Buddhism, the Glossary
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.[1]
Table of Contents
502 relations: A. K. Warder, Aṅguttara Nikāya, Abhidharma, Abhijñā, Adultery, Afghanistan, Ahimsa, Ajanta Caves, Akriyavada, Akshobhya, Alan Watts, Alcohol (drug), Alexis Sanderson, Ambedkarism, Amitābha, An Shigao, Anagarika Dharmapala, Anapanasati, Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta, Anattā, Antinomianism, Apatrapya, Appamāda, Aranyaka, Arhat, Arya (Buddhism), Asanga, Asava, Asceticism, Ashoka, Atheism, Avidyā (Buddhism), Āḷāra Kālāma, Āgama (Buddhism), Ājīvika, Ātman (Hinduism), Śūraṅgama Sūtra, Śramaṇa, Śrauta, Śrāvaka, Śrāvakayāna, Śuddhodana, B. R. Ambedkar, Bharhut, Bhava, Bhavana, Bhikkhu, Bhikkhu Analayo, Bhutan, Bible, ... Expand index (452 more) »
- Gautama Buddha
- Indian religions
- Āstika
A. K. Warder
Anthony Kennedy Warder (8 September 19248 January 2013) was a British Indologist.
Aṅguttara Nikāya
The Aṅguttara Nikāya (also translated "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the fourth of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that comprise the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Aṅguttara Nikāya
Abhidharma
The Abhidharma are a collection of Buddhist texts dating from the 3rd century BCE onwards, which contain detailed scholastic presentations of doctrinal material appearing in the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.
Abhijñā
Abhijñā (अभिज्ञा; Pali pronunciation: abhiññā; མངོན་ཤེས mngon shes) is a Buddhist term generally translated as "direct knowledge", "higher knowledge"Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), pp.
Adultery
Adultery is extramarital sex that is considered objectionable on social, religious, moral, or legal grounds.
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
Ahimsa
(IAST) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings.
Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves are 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the second century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district (a.k.a. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district) of Maharashtra state in India.
Akriyavada
Akriyavada is the doctrine, considered heretical by Buddhists, that moral acts do not have any consequences.
Akshobhya
Akshobhya (अक्षोभ्य, Akṣobhya, "Immovable One") is one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas, a product of the Adibuddha, who represents consciousness as an aspect of reality.
Alan Watts
Alan Wilson Watts (6 January 1915 – 16 November 1973) was an English writer, speaker, and self-styled "philosophical entertainer", known for interpreting and popularising Buddhist, Taoist, and Hindu philosophy for a Western audience.
Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category.
See Buddhism and Alcohol (drug)
Alexis Sanderson
Alexis G. J. S. Sanderson (born 1948) is an indologist and Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College at the University of Oxford.
See Buddhism and Alexis Sanderson
Ambedkarism
Ambedkarism is called as the teaching, ideology or philosophy of B.R. Ambedkar, an Indian economist, barrister, social reformer, and the first of Minister of Law and Justice in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru.
Amitābha
Amitābha (अमिताभ; 'Infinite Light') is the principal Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism.
An Shigao
An Shigao (Korean: An Sego, Japanese: An Seikō, Vietnamese: An Thế Cao) (fl. c. 148-180 CE) was an early Buddhist missionary to China, and the earliest known translator of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese.
Anagarika Dharmapala
Anagārika Dharmapāla (Pali: Anagārika,; Sinhala: Anagārika, lit., අනගාරික ධර්මපාල; 17 September 1864 – 29 April 1933) was a Sri Lankan Buddhist revivalist and a writer.
See Buddhism and Anagarika Dharmapala
Anapanasati
Ānāpānasati (Pali; Sanskrit: ānāpānasmṛti), meaning "mindfulness of breathing" (sati means mindfulness; ānāpāna refers to inhalation and exhalation), is the act of paying attention to the breath.
Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta
The Sutta (Pali) or (Sanskrit), is traditionally recorded as the second discourse delivered by Gautama Buddha.
See Buddhism and Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta
Anattā
In Buddhism, the term anattā (𑀅𑀦𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸) or anātman (अनात्मन्) is the doctrine of "non-self" – that no unchanging, permanent self or essence can be found in any phenomenon.
Antinomianism
Antinomianism (Ancient Greek: ἀντί "against" and νόμος "law") is any view which rejects laws or legalism and argues against moral, religious or social norms (Latin: mores), or is at least considered to do so.
See Buddhism and Antinomianism
Apatrapya
Apatrapya (Sanskrit, also apatrāpya; Pali: ottappa; Tibetan Wylie: khrel yod pa) is a Buddhist term translated as "decorum" or "shame".
Appamāda
Apramāda (Sanskrit; Pali: appamāda; Tibetan Wylie: bag yod pa) is a Buddhist term translated as "conscientious" or "concern".
Aranyaka
The Aranyakas (आरण्यक; IAST) are a part of the ancient Indian Vedas concerned with the meaning of ritual sacrifice.
Arhat
In Buddhism, an Arhat (Sanskrit: अर्हत्) or Arhant (Pali: अरहन्त्, 𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆) is one who has gained insight into the true nature of existence and has achieved Nirvana and liberated from the endless cycle of rebirth.
Arya (Buddhism)
Arya (Sanskrit ārya; Pāli: ariya) is a term used in Buddhism that can be translated as "noble", "not ordinary", "valuable", "precious", "pure", "rich".
See Buddhism and Arya (Buddhism)
Asanga
Asaṅga (Sanskrit: असंग,,; Romaji: Mujaku) (fl. 4th century C.E.) was one of the most important spiritual figures of Mahayana Buddhism and the founder of the Yogachara school.
Asava
Āsava is a Pali term (Sanskrit: Āsrava) that is used in Buddhist scripture, philosophy, and psychology, meaning "influx, canker." It refers to the mental defilements of sensual pleasures, craving for existence, and ignorance, which perpetuate samsara, the beginningless cycle of rebirth, dukkha, and dying again.
Asceticism
Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.
Ashoka
Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka (– 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha in the Indian subcontinent from until 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty.
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Avidyā (Buddhism)
Avidyā (Sanskrit: अविद्या; avijjā; Tibetan phonetic: ma rigpa) in Buddhist literature is commonly translated as "ignorance".
See Buddhism and Avidyā (Buddhism)
Āḷāra Kālāma
Alara Kalama (Pāḷi & Sanskrit), was a hermit and a teacher of meditation.
Āgama (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, an āgama (आगम Sanskrit and Pāli, Tibetan ལུང་ (Wylie: lung) for "sacred work"Monier-Williams (1899), p. 129, see "Āgama," retrieved 12 Dec 2008 from "U. Cologne" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0129-Akhara.pdf.
See Buddhism and Āgama (Buddhism)
Ājīvika
Ajivika (IAST) is one of the ''nāstika'' or "heterodox" schools of Indian philosophy.
Ātman (Hinduism)
Ātman (आत्मन्) is a Sanskrit word for the true or eternal Self or the self-existent essence or impersonal witness-consciousness within each individual.
See Buddhism and Ātman (Hinduism)
Śūraṅgama Sūtra
The Śūraṅgama Sūtra (Sūtra of the Heroic March) (Taisho no. 945) is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra that has been especially influential on Korean Buddhism (where it remains a major subject of study in Sŏn monasteries) and Chinese Buddhism (where it was a regular part of daily liturgy during the Song).
See Buddhism and Śūraṅgama Sūtra
Śramaṇa
A śramaṇa (श्रमण,; samaṇa; p; sa môn) is a person "who labours, toils, or exerts themselves for some higher or religious purpose" or "seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic".
Śrauta
Śrauta is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism.
Śrāvaka
Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or Sāvaka (Pali) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple".
Śrāvakayāna
Śrāvakayāna (श्रावकयान; सावकयान) is one of the three yānas known to Indian Buddhism.
Śuddhodana
Śuddhodana (Pali: Suddhodana), meaning "he who grows pure rice," was the father of Siddhartha Gautama, better known as the Buddha.
B. R. Ambedkar
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Bhīmrāo Rāmjī Āmbēḍkar; 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer and political leader who headed the committee drafting the Constitution of India from the Constituent Assembly debates, served as Law and Justice minister in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru, and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement after renouncing Hinduism.
See Buddhism and B. R. Ambedkar
Bharhut
Bharhut is a village located in the Satna district of Madhya Pradesh, central India.
Bhava
The Sanskrit word bhava (भव) means being, worldly existence, becoming, birth, be, production, origin,Monier Monier-Williams (1898), Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Archive:, bhava but also habitual or emotional tendencies.
Bhavana
Bhāvanā (Pali;Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), p. 503, entry for "Bhāvanā," retrieved 9 December 2008 from "U. Chicago" at. Sanskrit: भावना, also bhāvanāMonier-Williams (1899), p. 755, see "Bhāvana" and "Bhāvanā", retrieved 9 December 2008 from "U.
Bhikkhu
A bhikkhu (Pali: भिक्खु, Sanskrit: भिक्षु, bhikṣu) is an ordained male in Buddhist monasticism.
Bhikkhu Analayo
Bhikkhu Anālayo is a bhikkhu (Buddhist monk), scholar, and meditation teacher.
See Buddhism and Bhikkhu Analayo
Bhutan
Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia situated in the Eastern Himalayas between China in the north and India in the south.
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Bihar
Bihar is a state in Eastern India.
Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gayā is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple complex, situated in the Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Bodhi Tree
The Bodhi Tree ("tree of awakening"), also called the Mahabodhi Tree, Bo Tree, is a large sacred fig tree (Ficus religiosa) located in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India. Buddhism and Bodhi Tree are Gautama Buddha.
Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
In Buddhism, the (Pali; variant spellings include and; Skt.) are qualities conducive or related to awakening/understanding, i.e. the factors and wholesome qualities which are developed when the mind is trained.
See Buddhism and Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
Bodhisattva
In Buddhism, a bodhisattva (English:; translit) or bodhisatva is a person who is on the path towards bodhi ('awakening') or Buddhahood.
Bodhisattva Precepts
The Bodhisattva Precepts (Skt. bodhisattva-śīla,, bosatsukai) are a set of ethical trainings (śīla) used in Mahāyāna Buddhism to advance a practitioner along the path to becoming a bodhisattva.
See Buddhism and Bodhisattva Precepts
Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra
The Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra or Bodhicaryāvatāra (बोधिसत्त्वाचर्यावतार; Tibetan: བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa; Chinese: 入菩薩行論; Japanese: 入菩薩行論) translated into English as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c.
