Atom & Chemical reaction - Unionpedia, the concept map

Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

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Atomic orbital

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.

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Boron

Boron is a chemical element; it has symbol B and atomic number 5.

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Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Chemical bond

A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures.

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Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.

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Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

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Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

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Crystallization

Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

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Electron configuration

In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.

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Elementary particle

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles.

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Endothermic process

An endothermic process is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

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Excited state

In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum).

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Exothermic reaction

In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat.

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Half-life

Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

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John Dalton

John Dalton (5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

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Molecule

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.

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Noble gas

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Organic compound

Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Photon

A photon is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Proton

A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).

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Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

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Scanning tunneling microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.

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Valence electron

In chemistry and physics, valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outermost shell is not closed.

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Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

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