Basalt & Olivine - Unionpedia, the concept map

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Difference between Basalt and Olivine

Basalt vs. Olivine

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula.

Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool.

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Chondrite

A chondrite is a stony (non-metallic) meteorite that has not been modified, by either melting or differentiation of the parent body.

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Gabbro

Gabbro is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface.

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Granite

Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

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Lava

Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

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Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Mantle (geology)

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

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Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.

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Metamorphism

Metamorphism is the transformation of existing rock (the protolith) to rock with a different mineral composition or texture.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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Peridotite

Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Pyroxene

The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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Quartz

Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Tridymite

Tridymite is a high-temperature polymorph of silica and usually occurs as minute tabular white or colorless pseudo-hexagonal crystals, or scales, in cavities in felsic volcanic rocks.

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Ultramafic rock

Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

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Upper mantle

The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about under the oceans and about under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle at.

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