Bantustan, the Glossary
A Bantustan (also known as a Bantu homeland, a black homeland, a black state or simply known as a homeland) was a territory that the National Party administration of South Africa set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as a part of its policy of apartheid.[1]
Table of Contents
211 relations: -stan, African National Congress, Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, Allon Plan, Amateur radio call signs, Aminuis, Anti-Apartheid Movement, Apartheid, Arab Studies Quarterly, Balkans, Bantu Authorities Act, 1951, Bantu Holomisa, Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970, Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971, Bantu languages, Bantu peoples, Bantu peoples of South Africa, Basters, Benjamin Netanyahu, Bhisho, Black people, Bophuthatswana, Breakup of Yugoslavia, Cambridge University Press, Canada, Cape Province, Caprivi conflict, Casino, Central Asia, Ciskei, Collaboration, Coloureds, Connie Mulder, Constand Viljoen, Constitution of Namibia, D. F. Malan, Dalit, Damara people, Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa, Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality, East Caprivi, Eastern Europe, Eswatini, Ethnic cleansing, Etosha National Park, F. W. de Klerk, Financial Times, Fox Odendaal, Freedom Front Plus, German South West Africa, ... Expand index (161 more) »
- 1994 disestablishments in South Africa
- Bantustans in South Africa
- Bantustans in South West Africa
- Lands reserved for indigenous peoples
- Political terminology in South Africa
- South African English
-stan
stan (Persian: ستان) has the meaning of "a place abounding in" or "a place where anything abounds" as a suffix.
African National Congress
The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa.
See Bantustan and African National Congress
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
The (meaning 'Afrikaner Resistance Movement'), commonly known by its abbreviation AWB, is an Afrikaner nationalist, white supremacist, and neo-Nazi political party in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
Allon Plan
The Allon Plan (תָּכְנִית אַלּוֹן) was a political proposition that outlined potential next steps for Israel after the 1967 Arab–Israeli War.
Amateur radio call signs
Amateur radio call signs are allocated to amateur radio operators around the world.
See Bantustan and Amateur radio call signs
Aminuis
Aminuis is a cluster of small settlements in the remote eastern part of the Omaheke Region of Namibia, located about 500 km east of Windhoek.
Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid.
See Bantustan and Anti-Apartheid Movement
Apartheid
Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Bantustan and Apartheid are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and political terminology in South Africa.
Arab Studies Quarterly
Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) is an English-language academic journal devoted to Arabist studies.
See Bantustan and Arab Studies Quarterly
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
The Bantu Authorities Act, 1951 (Act No. 68 of 1951; subsequently renamed the Black Authorities Act, 1951) was to give authority to Traditional Tribal Leader within their traditional tribal homelands in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Bantu Authorities Act, 1951
Bantu Holomisa
Bantubonke Harrington Holomisa (born 25 July 1955) is a South African politician.
See Bantustan and Bantu Holomisa
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970 (Act No. 26 of 1970; subsequently renamed the Black States Citizenship Act, 1970 and the National States Citizenship Act, 1970) was a denaturalization law passed during the apartheid era of South Africa that allocated various tribes/nations of black South Africans as citizens of their traditional black tribal "homelands," or Bantustans.
See Bantustan and Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970
Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971
The Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (Act No. 21 of 1971) enabled the government of South Africa to grant independence to any "Homeland" as determined by the South African apartheid government.
See Bantustan and Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971
Bantu languages
The Bantu languages (English:, Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a language family of about 600 languages that are spoken by the Bantu peoples of Central, Southern, Eastern and Southeast Africa.
See Bantustan and Bantu languages
Bantu peoples
The Bantu peoples are an ethnolinguistic grouping of approximately 400 distinct native African ethnic groups who speak Bantu languages.
See Bantustan and Bantu peoples
Bantu peoples of South Africa
South African Bantu-speaking peoples represent the majority ethno-racial group of South Africans.
See Bantustan and Bantu peoples of South Africa
Basters
The Basters (also known as Baasters, Rehobothers, or Rehoboth Basters) are a Southern African ethnic group descended from Cape Coloureds and Nama of Khoisan origin. Bantustan and Basters are south African English.
Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician, serving as the prime minister of Israel since 2022, having previously held the office in 1996–1999 and 2009–2021.
See Bantustan and Benjamin Netanyahu
Bhisho
Bhisho, formerly Bisho, is the capital of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa.
Black people
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.
See Bantustan and Black people
Bophuthatswana
Bophuthatswana, officially the Republic of Bophuthatswana (Repaboleki ya Bophuthatswana; Republiek van Bophuthatswana), and colloquially referred to as the Bop, was a Bantustan (also known as "Homeland", an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity) that was declared (nominally) independent by the apartheid regime of South Africa in 1977. Bantustan and Bophuthatswana are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Bophuthatswana
Breakup of Yugoslavia
After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, the constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused a series of inter-ethnic Yugoslav Wars.
