Auditory system & Cochlea - Unionpedia, the concept map

Action potential

An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls.

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Basilar membrane

The basilar membrane is a stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear which separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani.

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Cochlear duct

The cochlear duct (a.k.a. the scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located between the tympanic duct and the vestibular duct, separated by the basilar membrane and the vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane) respectively.

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Cochlear nerve

The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve.

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Cochlear nucleus

The cochlear nucleus (CN) or cochlear nuclear complex comprises two cranial nerve nuclei in the human brainstem, the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN).

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Endolymph

Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

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Hair cell

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates, and in the lateral line organ of fishes.

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Health effects from noise

Noise health effects are the physical and psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels.

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Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium.

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Inferior colliculus

The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin for lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.

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Inner ear

The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.

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Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

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Olivary body

The olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures on either side of the medullary pyramids in the medulla, the lower portion of the brainstem.

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Organ of Corti

The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea.

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Oval window

The oval window (or fenestra vestibuli or fenestra ovalis) is a connective tissue membrane-covered opening from the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear.

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Perilymph

Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear.

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Pons

The pons (pontes; from Latin pons, "bridge", from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s, “path, road”, from *pent-, “path”. Cognate with Sanskrit पन्था, pánthā-) is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.

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Prestin

Prestin is a protein that is critical to sensitive hearing in mammals.

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Round window

The round window is one of the two openings from the middle ear into the inner ear.

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Spiral ganglion

The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea.

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Stapes

The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other animals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear.

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Superior olivary complex

The superior olivary complex (SOC) or superior olive is a collection of brainstem nuclei that is located in pons, functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system.

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Tectorial membrane

The tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM).

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Tympanic duct

The tympanic duct or scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the inner ear of humans.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

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Vestibular duct

The vestibular duct or scala vestibuli is a perilymph-filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear that conducts sound vibrations to the cochlear duct.

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Vestibulocochlear nerve

The vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory vestibular nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VIII, or simply CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.

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