See Buddhism and Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra
Book of the Later Han
The Book of the Later Han, also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hou Hanshu, is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later or Eastern Han.
See Buddhism and Book of the Later Han
Brahman
In Hinduism, Brahman (ब्रह्मन्; IAST: Brahman) connotes the highest universal principle, the Ultimate Reality of the universe.
Buddha's Dispensation
The Buddha's Dispensation (Pali: Buddha-sāsana) is the teaching - and dissemination of that teaching - of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama.
See Buddhism and Buddha's Dispensation
Buddhacharita
Buddhacharita is an epic poem in the Sanskrit mahakavya style on the life of Gautama Buddha by Aśvaghoṣa of Sāketa (modern Ayodhya), composed in the early second century CE. Buddhism and Buddhacharita are Gautama Buddha.
See Buddhism and Buddhacharita
Buddhahood
In Buddhism, Buddha (Pali, Sanskrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥, बुद्ध, "awakened one") is a title for those who are spiritually awake or enlightened, and have thus attained the supreme goal of Buddhism, variously described as pristine awareness, nirvana, awakening, enlightenment, and liberation or vimutti.
Buddhas and bodhisattvas in art
The many different varieties of Buddhist art often show buddhas and bodhisattvas, as well as depictions of the historical Buddha, known as Gautama Buddha (or Siddhārtha Gautama, Śākyamuni, or Tathāgata).
See Buddhism and Buddhas and bodhisattvas in art
Buddhas of Bamiyan
The Buddhas of Bamiyan were two possibly 6th-century monumental Buddhist statues in the Bamiyan Valley of Afghanistan.
See Buddhism and Buddhas of Bamiyan
Buddhism and caste
Buddhism arose in India in the 5th century BC, when the predominant religion in the region was Brahmanism, a predecessor of modern-day Hinduism.
See Buddhism and Buddhism and caste
Buddhism and Eastern religions
Buddhism's rich history spans over 2,500 years, originating from the Indian subcontinent in the 2nd century AD.
See Buddhism and Buddhism and Eastern religions
Buddhism and psychology
Buddhism includes an analysis of human psychology, emotion, cognition, behavior and motivation along with therapeutic practices.
See Buddhism and Buddhism and psychology
Buddhism and science
The relationship between Buddhism and science is a subject of contemporary discussion and debate among Buddhists, scientists, and scholars of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhism and science
Buddhism by country
This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population.
See Buddhism and Buddhism by country
Buddhism in Bhutan
Buddhism is the state religion of Bhutan.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Bhutan
Buddhism in Cambodia
Buddhism in Cambodia or Khmer Buddhism (ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា, UNGEGN) has existed since at least the 5th century.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Cambodia
Buddhism in Central Asia
Buddhism in Central Asia mainly existed in Mahayana forms and was historically especially prevalent along the Silk Road.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Central Asia
Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism in Laos
Theravada Buddhism is the largest religion in Laos, which is practiced by 66% of the population.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Laos
Buddhism in Mongolia
Buddhism is the largest religion in Mongolia practiced by 51.7% of Mongolia's population, according to the 2020 Mongolia census.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Mongolia
Buddhism in Myanmar
Buddhism (ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), specifically Theravāda Buddhism (ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), is the official and state religion of Myanmar since 1961, and practiced by nearly 90% of the population.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Myanmar
Buddhism in Nepal
Buddhism in Nepal started spreading since the reign of Ashoka through Indian and Tibetan missionaries.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Nepal
Buddhism in Singapore
Buddhism is the largest religion in Singapore, practiced by approximately 31.1% of the population as of 2020.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Singapore
Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Theravada Buddhism is the largest and official religion of Sri Lanka, practiced by 70.2% of the population as of 2012.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Buddhism in Taiwan
Buddhism is one of the major religions of Taiwan. Taiwanese people predominantly practice Mahayana Buddhism, Confucian principles, Taoist tradition and local practices.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Taiwan
Buddhism in Thailand
Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school, which is followed by roughly 93.4 percent of the population.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Thailand
Buddhism in the West
Buddhism in the West (or more narrowly Western Buddhism) broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia in the Western world.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in the West
Buddhism in Vietnam
Buddhism in Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đạo Phật, 道佛 or Phật Giáo, 佛教), as practiced by the Vietnamese people, is a form of East Asian Mahayana Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhism in Vietnam
Buddhist architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Buddhist architecture
Buddhist art
Buddhist art is visual art produced in the context of Buddhism.
Buddhist cosmology
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.
See Buddhism and Buddhist cosmology
Buddhist councils
Since the death of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhist monastic communities ("sangha") have periodically convened to settle doctrinal and disciplinary disputes and to revise and correct the contents of the Buddhist canons.
See Buddhism and Buddhist councils
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist cuisine is an Asian cuisine that is followed by monks and many believers from areas historically influenced by Mahayana Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist devotion
Devotion, a central practice in Buddhism, refers to commitment to religious observances or to an object or person, and may be translated with Sanskrit or Pāli terms like saddhā, gārava or pūjā.
See Buddhism and Buddhist devotion
Buddhist ethics
Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on the enlightened perspective of the Buddha.
See Buddhism and Buddhist ethics
Buddhist meditation
Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist meditation
Buddhist modernism
Buddhist modernism (also referred to as modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism, and Neo-Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist modernism
Buddhist monasticism
Buddhist monasticism is one of the earliest surviving forms of organized monasticism and one of the fundamental institutions of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist monasticism
Buddhist paths to liberation
The Buddhist path (marga) to liberation, also referred to as awakening, is described in a wide variety of ways.
See Buddhism and Buddhist paths to liberation
Buddhist philosophy
Buddhist philosophy is the ancient Indian philosophical system that developed within the religio-philosophical tradition of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy
Buddhist Publication Society
The Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) is a publishing house with charitable status, whose objective is to disseminate the teachings of Gautama Buddha.
See Buddhism and Buddhist Publication Society
Buddhist Society
The Buddhist Society is a UK registered charity which aims to encourage the study and practice of Buddhist principles.
See Buddhism and Buddhist Society
Buddhist studies
Buddhist studies, also known as Buddhology, is the academic study of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Buddhist studies
Buddhist tantric literature
Buddhist tantric literature refers to the vast and varied literature of the Vajrayāna (or Mantrayāna) Buddhist traditions.
See Buddhism and Buddhist tantric literature
Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist temples or monasteries are (along with Shinto shrines) the most numerous, famous, and important religious buildings in Japan.
See Buddhism and Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist texts
Buddhist texts are religious texts that belong to, or are associated with, Buddhism and its traditions.
See Buddhism and Buddhist texts
Buryatia
Buryatia (Buryatiya; Buryaad Ulas), officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East.
Cambodia
Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia.
Celibacy
Celibacy (from Latin caelibatus) is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons.
Cenobitic monasticism
Cenobitic (or coenobitic) monasticism is a monastic tradition that stresses community life.
See Buddhism and Cenobitic monasticism
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Cetanā
Cetanā (Sanskrit, Pali; Tibetan Wylie: sems pa) is a Buddhist term commonly translated as "volition", "intention", "directionality", etc.
Chan Buddhism
Chan (of), from Sanskrit dhyāna (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Chan Buddhism
Chandogya Upanishad
The Chandogya Upanishad (Sanskrit: छान्दोग्योपनिषद्, IAST: Chāndogyopaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text embedded in the Chandogya Brahmana of the Sama Veda of Hinduism.
See Buddhism and Chandogya Upanishad
Chicago
Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism (p) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which draws on the Chinese Buddhist canonJiang Wu, "The Chinese Buddhist Canon" in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, p. 299, Wiley-Blackwell (2014).
See Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhist canon
The Chinese Buddhist canon refers to a specific collection of Chinese language Buddhist literature that is deemed canonical in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Chinese Buddhist canon
Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
Chinese Esoteric Buddhism refers to traditions of Tantra and Esoteric Buddhism that have flourished among the Chinese people.
See Buddhism and Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion, comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Buddhism and Chinese folk religion are Polytheism.
See Buddhism and Chinese folk religion
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
See Buddhism and Chinese language
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn, reigning title Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama V. He reigned from 1868 until his death in 1910.
See Buddhism and Chulalongkorn
Class conflict
In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.
See Buddhism and Class conflict
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism refers to the categorization of Buddhist tantric scriptures in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism
Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan refers to the language of any text written in Tibetic after the Old Tibetan period.
See Buddhism and Classical Tibetan
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Communism
Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.
Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores.
See Buddhism and Counterculture
Criticism of Buddhism
Criticism of Buddhism has taken numerous different forms, including philosophical and rational criticisms, but also criticism of praxis, such as that its practitioners act in ways contrary to Buddhist principles or that those principles systemically marginalize women.
See Buddhism and Criticism of Buddhism
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See Buddhism and Cultural Revolution
Culture of Asia
The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, food, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory.
See Buddhism and Culture of Asia
D. T. Suzuki
, self-rendered in 1894 as "Daisetz", was a Japanese essayist, philosopher, religious scholar, translator, and writer.
Dalit
Dalit (from dalita meaning "broken/scattered") is a term first coined by the Indian social reformer Jyotirao Phule for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent.
Dalit Buddhist movement
The Dalit Buddhist movement (also known as the Neo-Buddhist movement, Buddhist movement For Dalits, Ambedkarite Buddhist movement and Modern Buddhist movement) is a religious as well as a socio-political movement among Dalits in India which was started by B. R. Ambedkar.
See Buddhism and Dalit Buddhist movement
Damien Keown
Damien Keown (born 1951) is a British academic, bioethicist, and authority on Buddhist bioethics.
Dan Lusthaus
Dan Lusthaus is an American writer on Buddhism.
Das Buddhistische Haus
Das Buddhistische Haus (English: Berlin Buddhist Vihara, literally the Buddhist house) is a Theravada Buddhist temple complex (Vihara) in Frohnau, Berlin, Germany.
See Buddhism and Das Buddhistische Haus
Datsan Gunzechoinei
The Datsan Gunzechoinei (translit, translit, translit) is a large Buddhist temple in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
See Buddhism and Datsan Gunzechoinei
David Seyfort Ruegg
David Seyfort Ruegg (August 1, 1931 – February 2, 2021) was an eminent American-British Buddhologist with a long career, extending from the 1950s to the present.
See Buddhism and David Seyfort Ruegg
Dāna
(Devanagari: दान, IAST) is a Sanskrit and Pali word that connotes the virtue of generosity, charity or giving of alms, in Indian religions and philosophies.
Dīgha Nikāya
The Dīgha Nikāya ("Collection of Long Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the first of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipiṭaka of Theravada Buddhism.
Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
Buddhism, which originated in India, gradually dwindled and was replaced by approximately the 12th century.
See Buddhism and Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (Pali; Sanskrit: Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra; English: The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of the Dhamma Sutta or Promulgation of the Law Sutta) is a Buddhist scripture that is considered by Buddhists to be a record of the first sermon given by Gautama Buddha, the Sermon in the Deer Park at Sarnath. Buddhism and Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta are Gautama Buddha.
See Buddhism and Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
Dhammakaya tradition
The Dhammakaya tradition or Dhammakaya movement (sometimes spelled Thammakaai) is a Thai Buddhist tradition founded by Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro in the early 20th century.
See Buddhism and Dhammakaya tradition
Dharani
Dharanis (IAST), also known as Parittas, are Buddhist chants, mnemonic codes, incantations, or recitations, usually the mantras consisting of Sanskrit or Pali phrases.
Dharma
Dharma (धर्म) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism), among others.
Dharmachakra
The dharmachakra (Sanskrit: धर्मचक्र, dhammacakka) or wheel of dharma is a symbol used in the Dharmic religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Dharmaguptaka
The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit: धर्मगुप्तक) are one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools, depending on the source.
See Buddhism and Dharmaguptaka
Dharmakirti
Dharmakīrti (fl.; Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་; Wylie: chos kyi grags pa), was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā.
Dharmapala of Bengal
Dharmapala (Siddhamātṛikā script:, Dha-rmma-pā-la; Bengali: ধর্মপাল) (ruled between 770s–810s CE) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Dharmapala of Bengal
Dhutanga
Dhutanga (Pali dhutaṅga, ධුතාඞ්ග) or dhūtaguṇa (Sanskrit) is a group of austerities or ascetic practices taught in Buddhism.
Dhyana in Buddhism
In the oldest texts of Buddhism, dhyāna or jhāna is a component of the training of the mind (bhavana), commonly translated as meditation, to withdraw the mind from the automatic responses to sense-impressions, "burn up" the defilements, and leading to a "state of perfect equanimity and awareness (upekkhā-sati-parisuddhi)." Dhyāna may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism, in combination with several related practices which together lead to perfected mindfulness and detachment.
See Buddhism and Dhyana in Buddhism
Dignāga
Dignāga (also known as Diṅnāga) was an Indian Buddhist philosopher and logician.
Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. (born 1952) is the Arthur E. Link Distinguished university professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures.
See Buddhism and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Duḥkha
Duḥkha(Sanskrit: दुःख; Pali: dukkha), 'unease', "standing unstable," commonly translated as "suffering", "pain", or "unhappiness", is an important concept in Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.
Early Buddhist schools
The early Buddhist schools are those schools into which the Buddhist monastic saṅgha split early in the history of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Early Buddhist schools
Early Buddhist texts
Early Buddhist texts (EBTs), early Buddhist literature or early Buddhist discourses are parallel texts shared by the early Buddhist schools.
See Buddhism and Early Buddhist texts
East Asia
East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including the countries of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.
East Asian Buddhism
East Asian Buddhism or East Asian Mahayana is a collective term for the schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed across East Asia which follow the Chinese Buddhist canon.
See Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism
Edicts of Ashoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, attributed to Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire who ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 268 BCE to 232 BCE.
See Buddhism and Edicts of Ashoka
Eight precepts
In Buddhism, the eight precepts (italic, italic) is a list of precepts that are observed by lay Buddhists on observance days and festivals.
See Buddhism and Eight precepts
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Buddhism and Encyclopædia Britannica
Enlightenment in Buddhism
The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti.
See Buddhism and Enlightenment in Buddhism
Erich Fromm
Erich Seligmann Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist.
Eugène Burnouf
Eugène Burnouf (April 8, 1801May 28, 1852) was a French scholar, an Indologist and orientalist.
See Buddhism and Eugène Burnouf
Faith in Buddhism
In Buddhism, faith refers to a serene commitment to the practice of the Buddha's teaching, and to trust in enlightened or highly developed beings, such as Buddhas or bodhisattvas (those aiming to become a Buddha).
See Buddhism and Faith in Buddhism
Fasting
Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.
Fasting in Buddhism
In Buddhism, there are a variety of attitudes towards different forms of fasting (Skt. upavāsa or anaśana).
See Buddhism and Fasting in Buddhism
Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family.
See Buddhism and Ficus religiosa
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
Five hindrances
In the Buddhist tradition, the five hindrances (Pali) are identified as mental factors that hinder progress in meditation and in daily life.
See Buddhism and Five hindrances
Four Noble Truths
In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths (caturāriyasaccāni; "The Four Arya Satya") are "the truths of the Noble Ones", the truths or realities for the "spiritually worthy ones".
See Buddhism and Four Noble Truths
Four stages of awakening
The four stages of awakening in Early Buddhism and Theravada are four progressive stages culminating in full awakening (Bodhi) as an Arahant.
See Buddhism and Four stages of awakening
Francis Xavier
Francis Xavier, SJ (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; Latin: Franciscus Xaverius; Basque: Frantzisko Xabierkoa; French: François Xavier; Spanish: Francisco Javier; Portuguese: Francisco Xavier; 7 April 15063 December 1552), venerated as Saint Francis Xavier, was born in Navarre, Spain Catholic missionary and saint who co-founded the Society of Jesus and, as a representative of the Portuguese Empire, led the first Christian mission to Japan.
See Buddhism and Francis Xavier
Gaṇasaṅgha
Gana-Sangha or Gana-Rajya was a type of clan structure of aristocratic republics in ancient India.
Gandhara
Gandhara was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilization centred in present-day north-west Pakistan and north-east Afghanistan.
Gandharan Buddhism
Gandhāran Buddhism refers to the Buddhist culture of ancient Gandhāra which was a major center of Buddhism in the northwestern Indian subcontinent from the 3rd century BCE to approximately 1200 CE.
See Buddhism and Gandharan Buddhism
Gandhari language
Gāndhārī was an Indo-Aryan Prakrit language found mainly in texts dated between the 3rd century BCE and 4th century CE in the region of Gandhāra, located in the northwestern Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Gandhari language
Gandhāran Buddhist texts
The Gandhāran Buddhist texts are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered, dating from about the 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE and found in the northwestern outskirts of the Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Gandhāran Buddhist texts
George Cœdès
George Cœdès (10 August 1886 – 2 October 1969) was a French scholar of southeast Asian archaeology and history.
Ghaznavids
The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان Ġaznaviyān) or the Ghaznavid Empire was a Persianate Muslim dynasty and empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruling at its greatest extent from the Oxus to the Indus Valley from 977 to 1186.
Gompa
A Gompa or Gönpa or Gumba ("remote place", Sanskrit araṇya), also known as ling ("island"), is a sacred Buddhist spiritual compound where teachings may be given and lineage sādhanās may be stored.
Greco-Buddhism
Greco-Buddhism or Graeco-Buddhism denotes a supposed cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism developed between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD in Gandhara, in present-day Pakistan and parts of north-east Afghanistan.
See Buddhism and Greco-Buddhism
Greco-Buddhist art
The Greco-Buddhist art or Gandhara art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism between Ancient Greek art and Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Greco-Buddhist art
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
The Pratihara dynasty, also called the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Pratiharas of Kannauj and the Imperial Pratiharas, was a medieval Indian dynasty that ruled parts of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century.
See Buddhism and Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Gurung people
Gurung (exonym) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung) are an ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal.
See Buddhism and Gurung people
Hanthawaddy Kingdom
The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552.
See Buddhism and Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Harsha
Harshavardhana (IAST Harṣa-vardhana; 4 June 590–647 CE) was the emperor of Kannauj and ruled northern India from 606 to 647 CE.
Helena Blavatsky
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (– 8 May 1891), often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian and American mystic and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.
See Buddhism and Helena Blavatsky
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Buddhism and Hellenistic period
Henry Steel Olcott
Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (2 August 1832 – 17 February 1907) was an American military officer, journalist, lawyer, Freemason (member of Huguenot Lodge #448, now #46) and the co-founder and first president of the Theosophical Society.
See Buddhism and Henry Steel Olcott
Hermann Oldenberg
Hermann Oldenberg (31 October 1854 – 18 March 1920) was a German scholar of Indology, and Professor at Kiel (1898) and Göttingen (1908).
See Buddhism and Hermann Oldenberg
Himalayan states
The term Himalayan states is used to group countries that straddle the Himalayas.
See Buddhism and Himalayan states
Hinayana
Hīnayāna is a Sanskrit term that was at one time applied collectively to the Śrāvakayāna and Pratyekabuddhayāna paths of Buddhism.
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide. Buddhism and Hinduism are Indian religions, Polytheism and Āstika.
Historical Vedic religion
The historical Vedic religion, also known as Vedicism and Vedism, sometimes called "Ancient Hinduism", constituted the religious ideas and practices prevalent amongst the Indo-Aryan peoples of the northwest Indian subcontinent (Punjab and the western Ganges plain) during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE).
See Buddhism and Historical Vedic religion
Hrī (Buddhism)
Hri (ह्रीः,; hiri) is a Buddhist term translated as "self-respect" or "conscientiousness".
See Buddhism and Hrī (Buddhism)
Humanistic Buddhism
Humanistic Buddhism is a modern philosophy practiced by Buddhist groups originating from Chinese Buddhism which places an emphasis on integrating Buddhist practices into everyday life and shifting the focus of ritual from the dead to the living.
See Buddhism and Humanistic Buddhism
Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand
The iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand recall specific episodes during his travels and teachings that are familiar to the Buddhists according to an iconography with specific rules.
See Buddhism and Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand
Illinois
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
Impermanence
Impermanence, also known as the philosophical problem of change, is a philosophical concept addressed in a variety of religions and philosophies.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indian logic
The development of Indian logic dates back to the anviksiki of Medhatithi Gautama (c. 6th century BCE); the Sanskrit grammar rules of Pāṇini (c. 5th century BCE); the Vaisheshika school's analysis of atomism (c. 6th century BCE to 2nd century BCE); the analysis of inference by Gotama (c. 6th century BC to 2nd century CE), founder of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy; and the tetralemma of Nagarjuna (c.
Indian philosophy
Indian philosophy consists of philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Indian philosophy
Indian religions
Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.
See Buddhism and Indian religions
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.
See Buddhism and Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of modern-day northern and eastern India, most of eastern-Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal.
See Buddhism and Indo-Gangetic Plain
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Indosphere
Indosphere is a term coined by the linguist James Matisoff for areas of Indian linguistic influence in the neighboring Southern Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian regions.
