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Bengal Sultanate, the Glossary

The Bengal Sultanate (Middle Bengali: শাহী বাঙ্গালা, Classical Persian:, Arabic) was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region between the 14th and 16th century.^[1]

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304 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abdul Hakim (poet), Abdul Karim (historian), Absolute monarchy, Abu Tawwama, Aceh Sultanate, Adina Mosque, Afghan (ethnonym), Afghans, Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Akbar, Al-Andalus, Al-Jinn, Al-Mu'tadid II, Alauddin Ali Shah, Alauddin Firuz Shah I, Alauddin Firuz Shah II, Alauddin Husain Shah, Alexander the Great, Ali Mardan Khalji, Arabesque, Arabian Peninsula, Arabic, Arabs, Arakan, Areca nut, Assam, Babur, Bagan, Bagha Mosque, Baghlah, Bago, Myanmar, Baitur Rauf Mosque, Bamar people, Bangladesh, Barak Valley, Baro-Bhuyan, Barsbay, Battle of Rajmahal, Battle of Tukaroi, Bay of Bengal, Bayazid Khan Karrani, Bengal, Bengal roofs, Bengal Subah, Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War, Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War of 1512–1516, Bengal–Jaunpur confrontation, Bengali language, Bengali Muslims, ... Expand index (254 more) »
States and territories disestablished in the 1570s
States and territories established in the 14th century

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Bengal Sultanate and Abbasid Caliphate are former empires.

See Bengal Sultanate and Abbasid Caliphate

Abdul Hakim (poet)

Abdul Hakim (–) was a Bengali poet and translator who wrote several Bengali epics and also translated some Persian manuscripts.

See Bengal Sultanate and Abdul Hakim (poet)

Abdul Karim (historian)

Abdul Karim (– 24 July 2007) was a Bangladeshi historian.

See Bengal Sultanate and Abdul Karim (historian)

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

See Bengal Sultanate and Absolute monarchy

Abu Tawwama

Sharaf ad-Dīn Abū Tawʾamah (شرف ٱلدِّيْن أبُو تَوْأَمَة, আবু তাওয়ামা) was an Islamic scholar, author and muhaddith based in the subcontinent.

See Bengal Sultanate and Abu Tawwama

The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Nanggroe Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. Bengal Sultanate and Aceh Sultanate are former sultanates.

See Bengal Sultanate and Aceh Sultanate

Adina Mosque

The Adina Mosque (N-WB-81) is a former mosque in Malda District, West Bengal, India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Adina Mosque

Afghan (ethnonym)

The ethnonym Afghan (Dari Persian/Pashto: افغان) has been used historically to refer to the Pashtuns.

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Afghans

Afghans (افغان‌ها) also Afghanistanis (افغانستانی‌ها), (افغانان) or Afghan people are nationals or citizens of Afghanistan, or people with ancestry from there.

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Aga Khan Award for Architecture

The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977.

See Bengal Sultanate and Aga Khan Award for Architecture

Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (–), popularly known as Akbar the Great, and also as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

See Bengal Sultanate and Akbar

Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Al-Jinn

Al-Jinn (الجن., “The Jinn”) is the 72nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 28 verses (āyāt).

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Al-Mu'tadid II

Al-Mu'tadid II (died 23 July 1441) was the eleventh Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1414 and 1441.

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Alauddin Ali Shah

Alī Mubārak (علی مبارک), better known by his regnal title `Alā ad-Dīn `Alī Shāh (আলাউদ্দীন আলী শাহ, علاء الدین علی شاه; r. 1338–1342) was an independent Sultan of Lakhnauti in Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Alauddin Ali Shah

Alauddin Firuz Shah I

Alauddin Firuz Shah I (প্রথম আলাউদ্দিন ফিরোজ শাহ) was the son and successor of Sultan Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Alauddin Firuz Shah I

Alauddin Firuz Shah II

ʿAlā ad-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh (আলাউদ্দীন ফিরোজ শাহ, علاء الدین فیروز شاه) was the son and successor of Sultan Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Alauddin Firuz Shah II

Alauddin Husain Shah

Ala-ud-din Husain Shah (আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ (1493–1519) was an independent late medieval Sultan of Bengal, who founded the Hussain Shahi dynasty. He became the ruler of Bengal after assassinating the Abyssinian Sultan, Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah, whom he had served under as wazir.

See Bengal Sultanate and Alauddin Husain Shah

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

See Bengal Sultanate and Alexander the Great

Ali Mardan Khalji

Rukn ad-Dīn ʿAlī Mardān Khaljī (রোকনউদ্দীন আলী মর্দান খলজী, ركن الدین علی مردان خلجی) was a 13th-century governor of Bengal, a member of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal.

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Arabesque

The arabesque is a form of artistic decoration consisting of "surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines, often combined with other elements.

See Bengal Sultanate and Arabesque

Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

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Arabic

Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.

See Bengal Sultanate and Arabic

Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

See Bengal Sultanate and Arabs

Arakan

Arakan is the historical geographical name of Rakhine State, Myanmar (formerly Burma). The region was called Arakan for centuries until the Burmese military junta changed its name in 1989. The people of the region were known as Arakanese. Arakan's first states can be traced to the 4th century. Arakan was one of the first Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia.

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Areca nut

The areca nut or betel nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu).

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Assam

Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

See Bengal Sultanate and Assam

Babur

Babur (14 February 148326 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.

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Bagan

Bagan (formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.

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Bagha Mosque

Bagha Mosque (বাঘা মসজিদ) is a mosque located at Bagha, southeast of Rajshahi in Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bagha Mosque

Baghlah

A baghlah, bagala, bugala or baggala (بغلة) is a large deep-sea dhow, a traditional Arabic sailing vessel.

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Bago, Myanmar

Bago (formerly spelled Pegu), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar.

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Baitur Rauf Mosque

The Bait Ur Rouf Mosque (বায়তুর রউফ জামে মসজিদ, الجامع بيت الرؤوف) is a distinctive urban mosque located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Bamar people

The Bamar are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bamar people

Bangladesh

Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bangladesh

Barak Valley

The Barak Valley is the southernmost region and administrative division of the Indian state of Assam.

