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Bar Kokhba revolt, the Glossary

Index Bar Kokhba revolt

The Bar Kokhba revolt (מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 224 relations: A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Aboud, Adin Steinsaltz, Adullam Grove Nature Reserve, Aelia Capitolina, Aqraba, Nablus, Arabia Petraea, As-Salt, Auxilia, Avner Falk, Ayn al-Zara, Bar Kokhba hiding complexes, Bar Kokhba revolt coinage, Baraita, Battir, Bayt Jibrin, Bayt Nattif, Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park, Beit She'an, Beitar Illit, Benjamin Isaac, Benno Elkan, Betar, Betar (ancient village), Book of Numbers, Brit milah, Byzantine Empire, Caesarea Maritima, Cappadocia (Roman province), Cassius Dio, Cave of Horrors, Cave of Letters, Centurion, Chronicon Paschale, Church Fathers, Colonia (Roman), Constantine the Great and Judaism, Constantinian dynasty, Dalmatia (Roman province), Danube, David Ben-Gurion, Dead Sea, Death by burning, Deir Alla, Destruction layer, Dionysus, Early Christianity, Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius), Ein Gedi, Eleazar ben Shammua, ... Expand index (174 more) »

  2. 130s conflicts
  3. 130s in the Roman Empire
  4. 132
  5. 133
  6. 134
  7. 135
  8. 136
  9. 2nd-century rebellions
  10. Jewish nationalism
  11. Jewish rebellions
  12. Judea (Roman province)

A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome

A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome is a reference work written by Samuel Ball Platner (1863–1921).

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Aboud

Aboud (عابود, ʿĀbūd) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the central West Bank, northwest of Ramallah and 30 kilometers north of Jerusalem.

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Adin Steinsaltz

Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz (11 July 19377 August 2020) (עדין אבן-ישראל שטיינזלץ) was an Israeli Chabad Chasidic rabbi, teacher, philosopher, social critic, author, translator and publisher.

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Adullam Grove Nature Reserve

Adullam Grove Nature Reserve (שמורת טבע חורש עדולם) is a nature reserve in central Israel, south of Beit Shemesh, managed by the Israel Nature and National Parks Protection Authority.

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Aelia Capitolina

Aelia Capitolina (full name in Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a Roman colony founded during Emperor Hadrian's visit to Judaea in 129/130 AD, centered around Jerusalem, which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 AD. Bar Kokhba revolt and Aelia Capitolina are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire and Judea (Roman province).

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Aqraba, Nablus

Aqraba (عقربا) is a Palestinian town in the Nablus Governorate, located eighteen kilometers southeast of Nablus in the northern West Bank.

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Arabia Petraea

Arabia Petraea or Petrea, also known as Rome's Arabian Province (Provincia Arabia; العربية الصخرية.; Ἐπαρχία Πετραίας Ἀραβίας) or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the 2nd century.

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As-Salt

As-Salt (السلط As-Salt), also known as Salt, is an ancient trading city and administrative centre in west-central Jordan.

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Auxilia

The auxilia were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 27 BC.

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Avner Falk

Avner Falk (אבנר פלק; born 1943) is an Israeli clinical psychologist and author.

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Ayn al-Zara

Ayn al-Zara (ʿAyn al-Zʾāra), known in ancient times as Callirrhoe (Θερμὰ Καλλιρόης, Thermà Kallirhoēs), is an archaeological site in Jordan.

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Bar Kokhba hiding complexes

The Bar Kokhba hiding complexes are underground hideout systems built by Jewish rebels and their communities in Judaea and used during the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) against the Roman Empire.

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Bar Kokhba revolt coinage

Bar Kokhba revolt coinage were coins issued by the Judaean rebel state, headed by Simon Bar Kokhba, during the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire of 132–135 CE. Bar Kokhba revolt and Bar Kokhba revolt coinage are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Baraita

Baraita (translit "external" or "outside"; pl. bārayāṯā or in Hebrew baraitot; also baraitha, beraita; Ashkenazi pronunciation: berayse) designates a tradition in the Oral Torah of Rabbinical Judaism that is not incorporated in the Mishnah.

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Battir

Battir (بتير, Hebrew: ביתר) is a Palestinian village in the Bethlehem Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the West Bank, 6.4 km west of Bethlehem, and southwest of Jerusalem.