See Bantustan and Breakup of Yugoslavia
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Bantustan and Cambridge University Press
Canada
Canada is a country in North America.
Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province (Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as The Cape (Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. Bantustan and Cape Province are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Cape Province
Caprivi conflict
The Caprivi conflict was an armed conflict between the Namibian government and the Caprivi Liberation Army, a rebel group that waged a brief insurrection in 1999 for the secession of the Caprivi Strip.
See Bantustan and Caprivi conflict
Casino
A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Bantustan and Central Asia
Ciskei
Ciskei (meaning on this side of the river Kei), officially the Republic of Ciskei (iRiphabliki yeCiskei), was a Bantustan for the Xhosa people, located in the southeast of South Africa. Bantustan and Ciskei are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
Collaboration
Collaboration (from Latin com- "with" + laborare "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together --> to complete a task or achieve a goal.
See Bantustan and Collaboration
Coloureds
Coloureds (Kleurlinge) refers to members of multiracial ethnic communities in South Africa who have ancestry from African, European, and Asian people.
Connie Mulder
Cornelius Petrus Mulder (5 June 1925–12 January 1988) was a South African politician and cabinet minister.
See Bantustan and Connie Mulder
Constand Viljoen
General Constand Laubscher Viljoen (28 October 19333 April 2020) was a South African Army officer and politician.
See Bantustan and Constand Viljoen
Constitution of Namibia
The Constitution of Namibia is the supreme law of the Republic of Namibia.
See Bantustan and Constitution of Namibia
D. F. Malan
Daniël François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959) was a South African politician who served as the fourth prime minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954.
Dalit
Dalit (from dalita meaning "broken/scattered") is a term first coined by the Indian social reformer Jyotirao Phule for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent.
Damara people
The Damara, plural Damaran (Khoekhoegowab: ǂNūkhoen, Black people, Bergdamara, referring to their extended stay in hilly and mountainous sites, also called at various times the Daman or the Damaqua) are an ethnic group who make up 8.5% of Namibia's population.
See Bantustan and Damara people
Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa
Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa is a political party in the Free State province, South Africa.
See Bantustan and Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa
Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality
Dr JS Moroka Municipality (UMasipaladi weDr JS Moroka; Mmasepala wa Dr JS Moroka; Mmasepala wa Dr JS Moroka) is a local municipality within the Nkangala District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality
East Caprivi
East Caprivi or Itenge was a bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Caprivis in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), intended by the apartheid government to be a self-governing homeland for the Masubiya people. Bantustan and East Caprivi are bantustans in South West Africa.
See Bantustan and East Caprivi
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Bantustan and Eastern Europe
Eswatini
Eswatini (eSwatini), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and also known by its former official name Swaziland and formerly the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.
See Bantustan and Ethnic cleansing
Etosha National Park
Etosha National Park is a national park in northwestern Namibia and one of the largest national parks in Africa.
See Bantustan and Etosha National Park
F. W. de Klerk
Frederik Willem de Klerk (18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996.
See Bantustan and F. W. de Klerk
Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.
See Bantustan and Financial Times
Fox Odendaal
Frans Hendrik Odendaal (1898–1966) (known as Fox Odendaal) was a South African politician, governor of the Transvaal province, best remembered for heading the commission that became known by his last name.
See Bantustan and Fox Odendaal
Freedom Front Plus
The Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus; Vryheidsfront Plus, VF Plus) is a right-wing political party in South Africa that was formed (as the Freedom Front) in 1994.
See Bantustan and Freedom Front Plus
German South West Africa
German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
See Bantustan and German South West Africa
Giyani
Giyani is a town situated in the north-eastern part of Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Group Areas Act
Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Group Areas Act
Hamastan
"Hamastan" (חמאסטן) is a pejorative neologism, blending 'Hamas', a Palestinian political party with a military wing, and '-stan', a suffix of Persian origin meaning "home of/place of".
Hendrik Verwoerd
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966), also known as H. F. Verwoerd, was a Dutch-born South African politician, scholar, and newspaper editor who was Prime Minister of South Africa and is commonly regarded as the architect of apartheid and nicknamed the "father of apartheid".
See Bantustan and Hendrik Verwoerd
Herero people
The Herero (Ovaherero) are a Bantu ethnic group inhabiting parts of Southern Africa.
See Bantustan and Herero people
Himba people
The Himba (singular: OmuHimba, plural: OvaHimba) are an ethnic group with an estimated population of about 50,000 people living in northern Namibia, in the Kunene Region (formerly Kaokoland) and on the other side of the Kunene River in southern Angola.