See Bengal Sultanate and Barak Valley

Baro-Bhuyan

The Baro-Bhuyans (or Baro-Bhuyan Raj; also Baro-Bhuians and Baro-Bhuiyans) were confederacies of soldier-landowners in Assam and Bengal in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period.

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Barsbay

Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy (الأشرف سيف الدين برسباي) was the ninth Burji Mamluk sultan of Egypt from AD 1422 to 1438.

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Battle of Rajmahal

The Battle of Rajmahal (রাজমহলের যুদ্ধ) took place between the Mughal Empire and the Karrani Dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bengal in the 16th century.

See Bengal Sultanate and Battle of Rajmahal

Battle of Tukaroi

The Battle of Tukaroi, also known as the Battle of Bajhaura or the Battle of Mughulmari, was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Bengal Sultanate on 3 March 1575 near the village of Tukaroi in present-day Balasore District of Odisha.

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Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bay of Bengal

Bayazid Khan Karrani

Bayazid Khan Karrani (বায়েজীদ খান কররানী, بايزيد خان کرانی) was the third Sultan of the Bengal Sultanate's Karrani dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bayazid Khan Karrani

Bengal

Geographical distribution of the Bengali language Bengal (Bôṅgo) or endonym Bangla (Bāṅlā) is a historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.

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Bengal roofs

Bengal roofs are sloping dome-shaped roofs with drawn-down corners associated with late Mughal and Rajput architecture of Northern India.

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Bengal Subah

The Bengal Subah, also referred to as Mughal Bengal, was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing much of the Bengal region, which includes modern-day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and some parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha between the 16th and 18th centuries.

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Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War

The Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War was a late 15th century conflict between the Kamata Kingdom and the Bengal Sultanate.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War

Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War of 1512–1516

The Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War of 1512–1516 was a conflict in the 16th century between the Bengal Sultanate and the Kingdom of Mrauk U.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War of 1512–1516

Bengal–Jaunpur confrontation

The Bengal–Jaunpur confrontation was an early 15th-century conflict that stemmed from the Jaunpur Sultanate's opposition to the overthrowing of the Bengal Sultanate's founding dynasty, the Ilyas Shahi, by Raja Ganesha.

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Bengali language

Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

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Bengali Muslims

Bengali Muslims (বাঙালি মুসলমান) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis.

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Bengalis

Bengalis (বাঙ্গালী, বাঙালি), also rendered as endonym Bangali, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bengalis

Bhati (region)

Bhati was a large region of medieval Bengal, referred to by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and by others until at least the 17th-century CE, during the period of the Mughal Empire.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bhati (region)

Bhurshut

Bhurshut (Bhurśut) or Bhurishreshtha (Bhūriśreṣṭha) was a medieval Bengali Hindu kingdom spread across what is now Howrah and Hooghly districts in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Bihar

Bihar is a state in Eastern India.

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Bipradas Pipilai

Bipradas Pipilai was a 15th-century poet.

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Birbhum district

Birbhum district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy.

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Brahmaputra River

The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet (China), Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. Bengal Sultanate and Brahmaputra River are bay of Bengal.

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Brahmaputra Valley

The Brahmaputra Valley (also Assam Valley) is a region situated between hill ranges of the eastern and northeastern Himalayan range in Eastern India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Brahmaputra Valley

Brunei

Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo.

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Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)

The Sultanate of Brunei (Jawi: كسلطانن بروني) or simply Brunei, also known as the Brunei Empire, was a Malay sultanate, centered around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Bengal Sultanate and Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888) are former sultanates.

See Bengal Sultanate and Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)

Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

See Bengal Sultanate and Buddhism

Cairo

Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.

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Chandradwip

Chandradwip or Chandradvipa is a small region in Barisal District, Bangladesh.

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Chilika Lake

Chilika Lake is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia and second largest coastal lagoon in the world, spread over the Puri, Khordha and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over.

See Bengal Sultanate and Chilika Lake

Chittagong

Chittagong, officially Chattogram (Côṭṭôgrām, Chittagonian: চাটগাঁও Sāṭgão), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh. Bengal Sultanate and Chittagong are bay of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Chittagong

Choto Sona Mosque

Choto Shona Mosque (ছোট সোনা মসজিদ, Small Golden Mosque) is located in Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Choto Sona Mosque

Conquest of Sylhet

The Conquest of Sylhet (Conquest of Srihatta) predominantly refers to an Islamic conquest of Srihatta (present-day Sylhet, Bangladesh) led by Sikandar Khan Ghazi, the military general of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Lakhnauti Sultanate, against the Hindu king Gour Govinda.

See Bengal Sultanate and Conquest of Sylhet

Cooch Behar State

Cooch Behar, also known as Koch Bihar, was a princely state in India during the British Raj.

See Bengal Sultanate and Cooch Behar State

Cosmology

Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.

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Cosmology in the Muslim world

Islamic cosmology is the cosmology of Islamic societies.

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Crown

A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity.

See Bengal Sultanate and Crown

Cuttack

Cuttack (or officially Kataka in Odia), is the former capital and the second largest city in the Indian state of Odisha.

See Bengal Sultanate and Cuttack

Danyal (Hussain Shahi dynasty)

Dānyāl, Prince of Bengal (شاهزاده دانیال بنگالی, d. 1500s), also known as Dulāl Ghāzī (Bengali–Assamese: দুলাল গাজী), was the eldest son of the Sultan of Bengal Alauddin Hussain Shah.

See Bengal Sultanate and Danyal (Hussain Shahi dynasty)

Darasbari Mosque

Darasbari Mosque (দারসবাড়ি মসজিদ) is a historic mosque that was built in 1479 AD.

See Bengal Sultanate and Darasbari Mosque

Daud Khan Karrani

Daud Khan Karrani (died on 12 July 1576) was the last ruler of Bengal's Karrani dynasty as well as the final Sultan of Bengal, reigning from 1572 to 1576.

See Bengal Sultanate and Daud Khan Karrani

Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526). Bengal Sultanate and Delhi Sultanate are former sultanates.

