Biofilm, the Glossary
A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.[1]
Table of Contents
171 relations: Acidogenesis, Adsorption, Algae, Alkaloid, Annelid, Anoxic waters, Antibiotic, Antimicrobial, Antimicrobial peptides, Antimicrobial resistance, Aquaculture, Aqueous solution, Archaea, Artificial heart valve, Asepsis, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Bacteria, Bacterial conjugation, Bacteriophage, Beta-lactam, Biochemical oxygen demand, Bioclogging, Biofouling, Bioleaching, Bryozoa, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caister Academic Press, Candida albicans, Carbohydrate, Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Cell (biology), Cell adhesion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cilium, Cis-2-Decenoic acid, Colorectal cancer, Competence stimulating peptide, Contact lens, Corrosion, Cyanobacteria, Cystic fibrosis, Dental plaque, Dentin, Deoxyribonuclease, Detergent, Developmental biology, Diatom, Direct current, Dispersin B, ... Expand index (121 more) »
- Biological matter
- Microbiology terms
Acidogenesis
Acidogenesis is the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion. Biofilm and Acidogenesis are bacteriology.
Adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom.
Annelid
The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.
Anoxic waters
Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen.
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent).
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life.
See Biofilm and Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).
See Biofilm and Antimicrobial resistance
Aquaculture
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus).
Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.
See Biofilm and Aqueous solution
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
Artificial heart valve
An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person's heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning properly (valvular heart disease).
See Biofilm and Artificial heart valve
Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).
Azospirillum
Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae.
Bacillus
Bacillus (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. Biofilm and Bacteria are bacteriology.
Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. Biofilm and bacterial conjugation are bacteriology.
See Biofilm and Bacterial conjugation
Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Beta-lactam
A beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam.
Biochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
See Biofilm and Biochemical oxygen demand
Bioclogging
Bioclogging or biological clogging refers to the blockage of pore space in soil by microbial biomass, including active cells and their byproducts such as extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm and Bioclogging are environmental soil science.
Biofouling
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals where it is not wanted on surfaces such as ship and submarine hulls, devices such as water inlets, pipework, grates, ponds, and rivers that cause degradation to the primary purpose of that item.
Bioleaching
Bioleaching is the extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms.
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments.
See Biofilm and Caenorhabditis elegans
Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology and molecular biology.
See Biofilm and Caister Academic Press
Candida albicans
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora.
See Biofilm and Candida albicans
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Catheter-associated urinary tract Infection, or CAUTI, is a urinary tract infection associated with urinary catheter use.
See Biofilm and Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Biofilm and Cell (biology)
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.
See Biofilm and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
Cis-2-Decenoic acid
cis-2-Decenoic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid.
See Biofilm and Cis-2-Decenoic acid
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
See Biofilm and Colorectal cancer
Competence stimulating peptide
Competence stimulating peptide (CSP), a chemical messenger assisting quorum sensing initiation, exists in many bacterial genera.
See Biofilm and Competence stimulating peptide
Contact lenses, or simply contacts, are thin lenses placed directly on the surface of the eyes.
Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that impairs the normal clearance of mucus from the lungs, which facilitates the colonization and infection of the lungs by bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus.
See Biofilm and Cystic fibrosis
Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth.
Dentin
Dentin (American English) or dentine (British English) (substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.
Deoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA.
See Biofilm and Deoxyribonuclease
Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions.
Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
See Biofilm and Developmental biology
Diatom
A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
Direct current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge.
See Biofilm and Direct current
Dispersin B
Dispersin B (also known as DspB or DispersinB) is a 40 kDa glycoside hydrolase produced by the periodontal pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Biofilm and DNA
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium.
Ensifer meliloti
Ensifer meliloti (formerly Rhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium meliloti) are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria.
See Biofilm and Ensifer meliloti
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Biofilm and Escherichia coli
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), also called intercellular matrix (ICM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
See Biofilm and Extracellular matrix
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. Biofilm and Extracellular polymeric substance are bacteriology, biological matter, environmental soil science, membrane biology and microbiology terms.
See Biofilm and Extracellular polymeric substance
Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Galleria mellonella
Galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae.
See Biofilm and Galleria mellonella
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; ulitis is an alternative term.
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
Goblet cell
Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins, like mucin 2 in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and mucin 5AC in the respiratory tract.
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that unlike gram-positive bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Biofilm and gram-negative bacteria are bacteriology.
See Biofilm and Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Biofilm and gram-positive bacteria are bacteriology.
See Biofilm and Gram-positive bacteria
Granulocyte
Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm.