Indriya
Indriya (literally "belonging to or agreeable to Indra") is the Sanskrit and Pali term for physical strength or ability in general, and for the senses more specifically.
Ippolito Desideri
Ippolito Desideri, SJ (21 December 1684 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany – 14 April 1733 Rome, Papal States) was an Italian Jesuit missionary and traveller and the most famous of the early European missionaries who founded Catholic Church in Tibet.
See Buddhism and Ippolito Desideri
Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.
See Buddhism and Iranian Plateau
Iron Age in India
In the prehistory of the Indian subcontinent, the Iron Age succeeded Bronze Age India and partly corresponds with the megalithic cultures of India.
See Buddhism and Iron Age in India
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Jack Kerouac
Jean-Louis Lebris de Kérouac (March 12, 1922 – October 21, 1969), known as Jack Kerouac, was an American novelist and poet who, alongside William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, was a pioneer of the Beat Generation.
Jainism
Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Buddhism and Jainism are Indian religions.
Jan Gonda
Jan Gonda (14 April 1905 – 28 July 1991) was a Dutch Indologist and the first Utrecht professor of Sanskrit.
Jan Nattier
Jan Nattier is an American scholar of Mahāyana Buddhism.
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.
Jarāmaraṇa
is Sanskrit and Pāli for "old age" and "death".
Jataka tales
The Jātaka (Sanskrit for "Birth-Related" or "Birth Stories") are a voluminous body of literature native to the Indian subcontinent which mainly concern the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.
Jāti (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, Jāti (Sanskrit/Pāli), "birth", refers to physical birth; to rebirth, the arising of a new living entity within ''saṃsāra'' (cyclic existence); and to the arising of mental phenomena.
See Buddhism and Jāti (Buddhism)
Jetavana
Jetavana was one of the most famous of the Buddhist monasteries or viharas in India (present-day Uttar Pradesh).
Jewish Buddhist
A Jewish Buddhist is a person with a Jewish background who believes in the tenets of a form of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Jewish Buddhist
John Bowker (theologian)
John Westerdale Bowker (born 30 July 1935) is an English Anglican priest and pioneering scholar of religious studies.
See Buddhism and John Bowker (theologian)
K. T. S. Sarao
Karam Tej Singh Sarao (Hindi: कर्म तेज सिंह सराओ; Punjabi: ਕਰਮ ਤੇਜ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਰਾਓ; born 1 April 1955) is the former head and professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Delhi.
See Buddhism and K. T. S. Sarao
Kalmykia
Kalmykia, officially the Republic of Kalmykia, is a republic of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region of Southern Russia.
Kalu Rinpoche
Kalu Rinpoche (1905 – May 10, 1989) was a Tibetan Buddhist lama, meditation master, scholar and teacher.
See Buddhism and Kalu Rinpoche
Kapalika
The Kāpālika tradition was a Tantric, non-Puranic form of Shaivism which originated in Medieval India between the 4th and 8th century CE.
Kapilavastu (ancient city)
Kapilavastu was an ancient city in the eastern Nepal which was the capital of the clan gaṇasaṅgha or "republic" of the Shakyas in the late Iron Age, around the 6th and 5th centuries BC.
See Buddhism and Kapilavastu (ancient city)
Karkota dynasty
The Karkota dynasty (c. 625 − 855 CE) ruled over the Kashmir valley and some northern parts of the Indian subcontinent during 7th and 8th centuries.
See Buddhism and Karkota dynasty
Karma
Karma (from कर्म,; italic) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences.
Karma in Buddhism
Karma (Sanskrit: कर्म, Pāli: kamma) is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing".
See Buddhism and Karma in Buddhism
Karuṇā
() is generally translated as compassion or mercy and sometimes as self-compassion or spiritual longing.
Keśin
The Keśin were ascetic wanderers with mystical powers described in the Keśin Hymn (RV 10, 136) of the Rigveda (an ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns).
Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia, centered around hydraulic cities in what is now northern Cambodia.
Kingdom of Khotan
The Kingdom of Khotan was an ancient Buddhist Saka kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin (modern-day Xinjiang, China).
See Buddhism and Kingdom of Khotan
Kleshas (Buddhism)
Kleshas (kleśa; किलेस kilesa; ཉོན་མོངས། nyon mongs), in Buddhism, are mental states that cloud the mind and manifest in unwholesome actions.
See Buddhism and Kleshas (Buddhism)
Korea
Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.
Korean Buddhism
Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what its early practitioners saw as inconsistencies within the Mahayana Buddhist traditions that they received from foreign countries.
See Buddhism and Korean Buddhism
Kshatriya
Kshatriya (from Sanskrit, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy.
Kumaragupta I
Kumaragupta I (Gupta script: Ku-ma-ra-gu-pta, r. c. 415–455 CE) was an emperor of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India.
See Buddhism and Kumaragupta I
Kuopio
Kuopio is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Savo.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (– AD) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.
See Buddhism and Kushan Empire
Kushinagar
Kushinagar (Pali:; Sanskrit) is a town in the Kushinagar district in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (Sanskrit: लिंकावतारसूत्र, "Discourse of the Descent into Laṅkā", ལང་ཀར་བཤེགས་པའི་མདོ་, Chinese: 入楞伽經) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra.
See Buddhism and Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
Lalitavistara Sūtra
The Lalitavistara Sūtra is a Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist sutra that tells the story of Gautama Buddha from the time of his descent from Tushita until his first sermon in the Deer Park at Sarnath near Varanasi.
See Buddhism and Lalitavistara Sūtra
Lama
Lama is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.
Lambert Schmithausen
Lambert Schmithausen (born 17 November 1939 in Cologne, Germany) is a retired professor of Buddhist Studies, having served in positions at the University of Münster and the University of Hamburg (Germany).
See Buddhism and Lambert Schmithausen
Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia.
List of Buddhist festivals
Japanese, Burmese, Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Chakma, Marma and Barua festivals often show the influence of Buddhist culture.
See Buddhism and List of Buddhist festivals
List of Buddhist temples
This is a list of Buddhist temples, monasteries, stupas, and pagodas for which there are Wikipedia articles, sorted by location.
See Buddhism and List of Buddhist temples
List of Buddhists
This is a list of notable Buddhists, encompassing all the major branches of the religion (i.e. in Buddhism), and including interdenominational and eclectic Buddhist practitioners.
See Buddhism and List of Buddhists
List of converts to Buddhism
The following people are all converts to Buddhism, sorted alphabetically by family name.
See Buddhism and List of converts to Buddhism
List of schools of philosophy
This is the list of schools of philosophy.
See Buddhism and List of schools of philosophy
Lokaksema (Buddhist monk)
Lokakṣema (लोकक्षेम) (flourished 147–189) was a Kushan Buddhist monk from Gandhara who traveled to China during the Han dynasty and translated Buddhist texts into Chinese, and, as such, is an important figure in Chinese Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Lokaksema (Buddhist monk)
Lokottaravāda
The Lokottaravāda (Sanskrit, लोकोत्तरवाद) was one of the early Buddhist schools according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhāviveka, Vinitadeva and others, and was a subgroup which emerged from the Mahāsāṃghika.
See Buddhism and Lokottaravāda
Louis de La Vallée-Poussin
Louis Étienne Joseph Marie de La Vallée-Poussin (1 January 1869 – 18 February 1938) was a Belgian Indologist and scholar of Buddhist Studies.
See Buddhism and Louis de La Vallée-Poussin
Lumbini
Lumbinī (IPA, "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi District of Lumbini Province in Nepal.
Luoyang
Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province.
Madhyama Agama
The Madhyama Āgama is an early Indian Buddhist text, of which currently only a Chinese translation is extant (Taishō Tripiṭaka 26).
See Buddhism and Madhyama Agama
Madhyamaka
Mādhyamaka ("middle way" or "centrism";; Tibetan: དབུ་མ་པ་; dbu ma pa), otherwise known as Śūnyavāda ("the emptiness doctrine") and Niḥsvabhāvavāda ("the no ''svabhāva'' doctrine"), refers to a tradition of Buddhist philosophy and practice founded by the Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher Nāgārjuna.
Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi Temple (literally: "Great Awakening Temple") or the Mahābodhi Mahāvihāra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but restored Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.
See Buddhism and Mahabodhi Temple
Maharashtra
Maharashtra (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau.
Mahasiddha
Mahasiddha (Sanskrit: mahāsiddha "great adept) is a term for someone who embodies and cultivates the "siddhi of perfection".
Mahavira
Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान), the 24th Tirthankara (Supreme Teacher) of Jainism.
Mahayana
Mahāyāna is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices developed in ancient India (onwards).
Mahayana sutras
The Mahāyāna sūtras are a broad genre of Buddhist scripture (sūtra) that are accepted as canonical and as ''buddhavacana'' ("Buddha word") in certain communities of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Mahayana sutras
Mahāsāṃghika
The Mahāsāṃghika (Brahmi: 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀁𑀖𑀺𑀓, "of the Great Sangha") was a major division (nikāya) of the early Buddhist schools in India.
Mahāvastu
The Mahāvastu (Sanskrit for "Great Event" or "Great Story") is a canonical text of the Mahāsāṃghika Lokottaravāda school of Early Buddhism which was originally part of the school's Vinaya pitaka.
Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra (Sanskrit;,; Vietnamese: Kinh Đại Bát Niết Bàn) or Nirvana Sutra for short, is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture of the Buddha-nature class.
See Buddhism and Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
Mahīśāsaka
Mahīśāsaka (महीशासक) is one of the early Buddhist schools according to some records.
Maitrī
(Sanskrit; Pali) means benevolence, loving-kindness, friendliness, amity, good will, and active interest in others.
Majjhima Nikāya
The Majjhima Nikāya ("Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture collection, the second of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka (lit. "Three Baskets") of Theravada Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Majjhima Nikāya
Major religious groups
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice.
See Buddhism and Major religious groups
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.
Mandala
A mandala (circle) is a geometric configuration of symbols.
Mantra
A mantra (Pali: mantra) or mantram (Devanagari: मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words (most often in an Indic language like Sanskrit) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.
Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).
See Buddhism and Maurya Empire
Max Müller
Friedrich Max Müller (6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900) was a comparative philologist and Orientalist of German origin.
Maya (mother of the Buddha)
Maya (Devanagari: माया, IAST), also known as Mahāmāyā and Māyādevī, was the queen of Shakya and the birth mother of Gautama Buddha, the sage on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
See Buddhism and Maya (mother of the Buddha)
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (translation), abbreviated as MMK, is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy.