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Bayt Jibrin

Bayt Jibrin or Beit Jibrin (بيت جبرين; translit), known between 200-400 CE as Eleutheropolis (Greek, Ἐλευθερόπολις, "Free City"; إليوثيروبوليس), was a historical town, located in central Israel near the 1949 ceasefire line, northwest of the city of Hebron.The town had a total land area of 56,185 dunams or, of which were built-up while the rest remained farmland.

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Bayt Nattif

Bayt Nattif or Beit Nattif (بيت نتّيف, and alternatively) was a Palestinian Arab village, located some 20 kilometers (straight line distance) southwest of Jerusalem, midway on the ancient Roman road between Beit Guvrin and Jerusalem, and 21 km northwest of Hebron. Bar Kokhba revolt and Bayt Nattif are Judea (Roman province).

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Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park

Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park is a national park in central Israel, containing a large network of caves recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

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Beit She'an

Beit She'an (בֵּית שְׁאָן), also Beth-shean, formerly Beisan (بيسان), is a town in the Northern District of Israel.

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Beitar Illit

Beitar Illit (בֵּיתָר עִלִּית; officially Betar Illit; بيتار عيليت) is a Haredi Jewish-Israeli settlement organized as a city council in the Gush Etzion settlement bloc, southwest of Jerusalem in the West Bank.

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Benjamin Isaac

Benjamin Henri Isaac (Ben Isaac; בנימין איזק; born May 10, 1945) is the Fred and Helen Lessing Professor of Ancient History Emeritus at Tel Aviv University.

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Benno Elkan

Benno Elkan OBE (2 December 1877, Dortmund, Westphalia – 10 January 1960, London) was a German-born British sculptor and medallist.

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Betar

The Betar Movement (תנועת בית"ר), also spelled Beitar (בית"ר), is a Revisionist Zionist youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia, by Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky.

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Betar (ancient village)

Betar, also spelled Beitar, Bethar or Bether, was an ancient Jewish town in the Judaean Mountains.

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Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers'; בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar,; Liber Numeri) is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.

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Brit milah

The brit milah (bərīṯ mīlā,,; "covenant of circumcision") or bris (ברית) is the ceremony of circumcision in Judaism and Samaritanism, during which the foreskin is surgically removed.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Caesarea Maritima

Caesarea (Kaisáreia; Qēsaryah; Qaysāriyyah), also Caesarea Maritima, Caesarea Palaestinae or Caesarea Stratonis, was an ancient and medieval port city on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, and later a small fishing village. Bar Kokhba revolt and Caesarea Maritima are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Cappadocia (Roman province)

Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea.

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Cassius Dio

Lucius Cassius Dio, also known as Dio Cassius (Δίων Κάσσιος), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin.

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Cave of Horrors

Cave of Horror (Me'arat Ha'Eima) is the nickname given to a refuge cave that archaeologists have catalogued as Nahal Hever Cave 8 (8Hev) of the Judaean Desert, Israel, where the remains of Jewish refugees from the Bar Kokhba revolt (c. 132–136 AD) were found. Bar Kokhba revolt and cave of Horrors are Jewish refugees and Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Cave of Letters

The Cave of Letters is a refuge cave in Nahal Hever in the Judean Desert where letters and fragments of papyri from the Roman Empire period were found. Bar Kokhba revolt and cave of Letters are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Centurion

In the Roman army during classical antiquity, a centurion (centurio,. label; kentyríōn, or), was a commander, nominally of a century, a military unit originally consisting of 100 legionaries.

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Chronicon Paschale

Chronicon Paschale (the Paschal or Easter Chronicle), also called Chronicum Alexandrinum, Constantinopolitanum or Fasti Siculi, is the conventional name of a 7th-century Greek Christian chronicle of the world.

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Church Fathers

The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.

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Colonia (Roman)

A Roman colonia (coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it.

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Constantine the Great and Judaism

When Constantine the Great came to power in 306, he worked to stop the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

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Constantinian dynasty

The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363.

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Dalmatia (Roman province)

Dalmatia was a Roman province.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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David Ben-Gurion

David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.

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Dead Sea

The Dead Sea (al-Baḥr al-Mayyit, or label; Yām hamMelaḥ), also known by other names, is a landlocked salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Israel to the west.

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Death by burning

Death by burning is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat.

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Deir Alla

Deir Alla (Arabic: دير علا) is the site of an ancient Near Eastern town in Balqa Governorate, Jordan.