See Bantustan and Himba people
Hinduism in Pakistan
Hinduism is the second largest religious affiliation in Pakistan after Islam. Though Hinduism was one of the dominant faiths in the region a few centuries ago, Hindus accounted for just 2.17% of Pakistan's population (approx 5.2 million people) in the 2023 Pakistani census. The Umerkot district has the highest percentage of Hindu residents in the country at 54.6%, while Tharparkar district has the most Hindus in absolute numbers at 811,507.
See Bantustan and Hinduism in Pakistan
Hindus
Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.
Homeland
A homeland is a place where a national or ethnic identity has formed.
House of Assembly
House of Assembly is a name given to the legislature or lower house of a bicameral parliament.
See Bantustan and House of Assembly
Hukou
Hukou is a system of household registration used in mainland China.
Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory.
See Bantustan and Independence
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indian reservation
An American Indian reservation is an area of land held and governed by a U.S. federal government-recognized Native American tribal nation, whose government is autonomous, subject to regulations passed by the United States Congress and administered by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, and not to the U.S.
See Bantustan and Indian reservation
Indian reserve
In Canada, an Indian reserve (reserve indienne) is defined by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." Reserves are areas set aside for First Nations, one of the major groupings of Indigenous peoples in Canada, after a contract with the Canadian state ("the Crown"), and are not to be confused with Indigenous peoples' claims to ancestral lands under Aboriginal title.
See Bantustan and Indian reserve
Indian South Africans
Indian South Africans are South Africans who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from British India during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
See Bantustan and Indian South Africans
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Bantustan and Indian subcontinent
Indigenous peoples of Africa
The indigenous people of Africa are groups of people native to a specific region; people who lived there before colonists or settlers arrived, defined new borders, and began to occupy the land.
See Bantustan and Indigenous peoples of Africa
Inkatha Freedom Party
The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP; IQembu leNkatha yeNkululeko) is a conservative political party in South Africa, which is a part of the current South African government of national unity together with the African National Congress (ANC).
See Bantustan and Inkatha Freedom Party
Interim Constitution (South Africa)
The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from during the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997.
See Bantustan and Interim Constitution (South Africa)
Internal passport
An internal or domestic passport is an identity document.
See Bantustan and Internal passport
International Telecommunication Union
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)French: Union Internationale des Télécommunications is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies.
See Bantustan and International Telecommunication Union
Islam in India
Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census.
See Bantustan and Islam in India
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict about land and self-determination within the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine.
See Bantustan and Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Intermittent discussions are held by various parties and proposals put forward in an attempt to resolve the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict through a peace process.
See Bantustan and Israeli–Palestinian peace process
John Vorster
Balthazar Johannes "B.
See Bantustan and John Vorster
Kaduna State
Kaduna State (Jihar Kaduna, جىِهَر كَدُنا; مدينة كدونا; script, 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢; Si̱tet Ka̱duna) is a state in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The state capital is its namesake, the city of Kaduna, which was the 8th largest city in the country as of 2006.
See Bantustan and Kaduna State
Kaiser Matanzima
Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima, often misspelled as Mathanzima (15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003), was the long-term leader of Transkei.
See Bantustan and Kaiser Matanzima
Katima Mulilo
Katima Mulilo or simply Katima is the capital of the Zambezi Region in Namibia.
See Bantustan and Katima Mulilo
Kavango people
The Kavango people, also known as the vaKavango or haKavango, are a Bantu ethnic group that resides on the Namibian side of the Namibian–Angolan border along the Kavango River.
See Bantustan and Kavango people
Kavangoland
Kavangoland was a bantustan and then later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Kavangos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), intended by the apartheid government to be a self-governing homeland for the Kavango people. Bantustan and Kavangoland are bantustans in South West Africa.
Keetmanshoop
Keetmanshoop is a town in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia, lying on the Trans-Namib Railway from Windhoek to Upington in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Keetmanshoop
Khoisan
Khoisan, or Khoe-Sān, is a catch-all term for the indigenous peoples of Southern Africa who traditionally speak non-Bantu languages, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Hottentots") and the Sān peoples (also called "Bushmen").
Khorixas
Khorixas is a town with about 9,000 inhabitants in the southern part of the Kunene Region, Namibia.
KwaMhlanga
KwaMhlanga is a town in the Nkangala district municipality of the Mpumalanga province in South Africa.
KwaNdebele
KwaNdebele was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a semi-independent homeland for the Ndebele people. Bantustan and KwaNdebele are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
KwaZulu
KwaZulu was a semi-independent bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a homeland for the Zulu people. Bantustan and KwaZulu are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
KwaZulu-Natal
KwaZulu-Natal (also referred to as KZN; nicknamed "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the government merged the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province.
