast of central Chile on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34:12 local time (06:34:12 UTC), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.
See Andes and 2010 Chile earthquake
2015 Illapel earthquake
The 2015 Illapel earthquake occurred offshore from Illapel (Coquimbo region, Chile) on September 16 at 19:54:32 Chile Standard Time (22:54:32 UTC), with a moment magnitude of 8.3–8.4.
See Andes and 2015 Illapel earthquake
20th parallel south
The 20th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 20 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 20th parallel south
30th parallel south
The 30th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees south of the Earth's equator.
See Andes and 30th parallel south
32nd parallel south
The 32nd parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 32 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 32nd parallel south
40th parallel south
The 40th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 40th parallel south
50th parallel south
The 50th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 50th parallel south
55th parallel south
The 55th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 55 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Andes and 55th parallel south
See also
Ecology of the Andes
Mountain ranges of South America
- American Cordillera
- Andes
- Cordillera del Cóndor
- Hornby Mountains
- Serra do Acari
- Southern Range
- Wickham Heights
Physiographic divisions
- Andes
- Appalachian Mountains
- Australian Shield
- Barind Tract
- Brazilian Highlands
- Deccan Plateau
- Eastern Highlands
- Eastern Himalayas
- European Plain
- Fertile Crescent
- Geomorphological division of Slovakia
- Geomorphological division of the Czech Republic
- Hilly Flanks
- Himalayas
- Landforms
- Levantine corridor
- List of physiographic regions
- Maya Block
- Natural regions
- Physiographic province
- Physiographic provinces
- Physiographic region
- Physiographic regions of Albania
- Physiographic regions of Peru
- Physiographic regions of the United States
- Southern Ural
- Ural Mountains
- West Siberian Plain
- Western Himalayas
- Yucatán Platform
Regions of South America
- Amazon basin
- Amazon rainforest
- Andes
- Asia–Pacific
- Atlantic Forest
- Atlantic Shield
- Berbice
- Cabeça do Cachorro
- Caribbean South America
- Cerrado
- Chiquitania
- Demerara
- Gran Chaco
- Guayrá
- Herschel Island (Chile)
- Interandean Valles
- Itatín
- Natural regions of South America
- Pantanal
- Peruvian Amazonia
- Rupununi
- Southern Cone
- The Guianas
- Tierra del Fuego
- Tres Fronteras
- Triple Frontier
- Tropical Andes
- Upper Amazon
- Western Caribbean zone
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes
Also known as Andean, Andean Mountain System, Andean Mountains, Andean highland, Andes Mountain, Andes Mountains, Andes Range, Andes mountain range, Andes of Peru, Chilean Andes, Cordillera de los Andes, Geology of the Andes, High Andes, Mining in the Andes, Northern Andes, South American Andes, The Andes, The Andes Mountain, The Andes Mountains.
, Biodiversity hotspot, Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, Bogotá, Bolivia, Bonaire, Bucaramanga, Cañari, Cabaray, Cajamarca, Calama, Chile, Calc-alkaline magma series, Cali, Camel, Cape Horn, Caracas, Caribbean, Caribbean Plate, Caribbean Sea, Carnicero, Carrot, Cayambe (volcano), Cúcuta, Cenozoic, Central Chile, Cerro Bayo Complex, Cerro Bonete, Cerro Castillo Dynevor, Cerro de Pasco, Cerro del Nacimiento, Cerro Escorial, Cerro Macá, Cerro Negro de Mayasquer, Cerro Rico, Chacaltaya, Chachapoya culture, Chaco War, Chicha, Chile, Chilean Army, Chilean Navy, Chiles (volcano), Chimborazo, Chinchilla, Chumpe (Cusco), Chuquicamata, Cinchona pubescens, Civil engineering, Cloud forest, Coca, Cocaine, Cochabamba, Coffee, Colombia, Conquistador, Continental fragment, Copper, Corazón (volcano), Cordón del Azufre, Cordillera, Cordillera Paine, Coropuna, Cotopaxi, Cotton, Cougar, Craton, Cretaceous, Crypsis, Cuenca, Ecuador, Cumbal Volcano, Curaçao, Cusco, Darwin's rhea, Deciduous, Deforestation, Depression (geology), Deserts and xeric shrublands, Diademed sandpiper-plover, Diuca finch, Doña Juana, Domestication, Donkey, Drake Passage, Dry Andes, Dry lake, Duitama, Earth's rotation, Earthquake, Ecuador, El Altar, El Alto, Endangered species, Endemism, Equatorial bulge, Erosion, Escondida, Extensional tectonics, Falso Azufre, Fault (geology), Fitz Roy, Flamingo, Fold (geology), Fold and thrust belt, Four-wheel drive, Francisco Pizarro, Galán, Galeras, Geology (journal), Geositta, Giant coot, Glacier ice accumulation, Gondwana, Gran Chaco, Guanaco, Herbal tea, Highway, Hillstar, Hippocamelus, History of the Incas, Huanca, Huancayo, Huandoy, Huaraz, Huascarán, Huayna Potosí, Huaytapallana, Huánuco, Hudson Volcano, Hummingbird, Hunter-gatherer, Hydrocarbon, Hydrothermal circulation, Hypersaline lake, Ibagué, Ibarra, Ecuador, Igneous intrusion, Illampu, Illimani, Illiniza, Imperialism, Inca Civil War, Inca Empire, Incahuasi, Interandean Valles, Ipiales, Iron ore, Irrigation, Irruputuncu, Jirishanca, Joseph Barclay Pentland, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Juliaca, Jurassic, La Grita, La Paz, Lake Titicaca, Landlocked country, Laram Q'awa (Charaña), Las Heras Department, Lastarria, Latacunga, Latitude, Leeward Antilles, Licancabur, Lima, List of mountain ranges, Lithium, Llama, Llullaillaco, Loja, Ecuador, Machu Picchu, Madre de Dios River, Magallanes Basin, Magma, Maipo (volcano), Maize, Malaria, Mammal, Manizales, Maracay, Marmolejo, Maule River, Mérida, Mérida, Meat, Medellín, Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Argentina, Mercedario, Mesozoic, Metamorphic rock, Meteoric water, Michincha, Mid-ocean ridge, Militarism, Mineralization (geology), Mining, Misti, Mixed-species foraging flock, Modern era, Monte Pissis, Monte San Valentín, Motor vehicle, Mount Darwin (Andes), Mount Tarn, Mountain tapir, Mountain toucan, Mule, Natural region, Nazca Plate, Neogene, Nevado Anallajsi, Nevado de Santa Isabel, Nevado del Huila, Nevado del Quindío, 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