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Destruction layer

A destruction layer is a stratum found in the excavation of an archaeological site showing evidence of the hiding and burial of valuables, the presence of widespread fire, mass murder, unburied corpses, loose weapons in public places, or other evidence of destruction, either by natural causes (for example earthquakes), or as a result of a human action.

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Dionysus

In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (Διόνυσος) is the god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre.

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Early Christianity

Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

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Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)

The Ecclesiastical History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ Ἱστορία, Ekklēsiastikḕ Historía; Historia Ecclesiastica), also known as The History of the Church and Church History, is a 4th-century chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century, composed by Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea.

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Ein Gedi

Ein Gedi (ʿēn ged̲i), also spelled En Gedi, meaning "spring of the kid", is an oasis, an archeological site and a nature reserve in Israel, located west of the Dead Sea, near Masada and the Qumran Caves.

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Eleazar ben Shammua

Eleazar ben Shammua or Eleazar I (Hebrew: אלעזר בן שמוע) was a rabbi of the 2nd century (4th generation of tannaim), frequently cited in rabbinic writings as simply Rabbi Eleazar (Bavli) or Rabbi Lazar רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר (Yerushalmi).

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Eleazar of Modi'im

Eleazar of Modi'im (אלעזר המודעי) was a Jewish scholar of the second tannaitic generation (1st and 2nd centuries), disciple of Johanan ben Zakkai, and contemporary of Joshua ben Hananiah and Eliezer ben Hyrcanus.

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Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

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Europeana

Europeana is a web portal created by the European Union containing digitised cultural heritage collections of more than 3,000 institutions across Europe.

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Eusebius

Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.

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First Jewish–Roman War

The First Jewish–Roman War (66–74 CE), sometimes called the Great Jewish Revolt (ha-Mered Ha-Gadol), or The Jewish War, was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire fought in the province of Judaea, resulting in the destruction of Jewish towns, the displacement of its people and the appropriation of land for Roman military use, as well as the destruction of the Jewish Temple and polity. Bar Kokhba revolt and first Jewish–Roman War are Judea (Roman province) and religion-based wars.

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Flaying

Flaying is a method of slow and painful torture and/or execution in which skin is removed from the body.

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Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus

Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus was a Roman senator active in the first quarter of the second century AD.

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Galilee

Galilee (hagGālīl; Galilaea; al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon.

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Gaza City

Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.

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Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

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Givat Ram

Givat Ram (גִּבְעַת רָם) is a neighborhood in central Jerusalem.

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Golan Heights

The Golan Heights (Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or; רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau, at the southwest corner of Syria.

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Haaretz

Haaretz (originally Ḥadshot Haaretz –) is an Israeli newspaper.

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Hadrian

Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.

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Hanina ben Hakinai

Hanina ben Hakinai or Hanania ben Hakinai (Hebrew: חנינא בן חכינאי) was a Tanna of the 2nd century; contemporary of Ben 'Azzai and Simeon the Yemenite.

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Haninah ben Teradion

Rabbi Haninah ben Teradion (חֲנִינָא בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן Ḥănīnāʾ ben Təraḏyōn) or Hananiah (Ḥănanyā) ben Teradion was a rabbi and tanna of the third generation (2nd century).

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Hebrew calendar

The Hebrew calendar (translit), also called the Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar calendar used today for Jewish religious observance and as an official calendar of Israel.

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Hebron Hills

The Hebron Hills, also known as Mount Hebron (translit, translit), are a mountain ridge, geographic region, and geologic formation, constituting the southern part of the Judean Mountains.

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Herodium

Herodion (Ἡρώδειον; هيروديون; הרודיון), Herodium (Latin), or Jabal al-Fureidis ("Mountain of the Little Paradise") is an ancient fortress located south of Jerusalem and southeast of Bethlehem. Bar Kokhba revolt and Herodium are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Heshbon

Heshbon (also Hesebon, Esebon, Esbous, Esbus; حشبون, Esebus, חשבון Ḥešbōn, Ἐσεβών, Ἐσσεβών, Ἐσβούτα, Ἐσβούς, Ἔσβους, Ἔξβους) were at least two different ancient towns located east of the Jordan River in what is now the Kingdom of Jordan, historically within the territories of ancient Ammon.

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Hisham's Palace

Hisham's Palace (قصر هشام), also known as Khirbat al-Mafjar (خربة المفجر), is an important early Islamic archaeological site in the Palestinian city of Jericho, in the West Bank.

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Historia Augusta

The Historia Augusta (English: Augustan History) is a late Roman collection of biographies, written in Latin, of the Roman emperors, their junior colleagues, designated heirs and usurpers from 117 to 284.