See Bengal Sultanate and Delhi Sultanate

Deva dynasty

Deva Dynasty (c. 12th – 13th centuries) was a Bengali Hindu Kayastha dynasty which originated in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent; the dynasty ruled over eastern Bengal after the Sena dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Deva dynasty

Dinajpur

Dinajpur (দিনাজপুর) is a city and the district headquarters of Dinajpur district situated in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh.

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Dinajpur District, Bangladesh

Dinajpur district (দিনাজপুর জেলা) is a district in the Rangpur Division of northern Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Dinajpur District, Bangladesh

Dobhashi

Dobhashi (bilingual) or Dobhashi Bengali is a neologism used to refer to a historical register of the Bengali language which borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian.

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Duarte Barbosa

Duarte Barbosa (c. 14801 May 1521) was a Portuguese writer and officer from Portuguese India (between 1500 and 1516).

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Durbar (court)

Durbar is a Persian-derived term (from darbār) referring to the noble court of a king or ruler or a formal meeting where the king held all discussions regarding the state.

See Bengal Sultanate and Durbar (court)

Ekdala Wars

The Ekdala Wars (Ekḍalar Juddhô) were a series of long-lasting conflicts between the Bengal Sultanate and the Delhi Sultanate which took place in the islets of Ekdala in Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Ekdala Wars

Eklakhi Mausoleum

Eklakhi Mausoleum is a mausoleum located at Pandua in Malda district, West Bengal, India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Eklakhi Mausoleum

Entrepôt

An entrepôt or transshipment port is a port, city, or trading post where merchandise may be imported, stored, or traded, usually to be exported again.

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Epic poetry

An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants.

See Bengal Sultanate and Epic poetry

Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah

Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah (ফখরুদ্দীন মুবারক শাহ, فخر الدین مبارک شاه; reigned: 1338–1349), also known simply as Fakhra, was the founder of an independent sultanate comprising modern-day eastern and southeastern Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah

Faridpur District

Faridpur District (ফরিদপুর জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Faridpur District

Firoz Minar

Firoz Minar (also known as Firuz Minar) (English: Tower of Firoz/Firuz) is a five-storeyed tower situated at Gaur, West Bengal, India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Firoz Minar

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1309 – 20 September 1388) was a Muslim ruler from the Tughlaq dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388.

See Bengal Sultanate and Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Foreign policy

Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities.

See Bengal Sultanate and Foreign policy

Gajapati Empire

The Gajapati Empire, was an empire established by the Suryavamsa (IAST: Sūryavaṃśa, "Solar dynasty") dynasty or Routray dynasty, who were a medieval Hindu dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. Bengal Sultanate and Gajapati Empire are former empires.

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Ganges Delta

The Ganges Delta (also known the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, the Sundarbans Delta or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in Eastern South Asia predominantly covering the Bengal region of the subcontinent, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. Bengal Sultanate and Ganges Delta are bay of Bengal.

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Gauḍa (city)

Gauḍa (also known as Gaur, Gour, Lakhnauti, Lakshmanavati and Jannatabad) is a historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India, being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms.

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Ghazal

The ghazal is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry.

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Ghee

Ghee is a type of clarified butter, originating from India.

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Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah

Ghiyasuddin A'zam Shah (গিয়াসউদ্দীন আজম শাহ, غیاث‌الدین اعظمشاه) was the third Sultan of Bengal and the Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

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Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II

Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II (also Khizr Khan Suri; 1555–1561) was an independent ruler of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II

Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah

Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah (গিয়াসউদ্দীন জলাল শাহ, غیاث الدین جلال شاه) was the Sultan of Bengal from 1561 to 1563.

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Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah

Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah (গিয়াসউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ, غیاث الدین محمود شاه) was the last Sultan of the Hussain Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate, reigning from 1533 to 1538 CE.

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Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq

Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (غیاث الدین تغلق), or Ghazi Malik (Ghazi means fighter for Islam; died 1 February 1325) was the Sultan of Delhi from 1320 to 1325.

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Ghurid dynasty

The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; translit; self-designation: شنسبانی, Šansabānī) was a Persianate dynasty of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215.

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Golden Age

The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the Works and Days of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (chrýseon génos) lived.

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Grand Trunk Road

The Grand Trunk Road (formerly known as Uttarapath, Sarak-e-Azam, Shah Rah-e-Azam, Badshahi Sarak, and Long Walk) is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads.

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Gujarat Sultanate

The Gujarat Sultanate or Sultanate of Guzerat was a late medieval Indian kingdom in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat. Bengal Sultanate and Gujarat Sultanate are former sultanates.

See Bengal Sultanate and Gujarat Sultanate

Habesha peoples

Habesha peoples (ሐበሠተ; ሐበሻ; ሓበሻ; commonly used exonym: Abyssinians) is an ethnic or pan-ethnic identifier that has been historically employed to refer to Semitic-speaking and predominantly Oriental Orthodox Christian peoples found in the highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea between Asmara and Addis Ababa (i.e.

See Bengal Sultanate and Habesha peoples

Hafez

Khājeh Shams-od-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī (خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hafez (حافظ, Ḥāfeẓ, 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, was a Persian lyric poet whose collected works are regarded by many Iranians as one of the highest pinnacles of Persian literature.

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Hajo

Hajo is a historic town set in the hills northwest of Guwahati, Assam, India.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hejaz

The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.

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Herat

Herāt (Pashto, هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.

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Hindus

Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.

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History of Bengal

The history of Bengal is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions of South Asia and Southeast Asia.

See Bengal Sultanate and History of Bengal

History of the taka

The taka, also known as the tanka or tangka, was one of the major historical currencies of Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent and Tibet.

See Bengal Sultanate and History of the taka

House of Ganesha

The House of Ganesha (গণেশ রাজপরিবার, بنی کنس) was the second royal house of the late medieval Sultanate of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and House of Ganesha

Humayun

Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), commonly known by his regnal name Humayun, was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556.

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Hussain Shahi dynasty

The Hussain Shahi dynasty was a family which ruled the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal from 1494 to 1538.

See Bengal Sultanate and Hussain Shahi dynasty

Iberian Union

The Iberian Union is a historiographical term used to describe the dynastic union of the Monarchy of Spain, which in turn was itself a personal union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon, and the Kingdom of Portugal, and of their respective colonial empires, that existed between 1580 and 1640 and brought the entire Iberian Peninsula except Andorra, as well as Portuguese and Spanish overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg monarchs Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV.