See Buddhism and Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
Meditation
Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique to train attention and awareness and detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking," achieving a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state, while not judging the meditation process itself.
Meiji era
The was an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868, to July 30, 1912.
Menander I
Menander I Soter (Ménandros Sōtḗr,; italic; sometimes called Menander the Great) was a Greco-Bactrian and later Indo-Greek King (reigned /155Bopearachchi (1998) and (1991), respectively. The first date is estimated by Osmund Bopearachchi and R. C. Senior, the other Boperachchi –130 BC) who administered a large territory in the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent and Central Asia.
Merit (Buddhism)
Merit (italic; italic) is a concept considered fundamental to Buddhist ethics.
See Buddhism and Merit (Buddhism)
Middle Way
The Middle Way (Majjhimāpaṭipadā; Madhyamāpratipada) as well as "teaching the Dharma by the middle" (majjhena dhammaṃ deseti) are common Buddhist terms used to refer to two major aspects of the Dharma, that is, the teaching of the Buddha.
Milinda Panha
The Milindapañha is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BC and 200 AD.
See Buddhism and Milinda Panha
Mindfulness
Mindfulness is the cognitive skill, usually developed through meditation, of sustaining meta-attention on the contents of one's own mind in the present moment.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an eight-week, evidence-based program designed to provide secular, intensive mindfulness training to help individuals manage stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.
See Buddhism and Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Mnemonic
A mnemonic device or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating the information with something that is easier to remember.
Moksha
Moksha (मोक्ष), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release.
Monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).
Monasticism
Monasticism, also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
Mongkut
Mongkut (มงกุฏ; 18 October 18041 October 1868) was the fourth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama IV.
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.
Monolatry
Monolatry (single, and label) is the belief in the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity. Buddhism and Monolatry are Polytheism.
Mudita
Muditā (Pāli and Sanskrit: मुदिता) is a dharmic concept of joy, particularly an especially sympathetic or vicarious joy—the pleasure that comes from delighting in other people's well-being.
Mudra
A mudra (मुद्रा,, "seal", "mark", or "gesture") is a symbolic or ritual gesture or pose in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.
Mulasarvastivada
The Mūlasarvāstivāda (𑀫𑀽𑀮𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀤) was one of the early Buddhist schools of India.
See Buddhism and Mulasarvastivada
Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia, also called the Muslim conquest of Iran, the Arab conquest of Persia, or the Arab conquest of Iran, was a major military campaign undertaken by the Rashidun Caliphate between 632 and 654.
See Buddhism and Muslim conquest of Persia
Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries.
See Buddhism and Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
The Muslim conquests of Afghanistan began during the Muslim conquest of Persia as the Arab Muslims migrated eastwards to Khorasan, Sistan and Transoxiana.
See Buddhism and Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna (Sanskrit: नागार्जुन/ Nāgārjuna) was an Indian monk and Mahāyāna Buddhist philosopher of the Madhyamaka (Centrism, Middle Way) school.
Nalanda mahavihara
Nalanda (IAST) was a renowned Buddhist mahavihara (great monastery) in ancient and medieval Magadha (modern-day Bihar), eastern India.
See Buddhism and Nalanda mahavihara
Namarupa
Nāmarūpa (नामरूप) is used in Buddhism to refer to the constituents of a living being: nāma is typically considered to refer to the mental component of the person, while rūpa refers to the physical.
Navayana
Navayāna (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna, meaning "New Vehicle"), otherwise known as Navayāna Buddhism, refers to the modern re-interpretation of Buddhism founded and developed by the Indian jurist, social reformer, and scholar B. R. Ambedkar; it is otherwise called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism.
Nāga
In various Asian religious traditions, the Nagas are a divine, or semi-divine, race of half-human, half-serpent beings that reside in the netherworld (Patala), and can occasionally take human or part-human form, or are so depicted in art.
Nekkhamma
Nekkhamma (naiṣkrāmya) is a Pāli word generally translated as "renunciation" or "the pleasure of renunciation" while also conveying more specifically "giving up the world and leading a holy life" or "freedom from lust, craving and desires." In Buddhism's Noble Eightfold Path, nekkhamma is the first practice associated with "Right Intention." In the Theravada list of ten perfections, nekkhamma is the third practice of "perfection." It involves non-attachment (detachment).
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.
New Age
New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s.
Nichiren Buddhism
Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮仏教), also known as Hokkeshū (法華宗, meaning Lotus Sect), is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of the Kamakura period schools.
See Buddhism and Nichiren Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools.
See Buddhism and Nikaya Buddhism
Nikāya
Nikāya (निकाय) is a Pāli word meaning "volume".
Nirodha
In Buddhism, nirodha, "cessation," "extinction," or "suppression," refers to the cessation or renouncing of craving and desire.
Nirvana
Nirvana (निर्वाण nirvāṇa; Pali: nibbāna; Prakrit: ṇivvāṇa; literally, "blown out", as in an oil lampRichard Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benāres to Modern Colombo. Routledge) is a concept in Indian religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism), the extinguishing of the passions which is the ultimate state of soteriological release and the liberation from duḥkha ('suffering') and saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and rebirth.
Nirvana (Buddhism)
Nirvana (Sanskrit: निर्वाण; IAST:; Pali) is the extinguishing of the passions, the "blowing out" or "quenching" of the activity of the grasping mind and its related unease.
See Buddhism and Nirvana (Buddhism)
Noble Eightfold Path
The Noble Eightfold Path or Eight Right Paths is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth, in the form of nirvana.
See Buddhism and Noble Eightfold Path
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
See Buddhism and Nordic countries
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (Nordisk Institut for Asien Studier), or NIAS for short, is a university Institute for Asian studies of Copenhagen University in Denmark.
See Buddhism and Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
North Savo
North Savo (or Northern Savonia; Pohjois-Savo; Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland.
Nukari
Nukari (Nuckars) is a village located in the northeast part of Nurmijärvi municipality of Finland, near the border of Tuusula municipality.
Nurmijärvi
Nurmijärvi is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country.
Ontology
Ontology is the philosophical study of being.
Oral tradition
Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
See Buddhism and Oral tradition
Orientalism
In art history, literature and cultural studies, orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.
Outline of Buddhism
Buddhism (Pali and बौद्ध धर्म Buddha Dharma) is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha, "the awakened one".
See Buddhism and Outline of Buddhism
Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions is a reference work edited by John Bowker and published by Oxford University Press in the year 1997.
See Buddhism and Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Paṭisambhidāmagga
The Patisambhidamagga (Pali for "path of discrimination"; sometimes called just Patisambhida for short; abbrevs.) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Paṭisambhidāmagga
Pagoda
A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia.
Pala Empire
The Pāla Empire (r. 750–1161 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
Pali
Pāli, also known as Pali-Magadhi, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language on the Indian subcontinent.
Pali Canon
The Pāli Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Pāli language.
Pali Text Society
The Pāli Text Society is a text publication society founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids "to foster and promote the study of Pāli texts." Pāli is the language in which the texts of the Theravada school of Buddhism are preserved.
See Buddhism and Pali Text Society
Pallava dynasty
The Pallava dynasty existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a significant portion of the Deccan, also known as Tondaimandalam.
See Buddhism and Pallava dynasty
Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts are manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves.
See Buddhism and Palm-leaf manuscript
Pancharatra
Pancharatra (IAST: Pāñcarātra) was a religious movement in Hinduism that originated in late 3rd-century BCE around the ideas of Narayana and the various avatars of Vishnu as their central deities.
Pandya dynasty
The Pandyan dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India, and among the four great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other three being the Pallavas, the Cholas and the Cheras.
See Buddhism and Pandya dynasty
Parinirvana
In Buddhism, parinirvana (Sanskrit:; Pali) describes the state entered after death by someone who has attained nirvana during their lifetime. Buddhism and parinirvana are Gautama Buddha.
Parliament of the World's Religions
There have been several meetings referred to as a Parliament of the World's Religions, the first being the World's Parliament of Religions of 1893, which was an attempt to create a global dialogue of faiths.
See Buddhism and Parliament of the World's Religions
Patheos
Patheos is a non-denominational, non-partisan online media company providing information and commentary from various religious and nonreligious perspectives.
Pāṭimokkha
In Theravada Buddhism, the Pāṭimokkha is the basic code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for fully ordained monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhuṇīs).
Pāramitā
Pāramitā (Sanskrit, Pali: पारमिता) or pāramī (Pāli: पारमी) is a Buddhist term often translated as "perfection".
Persecution of Buddhists
Many adherents of Buddhism have experienced religious persecution because of their adherence to the Buddhist practice, including unwarranted arrests, imprisonment, beating, torture, and/or execution.
See Buddhism and Persecution of Buddhists
Phala
Phala is a Sanskrit term that means “fruit” of one's actions in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Polytheism
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god.
Practical philosophy
Practical philosophy concerns itself mainly with subjects that have applications in life, like the study of values, norms, politics, art, etc.
See Buddhism and Practical philosophy
Prajñā (Buddhism)
() or is a Buddhist term often translated as "wisdom", "insight", "intelligence", or "understanding".
See Buddhism and Prajñā (Buddhism)
Prajnaparamita
A Tibetan painting with a Prajñāpāramitā sūtra at the center of the mandala Prajñāpāramitā (प्रज्ञापारमिता) means the "Perfection of Wisdom" or "Perfection of Transcendental Wisdom".
See Buddhism and Prajnaparamita
Prakrit
Prakrit is a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE.
Pramana
Pramana (IAST: Pramāṇa) literally means "proof" and "means of knowledge".
Pranayama
Pranayama (Sanskrit: प्राणायाम, "Prāṇāyāma") is the yogic practice of focusing on breath.
Pratītyasamutpāda
Pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद, Pāli: paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, is a key doctrine in Buddhism shared by all schools of Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Pratītyasamutpāda
Pratyekabuddhayāna
Pratyekabuddhayāna (Sanskrit: प्रत्येकबुद्धयान) is a Buddhist term for the mode or vehicle of enlightenment of a pratyekabuddha or paccekabuddha (Sanskrit and Pali respectively), a term which literally means "solitary buddha" or "a buddha on their own" (prati- each, eka-one).
See Buddhism and Pratyekabuddhayāna
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
Pre-sectarian Buddhism, also called early Buddhism, the earliest Buddhism, original Buddhism, and primitive Buddhism, is Buddhism as theorized to have existed before the various Early Buddhist schools developed, around 250 BCE (followed by later subsects of Buddhism).