See Bantustan and KwaZulu-Natal
League of Nations mandate
A League of Nations mandate represented a legal status under international law for specific territories following World War I, involving the transfer of control from one nation to another.
See Bantustan and League of Nations mandate
Lebowa
Lebowa was a bantustan ("homeland") located in the Transvaal in northeastern South Africa. Bantustan and Lebowa are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
Lebowakgomo
Lebowakgomo is the seat of the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality and was the capital of the former Bantustan of Lebowa.
Lesotho
Lesotho, formally the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.
List of Zulu kings
This is a list of Zulu monarchs, including chieftains and kings of the Zulu royal family from their earliest known history up to the present time.
See Bantustan and List of Zulu kings
Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.
See Bantustan and Los Angeles Times
Louieville
Louieville is a town in Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.
Lozi people
Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi and Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language| Khelobedu.
Lucas Mangope
Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (27 December 1923 – 18 January 2018) was the leader of the Bantustan (homeland) of Bophuthatswana.
See Bantustan and Lucas Mangope
Mafikeng
Mahikeng (Tswana for "Place of Rocks"), formerly known as Mafikeng and alternatively known as Mafeking, is the capital city of the North West province of South Africa.
Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality
Maluti-a-Phofung Municipality (Masepala wa Maluti-a-Phofung; UMasipala wase Maluti-a-Phofung) is a local municipality within the Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, in the Free State province of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality
Mangosuthu Buthelezi
Prince Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi (27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023) was a South African politician and Zulu prince who served as the traditional prime minister to the Zulu royal family from 1954 until his death in 2023.
See Bantustan and Mangosuthu Buthelezi
Matityahu Drobles
Matityahu Drobles (מתתיהו דרובלס, 20 April 1931 – 21 October 2018) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Gahal and Likud between 1972 and 1977.
See Bantustan and Matityahu Drobles
Matthew Hassan Kukah
Matthew Hassan Kukah (born 31 August 1952) is the current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sokoto.
See Bantustan and Matthew Hassan Kukah
Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937);; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
See Bantustan and Menachem Begin
Mmabatho
Mmabatho (Tswana for "Mother of the People") is the former capital of the North-West Province of South Africa.
Mthatha
Mthatha;, alternatively rendered Umtata, is the main town of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in Eastern Cape province of South Africa and the capital of OR Tambo District Municipality.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Nama people
Nama (in older sources also called Namaqua) are an African ethnic group of South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.
Namaland
Namaland was a Bantustan and then later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Namas, the in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), intended by the apartheid government to be a self-governing homeland for the Nama people. Bantustan and Namaland are bantustans in South West Africa.
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.
Natal (province)
The Province of Natal, commonly called Natal, was a province of South Africa from May 1910 until May 1994. Bantustan and Natal (province) are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Natal (province)
National Party (South Africa)
The National Party (Nasionale Party, NP), also known as the Nationalist Party, was a political party in South Africa from 1914 to 1997, which was responsible for the implementation of apartheid rule.
See Bantustan and National Party (South Africa)
Natives Land Act, 1913
The Natives Land Act, 1913 (subsequently renamed Bantu Land Act, 1913 and Black Land Act, 1913; Act No. 27 of 1913) was an Act of the Parliament of South Africa that was aimed at regulating the acquisition of land.
See Bantustan and Natives Land Act, 1913
Natives Resettlement Act, 1954
The Natives Resettlement Act, Act No 19 of 1954, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Natives Resettlement Act, 1954
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
See Bantustan and Nelson Mandela
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
Nongoma
Nongoma is a town in Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Okakarara
Okakarara is a town in Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia, located southeast of Waterberg National Park.
Ondangwa
Ondangwa (earlier spelling Ondangua) is a town in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia, bordering the Oshikoto Region.
Opuwo
Opuwo is the capital of the Kunene Region in north-western Namibia.
Oslo Accords
The Oslo Accords are a pair of interim agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995.
See Bantustan and Oslo Accords
Oslo II Accord
The Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip commonly known as Oslo II or Oslo 2, was a key and complex agreement in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
See Bantustan and Oslo II Accord
Oupa Gqozo
Joshua Oupa Gqozo (born 10 March 1952) was the military ruler of the former homeland of Ciskei in South Africa.
Ovambo people
The Ovambo people, also called Aawambo, Ambo, Aawambo (Ndonga, Nghandjera, Kwambi, Kwaluudhi, Kolonghadhi, Mbalantu, mbadja), or Ovawambo (Kwanyama), are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, primarily modern Namibia.
See Bantustan and Ovambo people
Ovamboland
Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Ovambos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia). Bantustan and Ovamboland are bantustans in South West Africa.
P. W. Botha
Pieter Willem Botha, (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006) was a South African politician.
