Astrophysics & Theoretical astronomy - Unionpedia, the concept map

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

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Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

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Astroparticle physics

Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astrophysical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology.

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Astrophysics

Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena.

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Big Bang

The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature.

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it.

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.

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Computation

A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined.

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Cosmic inflation

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.

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Cosmic ray

Cosmic rays or astroparticles are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.

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Dark energy

In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy that affects the universe on the largest scales.

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Dark matter

In astronomy, dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that appears not to interact with light or the electromagnetic field.

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Density

Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.

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Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength.

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Electromagnetism

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields.

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Galaxy formation and evolution

The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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Gravitational wave

Gravitational waves are waves of the intensity of gravity that are generated by the accelerated masses of binary stars and other motions of gravitating masses, and propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Interstellar medium

The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.

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Lambda-CDM model

The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components.

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language.

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Matter

In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

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Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei, usually deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes), combine to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).

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Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

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Numerical analysis

Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics).

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Observable universe

The observable universe is a ball-shaped region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time; the electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.

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Observational astronomy

Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.

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Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Polytrope

In astrophysics, a polytrope refers to a solution of the Lane–Emden equation in which the pressure depends upon the density in the form P.

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Pulsar

A pulsar (from pulsating radio source) is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation out of its magnetic poles.

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Radio astronomy

Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies.

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Radio telescope

A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky.

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Star

A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.

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Stellar dynamics

Stellar dynamics is the branch of astrophysics which describes in a statistical way the collective motions of stars subject to their mutual gravity.

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Stellar evolution

Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of its lifetime and how it can lead to the creation of a new star.

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String theory

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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X-ray astronomy

X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects.

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