See Buddhism and Pre-sectarian Buddhism
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Buddhism and Princeton University Press
Prometheus Books
Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by the philosopher Paul Kurtz (who was also the founder of the Council for Secular Humanism, Center for Inquiry, and co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry).
See Buddhism and Prometheus Books
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
See Buddhism and Protestantism
Psychoanalysis
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.
See Buddhism and Psychoanalysis
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems.
See Buddhism and Psychotherapy
Pudgalavada
The Pudgalavāda (Sanskrit; English: "Personalism"; Pali: Puggalavāda) was a Buddhist philosophical view and also refers to a group of Nikaya Buddhist schools (mainly known as Vātsīputrīyas) that arose from the Sthavira nikāya.
Pure Land Buddhism
Pure Land Buddhism or Pure Land School (translit;; Tịnh độ tông; also known as Amidism) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Pure Land.
See Buddhism and Pure Land Buddhism
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
Ram Khamhaeng
Ram Khamhaeng (รามคำแหง) or Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng Maharat (พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช), also spelled Ramkhamhaeng, was the third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a historical kingdom of Thailand) from 1279 to 1298, during its most prosperous era.
See Buddhism and Ram Khamhaeng
Rashtrakutas
Rashtrakuta (IAST) (r. 753 – 982 CE) was a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries.
Ratnagotravibhāga
The Ratnagotravibhāga (Sanskrit, abbreviated as RGV, meaning: Analysis of the Jeweled Lineage, Investigating the Jewel Disposition) and its vyākhyā commentary (abbreviated RGVV to refer to the RGV verses along with the embedded commentary), is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist treatise on buddha-nature (a.k.a.
See Buddhism and Ratnagotravibhāga
Rebirth (Buddhism)
Rebirth in Buddhism refers to the teaching that the actions of a sentient being lead to a new existence after death, in an endless cycle called saṃsāra.
See Buddhism and Rebirth (Buddhism)
Refuge in Buddhism
In Buddhism, refuge or taking refuge refers to a religious practice which often includes a prayer or recitation performed at the beginning of the day or of a practice session.
See Buddhism and Refuge in Buddhism
Religion in Asia
Asia is the largest and most populous continent and the birthplace of many religions including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism, and Zoroastrianism.
See Buddhism and Religion in Asia
Religious studies
Religious studies, also known as the study of religion, is the scientific study of religion.
See Buddhism and Religious studies
Republic of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.
See Buddhism and Republic of China (1912–1949)
Richard Foltz
Richard Foltz is a Canadian historian who specializes in the history of Iranian civilization — sometimes referred to as "Greater Iran".
See Buddhism and Richard Foltz
Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies)
Richard G. Salomon is the William P. and Ruth Gerberding University Professor in the Department of Asian Languages and Literature at the University of Washington.
See Buddhism and Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies)
Richard Gombrich
Richard Francis Gombrich (born 17 July 1937) is a British Indologist and scholar of Sanskrit, Pāli, and Buddhist studies.
See Buddhism and Richard Gombrich
Rigpa (organization)
Rigpa is the name of an international Buddhist organization founded by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1979.
See Buddhism and Rigpa (organization)
Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
Risshō Kōsei Kai
; until June 1960, is a Japanese new religious movement founded in 1938 by Nikkyō Niwano and Myōkō Naganuma.
See Buddhism and Risshō Kōsei Kai
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Saṃsāra
Saṃsāra (Devanagari: संसार) is a Pali and Sanskrit word that means "wandering" as well as "world," wherein the term connotes "cyclic change" or, less formally, "running around in circles." Saṃsāra is referred to with terms or phrases such as transmigration/reincarnation, karmic cycle, or Punarjanman, and "cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence".
Saṃsāra (Buddhism)
Saṃsāra (संसार, saṃsāra; also samsara) in Buddhism and Hinduism is the beginningless cycle of repeated birth, mundane existence and dying again.
See Buddhism and Saṃsāra (Buddhism)
Saṃyutta Nikāya
The Saṃyutta Nikāya ("Connected Discourses" or "Kindred Sayings") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the third of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Saṃyutta Nikāya
Saṅkhāra
(Pali; सङ्खार; Sanskrit: संस्कार or) is a term figuring prominently in Buddhism.
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.
See Buddhism and Saint Petersburg
Saka language
Saka, or Sakan, was a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from the ancient Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan, Kashgar and Tumshuq in the Tarim Basin, in what is now southern Xinjiang, China.
See Buddhism and Saka language
Salistamba Sutra
The Śālistamba Sūtra (rice stalk or rice sapling sūtra) is an early Buddhist text that shows a few unique features which indicate a turn to the early Mahayana.
See Buddhism and Salistamba Sutra
Samaññaphala Sutta
The Samaññaphala Sutta ("The Fruit of Contemplative Life") is the second discourse (Pali, sutta; Skt., sutra) of the Digha Nikaya.
See Buddhism and Samaññaphala Sutta
Samadhi
Statue of a meditating Shiva, Rishikesh Samādhi (Pali and समाधि), in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and yogic schools, is a state of meditative consciousness.
Samatha-vipassana
(Sanskrit: शमथ), "calm," "serenity," "tranquility of awareness," and (Pāli; Sanskrit: विपश्यना; Sinhala: විදර්ශනා), literally "special, super, seeing", are two qualities of the mind developed in tandem in Buddhist practice.
See Buddhism and Samatha-vipassana
Sampajañña
Sampajañña (Pāli; Skt.: saṃprajanya, Tib: shes bzhin) is a term of central importance for meditative practice in all Buddhist traditions.
Sanchi
Sanchi Stupa is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sangha
Sangha is a Sanskrit word used in many Indian languages, including Pali which means "association", "assembly", "company" or "community"; in these languages, sangha is frequently used as a surname.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
Sarnath
Sarnath (also referred to as Sarangnath, Isipatana, Rishipattana, Migadaya, or Mrigadava) is a place located northeast of Varanasi, near the confluence of the Ganges and the Varuna rivers in Uttar Pradesh, India. Buddhism and Sarnath are Gautama Buddha.
Sarvastivada
The Sarvāstivāda (𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀤; Sabbatthivāda;สรวาสติวาท) was one of the early Buddhist schools established around the reign of Ashoka (third century BCE).
Sati (Buddhism)
Sati (सति; स्मृति smṛti), literally "memory" or "retention", commonly translated as mindfulness, "to remember to observe," is an essential part of Buddhist practice.
See Buddhism and Sati (Buddhism)
Satipatthana
Satipatthana (italic; italic) is a central practice in the Buddha's teachings, meaning "the establishment of mindfulness" or "presence of mindfulness", or alternatively "foundations of mindfulness", aiding the development of a wholesome state of mind.
Schools of Buddhism
The schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism that have existed from ancient times up to the present.
See Buddhism and Schools of Buddhism
Secular Buddhism
Secular Buddhism—sometimes also referred to as agnostic Buddhism, Buddhist agnosticism, ignostic Buddhism, atheistic Buddhism, pragmatic Buddhism, Buddhist atheism, or Buddhist secularism—is a broad term for a form of Buddhism based on humanist, skeptical, and agnostic values, valuing pragmatism and (often) naturalism, eschewing beliefs in the supernatural or paranormal.
See Buddhism and Secular Buddhism
Secularization
In sociology, secularization (secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion.
See Buddhism and Secularization
Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
See Buddhism and Seleucid Empire
Sentient beings (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, sentient beings are beings with consciousness, sentience, or in some contexts life itself.
See Buddhism and Sentient beings (Buddhism)
Shaivism
Shaivism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being.
Shakya
Shakya (Pāḷi:; translit) was an ancient clan of the northeastern region of South Asia, whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.
Shamanism
Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.
Shantideva
Shantideva (Sanskrit: Śāntideva;;; Шантидэва гэгээн; Tịch Thiên) was an 8th-century CE Indian philosopher, Buddhist monk, poet, and scholar at the mahavihara of Nalanda.
Shastra
Shastra is a Sanskrit word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense.
Shichidō garan
Shichidō garan is a Japanese Buddhist term indicating the seven halls composing the ideal Buddhist temple compound.
See Buddhism and Shichidō garan
Shinbutsu-shūgō
Shinbutsu-shūgō (神仏習合, "syncretism of kami and buddhas"), also called Shinbutsu shū (神仏宗, "kami and buddha school") Shinbutsu-konkō (神仏混淆, "jumbling up" or "contamination of kami and buddhas"), is the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism that was Japan's main organized religion up until the Meiji period.
See Buddhism and Shinbutsu-shūgō
Shingon Buddhism
is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asian Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Shingon Buddhism
Shinnyo-en
is a Japanese Buddhist new religious movement in the tradition of the Daigo branch of Shingon Buddhism.
Shunryū Suzuki
Shunryu Suzuki (鈴木 俊隆 Suzuki Shunryū, dharma name Shōgaku Shunryū 祥岳俊隆, often called Suzuki Roshi; May 18, 1904 – December 4, 1971) was a Sōtō Zen monk and teacher who helped popularize Zen Buddhism in the United States, and is renowned for founding the first Zen Buddhist monastery outside Asia (Tassajara Zen Mountain Center).
See Buddhism and Shunryū Suzuki
Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.
See Buddhism and Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
Sinosphere
The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically heavily influenced by Chinese culture.
Skandha
(Sanskrit) or (Pāḷi) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings".
Sogyal Rinpoche
Sogyal Rinpoche (1947 – 28 August 2019) was a Tibetan Dzogchen lama.
See Buddhism and Sogyal Rinpoche
Soka Gakkai
is a Japanese Buddhist religious movement based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese priest Nichiren.
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.
Soteriology
Soteriology (σωτηρία "salvation" from σωτήρ "savior, preserver" and λόγος "study" or "word") is the study of religious doctrines of salvation.
Soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
See Buddhism and Southeast Asia
Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism
Southern Buddhism, Eastern Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism are geographical terms sometimes used to describe the three main schools of Buddhism (Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna) as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent throughout Central Asia, East Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, and Maritime Southeast Asia.
See Buddhism and Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism
Sparśa
Sparśa (Sanskrit: स्पर्श; Pali: phassa) is a Sanskrit term that is translated as "contact", "touching", "sensation", "sense impression", etc.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See Buddhism and Stanford University
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
See Buddhism and State religion
Sthavira nikāya
The Sthavira nikāya (Sanskrit "Sect of the Elders") was one of the early Buddhist schools.
See Buddhism and Sthavira nikāya
Stupa
In Buddhism, a stupa (lit) is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (such as śarīra – typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
Sukhothai Kingdom
The Sukhothai Kingdom (สุโขทัย,, IAST) or the Northern Cities was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (mandala) in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand.