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
Palestinian enclaves
The Palestinian enclaves are areas in the West Bank designated for Palestinians under a variety of unsuccessful U.S. and Israeli-led proposals to end the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
See Bantustan and Palestinian enclaves
Palestinian territories
The Palestinian territories, also known as the Occupied Palestinian Territory, consist of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip—two regions of the former British Mandate for Palestine that have been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967.
See Bantustan and Palestinian territories
Palestinians
Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.
See Bantustan and Palestinians
Partition of India
The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan.
See Bantustan and Partition of India
Pass law
In South Africa under apartheid, and South West Africa (now Namibia), pass laws served as an internal passport system designed to racially segregate the population, restrict movement of individuals, and allocate low-wage migrant labor.
Pedi people
The Pedi or Bapedi - also known as the Northern Sotho, Basotho ba Lebowa, bakgatla ba dithebe, Transvaal Sotho, Marota, or Dikgoshi - are a Sotho-Tswana ethnic group native to South Africa, Botswana, and Lesotho that speak Pedi or Sepedi, which is one of the 12 official languages in South Africa.
Penny Green
Penny Green is an Australian criminologist.
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See Bantustan and Persian language
Phuthaditjhaba
Phuthaditjhaba (originally Witsieshoek), is a town in the Free State province of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Phuthaditjhaba
Platinum
Platinum is a chemical element; it has symbol Pt and atomic number 78.
Politique africaine
Politique africaine is a quarterly francophone academic journal that publishes articles and book reviews on current issues in African politics.
See Bantustan and Politique africaine
Pondoland
Pondoland or Mpondoland (Mpondo: EmaMpondweni), is a natural region on the South African shores of the Indian Ocean.
Pretoria
Pretoria, is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.
Prime Minister of South Africa
The prime minister of South Africa (Eerste Minister van Suid-Afrika) was the head of government in South Africa between 1910 and 1984.
See Bantustan and Prime Minister of South Africa
The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, 1959 (Act No. 46 of 1959, commenced 19 June; subsequently renamed the Promotion of Black Self-government Act, 1959 and later the Representation between the Republic of South Africa and Self-governing Territories Act, 1959) was an important piece of South African apartheid legislation that allowed for the transformation of traditional tribal lands into "fully fledged independent states Bantustans", which would supposedly provide for the right to self-determination of the country's black population. Bantustan and Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959 are bantustans in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959
Proper noun
A proper noun is a noun that identifies a single entity and is used to refer to that entity (Africa; Jupiter; Sarah; Walmart) as distinguished from a common noun, which is a noun that refers to a class of entities (continent, planet, person, corporation) and may be used when referring to instances of a specific class (a continent, another planet, these persons, our corporation).
Provinces of South Africa
South Africa is divided into nine provinces.
See Bantustan and Provinces of South Africa
QSL card
A QSL card is a written confirmation of either a two-way radiocommunication between two amateur radio or citizens band stations; a one-way reception of a signal from an AM radio, FM radio, television or shortwave broadcasting station; or the reception of a two-way radiocommunication by a third party listener.
QwaQwa
QwaQwa was a bantustan ("homeland") in the central eastern part of South Africa. Bantustan and QwaQwa are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
Racial segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.
See Bantustan and Racial segregation
Reason (magazine)
Reason is an American libertarian monthly magazine published by the Reason Foundation, with the tagline "Free Minds and Free Markets".
See Bantustan and Reason (magazine)
Rehoboth (homeland)
Rehoboth (or Basterland) was a homeland in South West Africa (present-day Namibia) intended by the apartheid-era government to be a self-governing homeland for the Baster people in the area around the town of Rehoboth. Bantustan and Rehoboth (homeland) are bantustans in South West Africa.
See Bantustan and Rehoboth (homeland)
Rehoboth, Namibia
Rehoboth is a town in central Namibia just north of the Tropic of Capricorn.
See Bantustan and Rehoboth, Namibia
Rundu
Rundu is the capital and largest city of the Kavango-East Region in northern Namibia.
Satchi Ponnambalam
Justice Satchi Ponnambalam (27 January 1935 – 31 January 1999) was a leading Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and judge.
See Bantustan and Satchi Ponnambalam
Schoemansdal, Mpumalanga
Schoemansdal (officially KaMatsamo) is a town in the province of Mpumalanga (eastern Transvaal) in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Schoemansdal, Mpumalanga
Self-governance
Self-governance, self-government, self-sovereignty, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority.
See Bantustan and Self-governance
Seshego
Seshego is a township in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of the Republic of South Africa.
Shanty town
A shanty town, squatter area or squatter settlement is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood.
Sibasa
Sibasa is a village in Limpopo Province, South Africa and the former capital city of Venda bantustan.