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Ibrahim Danishmand

Syed Ibrāhīm Dānishmand (সৈয়দ ইব্রাহীম দানিশমন্দ, سید ابراهیمدانشمند) was a 16th-century zamindar and Islamic scholar who belonged to the Qadiriyya Sufi order.

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Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah

Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah (ইখতিয়ারউদ্দিন গাজী শাহ, اختیار الدین غازی شاه; reigned 1349–1352) was an independent sultan of Sonargaon.

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Iltutmish

Shams ud-Din Iltutmish (شمس الدین ایلتتمش; (1192-died 30 April 1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate. Sold into slavery as a young boy, Iltutmish spent his early life in Bukhara and Ghazni under multiple masters.

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Ilyas Shahi dynasty

The Ilyas Shahi dynasty (ইলিয়াস শাহী খান্দান, دودمان الیاس‌شاهی) was the first independent dynasty to set the foundations of the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal of Turk origin. Bengal Sultanate and Ilyas Shahi dynasty are states and territories established in the 14th century.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Inland port

An inland port is a port on an inland waterway, such as a river, lake, or canal, which may or may not be connected to the sea.

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Interregnum

An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order.

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Isa Khan

Isa Khan (Middle Bengali: ঈশা খাঁ, c. 17 April 1536 –29 August 1599) was the leader of the 16th-century Baro-Bhuiyan chieftains of Bengal.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Islam Shah Suri

Islam Shah Suri (Jalal Khan; 1507 – 22 November 1554) also known as Salim Shah Suri, was Sultan of Hindustan from 27 May 1545 until his death in 1554.

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Jadunath Sarkar

Sir Jadunath Sarkar, (যদুনাথ সরকার; 10 December 1870 – 19 May 1958) was a prominent Indian historian and a specialist on the Mughal dynasty.

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Jagir

A jagir (جاگیر|translit.

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Jajpur

Jajpur (also known as Jajapur) is a town and a municipality in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha.

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Jalaluddin Fateh Shah

Jalaluddin Fateh Shah (জলালউদ্দীন ফতেহ শাহ, جلال الدین فتح شاه) was the last ruler of later Ilyas Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate reigning from 1481 to 1487.

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Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah (জালালউদ্দীন মুহম্মদ শাহ; born as Jadu/যদূ) was a 15th-century Sultan of Bengal and an important figure in medieval Bengali history.

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Jaunpur Sultanate

The Jaunpur Sultanate (سلطنت جونپور) was a late medieval Indian Muslim state which ruled over much of what is now the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar between 1394 and 1494. Bengal Sultanate and Jaunpur Sultanate are former sultanates.

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Jessore

Jessore (jôshor), officially Jashore, is a city of Jessore District in Khulna Division.

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João de Barros

João de Barros (1496 – 20 October 1570), nicknamed the "Portuguese Livy", is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his Décadas da Ásia (Decades of Asia), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa.

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Kalapahar

Kalapahada (in Odia language) or Kala Pahar was an afgan mercenary Muslim General of the Bengal Sultanate under the reigning Karrani Dynasty.

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Kamata Kingdom

The Kamata Kingdom (pron: ˈkʌmətɑ) emerged in western Kamarupa probably when Sandhya, a ruler of Kamarupanagara, moved his capital west to Kamatapur sometime after 1257 CE.

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Karrani dynasty

The Karrani dynasty (Karlāṇī, Korrāṇī) was founded in 1564 by Taj Khan Karrani, an ethnic Afghan from the Karlani tribe, hailing from Bangash district.

See Bengal Sultanate and Karrani dynasty

Kasbah

A kasbah (also; lit,, Maghrebi Arabic), also spelled qasba, qasaba, or casbah, is a fortress, most commonly the citadel or fortified quarter of a city.

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Kathmandu Valley

The Kathmandu Valley (काठमाडौं उपत्यका), also known as the Nepal Valley or Nepa Valley (नेपाः उपत्यका, Nepal Bhasa: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐵𑑅, नेपाः गाः), National Capital Area, is a bowl-shaped valley located in the Himalayan mountains of Nepal.

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Khalaj people

The Khalaj (Xalass; Xalajhâ) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly reside in Iran.

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Khalji dynasty of Bengal

The Khalji dynasty (খলজি রাজবংশ, خاندان خلجی) was the first Muslim dynasty to rule Bengal.

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Khan Jahan Ali

Khan Jahan Ali or Ulugh Khān (উলুগ খান জাহান), was a Muslim saint and the Khan-i-Azam of Khalifatabad (now in Bangladesh).

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Khen dynasty

The Khen dynasty (also Khyen dynasty) of Assam was a late medieval dynasty of the erstwhile Kamata kingdom.

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Khidr Khan Surak

Khiḍr Khān Surak (Khizir Khan Shurok, خضر خان سرک) was the governor of Bengal from 1539 to 1541 CE.

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Kingdom of Mrauk U

The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan littoral from 1429 to 1785.

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Kingdom of Nepal

The Kingdom of Nepal (नेपाल अधिराज्य) was a Hindu kingdom in South Asia, formed in 1768 by the expansion of the Gorkha Kingdom, which lasted until 2008 when the kingdom became the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

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Kusumba Mosque

Kusumba Mosque (কুসুম্বা শাহী মসজিদ) is a mosque in Manda Upazila of Naogaon District of Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Kusumba Mosque

Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.

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List of medieval great powers

The term "great power" has only been used in historiography and political science since the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

See Bengal Sultanate and List of medieval great powers

List of rulers of Bengal

This is a list of rulers of Bengal.

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Lodi dynasty

The Lodi dynasty (سلسله لودی) was the ruling dynasty of the Sultanate of Delhi from 1451 to 1526.

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Ludovico di Varthema

Ludovico di Varthema, also known as Barthema and Vertomannus (c. 1470 – 1517), was an Italian traveller, diarist and aristocrat known for being one of the first non-Muslim Europeans to enter Mecca as a pilgrim.

