Basalt & Gabbro - Unionpedia, the concept map

Alkali basalt

Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a dark-colored, porphyritic volcanic rock usually found in oceanic and continental areas associated with volcanic activity, such as oceanic islands, continental rifts and volcanic fields.

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Apatite

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal.

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Aphanite

Aphanites (adj. aphanitic) are igneous rocks that are so fine-grained that their component mineral crystals are not visible to the naked eye (in contrast to phanerites, in which the crystals are visible to the unaided eye).

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Augite

Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming pyroxene mineral with formula.

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Diabase

Diabase, also called dolerite or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro.

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Earth's mantle

Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core.

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Feldspar

Feldspar (sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium.

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Feldspathoid

The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content.

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Field research

Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting.

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Granite

Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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Ilmenite

Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula.

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Lava

Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

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Leucite

Leucite (from the Greek word leukos meaning white) is a rock-forming mineral of the feldspathoid group, silica-undersaturated and composed of potassium and aluminium tectosilicate KAlSi2O6.

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Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Magnetite

Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula.

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Metamorphism

Metamorphism is the transformation of existing rock (the protolith) to rock with a different mineral composition or texture.

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Mid-ocean ridge

A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

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Nepheline

Nepheline, also called nephelite, is a rock-forming mineral in the feldspathoid groupa silica-undersaturated aluminosilicate, Na3KAl4Si4O16, that occurs in intrusive and volcanic rocks with low silica, and in their associated pegmatites.

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Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates.

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Olivine

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula.

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Phanerite

A phanerite is an igneous rock whose microstructure is made up of crystals large enough to be distinguished with the unaided human eye.

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Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.

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Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

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Pyroxene

The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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QAPF diagram

A QAPF diagram is a doubled-triangle plot diagram used to classify intrusive igneous rocks based on their mineralogy.

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Quartz

Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

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Rift

In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

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Tholeiitic magma series

The tholeiitic magma series is one of two main magma series in subalkaline igneous rocks, the other being the calc-alkaline series.

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Ultramafic rock

Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

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Ulvöspinel

Ulvöspinel or ulvite is an iron titanium oxide mineral with formula: Fe2TiO4 or TiFe2+2O4.

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