Sinhalese people
The Sinhalese people (Sinhala Janathāva), also known as the Sinhalese or Sinhala people are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the island of Sri Lanka.
See Bantustan and Sinhalese people
Siyabuswa
Siyabuswa is a township in South Africa in the province of Mpumalanga (a region formerly called Eastern Transvaal).
Slum
A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.
Sotho people
The Sotho, also known as the Basotho, are a prominent Sotho-Tswana ethnic group native to Southern Africa.
See Bantustan and Sotho people
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
See Bantustan and South Africa
South African Border War
The South African Border War, also known as the Namibian War of Independence, and sometimes denoted in South Africa as the Angolan Bush War, was a largely asymmetric conflict that occurred in Namibia (then South West Africa), Zambia, and Angola from 26 August 1966 to 21 March 1990.
See Bantustan and South African Border War
South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994.
See Bantustan and South African Defence Force
South African Institute of Race Relations
The South African Institute of Race Relations (IRR) is a research and policy organisation in South Africa.
See Bantustan and South African Institute of Race Relations
South African nationality law
South African nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of South Africa.
See Bantustan and South African nationality law
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
South West Africa
South West Africa, renamed to Namibia from 12 June 1968, was a South African Province under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia.
See Bantustan and South West Africa
Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos.
See Bantustan and Southeast Europe
Southern Ndebele people
AmaNdebele are an ethnic group native to South Africa who speak isiNdebele.
See Bantustan and Southern Ndebele people
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
See Bantustan and Stanford University Press
State President of South Africa
The State President of the Republic of South Africa (Staatspresident van Republiek van Suid-Afrika) was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. Bantustan and state President of South Africa are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa.
See Bantustan and State President of South Africa
Sun City (South Africa)
Sun City is a luxury resort and casino, situated in the North West Province of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Sun City (South Africa)
Swazi people
The Swazi or Swati (Swati: Emaswati, singular Liswati) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, inhabiting Eswatini, a sovereign kingdom in Southern Africa, and South Africa's Mpumalanga province.
See Bantustan and Swazi people
Tamil Eelam
Tamil Eelam (தமிழீழம், tamiḻ īḻam; generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas as தமிழ் ஈழம்) is a proposed independent state that many Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Eelam Tamil diaspora aspire to create in the north and east of Sri Lanka.
The Bartlett
The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, also known as The Bartlett, is the academic centre for the study of the built environment at University College London (UCL), United Kingdom.
See Bantustan and The Bartlett
Thembisile Hani Local Municipality
Thembisile Hani Municipality (UMasipaladi weThembisile Hani; Mmasepala wa Thembisile Hani; UMasipala iThembisile Hani) is a local municipality within the Nkangala District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Thembisile Hani Local Municipality
Thohoyandou
Thohoyandou (Ṱhohoyanḓou) is a town in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.
Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refers to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians.
See Bantustan and Township (South Africa)
Transkei
Transkei (meaning the area beyond the river Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei (iRiphabliki yeTranskei), was an unrecognised state in the southeastern region of South Africa from 1976 to 1994. Bantustan and Transkei are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
Trump peace plan
The Trump peace plan, officially titled "Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People", was a proposal by the Trump administration to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
See Bantustan and Trump peace plan
Tsonga people
The Tsonga people (Vatsonga) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily native to Southern Mozambique and South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga).
See Bantustan and Tsonga people
Tsumkwe
Tsumkwe (Juǀʼhoan: Tjumǃkui) is a settlement in the Otjozondjupa Region of northeastern Namibia and the district capital of the Tsumkwe electoral constituency.
Tswana people
The Tswana (Batswana, singular Motswana) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa.
See Bantustan and Tswana people
Tswanaland
Tswanaland was a bantustan and then later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Tswanas, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), in the far central eastern area of the territory around the village of Aminuis. Bantustan and Tswanaland are bantustans in South West Africa.
Ulundi
Ulundi, also known as Mahlabathini, is a town in the Zululand District Municipality.
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.
See Bantustan and Union of South Africa
United Christian Democratic Party
The United Christian Democratic Party is a minor political party in South Africa.
See Bantustan and United Christian Democratic Party
United Democratic Movement
The United Democratic Movement (UDM) is a centre-left, social-democratic, South African political party, formed by a prominent former National Party leader, Roelf Meyer (who has since resigned from the UDM), a former African National Congress and Transkei homeland leader, General Bantu Holomisa, and a former ANC Executive Committee member, John Taylor.
See Bantustan and United Democratic Movement
United Nations Human Rights Council
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.
See Bantustan and United Nations Human Rights Council
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Bantustan and United States
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber.