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Ma Huan

Ma Huan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮًا.) (1380–1460), courtesy name Zongdao, pen name Mountain-woodcutter (會稽山樵), was a Chinese explorer, translator, and travel writer who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his seven expeditions to the Western Oceans.

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Madrasa

Madrasa (also,; Arabic: مدرسة, pl. مدارس), sometimes transliterated as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning.

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Madrasa Al-Bangaliyyah

The Bangaliyyah Madrasah (al-Madrasah al-Bangāliyyah), refers to the madrasas constructed in Hejaz during the 14th-15th century by the Sultans of Bengal.

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Mahmud Shah II

Mahmud Shah II (reigned: 1489–1490) was an infant Sultan of Bengal with Habsh Khan as his regent.

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Mahmud Shah of Bengal

Nāṣiruddīn Maḥmūd Shāh (নাসিরউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ, ناصر الدین محمد شاه) was the first Sultan of Bengal belonging to the restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Mahmud Shah of Bengal

Majumdars of Sylhet

The Mazumders of Sylhet (সিলেটের মজুমদার বংশ), or more specifically, the Mazumders of Gorduar/Barshala, are a notable aristocratic family who have played important roles throughout the history of the Sylhet region.

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Malacca Sultanate

The Malacca Sultanate (Kesultanan Melaka; Jawi script: کسلطانن ملاک) was a Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia. Bengal Sultanate and Malacca Sultanate are former sultanates.

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Maladhar Basu

Maladhar Basu (মালাধর বসু; c. 15th century) was a Bengali poet.

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Malindi

Malindi is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Sabaki River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya.

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Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries. Bengal Sultanate and Mamluk Sultanate are former empires and former sultanates.

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Marco Polo

Marco Polo (8 January 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.

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Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

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Medieval India

Medieval India refers to a long period of post-classical history of the Indian subcontinent between the "ancient period" and "modern period".

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Medina

Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.

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Mihrab

Mihrab (محراب,, pl. محاريب) is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying.

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Min Saw Mon

Narameikhla Min Saw Mon (Arakanese:နရမိတ်လှ မင်းစောမွန်,, Arakanese transliteration: Meng Sao Mwan, Arakanese pronunciation:; also known as Suleiman Shah; 1380–1433) was the last king of Launggyet Dynasty and the founder of Mrauk-U Dynasty of Arakan.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Ming treasure voyages

The Ming treasure voyages were maritime expeditions undertaken by Ming China's treasure fleet between 1405 and 1433.

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Mint (facility)

A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

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Mithila (region)

Mithila, also known as Tirhut, Tirabhukti and Mithilanchal, is a geographical and cultural region of the Indian subcontinent bounded by the Mahananda River in the east, the Ganges in the south, the Gandaki River in the west and by the foothills of the Himalayas in the north.

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Modern architecture

Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements.

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Morus (plant)

Morus, a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of 19 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions.

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Mosque City of Bagerhat

The Mosque City of Bagerhat (translit; historically known as Khalifatabad) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bagerhat District, Bangladesh.

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Mrauk U

Mrauk U is a town in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar.

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Mughal conquest of Bengal

Mughal invasion of Bengal was an invasion of the Sultanate of Bengal, then ruled by the Afghan Karrani dynasty, by the Mughal Empire in 1572–1576.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.

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Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji

Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī, also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji, was a Turko-Afghan military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor, who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and parts of Bihar and established himself as their ruler.

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Muhammad Khan Sur

Muhammad Khan Sur, also known by his regnal title Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah Ghazi, was the Sultan of Bengal from 1553 to 1555.

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Muhammad of Ghor

Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam (translit; 15 March 1206), also known as Muhammad of Ghor or Muhammad Ghori, was a ruler from the Ghurid dynasty based in the Ghor region of what is today central Afghanistan who ruled from 1173 to 1206.

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Multinational state

A multinational state or a multinational union is a sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states.

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Murshidabad district

Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Muslin

Muslin is a cotton fabric of plain weave.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.

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Mymensingh

Mymensingh (ময়মনসিংহ) is a metropolitan city and capital of Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh.

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Nadia district

Nadia is a district in the state of West Bengal, India.

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Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah

Nāsir ad-Dīn Naṣrat Shāh (r. 1519–1533), also known as Nusrat Shah, was the second Sultan of Bengal belonging to the Hussain Shahi dynasty.

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Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Niccolò de' Conti

Niccolò de' Conti (1395 – 1469) was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer.

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Nine Dome Mosque

The Nine Dome Mosque (নয়গম্বুজ মসজিদ) is a historic mosque in the Mosque City of Bagerhat in Bangladesh.

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Nizami Ganjavi

Nizami Ganjavi (translit; c. 1141 – 1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī,Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators have mentioned his name as “Ilyas the son of Yusuf the son of Zakki the son of Mua’yyad” while others have mentioned that Mu’ayyad is a title for Zakki.

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North Bengal

North Bengal or Uttar Banga (উত্তরবঙ্গ/উত্তর বাংলা) is a term used for the north-western part of Bangladesh and northern part of West Bengal.

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Nur Qutb Alam

Nūr Qut̤b ʿĀlam (نور قطب عالم, নূর কুতুব আলম) was a 14th-century Bengali Islamic scholar, author and poet.

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Nuruddin Sikandar Shah

Nuruddin Sikandar Shah (নূরউদ্দীন সিকান্দর শাহ, نور الدین سکندر شاه) was the Sultan of Bengal in 1481 CE for a brief number of days.

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Odisha

Odisha (English), formerly Orissa (the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India.

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Official language

An official language is a language having certain rights to be used in defined situations.

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Oiniwar dynasty

The Oiniwar dynasty, or Oiṇīvāra dynasty also known as the Sugauna dynasty, was a Maithil ruling dynasty of territories that form part of the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Oleg Grabar

Oleg Grabar (November 3, 1929 – January 8, 2011) was a French-born art historian and archeologist, who spent most of his career in the United States, as a leading figure in the field of Islamic art and architecture in the Western academe.

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One Thousand and One Nights

One Thousand and One Nights (أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ) is a collection of Middle Eastern folktales compiled in the Arabic language during the Islamic Golden Age.