Hamus (archaea)
Archaea, one of the three domains of life, are a highly diverse group of prokaryotes that include a number of extremophiles.
See Biofilm and Hamus (archaea)
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium.
See Biofilm and Helicobacter pylori
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
See Biofilm and Horizontal gene transfer
Hospital-acquired infection
A hospital-acquired infection, also known as a nosocomial infection (from the Greek, meaning "hospital"), is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility.
See Biofilm and Hospital-acquired infection
Hot spring
A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth.
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (also known as hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, oil degrading bacteria or HCB) are a heterogeneous group of prokaryotes which can degrade and utilize hydrocarbon compounds as source of carbon and energy.
See Biofilm and Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
Hydrogel
A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous, permeable solids and at least 10% by weight or volume of interstitial fluid composed completely or mainly by water.
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
Hypogeal
Hypogeal, hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity below the soil surface.
Infection
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types.
See Biofilm and Inflammatory bowel disease
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology.
See Biofilm and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Invertebrate
Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
See Biofilm and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Lactic acid bacteria
Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical (cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation, giving them the common name lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
See Biofilm and Lactic acid bacteria
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus arabinosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) is a widespread member of the genus Lactiplantibacillus and commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter.
See Biofilm and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Lactococcus lactis
Lactococcus lactis is a gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.
See Biofilm and Lactococcus lactis
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin family.
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina.
See Biofilm and List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.
See Biofilm and Listeria monocytogenes
Macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface.
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.
Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye.
Microbial biodegradation
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds (such as pyridine or quinoline), pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals. Biofilm and microbial biodegradation are environmental microbiology and environmental soil science.
See Biofilm and Microbial biodegradation
Microbial consortium
A microbial consortium or microbial community, is two or more bacterial or microbial groups living symbiotically.
See Biofilm and Microbial consortium
Microbial corrosion
Microbial corrosion, also called microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), microbially induced corrosion (MIC), or biocorrosion, is when microbes affect the electrochemical environment of the surface they are on.
See Biofilm and Microbial corrosion
Microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioelectrochemical fuel cell system also known as micro fuel cell that generates electric current by diverting electrons produced from the microbial oxidation of reduced compounds (also known as fuel or electron donor) on the anode to oxidized compounds such as oxygen (also known as oxidizing agent or electron acceptor) on the cathode through an external electrical circuit.
See Biofilm and Microbial fuel cell
Microbiome
A microbiome is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat.
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Model organism
A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
See Biofilm and Model organism
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
N-Acyl homoserine lactone
N-Acyl homoserine lactones (Abbreviated as AHLs or N-AHLs) are a class of signaling molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing, a means of communication between bacteria enabling behaviors based on population density.
See Biofilm and N-Acyl homoserine lactone
Nalidixic acid
Nalidixic acid (tradenames Nevigramon, NegGram, Wintomylon and WIN 18,320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics.
See Biofilm and Nalidixic acid
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular) or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879.
See Biofilm and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula.
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen is converted into ammonia.
See Biofilm and Nitrogen fixation
Non-motile bacteria
Non-motile bacteria are bacteria species that lack the ability and structures that would allow them to propel themselves, under their own power, through their environment. Biofilm and Non-motile bacteria are bacteriology.
See Biofilm and Non-motile bacteria
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
See Biofilm and Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.
See Biofilm and Periodontal disease
Persister cells
Persister cells are subpopulations of cells that resist treatment, and become antimicrobial tolerant by changing to a state of dormancy or quiescence.
See Biofilm and Persister cells
Phenotypic plasticity
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment.
See Biofilm and Phenotypic plasticity
Phycosphere
The phycosphere is a microscale mucus region that is rich in organic matter surrounding a phytoplankton cell.
Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair';: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.
Pipe (fluid conveyance)
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids.
See Biofilm and Pipe (fluid conveyance)
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in water (or air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against currents (or wind).
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Polymer
A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.
See Biofilm and Polysaccharide
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Produce
Produce is a generalized term for many farm-produced crops, including fruits and vegetables (grains, oats, etc. are also sometimes considered produce).
Prosthesis
In medicine, a prosthesis (prostheses; from addition, application, attachment), or a prosthetic implant, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder).
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.
See Biofilm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.
See Biofilm and Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, saprophytic soil bacterium.
See Biofilm and Pseudomonas putida
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
See Biofilm and Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pyrobaculum
Pyrobaculum is a genus of the Thermoproteaceae.
Quorum sensing
In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the process of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to environmental disadvantages. Biofilm and quorum sensing are bacteriology and environmental microbiology.