See Buddhism and Sukhothai Kingdom
Sutra
Sutra (translation)Monier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Entry for, page 1241 in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text.
Sutta Piṭaka
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three divisions of the Tripiṭaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism.
Svabhava
Svabhava (स्वभाव, svabhāva; सभाव, sabhāva) literally means "own-being" or "own-becoming".
Taṇhā
(from Pāli; tṛ́ṣṇā) is an important concept in Buddhism, referring to "thirst, desire, longing, greed", either physical or mental.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
See Buddhism and Taiping Rebellion
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.
Taixu
Taixu (Tai-hsu,; January 8, 1890 – March 17, 1947) was a Buddhist modernist, activist and thinker who advocated for a reformation and revival of Chinese Buddhism by drawing upon eclectic domestic and foreign sources and ideologies.
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.
Taliban
The Taliban (lit), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism.
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
Tantra
Tantra (lit) is an esoteric yogic tradition that developed on the Indian subcontinent from the middle of the 1st millennium CE onwards in both Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism and Tantra are Indian religions.
Taoism
Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality.
Tarim Basin
The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in Xinjiang, Northwestern China occupying an area of about and one of the largest basins in Northwest China.
Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
The Tathāgatagarbha sūtras are a group of Mahayana sutras that present the concept of the "womb" or "embryo" (garbha) of the tathāgata, the buddha.
See Buddhism and Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
Tendai
, also known as the Tendai Lotus School (天台法華宗 Tendai hokke shū, sometimes just "hokke shū"), is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition with significant esoteric elements that was officially established in Japan in 806 by the Japanese monk Saichō (posthumously known as Dengyō Daishi).
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
Thích Nhất Hạnh
Thích Nhất Hạnh (Huế dialect:; born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo; 11 October 1926 – 22 January 2022) was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet and teacher, who founded the Plum Village Tradition, historically recognized as the main inspiration for engaged Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Thích Nhất Hạnh
The Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. Buddhism and the Buddha are Gautama Buddha.
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Buddhism and The New York Times
Theosophy
Theosophy is a religious and philosophical system established in the United States in the late 19th century.
Theravada
Theravāda ('School of the Elders') is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school.
Theravāda Abhidhamma
The Theravāda Abhidhamma is a scholastic systematization of the Theravāda school's understanding of the highest Buddhist teachings (Abhidhamma).
See Buddhism and Theravāda Abhidhamma
Thomas William Rhys Davids
Thomas William Rhys Davids (12 May 1843 – 27 December 1922) was an English scholar of the Pāli language and founder of the Pāli Text Society.
See Buddhism and Thomas William Rhys Davids
Three marks of existence
In Buddhism, the three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaṇa; Sanskrit: त्रिलक्षण trilakṣaṇa) of all existence and beings, namely anicca (impermanence), dukkha (commonly translated as "suffering" or "cause of suffering", "unsatisfactory", "unease"), and anattā (without a lasting essence).
See Buddhism and Three marks of existence
Three teachings
In Chinese philosophy, the three teachings (tam giáo, Chữ Hán: 三教) are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Three teachings
Threefold Training
The Buddha identified the threefold training (triśikṣā; tisikkhā; or simply śikṣā or sikkhā) as training in.
See Buddhism and Threefold Training
Tiantai
Tiantai or T'ien-t'ai is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China.
Tibet
Tibet (Böd), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about.
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia.
See Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhist canon
The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a defined list of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist canon
Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia.
See Buddhism and Tibeto-Burman languages
Tripiṭaka
Tipiṭaka or Tripiṭaka, meaning "Triple Basket", is the traditional term for ancient collections of Buddhist sacred scriptures.
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
Tuva
Tuva (Тува) or Tyva (Tıva), officially the Republic of Tyva, is a republic of Russia.
Uddaka Rāmaputta
Uddaka Rāmaputta (Pāli; Udraka Rāmaputra) was a sage and teacher of meditation identified by the Buddhist tradition as one of the teachers of Gautama Buddha.
See Buddhism and Uddaka Rāmaputta
University of Hawaiʻi Press
The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.
See Buddhism and University of Hawaiʻi Press
Upanishads
The Upanishads (उपनिषद्) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.
Upādāna
Upādāna is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized".
Upekṣā
(upekkhā) is the Buddhist concept of equanimity.
Uposatha
An Uposatha (Upavasatha) day is a Buddhist day of observance, in existence since the Buddha's time (600 BCE), and still being kept today by Buddhist practitioners.
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh ('North Province') is a state in northern India.
See Buddhism and Uttar Pradesh
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.
Vairocana
Vairocana (from Sanskrit: Vi+rocana, "from the sun" or "belonging to the sun", "Solar", or "Shining") also known as Mahāvairocana (Great Vairocana) is a major Buddha from Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism.
Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
Vajrayana
Vajrayāna (वज्रयान; 'vajra vehicle'), also known as Mantrayāna ('mantra vehicle'), Mantranāya ('path of mantra'), Guhyamantrayāna ('secret mantra vehicle'), Tantrayāna ('tantra vehicle'), Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism, is a Buddhist tradition of tantric practice that developed in Medieval India and spread to Tibet, Nepal, other Himalayan states, East Asia, parts of Southeast Asia and Mongolia.
Valabhi University
Valabhi University was an important learning center of Buddhist learning and championed the cause of Hinayana Buddhism between 600 CE and 1400 CE.
See Buddhism and Valabhi University
Vassa
Vassa (script, script, both "rain") is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada Buddhists.
Vedanā
Vedanā (Pāli and Sanskrit: वेदना) is an ancient term traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation." In general, vedanā refers to the pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sensations that occur when our internal sense organs come into contact with external sense objects and the associated consciousness.
Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal).
See Buddhism and Vegetarianism
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
Vihāra
Vihāra generally refers to a Buddhist monastery for Buddhist renunciates, mostly in the Indian subcontinent.
Vijñāna
Vijñāna (विज्ञान) or viññāa (विञ्ञाण)As is standard in WP articles, the Pali term viññāa will be used when discussing the Pali literature, and the Sanskrit word vijñāna will be used when referring to either texts chronologically subsequent to the Pali canon or when discussing the topic broadly, in terms of both Pali and non-Pali texts.
Vikramashila
Vikramashila (IAST) was a monastery in the Magadha region of modern-day Bihar in India.
Vinaya
The Vinaya texts (Pali and Sanskrit: विनय) are texts of the Buddhist canon (Tripitaka) that also contain the rules and precepts for fully ordained monks and nuns of Buddhist Sanghas (community of like-minded sramanas).
Vinaya Piṭaka
The Vinaya Piṭaka (English: Basket of Discipline) is the first of the three divisions of the Tripiṭaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism.
See Buddhism and Vinaya Piṭaka
Vipāka
Vipāka (Sanskrit and Pāli) is a Jain and Buddhist term for the ripening or maturation of karma (Pāli kamma), or intentional actions.
Wat
A wat (វត្ត,; ວັດ, vat; วัด,; 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」 (w+Da2)) is a type of Buddhist and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State, Yunnan, the Southern Province of Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
See Buddhism and Wat
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
See Buddhism and Western world
Wisdom
Wisdom (sapience, sagacity) is the act of using one's depth and breadth of knowledge and experience to do good by oneself and others.
Won Buddhism
Won Buddhism is a modern Buddhist religion originating in Korea.
World Buddhist Scout Council
The World Buddhist Scout Council (WSBC) formerly the World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood until 2009 is an autonomous, international body committed to promoting and supporting Buddhism within Scouting.
See Buddhism and World Buddhist Scout Council
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Wrathful deities
In Buddhism, wrathful deities or fierce deities are the fierce, wrathful or forceful (Tibetan: trowo, Sanskrit: krodha) forms (or "aspects", "manifestations") of enlightened Buddhas, Bodhisattvas or Devas (divine beings); normally the same figure has other, peaceful, aspects as well.
See Buddhism and Wrathful deities
Yaksha
The Yakshas (यक्ष,, i) are a broad class of nature spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness.
Yidam
A yidam or iṣṭadevatā is a meditational deity that serves as a focus for meditation and spiritual practice, said to be manifestations of Buddhahood or enlightened mind.
Yin Shun
Yin Shun (印順, Yìnshùn; 5 April 1906 – 4 June 2005) was a Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar in the tradition of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism.
Yoga
Yoga (lit) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consciousness untouched by the mind (Chitta) and mundane suffering (Duḥkha). Buddhism and Yoga are Āstika.
Yogachara
Yogachara (योगाचार, IAST) is an influential tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing the study of cognition, perception, and consciousness through the interior lens of meditation, as well as philosophical reasoning (hetuvidyā).
Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai (Transbaikal territory) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East.
See Buddhism and Zabaykalsky Krai
Zen
Zen (Japanese; from Chinese "Chán"; in Korean: Sŏn, and Vietnamese: Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as the Chan School (禪宗, chánzōng, "meditation school") or the Buddha-mind school (佛心宗, fóxīnzōng), and later developed into various sub-schools and branches.
See Buddhism and Zen
14th Dalai Lama
The 14th Dalai Lama (spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, also known as Tenzin Gyatso;; born 6 July 1935) is, as the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibetan Buddhism.
See Buddhism and 14th Dalai Lama
2nd millennium
The second millennium of the Anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1001 to 2000.