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History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel

The history of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel begins in the 2nd millennium BCE, when Israelites emerged as an outgrowth of southern Canaanites.

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History of the Jews in the Roman Empire

The history of the Jews in the Roman Empire (Iudaeorum Romanum) traces the interaction of Jews and Romans during the period of the Roman Empire (27 BCE – 476 CE). Bar Kokhba revolt and history of the Jews in the Roman Empire are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Hoard

A hoard or "wealth deposit" is an archaeological term for a collection of valuable objects or artifacts, sometimes purposely buried in the ground, in which case it is sometimes also known as a cache.

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Horvat 'Ethri

Horvat 'Ethri (lit; also spelled Hurvat Itri, Ethri, Atari), or Umm Suweid (Arabic for "mother of the buckthorns"), is an archaeological site situated in the Judean Lowlands in modern-day Israel.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

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Internet Sacred Text Archive

The Internet Sacred Text Archive (ISTA) is a Santa Cruz, California-based website dedicated to the preservation of electronic public domain religious texts.

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Iraq al-Amir

'Iraq al-Amir or Araq el-Amir (Arabic:عراق الأمير - literally, "Caves of the Prince") is the name shared by a town and nearby caves, within the municipality of Amman in the Jordan Valley.

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Israel Exploration Journal

The Israel Exploration Journal is a biannual academic journal which has been published by the Israel Exploration Society since 1950.

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Israel Museum

The Israel Museum (מוזיאון ישראל, Muze'on Yisrael, متحف إسرائيل) is an art and archaeology museum in Jerusalem.

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Israeli coastal plain

Israeli coastal plain (מישור החוף, Mishor HaḤof) is the Israeli segment of the Levantine coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea, extending north to south.

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Jacob

Jacob (Yaʿqūb; Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Jerash

Jerash (جرش Ǧaraš; Gérasa) is a city in northern Jordan.

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Jerome

Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jerusalem Talmud

The Jerusalem Talmud (translit, often for short) or Palestinian Talmud, also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah. Bar Kokhba revolt and Jerusalem Talmud are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Jeshbab the Scribe

Jeshbab the Scribe (or Yeshbab the Scribe, יְשֵבָב הַסוֹפֵר, Yəšēḇāḇ haSōfēr) was a third generation Jewish Tanna sage, at the beginning of the 2nd century.

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Jewish Christianity

Jewish Christians were the followers of a Jewish religious sect that emerged in Judea during the late Second Temple period (first century AD).

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Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.

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Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic or Jewish Western Aramaic was a Western Aramaic language spoken by the Jews during the Classic Era in Judea and the Levant, specifically in Hasmonean, Herodian and Roman Judaea and adjacent lands in the late first millennium BCE, and later in Syria Palaestina and Palaestina Secunda in the early first millennium CE. Bar Kokhba revolt and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus

The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus, also known as the Gallus Revolt, erupted during the Roman civil war of 350–353, upon destabilization across the Roman Empire. Bar Kokhba revolt and Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus are Jewish rebellions.

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Jewish revolt against Heraclius

The Jewish revolt against Heraclius was part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 and is considered the last serious Jewish attempt to regain autonomy in Palaestina Prima prior to modern times. Bar Kokhba revolt and Jewish revolt against Heraclius are Jewish rebellions.

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Jewish–Roman wars

The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea and the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. Bar Kokhba revolt and Jewish–Roman wars are 130s conflicts, 130s in the Roman Empire, Jewish rebellions, Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire, Judea (Roman province) and religion-based wars.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Jifna

Jifna (جفنا, Jifnâ) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank, located north of Ramallah and north of Jerusalem.

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Jonas C. Greenfield

Jonas Carl Greenfield (October 20, 1926 in New York City – March 13, 1995 in Jerusalem) was an American scholar of Semitic languages, who published in the fields of Semitic epigraphy, Aramaic studies, and Qumran studies, and a distinguished member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

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Jordan Valley

The Jordan Valley (Ghawr al-Urdunn; Emek HaYarden) forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley.

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Judaea (Roman province)

Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea. Bar Kokhba revolt and Judaea (Roman province) are Judea (Roman province).

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Judaean Desert

The Judaean Desert or Judean Desert (Bariyah al-Khalil, Midbar Yehuda) is a desert in the West Bank and Israel that lies east of the Judaean Mountains, so east of Jerusalem, and descends to the Dead Sea.