See Biofilm and Quorum sensing
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
See Biofilm and Regulation of gene expression
Rhamnolipid
Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amongst other organisms, frequently cited as bacterial surfactants.
Rhizobia
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae).
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarum is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from the air.
See Biofilm and Rhizobium leguminosarum
Roberto Kolter
Roberto Kolter is Professor of Microbiology, Emeritus at Harvard Medical School, an author, and past president of the American Society for Microbiology.
See Biofilm and Roberto Kolter
Root nodule
Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Rotifer
The rotifers (from the Latin rota, "wheel", and -fer, "bearing"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals.
Salmonella
Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.
See Biofilm and Sanitary sewer
Schmutzdecke
Schmutzdecke (German, "dirt cover" or dirty skin, sometimes wrongly spelled schmutzedecke) is a hypogeal biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter and a form of periphyton. Biofilm and Schmutzdecke are environmental soil science.
Secondary treatment
Secondary treatment (mostly biological wastewater treatment) is the removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension) from sewage or similar kinds of wastewater.
See Biofilm and Secondary treatment
Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.
See Biofilm and Sewage treatment
Shellfish
Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.
Sinusitis
Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain.
Skin infection
A skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes.
See Biofilm and Skin infection
Slow sand filter
Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product. Biofilm and Slow sand filter are environmental soil science.
See Biofilm and Slow sand filter
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales.
See Biofilm and Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. Biofilm and Staphylococcus aureus are bacteriology.
See Biofilm and Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
See Biofilm and Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus.
See Biofilm and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Stromatolite
Stromatolites or stromatoliths are layered sedimentary formations (microbialite) that are created mainly by photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and Pseudomonadota (formerly proteobacteria).
Symbiosome
A symbiosome is a specialised compartment in a host cell that houses an endosymbiont in a symbiotic relationship.
Syntrophy
In biology, syntrophy, syntrophism, or cross-feeding (from Greek syn meaning together, trophe meaning nourishment) is the cooperative interaction between at least two microbial species to degrade a single substrate.
Tooth
A tooth (teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
Tooth brushing
Tooth brushing is the act of scrubbing teeth with a toothbrush equipped with toothpaste.
See Biofilm and Tooth brushing
Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries,The word 'caries' is a mass noun, and is not a plural of 'carie'. is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria.
Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish.
Tragedy of the commons
The tragedy of the commons is the concept which states that if many people enjoy unfettered access to a finite, valuable resource such as a pasture, they will tend to overuse it and may end up destroying its value altogether.
See Biofilm and Tragedy of the commons
Trickling filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
See Biofilm and Trickling filter
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization, a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to allow urine to drain from the bladder for collection.
See Biofilm and Urinary catheterization
Urinary system
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.
See Biofilm and Urinary system
Urinary tract infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract.
See Biofilm and Urinary tract infection
Van der Waals force
In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force (sometimes van de Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules.
See Biofilm and Van der Waals force
Water stagnation
Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing for a long period of time. Biofilm and water stagnation are environmental soil science.
See Biofilm and Water stagnation
Xylella fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosa is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Xylella.
See Biofilm and Xylella fastidiosa
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis; formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the pathogen from which Y. pestis evolved and responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever.
See Biofilm and Yersinia pestis
See also
Biological matter
- Active transport
- Amnion
- Biofilm
- Biological membrane
- Cellular component
- Center for Biofilm Engineering
- Davydov soliton
- Egg white
- Extracellular polymeric substance
- Floc (biofilm)
- Lignocellulosic biomass
- Lipid bilayer
- Microbial ecology
- Neurophysins
- Pink algae
- Sewage fungus
Microbiology terms
- Agar plate
- Application of biofilms in industry
- Axenic
- Bacterial lawn
- Bioactive agents
- Bioburden
- Biofilm
- Biovar
- Chemotype
- Colonial morphology
- Colony (biology)
- Colony-forming unit
- Contact-dependent growth inhibition
- Exoelectrogen
- Extracellular polymeric substance
- Floc (biofilm)
- Flora (microbiology)
- Hemolysis (microbiology)
- McIntosh and Fildes' anaerobic jar
- Microbial ecology
- Microbial loop
- Microbiological culture
- Minimum bactericidal concentration
- Minimum inhibitory concentration
- Petrifilm
- Phyllosphere
- Skin flora
- Social motility
- Sterility assurance level
- Strain (biology)
- Subculture (biology)
- Thermal death time
- Total viable organism
- Variant (biology)
- Virulence
- Xenobiotic
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm
Also known as Bacterial mat, Bacterial mats, Bio film, Bioelectric effect, Biofilms, Microbial biofilm, Zoogleal mat.
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