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Anusim, the Glossary

Anusim (אֲנוּסִים,; singular male, anús, אָנוּס; singular female, anusáh,, meaning "coerced") is a legal category of Jews in halakha (Jewish law) who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will, typically while forcibly converted to another religion.^[1]

63 relations: Aleph, Allahdad, Apostasy, Apostasy in Judaism, Ashkenazi Jews, Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel, Catalan language, Chala (Jews), Chief Rabbi, Chuck Davidson, Conversion to Judaism, Converso, Crypto-Judaism, Dönmeh, Epikoros, Forced conversion, Get (divorce document), Haaretz, Haim Amsalem, Halakha, Haredi Judaism, Heresy in Judaism, History of the Jews in Germany, History of the Jews in Portugal, History of the Jews in Spain, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Islam, Israelites, Jacob, Jewish ethnic divisions, Jews, Judaeo-Spanish, Judaism, Lineage (anthropology), Maimonides, Marrano, Mashhadi Jews, Minyan, Mishneh Torah, Mitzvah, Neofiti, New Christian, Nun (letter), Orphans' Decree, Portuguese language, Quorum, Rabbi, Rabbinic Judaism, Rabbinic literature, ... Expand index (13 more) »
Crypto-Jews
Forced religious conversion

Aleph

Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep 𐤀, Hebrew ʾālef א, Aramaic ʾālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾālap̄ ܐ, Arabic ʾalif ا, and North Arabian 𐪑.

See Anusim and Aleph

Allahdad

The Allahdad (الله داد) was an 1839 pogrom perpetrated by Muslims against the Mashhadi Jewish community in the city of Mashhad, Qajar Iran.

See Anusim and Allahdad

Apostasy

Apostasy (defection, revolt) is the formal disaffiliation from, abandonment of, or renunciation of a religion by a person.

See Anusim and Apostasy

Apostasy in Judaism

Apostasy in Judaism is the rejection of Judaism and possible conversion to another religion by a Jew.

See Anusim and Apostasy in Judaism

Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

See Anusim and Ashkenazi Jews

Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel

Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel (born 23 May 1880, died 4 September 1953), sometimes rendered as Ouziel, was the Sephardi chief rabbi of Mandatory Palestine from 1939 to 1948, and of Israel from 1948 until his death in 1953.

See Anusim and Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel

Catalan language

Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.

See Anusim and Catalan language

Chala (Jews)

Chala (чала) is an Uzbek term meaning "neither this nor that," referring to Bukharan Jews who were coerced into converting to Islam from the late eighteenth century onwards. Anusim and Chala (Jews) are crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Chala (Jews)

Chief Rabbi

Chief Rabbi (translit) is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities.

See Anusim and Chief Rabbi

Chuck Davidson

Chuck Davidson (March 17, 1961) is an American Orthodox rabbi who made Aliya to Israel.

See Anusim and Chuck Davidson

Conversion to Judaism

Conversion to Judaism (translit or translit) is the process by which non-Jews adopt the Jewish religion and become members of the Jewish ethnoreligious community.

See Anusim and Conversion to Judaism

Converso

A converso (feminine form conversa), "convert", was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants. Anusim and converso are conversos and crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Converso

Crypto-Judaism

Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek kryptos – κρυπτός, 'hidden'). Anusim and Crypto-Judaism are conversos.

See Anusim and Crypto-Judaism

Dönmeh

The Dönme (Dōnme, دونمه, Dönme) were a group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who coercively converted outwardly to Islam, but retained their Jewish faith and Kabbalistic beliefs in secret. Anusim and Dönmeh are crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Dönmeh

Epikoros

Epikoros (or Apikoros or Apikores; Epicurus, pl. Epikorsim; apiˈkoyres) is a Jewish term figuratively meaning "a heretic", cited in the Mishnah, that refers to an individual who does not have a share in the World to Come: The rabbinic literature uses the term Epikoros without a specific reference to the Greek philosopher Epicurus, but it is apparent that the term is derived from his name.

See Anusim and Epikoros

Forced conversion

Forced conversion is the adoption of a religion or irreligion under duress. Anusim and Forced conversion are forced religious conversion.

See Anusim and Forced conversion

Get (divorce document)

A get, ghet, or gett (plural gittin גטין) is a document in Jewish religious law which effectuates a divorce between a Jewish couple.

See Anusim and Get (divorce document)

Haaretz

Haaretz (originally Ḥadshot Haaretz –) is an Israeli newspaper.

See Anusim and Haaretz

Haim Amsalem

Rabbi Haim (Emile) Amsalem (born 12 October 1959) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset.

See Anusim and Haim Amsalem

Halakha

Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

See Anusim and Halakha

Haredi Judaism

Haredi Judaism (translit,; plural Haredim) is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that is characterized by its strict interpretation of religious sources and its accepted (Jewish law) and traditions, in opposition to more accommodating or modern values and practices.

See Anusim and Haredi Judaism

Heresy in Judaism

Jewish heresy refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of halakha (Jewish religious law).

See Anusim and Heresy in Judaism

History of the Jews in Germany

The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community.

See Anusim and History of the Jews in Germany

History of the Jews in Portugal

The history of the Jews in Portugal reaches back over two thousand years and is directly related to Sephardi history, a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities that originated in the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain).

See Anusim and History of the Jews in Portugal

History of the Jews in Spain

The history of the Jews in the current-day Spanish territory stretches back to Biblical times according to Jewish tradition, but the settlement of organised Jewish communities in the Iberian Peninsula possibly traces back to the times after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.