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Judaean Mountains

The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills (translit) or the Hebron Mountains (lit), are a mountain range in Israel and the West Bank where Jerusalem, Hebron and several other biblical cities are located.

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Judah ben Bava

Judah ben Bava was a rabbi in the 2nd century who ordained a number of rabbis at a time when the Roman government forbade this ceremony.

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Judah ben Dama

Judah ben Dama was one of the Ten Martyrs slain in the Jewish literary work, the Midrash Eleh Ezkerah.

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Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

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Judea

Judea or Judaea (Ἰουδαία,; Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant.

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Julian (emperor)

Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus; Ἰουλιανός; 331 – 26 June 363) was the Caesar of the West from 355 to 360 and Roman emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.

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Jupiter (god)

Jupiter (Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (gen. Iovis), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology.

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Khirbet Tibnah

Khirbet Tibnah (also Tibneh), is an archaeological site located in the West Bank, between the villages Deir Nidham and Nabi Salih.

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Kiln

A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes.

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Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)

According to the Deuteronomistic history in the Hebrew Bible, a United Monarchy or United Kingdom of Israel existed under the reigns of Saul, Eshbaal, David, and Solomon, encompassing the territories of both the later kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

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Kitos War

The Kitos War (115–117; mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות mered ha-tfutzot; "rebellion of the diaspora" Tumultus Iudaicus) was one of the major Jewish–Roman wars (66–136). Bar Kokhba revolt and Kitos War are 2nd-century rebellions and religion-based wars.

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Knesset Menorah

The Knesset Menorah (Hebrew: מנורת הכנסת Menorat HaKnesset) is a bronze menorah that is 4.30 meters high and 3.5 meters wide and weighs 4 tons.

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LacusCurtius

LacusCurtius is a website specializing in ancient Rome, currently hosted on a server at the University of Chicago.

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Lamentations Rabbah

The Midrash on Lamentations (translit) is a midrashic commentary to the Book of Lamentations.

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Legio

Legio was a Roman military camp south of Tel Megiddo in the Roman province of Galilee.

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Legio II Traiana Fortis

Legio II Traiana, (Second Legion "Trajan") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army raised by emperor Trajan, along with XXX ''Ulpia Victrix'', for the campaigns in Dacia.

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Legio III Cyrenaica

Legio III Cyrenaica, (Third Legion "Cyrenean") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio III Gallica

Legio III Gallica (Third Legion "Gallic") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio IV Flavia Felix

Legio IV Flavia Felix ("Lucky Flavian Fourth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 70 by the emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79) from the cadre of the disbanded Legio IV ''Macedonica''.

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Legio IX Hispana

Legio IX Hispana ("9th Spanish Legion"), also written as Legio VIIII Hispana, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the 1st century BC until at least 120 AD.

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Legio V Macedonica

Legio V Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion.

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Legio VI Ferrata

Legio VI Ferrata ("Sixth Ironclad Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio X Fretensis

Legio X Fretensis ("Tenth legion of the Strait") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio X Gemina

Legio X Gemina ("10th Twin(s) Legion" in English), was a Roman legion, which was active during the late Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire as part of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio XI Claudia

Legio XI Claudia ("Claudius' Eleventh Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio XII Fulminata

Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

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Legio XXII Deiotariana

Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca.

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Licinia Eudoxia

Licinia Eudoxia (Greek: Λικινία, 422 – c. 493) was a Roman Empress, daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II.

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List of conflicts in the Near East

This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (– c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north).

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List of Jewish messiah claimants

The Messiah in Judaism means anointed one; it included Jewish priests, prophets and kings such as David and Cyrus the Great.

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List of messiah claimants

This is a list of notable people who have been said to be a messiah, either by themselves or by their followers.

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Loeb Classical Library

The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb) is a series of books originally published by Heinemann in London, but is currently published by Harvard University Press.

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Lower Galilee

The Lower Galilee (translit) is a region within the Northern District of Israel.

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Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. Bar Kokhba revolt and Maimonides are Jewish refugees.

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Malha

Malha is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, between Pat, Ramat Denya and Kiryat Hayovel in the Valley of Rephaim.

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Maresha

Tel Maresha (תל מראשה) is the tell (archaeological mound) of the biblical Iron Age city of Maresha, and of the subsequent, post-586 BCE Idumean city known by its Hellenised name Marisa, Arabised as Marissa (ماريسا).

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Massacre

A massacre is an event of killing people who are not engaged in hostilities or are defenseless.

