Basalt & Harzburgite - Unionpedia, the concept map

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Difference between Basalt and Harzburgite

Basalt vs. Harzburgite

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. Harzburgite, an ultramafic, igneous rock, is a variety of peridotite consisting mostly of the two minerals olivine and low-calcium (Ca) pyroxene (enstatite); it is named for occurrences in the Harz Mountains of Germany.

Archean

The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.

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Augite

Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming pyroxene mineral with formula.

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Boninite

Boninite is an extrusive rock high in both magnesium and silica, thought to be usually formed in fore-arc environments, typically during the early stages of subduction.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Earth's mantle

Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Mantle (geology)

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

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Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates.

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Olivine

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula.

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Partial melting

Partial melting is the phenomenon that occurs when a rock is subjected to temperatures high enough to cause certain minerals to melt, but not all of them.

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Peridotite

Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene.

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Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.

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Pyroxene

The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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Ultramafic rock

Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

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Upper mantle

The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about under the oceans and about under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle at.

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