See Bantustan and United States House of Representatives
Venda
Venda or Tswetla, officially the Republic of Venda (Riphabuliki ya Venḓa; Republiek van Venda), was a Bantustan in northern South Africa. Bantustan and Venda are 1994 disestablishments in South Africa and bantustans in South Africa.
Venda people
The Venḓa (VhaVenḓa or Vhangona) are a Bantu people native to Southern Africa living mostly near the South African-Zimbabwean border.
See Bantustan and Venda people
Volkstaat
A Volkstaat ("People's State"), also called a Boerestaat, is a proposed White homeland for Afrikaners within the borders of South Africa, most commonly proposed as a fully independent Boer/Afrikaner nation. Bantustan and Volkstaat are political terminology in South Africa.
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Bantustan and W. W. Norton & Company
War Relocation Authority
The War Relocation Authority (WRA) was a United States government agency established to handle the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
See Bantustan and War Relocation Authority
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
West Bank
The West Bank (aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; HaGadáh HaMaʽarávit), so called due to its location relative to the Jordan River, is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip).
White South Africans
White South Africans are South Africans of European descent.
See Bantustan and White South Africans
World Zionist Organization
The World Zionist Organization (הַהִסְתַּדְּרוּת הַצִּיּוֹנִית הָעוֹלָמִית; HaHistadrut HaTzionit Ha'Olamit), or WZO, is a non-governmental organization that promotes Zionism.
See Bantustan and World Zionist Organization
Xhosa people
The Xhosa people, or Xhosa-speaking people are a Bantu ethnic group native to South Africa.
See Bantustan and Xhosa people
Ximoko Party
The Ximoko Party is a minor political party in South Africa.
See Bantustan and Ximoko Party
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Bantustan and Yale University Press
Zulu people
Zulu people (amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni.
Zulu royal family
The Zulu royal family, also known as the House of Zulu consists of the king of the Zulus, his consorts, and all of his legitimate descendants.
See Bantustan and Zulu royal family
Zwelitsha
Zwelitsha is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
1987 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 6 May 1987.
See Bantustan and 1987 South African general election
1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
The 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis was a major political crisis which began after Lucas Mangope, the president of Bophuthatswana, a nominally independent South African bantustan created under apartheid, attempted to crush widespread labour unrest and popular demonstrations demanding the incorporation of the territory into South Africa pending non-racial elections later that year.
See Bantustan and 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
1994 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994.
See Bantustan and 1994 South African general election
2000 Camp David Summit
The 2000 Camp David Summit was a summit meeting at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat.
See Bantustan and 2000 Camp David Summit
See also
1994 disestablishments in South Africa
- Apartheid
- Bantustan
- Bophuthatswana
- Bophuthatswana Air Force
- Cabinet of F. W. de Klerk
- Cape Province
- Ciskei
- Ciskei Defence Medal
- Dutch Reformed Church in Africa
- Flag of South Africa (1928–1994)
- Flitestar
- Gazankulu
- House of Assembly (South Africa)
- House of Delegates (South Africa)
- House of Representatives (South Africa)
- KaNgwane
- KwaNdebele
- KwaZulu
- Lebowa
- Lion Cup
- Medal for Long Service, Bronze
- Natal (province)
- National Peacekeeping Force
- Orange Free State (province)
- Organisation of Lesbian and Gay Activists
- QwaQwa
- Sandile Medal
- South African Defence Force Ensign
- Southern Africa Medal
- State President of South Africa
- Transitional Executive Council
- Transkei
- Transvaal (province)
- Trek Airways
- Tricameral Parliament
- Venda
- Vrye Weekblad
Bantustans in South Africa
- Bantustan
- Bophuthatswana
- Ciskei
- Gazankulu
- KaNgwane
- KwaNdebele
- KwaZulu
- Lebowa
- Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959
- QwaQwa
- Transkei
- Venda
Bantustans in South West Africa
- Bantustan
- Bushmanland (South West Africa)
- Damaraland
- East Caprivi
- Hereroland
- Kaokoland
- Kavangoland
- Namaland
- Ovamboland
- Rehoboth (homeland)
- Tswanaland
Lands reserved for indigenous peoples
- American Indian reservations
- Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China
- Autonomous okrugs of Russia
- Autonomous regions of China
- Autonomous republics of Ukraine
- Bangsamoro
- Bantustan
- Cordillera Administrative Region