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Messiah in Judaism

The Messiah in Judaism is a savior and liberator figure in Jewish eschatology who is believed to be the future redeemer of the Jews.

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Midrash

Midrash (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. מִדְרָשׁ; מִדְרָשִׁים or midrashot) is expansive Jewish Biblical exegesis using a rabbinic mode of interpretation prominent in the Talmud.

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Minerva

Minerva (Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy.

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Mishnah

The Mishnah or the Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.

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Modi'in Illit

Modi'in Illit (מוֹדִיעִין עִלִּית; موديعين عيليت, lit. "Upper Modi'in") is a Haredi Jewish-Israeli settlement organized as a city council in the West Bank, situated midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

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Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut

Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut (מוֹדִיעִין-מַכַּבִּים-רֵעוּת Mōdīʿīn-Makkabbīm-Rēʿūt) is a city located in central Israel, about southeast of Tel Aviv and west of Jerusalem, and is connected to those two cities via Highway 443.

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Mutilation

Mutilation or maiming (from the Latin: mutilus) is severe damage to the body that has a subsequent utterly ruinous effect on an individual's quality of life.

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Nabataeans

The Nabataeans or Nabateans (translit) were an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant.

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Nahal Hever

Nahal Hever (נחל חבר) or Wadi al-Khabat (Arabic) is an intermittent stream (wadi) in the Judean Desert, that flows through the West Bank and Israel, from the area of Yatta to the Dead Sea.

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Names of the Greeks

The Greeks (Έλληνες) have been identified by many ethnonyms.

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Nasi (Hebrew title)

Nasi (nāśī) is a title meaning "prince" in Biblical Hebrew, "Prince " in Mishnaic Hebrew.

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Negev

The Negev (hanNégev) or Negeb (an-Naqab) is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel.

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Nijmegen

Nijmegen (Nijmeegs: italics) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the tenth largest of the Netherlands as a whole.

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Numismatics

Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.

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Palaestina Prima

Palaestina Prima or Palaestina I was a Byzantine province that existed from the late 4th century until the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 630s, in the region of Palestine.

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Pannonia Superior

Pannonia Superior was a Roman province created from the division of Pannonia in 103 AD, its capital in Carnuntum.

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Perea

Perea or Peraea (Greek: Περαία, "the country beyond") was the term used mainly during the early Roman period for part of ancient Transjordan. Bar Kokhba revolt and Perea are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire and Judea (Roman province).

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Peter Schäfer

Peter Schäfer (born 29 June 1943, Mülheim an der Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a prolific German scholar of ancient religious studies, who has made contributions to the field of ancient Judaism and early Christianity through monographs, co-edited volumes, numerous articles, and his trademark synoptic editions.

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Philhellenism

Philhellenism ("the love of Greek culture") was an intellectual movement prominent mostly at the turn of the 19th century.

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Phoenicia under Roman rule

Phoenicia under Roman rule describes the Phoenician city states (in the area of modern Lebanon, coastal Syria, the northern part of Galilee, Acre and the Northern Coastal Plain) ruled by Rome from 64 BCE to the Muslim conquests of the 7th century.

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Pilum

The pilum (pila) was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times.

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Praetor

Praetor, also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties.

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Procurator (ancient Rome)

Procurator (plural: Procuratores) was a title of certain officials (not magistrates) in ancient Rome who were in charge of the financial affairs of a province, or imperial governor of a minor province.

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Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus

Marcus Paccius Silvanus Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus (also known as Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus) was a Roman senator of the 2nd century.

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Quintus Lollius Urbicus

Quintus Lollius Urbicus was a Berber governor of Roman Britain between the years 139 and 142, during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius.

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Quintus Tineius Rufus (consul 127)

Quintus Tineius Rufus, also known as Turnus Rufus the Evil (Hebrew: Ṭūrnūsrūfūs hāRāšā‘, sometimes spelled Ṭōrānūsrūfūs) in Jewish sources (c. 90 AD – after 131 AD) was a senator and provincial governor under the Roman Empire.

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Rabbi Akiva

Akiva ben Joseph (Mishnaic Hebrew:; – 28 September 135 CE), also known as Rabbi Akiva, was a leading Jewish scholar and sage, a tanna of the latter part of the first century and the beginning of the second.

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Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history. Bar Kokhba revolt and Rabbinic literature are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Ramat Rachel

Ramat Rachel or Ramat Raḥel (lit) is a kibbutz located in central Israel.