See Anusim and History of the Jews in Spain

Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.

See Anusim and Iberian Peninsula

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Anusim and Iran

Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

See Anusim and Islam

Israelites

The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.

See Anusim and Israelites

Jacob

Jacob (Yaʿqūb; Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam.

See Anusim and Jacob

Jewish ethnic divisions

Jewish ethnic divisions refer to many distinctive communities within the world's Jewish population.

See Anusim and Jewish ethnic divisions

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

See Anusim and Jews

Judaeo-Spanish

Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym djudeoespanyol, Hebrew script), also known as Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish.

See Anusim and Judaeo-Spanish

Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

See Anusim and Judaism

Lineage (anthropology)

In anthropology, a lineage is a unilineal descent group that traces its ancestry to a demonstrably shared ancestor, known as the apical ancestor.

See Anusim and Lineage (anthropology)

Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.

See Anusim and Maimonides

Marrano

Marranos is one of the terms used in relation to Spanish and Portuguese Jews who converted or were forced by the Spanish and Portuguese crowns to convert to Christianity during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, but continued to practice Judaism in secrecy or were suspected of it, referred to as Crypto-Jews. Anusim and Marrano are conversos and crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Marrano

Mashhadi Jews

The Jewish community of Mashhad, Iran (یهودیان مشهد) was formed in the 1740s. Anusim and Mashhadi Jews are crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Mashhadi Jews

Minyan

In Judaism, a minyan (מניין \ מִנְיָן mīnyān, lit. (noun) count, number; pl. mīnyānīm) is the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations.

See Anusim and Minyan

Mishneh Torah

The Mishneh Torah (repetition of the Torah), also known as Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka (label), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law (halakha) authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam).

See Anusim and Mishneh Torah

Mitzvah

In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (מִצְוָה, mīṣvā, plural מִצְווֹת mīṣvōt; "commandment") refers to a commandment from God to be performed as a religious duty.

See Anusim and Mitzvah

Neofiti

The neofiti (Neophytes) were a group of Italian anusim, also known as crypto-Jews, living in Southern Italy. Anusim and neofiti are crypto-Jews.

See Anusim and Neofiti

New Christian

New Christian (Novus Christianus; Cristiano Nuevo; Cristão-Novo; Cristià Nou; Kristiano muevo) was a socio-religious designation and legal distinction in the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire.

See Anusim and New Christian

Nun (letter)

Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician nūn 𐤍, Hebrew nūn נ, Aramaic nūn 𐡍‎, Syriac nūn ܢ, and Arabic nūn ن (in abjadi order).

See Anusim and Nun (letter)

Orphans' Decree

The Orphans' Decree was a law in Yemen mandating the forced conversion of Jewish orphans to Islam promulgated by the Zaydi. Anusim and Orphans' Decree are forced religious conversion.

See Anusim and Orphans' Decree

Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.

See Anusim and Portuguese language

Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of members of a group necessary to constitute the group at a meeting.

See Anusim and Quorum

Rabbi

A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.

See Anusim and Rabbi

Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic Judaism (יהדות רבנית|Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.

See Anusim and Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history.

See Anusim and Rabbinic literature

Rape

Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent.

See Anusim and Rape

Rashi

Shlomo Yitzchaki (רבי שלמה יצחקי; Salomon Isaacides; Salomon de Troyes; 13 July 1105), commonly known by the acronym Rashi, was a French rabbi who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible.

See Anusim and Rashi

Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous revelation which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the Theophany at Mount Sinai.

See Anusim and Reform Judaism

Reverse Marranos

Reverse Marranos (RMs) are Haredim who appear to live a Haredi lifestyle but do not believe in the core beliefs associated with that lifestyle.

See Anusim and Reverse Marranos

Saadia Ibn Danan

Rabbi Saadiah ben Maimon ben Moshe ibn Danan (סעדיה אבן דנאן) (born 2nd half of 15th century in Granada, Spain – died 1493(?) in Oran, Algeria) was a grammarian of Hebrew and Arabic, poet and a halachic authority.

See Anusim and Saadia Ibn Danan

Samekh

Samekh is the fifteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, Hebrew sāmeḵ ס, Aramaic samek 𐡎, and Syriac semkaṯ ܣ.

See Anusim and Samekh

Sepharad

Sepharad (or;,; also Sfard, Spharad, Sefarad, or Sephared) is the Hebrew-language name for the Iberian Peninsula, consisting of both modern-time Western Europe's Spain and Portugal, especially in reference to the local Jews before their forced expulsion from 1492 onwards.

See Anusim and Sepharad

Sephardic Bnei Anusim

Sephardic Bnei Anusim (בני אנוסים ספרדיים,, lit. "Children coerced Spanish) is a modern term which is used to define the contemporary Christian descendants of an estimated quarter of a million 15th-century Sephardic Jews who were coerced or forced to convert to Catholicism during the 14th and 15th centuries in Spain and Portugal.

See Anusim and Sephardic Bnei Anusim

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anusim

Also known as Anusim Jew, Anusim Jews, Anús, B'nei Anusim, Bat Anusim, Ben Anusim, Bnei Anousim, Bnei Anusim, Forced conversion from Judaism.

, Rape, Rashi, Reform Judaism, Reverse Marranos, Saadia Ibn Danan, Samekh, Sepharad, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, Sephardic Jews, Shmarya Rosenberg, Spanish language, Talmud, Who is a Jew?.

Anusim, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Crypto-Jews

Forced religious conversion

References