- Ethnic townships of the People's Republic of China
- Hawaiian home land
- Indian reserves
- Indigenous Area (Taiwan)
- Indigenous territories of Costa Rica
- Indigenous territory (Costa Rica)
- Kalinago Territory
- North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
- Northeast India
- Off-reservation trust land
- Punta Chueca
- Republics of Russia
- South India
- States of Myanmar
Political terminology in South Africa
- Apartheid
- Baasskap
- Bantustan
- Boerehaat
- Cape Qualified Franchise
- Greater South Africa
- Honorary whites
- Occupy South Africa
- Proudly South African
- Purple Rain protest
- Rainbow nation
- Reverse racism
- Rooi gevaar
- Swart gevaar
- Tar Baby option
- Tenderpreneur
- Third Force (South Africa)
- Ubuntu philosophy
- Uhuru Movement
- Uitlander
- Volkstaat
- Volkstaat Council
- White monopoly capital
South African English
- Amandla (power)
- Baasskap
- Banket (mining term)
- Bantustan
- Basters
- Bergie
- Boerewors
- Boma (enclosure)
- Cape Flats English
- Dam (agricultural reservoir)
- Droëwors
- Goffal
- Hottentot (racial term)
- Impi
- InDuna
- Indaba
- Izikhothane
- Kaffir (racial term)
- Karoo
- Kraal
- List of English words of Zulu origin
- List of South African English regionalisms
- List of South African slang words
- Madiba shirt
- Makarapa
- Muti
- Okapi (knife)
- Predikant
- Rhodie
- Rondavel
- Shebeen
- Shweshwe
- Sjambok
- South African English
- Spoor (animal)
- Strandloper peoples
- Uitlander
- Ukuthwalwa
- Veld
- Volkspele
- Vuvuzela
- Whenwe
- White South African English phonology
- Zef
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantustan
Also known as Apartheid Black Homelands, Apartheid homeland system, Bantustans, Bantustans in South West Africa, Black African homeland, Black African homelands, Black homeland, Black homelands, Homeland (South Africa), Separate development, South Africa Black Homelands, South African Homeland, South West African Bantustans, TBVC States, TVBC, TVBC countries, TVBC states.
, Giyani, Group Areas Act, Hamastan, Hendrik Verwoerd, Herero people, Himba people, Hinduism in Pakistan, Hindus, Homeland, House of Assembly, Hukou, Independence, India, Indian reservation, Indian reserve, Indian South Africans, Indian subcontinent, Indigenous peoples of Africa, Inkatha Freedom Party, Interim Constitution (South Africa), Internal passport, International Telecommunication Union, Islam in India, Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian peace process, John Vorster, Kaduna State, Kaiser Matanzima, Katima Mulilo, Kavango people, Kavangoland, Keetmanshoop, Khoisan, Khorixas, KwaMhlanga, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, KwaZulu-Natal, League of Nations mandate, Lebowa, Lebowakgomo, Lesotho, List of Zulu kings, Los Angeles Times, Louieville, Lozi people, Lucas Mangope, Mafikeng, Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Matityahu Drobles, Matthew Hassan Kukah, Menachem Begin, Mmabatho, Mthatha, Muslims, Nama people, Namaland, Namibia, Natal (province), National Party (South Africa), Natives Land Act, 1913, Natives Resettlement Act, 1954, Nelson Mandela, Nigeria, Nongoma, Okakarara, Ondangwa, Opuwo, Oslo Accords, Oslo II Accord, Oupa Gqozo, Ovambo people, Ovamboland, P. W. Botha, Pakistan, Palestinian enclaves, Palestinian territories, Palestinians, Partition of India, Pass law, Pedi people, Penny Green, Persian language, Phuthaditjhaba, Platinum, Politique africaine, Pondoland, Pretoria, Prime Minister of South Africa, Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959, Proper noun, Provinces of South Africa, QSL card, QwaQwa, Racial segregation, Reason (magazine), Rehoboth (homeland), Rehoboth, Namibia, Rundu, Satchi Ponnambalam, Schoemansdal, Mpumalanga, Self-governance, Seshego, Shanty town, Sibasa, Sinhalese people, Siyabuswa, Slum, Sotho people, South Africa, South African Border War, South African Defence Force, South African Institute of Race Relations, South African nationality law, South Asia, South West Africa, Southeast Europe, Southern Ndebele people, Sri Lanka, Stanford University Press, State President of South Africa, Sun City (South Africa), Swazi people, Tamil Eelam, The Bartlett, Thembisile Hani Local Municipality, Thohoyandou, Township (South Africa), Transkei, Trump peace plan, Tsonga people, Tsumkwe, Tswana people, Tswanaland, Ulundi, Union of South Africa, United Christian Democratic Party, United Democratic Movement, United Nations Human Rights Council, United States, United States House of Representatives, Venda, Venda people, Volkstaat, W. W. Norton & Company, War Relocation Authority, West Asia, West Bank, White South Africans, World Zionist Organization, Xhosa people, Ximoko Party, Yale University Press, Zulu people, Zulu royal family, Zwelitsha, 1987 South African general election, 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis, 1994 South African general election, 2000 Camp David Summit.