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Rhaetian people

The Raeti (spelling variants: Rhaeti, Rheti or Rhaetii) were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture was related to those of the Etruscans.

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Roman Britain

Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain.

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Roman citizenship

Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.

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Roman Dacia

Roman Dacia (also known as; or Dacia Felix) was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 271–275 AD.

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Roman Egypt

Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Roman governor

A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire.

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Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

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Roman Syria

Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria. Bar Kokhba revolt and Roman Syria are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Roman villa

A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house in the territory of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.

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Roman–Parthian War of 161–166

The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 (also called the Parthian War of Lucius Verus) was fought between the Roman and Parthian Empires over Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia.

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Safaitic

Safaitic (Al-Ṣafāʾiyyah) is a variety of the South Semitic scripts used by the Arabs in southern Syria and northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian.

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Salassi

The Salassi or Salasses were a Gallic or Ligurian tribe dwelling in the upper valley of the Dora Baltea river, near present-day Aosta, Aosta Valley, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Samaritan revolts

The Samaritan revolts (c. 484–573) were a series of insurrections in Palaestina Prima province, launched by the Samaritans against the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Samaritans

The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.

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Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Middle Aramaic סַנְהֶדְרִין, a loanword from synedrion, 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient Land of Israel. Bar Kokhba revolt and Sanhedrin are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Sanhedrin (tractate)

Sanhedrin is one of ten tractates of Seder Nezikin (a section of the Talmud that deals with damages, i.e. civil and criminal proceedings).

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

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Second Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem, in use between and its destruction in 70 CE.

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Sepphoris

Sepphoris (Sépphōris), known in Hebrew as Tzipori (צִפּוֹרִי Ṣīppōrī)Palmer (1881), p. and in Arabic as Saffuriya (صفورية) is an archaeological site located in the central Galilee region of Israel, north-northwest of Nazareth.

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Seth

Seth, in the Abrahamic religions, was the third son of Adam and Eve.

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Sextus Julius Severus

Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Julius Severus was an accomplished Roman general of the 2nd century.

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Shephelah

The Shephelah (the Lowlands) or Shfela (label), or the Judaean Foothills (label), is a transitional region of soft-sloping rolling hills in south-central Israel stretching over between the Judaean Mountains and the Coastal Plain.

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Sicaricon

Sicaricon (סיקריקון), (now obsolete), refers in Jewish law to a former act and counter-measure meant to deal effectively with religious persecution against Jews in which the Roman government had permitted its own citizens to seize the property of Jewish landowners who were either absent or killed in war, or taken captive,The Mishnah (ed. Bar Kokhba revolt and Sicaricon are Judea (Roman province).

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Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

The Siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Bar Kokhba revolt and Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire and Judea (Roman province).

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Simon bar Kokhba

Simon bar Kokhba or Simon bar Koseba, commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, was a Jewish military leader in Judea. Bar Kokhba revolt and Simon bar Kokhba are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

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In the context of information security, social engineering is the psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.

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Star Prophecy

The Star Prophecy (or Star and Scepter prophecy) is a Messianic reading applied by Jewish Zealots and early Christians to.

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Syria Palaestina

Syria Palaestina (Syría hē Palaistínē) was a Roman province in the Palestine region between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD. Bar Kokhba revolt and Syria Palaestina are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Ta'anit (Talmud)

Ta'anit or Taanis (תַּעֲנִית) is a volume (or "tractate") of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds.

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Talmud

The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.

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Tel Megiddo

Tel Megiddo (from תל מגידו), called in Arabic Tell el-Mütesellim "tell of the Governor", is the site of the ancient city of Megiddo (Μεγιδδώ), the remains of which form a tell or archaeological mound, situated in northern Israel at the western edge of the Jezreel Valley about southeast of Haifa near the depopulated Palestinian town of Lajjun and subsequently Kibbutz Megiddo.

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Tell ej-Judeideh

Tell ej-Judeideh (تل الجديدة / خربة الجديدة) is a tell in modern Israel, lying at an elevation of above sea-level.

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Temple Mount

The Temple Mount (lit), also known as Haram al-Sharif (Arabic: الحرمالشريف, lit. 'The Noble Sanctuary'), al-Aqsa Mosque compound, or simply al-Aqsa (المسجد الأقصى, al-Masjid al-Aqṣā, lit. 'The Furthest Mosque'),* Where Heaven and Earth Meet, p. 13: "Nowadays, while oral usage of the term Haram persists, Palestinians tend to use in formal texts the name Masjid al-Aqsa, habitually rendered into English as 'the Aqsa Mosque'.".