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Panbari Mosque

The historic Panbari Mosque or Rangamati Mosque is a famous mosque in northeast India and is considered to be the oldest mosque in the Indian state of Assam.

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Pandua, Malda

Pandua, also historically known as Hazrat Pandua and later Firuzabad, is a ruined city in the Malda district of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Pashtuns

Pashtuns (translit), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are a nomadic, pastoral, Eastern Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. They historically were also referred to as Afghans until the 1970s after the term's meaning had become a demonym for members of all ethnic groups in Afghanistan.

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Pathans in India

Pathans in India or simply known as Pathans are citizens or residents of India who are of ethnic Pashtun ancestry.

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Pathrail Mosque

Pathrail Mosque (পাথরাইল মসজিদ), also known as Majlis Aulia Mosque (مسجد مجلس أولياء), is an Islamic place of worship located in the Bhanga Upazila of Bangladesh's Faridpur District.

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Pearling in Bangladesh

Pearling in Bangladesh has existed for centuries.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Persian literature

Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures.

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Persianate society

A Persianate society is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity.

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Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.

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Petty kingdom

A petty kingdom is a kingdom described as minor or "petty" (from the French 'petit' meaning small) by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th century).

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Piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods.

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Pond

A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression, either naturally or artificially.

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Portuguese India

The State of India (Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da India, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a sea route to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama, a subject of the Kingdom of Portugal.

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Portuguese people

The Portuguese people (– masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west of Europe, who share a common culture, ancestry and language.

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Portuguese settlement in Chittagong

Chittagong, the second largest city and main port of Bangladesh, was home to a thriving trading post of the Portuguese Empire in the East in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Pratapgarh Kingdom

The Pratapgarh Kingdom (প্রতাপগড় রাজ্য) was a medieval state in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent.

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Prophet's Mosque

The Prophet's Mosque (ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي|translit.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law.

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Puri

Puri is a coastal city and a municipality in the state of Odisha in eastern India.

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Qazi Fazilat

Qazi Fazilat Shershahi (কাজী ফজিলত, قاضی فضیلت) was an army qadi for Sher Shah Suri and later a governor of Bengal under the Sur Empire from 1541 to 1545.

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Raja Ganesha

Raja Ganesha was a zamindar ruler and the first Hindu Sultan of the Bengal Sultanate, who took advantage of the weakness of the first Ilyas Shahi dynasty and seized power in Bengal.

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Rakhine people

The Rakhine (Burmese and ရခိုင်လူမျိုး) or Arakanese are a Southeast Asian ethnic group in Myanmar (Burma) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State (formerly called Arakan), although Rakhine communities also exist throughout the country, particularly in the Ayeyarwady and Yangon Regions.

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Ratna Manikya I

Ratna Manikya I (d. 1487), also known as Ratna Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1462 to the late 1480s.

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Religious conversion

Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.

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Restoration of Min Saw Mon

The restoration of Min Saw Mon was a military campaign led by the Bengal Sultanate to help Min Saw Mon regain control of his Launggyet Dynasty.

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Rila Mukherjee

Rila Mukherjee is a historian and author.

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Riyaz-us-Salatin

Riyaz-us-Salatin (رياض السلاطين) is the first British-era historic book on the Muslim rule in Bengal that was published in Bengal in 1788.

See Bengal Sultanate and Riyaz-us-Salatin

Ruknuddin Barbak Shah

Ruknuddīn Bārbak Shāh (রোকনউদ্দীন বারবক শাহ, رکن الدین باربک شاه; r. 1459–1474) was the son and successor of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah.

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Safavid Iran

Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire,, officially known as the Guarded Domains of Iran, was one of the largest and long-standing Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty.

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Saifuddin Firuz Shah

Malik Andil Habshi (মালিক আন্দিল হাবশী), better known by his regnal title Saifuddin Firoze Shah (সাইফউদ্দীন ফিরোজ শাহ, سیف الدین فیروز شاه) was the second "Habshi" ruler of the Bengal Sultanate's Habshi dynasty.

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Saifuddin Hamza Shah

Saifuddin Hamza Shah (سیف الدین حمزه شاه, সাইফুদ্দীন হামজ়া শাহ) was the fourth Sultan of the first Ilyas dynasty of Bengal reigning from 1410 to 1412.

See Bengal Sultanate and Saifuddin Hamza Shah

Saptagram

Saptagram (colloquially called Satgaon) was an ancient major port, the chief city and sometimes capital of southern Bengal, in ancient and medieval times of Bengal, the location presently being in the Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Sayed Jamaluddin Mosque

Sayed Jamaluddin Mosque (সৈয়দ জামালুদ্দিনের মসজিদ, مسجد سيد جمال الدين) is a former mosque and archaeological site located in the ancient city of Saptagram in Hooghly district, West Bengal.

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Sayyid

Sayyid (سيد;; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: سادة; feminine: سيدة) is an honorific title of Hasanids and Husaynids Muslims, recognized as descendants of the Arab companion Ali through his sons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali.

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Sericulture

Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.

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Shah

Shah (شاه) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Indian and Iranian monarchies.

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Shah Ismail Ghazi

Shah Ismail Ghazi (শাহ ইসমাঈল গাজী) was a 15th-century Sufi Muslim preacher based in Bengal.

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Shah Muhammad Saghir

Shah Muhammad Sagir (শাহ মুহম্মদ সগীর) was one of the earliest Bengali Muslim poets, if not the first.

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Shah Rukh

Shah Rukh or Shahrukh Mirza (شاهرخ, Šāhrokh; 20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447.

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Shahnameh

The Shahnameh (lit), also transliterated Shahnama, is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.

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Shahzada Barbak

Shāhzāda Bārbak (শাহজাদা বারবক, شاهزاده باربک||Prince Barbak), known by his regnal title as Ghiyāsuddīn Bārbak Shāh (গিয়াসউদ্দীন বারবক শাহ, غياث الدين باربک شاه), was the Sultan of Bengal in 1487 and the founder of the Sultanate's Habshi dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Shahzada Barbak

Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah

Shamsuddīn Aḥmad Shāh (শামসউদ্দীন আহমদ শাহ, شمس الدین احمد شاه; 1433–1436) was the last Sultan of Bengal belonging to the House of Ganesha.

