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Abraham

Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

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Assyria

Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.

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Bethel

Bethel (translit, "House of El" or "House of God",Bleeker and Widegren, 1988, p. 257. also transliterated Beth El, Beth-El, Beit El; Βαιθήλ; Bethel) was an ancient Israelite city and sacred space that is frequently mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

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Biblical Hebrew

Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Book of Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy (second law; Liber Deuteronomii) is the fifth book of the Torah (in Judaism), where it is called (דְּבָרִים|Dəḇārīm| words) and the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament.

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Book of Judges

The Book of Judges (Sefer Shoftim; Κριτές; Liber Iudicum) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

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Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers'; בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar,; Liber Numeri) is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.

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Books of Kings

The Book of Kings (Sēfer Məlāḵīm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Books of Samuel

The Book of Samuel (Sefer Shmuel) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Samuel) in the Old Testament.

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Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

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Canaan

Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. Stuttgart: Dt. Bibelges., 2006. However, in modern Greek the accentuation is Xαναάν, while the current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has Xανάαν. كَنْعَانُ –) was a Semitic-speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC.

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David Ben-Gurion

David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

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Ezra–Nehemiah

Ezra–Nehemiah (עזרא נחמיה) is a book in the Hebrew Bible found in the Ketuvim section, originally with the Hebrew title of Ezra (עזרא) and called Esdras B (Ἔσδρας Βʹ) in the Septuagint.

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Hasmonean dynasty

The Hasmonean dynasty (חַשְׁמוֹנָאִים Ḥašmōnāʾīm; Ασμοναϊκή δυναστεία) was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period (part of classical antiquity), from BCE to 37 BCE.

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Hebrew Bible

The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Hebron

Hebron (الخليل, or خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن; חֶבְרוֹן) is a Palestinian.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Israelites

The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jordan River

The Jordan River or River Jordan (نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (نهر الشريعة.), is a river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the freshwater Sea of Galilee and on to the salt water Dead Sea.

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Joshua

Joshua, also known as Yehoshua (Yəhōšuaʿ, Tiberian: Yŏhōšuaʿ, lit. 'Yahweh is salvation'), Jeshoshua, or Josue, functioned as Moses' assistant in the books of Exodus and Numbers, and later succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelite tribes in the Book of Joshua of the Hebrew Bible.

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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.

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Kingdom of Judah

The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.

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Late Bronze Age collapse

The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

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Moses

Moses; Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ); Mūše; Mūsā; Mōÿsēs was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader, according to Abrahamic tradition.

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Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.

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Old Testament

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.

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Palestinians

Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.

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Promised Land

The Promised Land (הארץ המובטחת, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; أرض الميعاد, translit.: ard al-mi'ad) is Middle Eastern land in the Levant that Abrahamic religions (which include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and others) claim God promised and subsequently gave to Abraham (the legendary patriarch in Abrahamic religions) and several more times to his descendants.

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Samaritans

The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.

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Second Temple period

The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem.

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Sennacherib

Sennacherib (𒀭𒌍𒉽𒈨𒌍𒋢|translit.

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Septuagint

The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.

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Shechem

Shechem (Šəḵem; Samaritan Hebrew: script), also spelled Sichem (Sykhém) was an ancient city in the southern Levant.

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Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)

The siege of Jerusalem (circa 589–587 BC) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah.

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Tel Hazor

Tel Hazor (תל חצור), also Chatsôr (חָצוֹר), translated in LXX as Hasōr (Άσώρ), named in Arabic Tell Waqqas / Tell Qedah el-Gul (Tell el-Qedah), is an archaeological tell at the site of ancient Hazor, located in Israel, Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee, in the northern Korazim Plateau.

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Tel Lachish

Lachish (Lāḵîš; Λαχίς; Lachis) was an ancient Israelite city in the Shephelah ("lowlands of Judea") region of Canaan on the south bank of the Lakhish River mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible.

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The Exodus

The Exodus (Hebrew: יציאת מצרים, Yəṣīʾat Mīṣrayīm) is the founding myth of the Israelites whose narrative is spread over four of the five books of the Pentateuch (specifically, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy).

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Torah

The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.

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Tribe of Ephraim

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Ephraim (אֶפְרַיִם, ʾEp̄rayīm, in pausa: אֶפְרָיִם, ʾEp̄rāyīm) was one of the tribes of Israel.

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Tribe of Judah

According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe of Judah (Shevet Yehudah) was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel, named after Judah, the son of Jacob.

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Yahweh

Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity, and the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, later the god of Judaism and its other descendant Abrahamic religions.

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