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Ten Martyrs

The Ten Martyrs (עֲשֶׂרֶת הָרוּגֵי מַלְכוּת ʿAsereṯ hāRūgēy Malḵūṯ, "The Ten Royal Martyrs") were ten rabbis living during the era of the Mishnah who were martyred by the Roman Empire in the period after the destruction of the Second Temple. Bar Kokhba revolt and ten Martyrs are 130s in the Roman Empire and Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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The Jerusalem Post

The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.

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The Jewish Encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century.

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The Jewish Quarterly Review

The Jewish Quarterly Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish studies.

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The Times of Israel

The Times of Israel is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012.

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Theodor Mommsen

Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist.

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Third Temple

The "Third Temple" (בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי) refers to a hypothetical rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem.

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Tisha B'Av

Tisha B'Av (תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב) is an annual fast day in Judaism, on which a number of disasters in Jewish history occurred, primarily the destruction of both Solomon's Temple by the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Second Temple by the Roman Empire in Jerusalem.

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Titus

Titus Caesar Vespasianus (30 December 39 – 13 September AD 81) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. Bar Kokhba revolt and Titus are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Titus Haterius Nepos (consul)

Titus Haterius Nepos was a Roman senator and general, who held several imperial appointments during the reign of Hadrian.

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Torah

The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.

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A Torah scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה,, lit. "Book of Torah"; plural: סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible).

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Trajan

Trajan (born Marcus Ulpius Traianus, adopted name Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 53) was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, remembered as the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.

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Transjordan (region)

Transjordan, the East Bank, or the Transjordanian Highlands (شرق الأردن), is the part of the Southern Levant east of the Jordan River, mostly contained in present-day Jordan.

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Turmus Ayya

Turmus Ayya (ترمسعيّا) is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the West Bank, in Palestine.

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Wadi Murabba'at

Wadi Murabba'at, also known as Nahal Darga, is a ravine cut by a seasonal stream which runs from the Judean Desert east of Bethlehem past the Herodium down to the Dead Sea 18 km south of Khirbet Qumran in the West Bank.

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Western Wall

The Western Wall (the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ٱلْبُرَاق, Ḥā'iṭ al-Burāq), is a portion of ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem that forms part of the larger retaining wall of the hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount. Bar Kokhba revolt and western Wall are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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William V. Harris

William Vernon Harris (born 13 September 1938) was the William R. Shepherd Professor of History at Columbia University until December 2017.

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Yeshua ben Galgula

Yeshua ben Galgula was one of the leaders of the Bar Kokhba revolt, and the commander of Herodium during the revolt. Bar Kokhba revolt and Yeshua ben Galgula are Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire.

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Yigael Yadin

Yigael Yadin (יִגָּאֵל יָדִין; 20 March 1917 – 28 June 1984) was an Israeli archeologist, soldier and politician.

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Zionist youth movement

A Zionist youth movement (tnuot hanoar hayehudiot hatsioniot) is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social, and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel.

See Bar Kokhba revolt and Zionist youth movement

363 Galilee earthquake

The Galilee earthquake of 363 was a pair of severe earthquakes that shook the Galilee and nearby regions on May 18 and 19.

See Bar Kokhba revolt and 363 Galilee earthquake

See also

130s conflicts

130s in the Roman Empire

132

133

134

135

136

2nd-century rebellions

Jewish nationalism

Jewish rebellions

Judea (Roman province)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt

Also known as Bar Kochba Rebellion, Bar Kochba Revolt, Bar Kochba War, Bar Kochba's revolt, Bar Kochva Revolt, Bar Kokba War, Bar Kokba insurrection, Bar Kokba rebellion, Bar Kokba revolt, Bar Kokba revolution, Bar Kokba's revolt, Bar Kokhba war, Bar Kokhba's Revolt, Bar kokhva revolt, Bar-Cocheba, Bar-Kochba revolt, Bar-Kochba's Rebellion, Bar-Kokhba Revolt, Bar-Kokhba War, Mered Bar Kokhba, Revolt of Bar Kokba, Revolt under Bar Kokba, Second Jewish revolt, The Third Jewish Revolt, The Third Jewish-Roman War, Third Jewish Revolt, Third Jewish-Roman War, War of Bar Kokba, War of Bar Kokhba.

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