See Bengal Sultanate and Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah

Shamsuddin Firuz Shah

Shamsuddin Firuz Shah (شمس الدين فيروز شاه, শামসুদ্দীন ফিরুজ শাহ, Shams Ad-Dīn Firūz Shāh; reigned: 1301–1322) was the independent ruler of the Lakhnauti Kingdom.

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Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah was the founder of the Sultanate of Bengal and its inaugural Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah

Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah

Sidi Badr, later known by his regnal name Shams ad-Dīn Muẓaffar Shāh (شمس الدین مظفر شاه, শামসউদ্দীন মোজাফফর শাহ), was the Sultan of Bengal from 1491 to 1493.

See Bengal Sultanate and Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah

Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah

Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah (شمس الدین یوسف شاه, শামসউদ্দীন ইউসুফ শাহ) was the Sultan of Bengal from 1474 to 1481.

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Shankarpasha Shahi Masjid

Shankarpasha Shahi Jame Masjid, (শংকরপাশা শাহী মসজিদ, شاهي مسجد شنكرپاشا) is an ancient mosque in the Habiganj Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh.

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Shell money

Shell money is a medium of exchange similar to coin money and other forms of commodity money, and was once commonly used in many parts of the world.

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Sher Shah Suri

Sher Shah Suri (Farid al-Din Khan; 1472 or 1486 – 22 May 1545), also known by his title Sultan Adil (Just King), was the ruler of Bihar from 1530 to 1540, and Sultan of Hindustan from 1540 until his death in 1545.

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Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah

Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah (شهاب الدین بایزید شاه, শিহাবুদ্দীন বায়েজ়ীদ শাহ) was a Sultan of Bengal for a brief period between 1413 and 1414 CE.

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Shipbuilding in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a long history of shipbuilding.

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Siddi

The Siddi, also known as the Sheedi, Sidi, or Siddhi, are an ethnic minority group inhabiting Pakistan and India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Siddi

Sikandar Shah

Abul Mujāhid Sikandar Shāh (আবুল মুজাহিদ সিকান্দর শাহ, ابو المجاهد سكندر شاه), commonly known as Sikandar Shah; was the second Sultan of Bengal and the Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

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Sonargaon

Sonargaon (সোনারগাঁও; pronounced in Bengali as Show-naar-gaa; lit. Golden Hamlet) is a historic city in central Bangladesh.

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Sone River

Sone River, also spelt Son River, is a perennial river located in central India.

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Sufism

Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sufism

Sulaiman Khan Karrani

Sulaiman Khan Karrani (সুলায়মান খান কররানী, سليمان خان کرانی; reigned: 1565–1572) was an Afghan Sultan of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sulaiman Khan Karrani

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sultan

Sumatra

Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sumatra

Sundarbans

Sundarbans (pronounced) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. Bengal Sultanate and Sundarbans are bay of Bengal.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sunni Islam

Sur Empire

The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sur Empire

Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

See Bengal Sultanate and Suzerainty

Syed Sultan

Syed Sultan (– 1648) was a medieval Bengali Muslim writer and poet.

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Syeda Momena Khatun

Syeda Momena Khatun (সৈয়দা মোমেনা খাঁতুন, سيدة مؤمنة خاتون|Sayyidah Muʾminah Khātūn) was a princess of the Sultanate of Bengal's Hussain Shahi dynasty.

See Bengal Sultanate and Syeda Momena Khatun

Sylhet

Sylhet (Bengali: সিলেট), is a metropolitan city located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh.

See Bengal Sultanate and Sylhet

Sylhet Division

Sylhet Division, সিলেট বিভাগ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively, and by the divisions of Chittagong to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Prior to the Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India).

See Bengal Sultanate and Sylhet Division

Taj Khan Karrani

Taj Khan Karrani (reigned 1564–1565) was the founder of the Karrani dynasty, a Pashtun dynasty of Karlan-Afghan origin that ruled Bengal, Orissa and parts of Bihar.

See Bengal Sultanate and Taj Khan Karrani

Taluqdar

Taluqdars or Talukdar (তালুকদার, Hindustani: तालुक़दार/تعلقدار; taluq تعلق "estate" + dar دار "owner"), were aristocrats who formed the ruling class during the Delhi Sultanate, Bengal Sultanate, Mughal Empire and British Raj.

See Bengal Sultanate and Taluqdar

Tanda, Bengal

Tanda (তান্ডা), also known as Tandah and Khwaspur Tandah, was a historic 16th-century city of Bengal in the eastern part of South Asia, and one of the most prominent medieval capitals; serving the Karrani Sultans of Bengal and the early Mughal governors of Bengal.

See Bengal Sultanate and Tanda, Bengal

Taqi al-Din al-Fasi

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi (تقي الدين أبي الطيب محمد بن أحمد الفاسي., 8 September 1373, in Mecca, Hejaz – 6 July 1429, in Mecca, Hejaz) was an Arab Muslim scholar, muhaddith (hadith scholar), faqih (jurist), historian, genealogist and a Maliki qadi (judge) in Mecca.

See Bengal Sultanate and Taqi al-Din al-Fasi

Terracotta

Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramicOED, "Terracotta";, MFA Boston, "Cameo" database fired at relatively low temperatures.

See Bengal Sultanate and Terracotta

Thana

Thana means "police station" in South Asian countries, and can also mean the district controlled by a police station.

See Bengal Sultanate and Thana

The Discovery of India

The Discovery of India was written by the Indian freedom fighter Jawaharlal Nehru (later India's first Prime Minister) during his incarceration in 1942–1945 at Ahmednagar Fort in present-day Indian state of Maharashtra by British colonial authorities before the independence of India.

See Bengal Sultanate and The Discovery of India

Timur

Timur, also known as Tamerlane (8 April 133617–18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly.

See Bengal Sultanate and Timur

Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان|translit.

See Bengal Sultanate and Timurid dynasty

Timurid Empire

The Timurid Empire was a late medieval, culturally Persianate Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India and Turkey. Bengal Sultanate and Timurid Empire are former empires.