See Buddhism and 2nd millennium
See also
Gautama Buddha
- Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha
- Bodhi Tree
- Buddha footprint
- Buddha's Birthday
- Buddhabrot
- Buddhacharita
- Buddhism
- Contemporary Archaeological evidences of Gotama Buddha
- Devdaha
- Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
- Dharmaraja (Buddhism)
- Family of Gautama Buddha
- Flower Sermon
- Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati
- Gautama Buddha in Hinduism
- Gautama Buddha in world religions
- Gaya (India)
- Heracles
- Hermits Tissa and Thiha
- Indrasala Cave
- Kanthaka
- Kapilvastu Municipality
- Modak
- Muni (saint)
- Parinirvana
- Physical characteristics of the Buddha
- Prabashvara
- Prince Sattva
- Relic of the tooth of the Buddha
- Relics associated with Buddha
- Sariputra in the Jatakas
- Sarnath
- Sumedha
- The Buddha
- The Buddha in Manichaeism
- Vajrapani
Indian religions
- Ahom religion
- Ajñana
- Ayyavazhi
- Barmati Panth
- Bathouism
- Bharhutbrahma
- Brahmoism
- Buddhism
- Dinkoism
- Donyi-Polo
- Dravidian folk religion
- Folk practices in Punjab
- Haidakhan Babaji
- Hinduism
- Indian religions
- Jainism
- Kirat Mundhum
- Lingayatism
- Meitei mythology
- Meivazhi
- Mun (religion)
- Namassejsantokotha
- Naraka
- Panth
- Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha
- Punjabi folk religion
- Ravidassia
- Sanamahism
- Sant (religion)
- Sant Mat
- Sari Dharam
- Sarnaism
- Shaheed Shrine
- Sikhism
- Tantra
- The Religion of India
- Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak
- Tribal religions in India
- Zoroastrianism
Āstika
- Amritabindu Upanishad
- Buddhism
- Buddhist influences on Advaita Vedanta
- Hinduism
- Isvara Krishna
- Mīmāṃsā
- Nyaya
- Pashupata Shaivism
- Prabhākara
- Raseśvara
- Rāja yoga
- Samkhya
- Tejobindu Upanishad
- Vaisheshika
- Vedanta
- Yoga
- Āstika and nāstika
- Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism
Also known as Bauddha Dharma, Bauddhadharma, Bhuddism, Bhuddist, Bhuudis, Bouddhism, Boudhism, Budddhism, Budddhist, Budddhists, Buddha Dhamma, Buddha Dharma, Buddha birth date controversies, Buddha's gospel, Buddhadhamma, Buddhadharma, Buddhaity, Buddhasasana, Buddhisam, Buddhisem, Buddhism religion, Buddhist, Buddhist Saying, Buddhist religion, Buddhists, Buddhity, Buddism, Buddist, Budhda birth date controversies, Budhism, Budhist, Budism, Buhhdism, Búdachas, Dhamma Practitioner, Dhamma Vinaya, Dhamma-Vinaya, Dhammavinaya, Dharmavinaya, Superbuddha, The teaching of the Buddha, Three levels of suffering, Śākyadharma, Будизъм.
, Bihar, Bodh Gaya, Bodhi Tree, Bodhipakkhiyādhammā, Bodhisattva, Bodhisattva Precepts, Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra, Book of the Later Han, Brahman, Buddha's Dispensation, Buddhacharita, Buddhahood, Buddhas and bodhisattvas in art, Buddhas of Bamiyan, Buddhism and caste, Buddhism and Eastern religions, Buddhism and psychology, Buddhism and science, Buddhism by country, Buddhism in Bhutan, Buddhism in Cambodia, Buddhism in Central Asia, Buddhism in Japan, Buddhism in Laos, Buddhism in Mongolia, Buddhism in Myanmar, Buddhism in Nepal, Buddhism in Singapore, Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Buddhism in Taiwan, Buddhism in Thailand, Buddhism in the West, Buddhism in Vietnam, Buddhist architecture, Buddhist art, Buddhist cosmology, Buddhist councils, Buddhist cuisine, Buddhist devotion, Buddhist ethics, Buddhist meditation, Buddhist modernism, Buddhist monasticism, Buddhist paths to liberation, Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist Publication Society, Buddhist Society, Buddhist studies, Buddhist tantric literature, Buddhist temples in Japan, Buddhist texts, Buryatia, Cambodia, Celibacy, Cenobitic monasticism, Central Asia, Cetanā, Chan Buddhism, Chandogya Upanishad, Chicago, China, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese Buddhist canon, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Chinese language, Christianity, Chulalongkorn, Class conflict, Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism, Classical Tibetan, Common Era, Communism, Confucianism, Counterculture, Criticism of Buddhism, Cultural Revolution, Culture of Asia, D. T. Suzuki, Dalit, Dalit Buddhist movement, Damien Keown, Dan Lusthaus, Das Buddhistische Haus, Datsan Gunzechoinei, David Seyfort Ruegg, Dāna, Dīgha Nikāya, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Dhammakaya tradition, Dharani, Dharma, Dharmachakra, Dharmaguptaka, Dharmakirti, Dharmapala of Bengal, Dhutanga, Dhyana in Buddhism, Dignāga, Donald S. Lopez Jr., Duḥkha, Early Buddhist schools, Early Buddhist texts, East Asia, East Asian Buddhism, Edicts of Ashoka, Eight precepts, Encyclopædia Britannica, Enlightenment in Buddhism, Erich Fromm, Eugène Burnouf, Faith in Buddhism, Fasting, Fasting in Buddhism, Ficus religiosa, Finland, Five hindrances, Four Noble Truths, Four stages of awakening, Francis Xavier, Gaṇasaṅgha, Gandhara, Gandharan Buddhism, Gandhari language, Gandhāran Buddhist texts, George Cœdès, Ghaznavids, Gompa, Greco-Buddhism, Greco-Buddhist art, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, Gurung people, Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Harsha, Helena Blavatsky, Hellenistic period, Henry Steel Olcott, Hermann Oldenberg, Himalayan states, Hinayana, Hinduism, Historical Vedic religion, Hrī (Buddhism), Humanistic Buddhism, Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand, Illinois, Impermanence, India, Indian logic, Indian philosophy, Indian religions, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Indonesia, Indosphere, Indriya, Ippolito Desideri, Iranian Plateau, Iron Age in India, Islam, Jack Kerouac, Jainism, Jan Gonda, Jan Nattier, Japan, Jarāmaraṇa, Jataka tales, Jāti (Buddhism), Jetavana, Jewish Buddhist, John Bowker (theologian), K. T. S. Sarao, Kalmykia, Kalu Rinpoche, Kapalika, Kapilavastu (ancient city), Karkota dynasty, Karma, Karma in Buddhism, Karuṇā, Keśin, Khmer Empire, Kingdom of Khotan, Kleshas (Buddhism), Korea, Korean Buddhism, Kshatriya, Kumaragupta I, Kuopio, Kushan Empire, Kushinagar, Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, Lalitavistara Sūtra, Lama, Lambert Schmithausen, Laos, List of Buddhist festivals, List of Buddhist temples, List of Buddhists, List of converts to Buddhism, List of schools of philosophy, Lokaksema (Buddhist monk), Lokottaravāda, Louis de La Vallée-Poussin, Lumbini, Luoyang, Madhyama Agama, Madhyamaka, Mahabodhi Temple, Maharashtra, Mahasiddha, Mahavira, Mahayana, Mahayana sutras, Mahāsāṃghika, Mahāvastu, Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, Mahīśāsaka, Maitrī, Majjhima Nikāya, Major religious groups, Malaysia, Mandala, Mantra, Maurya Empire, Max Müller, Maya (mother of the Buddha), Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Meditation, Meiji era, Menander I, Merit (Buddhism), Middle Way, Milinda Panha, Mindfulness, Mindfulness-based stress reduction, Mnemonic, Moksha, Monastery, Monasticism, Mongkut, Mongolia, Monolatry, Mudita, Mudra, Mulasarvastivada, Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim conquests of Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nagarjuna, Nalanda mahavihara, Namarupa, Navayana, Nāga, Nekkhamma, Nepal, New Age, Nichiren Buddhism, Nikaya Buddhism, Nikāya, Nirodha, Nirvana, Nirvana (Buddhism), Noble Eightfold Path, Nordic countries, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, North Savo, Nukari, Nurmijärvi, Ontology, Oral tradition, Orientalism, Outline of Buddhism, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Paṭisambhidāmagga, Pagoda, Pala Empire, Pali, Pali Canon, Pali Text Society, Pallava dynasty, Palm-leaf manuscript, Pancharatra, Pandya dynasty, Parinirvana, Parliament of the World's Religions, Patheos, Pāṭimokkha, Pāramitā, Persecution of Buddhists, Phala, Polytheism, Practical philosophy, Prajñā (Buddhism), Prajnaparamita, Prakrit, Pramana, Pranayama, Pratītyasamutpāda, Pratyekabuddhayāna, Pre-sectarian Buddhism, Princeton University Press, Prometheus Books, Protestantism, Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Pudgalavada, Pure Land Buddhism, Quran, Ram Khamhaeng, Rashtrakutas, Ratnagotravibhāga, Rebirth (Buddhism), Refuge in Buddhism, Religion in Asia, Religious studies, Republic of China (1912–1949), Richard Foltz, Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies), Richard Gombrich, Rigpa (organization), Rigveda, Risshō Kōsei Kai, Routledge, Saṃsāra, Saṃsāra (Buddhism), Saṃyutta Nikāya, Saṅkhāra, Saint Petersburg, Saka language, Salistamba Sutra, Samaññaphala Sutta, Samadhi, Samatha-vipassana, Sampajañña, Sanchi, Sangha, Sanskrit, Sarnath, Sarvastivada, Sati (Buddhism), Satipatthana, Schools of Buddhism, Secular Buddhism, Secularization, Seleucid Empire, Sentient beings (Buddhism), Shaivism, Shakya, Shamanism, Shantideva, Shastra, Shichidō garan, Shinbutsu-shūgō, Shingon Buddhism, Shinnyo-en, Shunryū Suzuki, Silk Road transmission of Buddhism, Sinosphere, Skandha, Sogyal Rinpoche, Soka Gakkai, Song dynasty, Soteriology, Soul, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism, Sparśa, Sri Lanka, Stanford University, State religion, Sthavira nikāya, Stupa, Sukhothai Kingdom, Sutra, Sutta Piṭaka, Svabhava, Taṇhā, Taiping Rebellion, Taiwan, Taixu, Tajikistan, Taliban, Tang dynasty, Tantra, Taoism, Tarim Basin, Tathāgatagarbha sūtras, Tendai, Thailand, Thích Nhất Hạnh, The Buddha, The New York Times, Theosophy, Theravada, Theravāda Abhidhamma, Thomas William Rhys Davids, Three marks of existence, Three teachings, Threefold Training, Tiantai, Tibet, Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist canon, Tibeto-Burman languages, Tripiṭaka, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uddaka Rāmaputta, University of Hawaiʻi Press, Upanishads, Upādāna, Upekṣā, Uposatha, Uttar Pradesh, Uzbekistan, Vairocana, Vaishnavism, Vajrayana, Valabhi University, Vassa, Vedanā, Vedas, Vegetarianism, Vietnam, Vihāra, Vijñāna, Vikramashila, Vinaya, Vinaya Piṭaka, Vipāka, Wat, Western world, Wisdom, Won Buddhism, World Buddhist Scout Council, World War II, Wrathful deities, Yaksha, Yidam, Yin Shun, Yoga, Yogachara, Zabaykalsky Krai, Zen, 14th Dalai Lama, 2nd millennium.