See Bengal Sultanate and Timurid Empire

Tomé Pires

Tomé Pires (c. 1468 — c. 1524/1540) was a Portuguese apothecary, colonial administrator, and diplomat.

See Bengal Sultanate and Tomé Pires

Tomb of Cyrus the Great

The Tomb of Cyrus the Great (Ârâmgâh-e Kuroš-e Bozorg) is the final resting place of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Empire.

See Bengal Sultanate and Tomb of Cyrus the Great

Tripura

Tripura is a state in Northeast India.

See Bengal Sultanate and Tripura

Turco-Persian tradition

The composite Turko-Persian, Turco-Persian,, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991 or Turco-Iranian (فرهنگ ایرانی-ترکی) is the distinctive culture that arose in the 9th and 10th centuries AD in Khorasan and Transoxiana (present-day Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and minor parts of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan).

See Bengal Sultanate and Turco-Persian tradition

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate

Also known as Pax Bengal, Pax Bengala, Shahi Bangalah, Sultan of Bengal, Sultanate of Bengal, Sultans of Bengal.

, Bengalis, Bhati (region), Bhurshut, Bihar, Bipradas Pipilai, Birbhum district, Bologna, Brahmaputra River, Brahmaputra Valley, Brunei, Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888), Buddhism, Cairo, Chandradwip, Chilika Lake, Chittagong, Choto Sona Mosque, Conquest of Sylhet, Cooch Behar State, Cosmology, Cosmology in the Muslim world, Crown, Cuttack, Danyal (Hussain Shahi dynasty), Darasbari Mosque, Daud Khan Karrani, Delhi Sultanate, Deva dynasty, Dinajpur, Dinajpur District, Bangladesh, Dobhashi, Duarte Barbosa, Durbar (court), Ekdala Wars, Eklakhi Mausoleum, Entrepôt, Epic poetry, Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, Faridpur District, Firoz Minar, Firuz Shah Tughlaq, Foreign policy, Gajapati Empire, Ganges Delta, Gauḍa (city), Ghazal, Ghee, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II, Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah, Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, Ghurid dynasty, Golden Age, Grand Trunk Road, Gujarat Sultanate, Habesha peoples, Hafez, Hajo, Harvard University, Hejaz, Herat, Hinduism, Hindus, History of Bengal, History of the taka, House of Ganesha, Humayun, Hussain Shahi dynasty, Iberian Union, Ibrahim Danishmand, Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah, Iltutmish, Ilyas Shahi dynasty, India, Indian subcontinent, Inland port, Interregnum, Isa Khan, Islam, Islam Shah Suri, Jadunath Sarkar, Jagir, Jajpur, Jalaluddin Fateh Shah, Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, Jaunpur Sultanate, Jessore, João de Barros, Kalapahar, Kamata Kingdom, Karrani dynasty, Kasbah, Kathmandu Valley, Khalaj people, Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Khan Jahan Ali, Khen dynasty, Khidr Khan Surak, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Kingdom of Nepal, Kusumba Mosque, Lisbon, List of medieval great powers, List of rulers of Bengal, Lodi dynasty, Ludovico di Varthema, Ma Huan, Madrasa, Madrasa Al-Bangaliyyah, Mahmud Shah II, Mahmud Shah of Bengal, Majumdars of Sylhet, Malacca Sultanate, Maladhar Basu, Malindi, Mamluk Sultanate, Marco Polo, Mecca, Medieval India, Medina, Mihrab, Min Saw Mon, Ming dynasty, Ming treasure voyages, Mint (facility), Mithila (region), Modern architecture, Morus (plant), Mosque City of Bagerhat, Mrauk U, Mughal conquest of Bengal, Mughal Empire, Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, Muhammad Khan Sur, Muhammad of Ghor, Multinational state, Murshidabad district, Muslin, Myanmar, Mymensingh, Nadia district, Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah, Nepal, Niccolò de' Conti, Nine Dome Mosque, Nizami Ganjavi, North Bengal, Nur Qutb Alam, Nuruddin Sikandar Shah, Odisha, Official language, Oiniwar dynasty, Oleg Grabar, One Thousand and One Nights, Panbari Mosque, Pandua, Malda, Pashtuns, Pathans in India, Pathrail Mosque, Pearling in Bangladesh, Persian language, Persian literature, Persianate society, Persians, Petty kingdom, Piracy, Pond, Portuguese India, Portuguese people, Portuguese settlement in Chittagong, Pratapgarh Kingdom, Prophet's Mosque, Protectorate, Puri, Qazi Fazilat, Raja Ganesha, Rakhine people, Ratna Manikya I, Religious conversion, Republic of Venice, Restoration of Min Saw Mon, Rila Mukherjee, Riyaz-us-Salatin, Ruknuddin Barbak Shah, Safavid Iran, Saifuddin Firuz Shah, Saifuddin Hamza Shah, Saptagram, Sarcophagus, Sayed Jamaluddin Mosque, Sayyid, Sericulture, Shah, Shah Ismail Ghazi, Shah Muhammad Saghir, Shah Rukh, Shahnameh, Shahzada Barbak, Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah, Shamsuddin Firuz Shah, Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah, Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah, Shankarpasha Shahi Masjid, Shell money, Sher Shah Suri, Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah, Shipbuilding in Bangladesh, Siddi, Sikandar Shah, Sonargaon, Sone River, Sufism, Sulaiman Khan Karrani, Sultan, Sumatra, Sundarbans, Sunni Islam, Sur Empire, Suzerainty, Syed Sultan, Syeda Momena Khatun, Sylhet, Sylhet Division, Taj Khan Karrani, Taluqdar, Tanda, Bengal, Taqi al-Din al-Fasi, Terracotta, Thana, The Discovery of India, Timur, Timurid dynasty, Timurid Empire, Tomé Pires, Tomb of Cyrus the Great, Tripura, Turco-Persian tradition, Twipra Kingdom, Ulama, Umayyad Mosque, Varanasi, Vasco da Gama, Vassal state, Vijay Gupta (poet), Vijayanagara, War elephant, World Heritage Site, Yongle Emperor, Yusuf and Zulaikha, Zamindar, Zheng He, 24 Parganas.

Bengal Sultanate, the Glossary

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