Canaan, the Glossary
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.[1]
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503 relations: 'En Esur, Aamu, Abbar, Abdastartus, Abdemon, Abdi-Ashirta, Abdi-Heba, Abel-beth-maachah, Abibaal, Abimilki, Abraham, Abraham's family tree, Achaemenid Empire, Acre, Israel, Acts of the Apostles, Adad-nirari II, Admah, Adonizedek, Akhenaten, Akizzi, Akkadian Empire, Akkadian language, Alalakh, Alexander the Great, Amarna letter EA 367, Amarna letter EA 9, Amarna letters, Amarna letters localities and rulers, Amarna Period, Amenhotep II, Amenhotep III, Ammittamru I, Ammittamru II, Ammon, Ammonite language, Ammurapi, Amorites, Amun, Amurru kingdom, Anatolia, Anatolian hunter-gatherers, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient Near East, Ancient Rome, Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, Antiochus IV of Commagene, Aphek (biblical), Arabs, ... Expand index (453 more) »
- Ancient history of Jordan
'En Esur
En Esur, also En Esur or Ein Asawir (lit), is an ancient site located on the northern Sharon Plain, at the entrance of the Wadi Ara pass leading from the Coastal Plain further inland.
Aamu
Aamu (ꜥꜣmw) was an name used to designate West Asians in ancient Egypt.
See Canaan and Aamu
Abbar
Abbar is a name.
See Canaan and Abbar
Abdastartus
Abdastartus (Phoenician: 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕 ’bd’štrt, possibly pronounced akin to ’Abd-’Ashtart) was a king of Tyre, son of Baal-Eser I (Beleazarus) and grandson of Hiram I. The only information available about Abdastartus comes from the following citation of the Phoenician author Menander of Ephesus, in Josephus's Against Apion i.18: Upon the death of Hirom, Beleazarus his son took the kingdom; he lived forty-three years, and reigned seven years: after him succeeded his son Abdastartus; he lived twenty-nine years, and reigned nine years.
Abdemon
Abdemon (Αὐδήμων, gen.: Αὐδήμονος), was a king of Cyprus towards the end of the 5th century BC.
Abdi-Ashirta
Abdi-Ashirta (Akkadian: 𒀵𒀀𒅆𒅕𒋫 Warad-Ašîrta; fl. 14th century BC) was the ruler of Amurru who was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos.
Abdi-Heba
Abdi-Ḫeba (Abdi-Kheba, Abdi-Ḫepat, or Abdi-Ḫebat) was a local chieftain of Jerusalem during the Amarna period (mid-1330s BC).
Abel-beth-maachah
Tel Abel Beth Maacah (תֵּל אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה; lit) is a large archaeological tell with a small upper northern section and a large lower southern one, connected by a saddle. Canaan and Abel-beth-maachah are land of Israel.
See Canaan and Abel-beth-maachah
Abibaal
Abibaal (ʾabībaʿl, "My father is Baal") was a king of Tyre in the 10th century BC, father of the famous Hiram I. The only information known about him is derived from two passages in Josephus's Against Apion, i.117 and i.118.
Abimilki
Abimilki (''Amorite'':, LÚa-bi-mil-ki) around 1347 BC held the rank of Prince of Tyre (called "Surru" in the letters), during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence (1360–1332 BC).
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abraham's family tree
Abraham is known as the patriarch of the Israelite people through Isaac, the son born to him and Sarah in their old age and the patriarch of Arabs through his son Ishmael, born to Abraham and Hagar, Sarah's Egyptian servant.
See Canaan and Abraham's family tree
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Canaan and Achaemenid Empire
Acre, Israel
Acre, known locally as Akko (עַכּוֹ) and Akka (عكّا), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.
Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.
See Canaan and Acts of the Apostles
Adad-nirari II
Adad-nīrārī II (also spelled Adad-nērārī, which means "Adad (the storm god) is my help") reigned from 911 BCE to 891 BCE.
Admah
According to the Bible, Admah (Heb. אַדְמָה) was one of the five cities of the Vale of Siddim.
See Canaan and Admah
Adonizedek
According to the Book of Joshua, Adonizedek (ʾĂḏōnī-ṣeḏeq, also transliterated Adoni-zedec) was king of Jerusalem at the time of the Israelite invasion of Canaan.
Akhenaten
Akhenaten (pronounced), also spelled Akhenaton or Echnaton (ꜣḫ-n-jtn ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy,, meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Akizzi
Akizzi (Akk. ma-ki-iz-zi) was the King of Qatna around 1350-1345 BC.
Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.
See Canaan and Akkadian Empire
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Canaan and Akkadian language
Alalakh
Alalakh (Tell Atchana; Hittite: Alalaḫ) is an ancient archaeological site approximately northeast of Antakya (historic Antioch) in what is now Turkey's Hatay Province.
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Canaan and Alexander the Great
Amarna letter EA 367
Moran, William L. 1987, 1992.
See Canaan and Amarna letter EA 367
Amarna letter EA 9
(without formulaic para 1 on obverse)--> Amarna letter EA 9 is a tall, compact 38 line (capable of 55 lines) clay tablet letter of 3 paragraphs, in pristine condition, with few flaws on the clay. The photo of the reverse (pictured) shows half of Paragraph III, and some of the signs (out of focus).
See Canaan and Amarna letter EA 9
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years in the middle 14th century BC.
Amarna letters localities and rulers
This is a list of Amarna letters–Text corpus, categorized by: Amarna letters–localities and their rulers. Canaan and Amarna letters localities and rulers are Amarna letters locations.
See Canaan and Amarna letters localities and rulers
Amarna Period
The Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the later half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna.
Amenhotep II
Amenhotep II (sometimes called Amenophis II and meaning "Amun is Satisfied") was the seventh pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.
Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III (jmn-ḥtp(.w),; "Amun is satisfied"), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Ammittamru I
Ammittamru I (known in some sources as Amishtammru I or Amistammru I, 𒄠𒈪𒄑𒌓𒊑 Ammîstamri) was a king of the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit who ruled c. 1350 BC.
Ammittamru II
Ammittamru II (also Ammistramru II) was a king of the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit who ruled from 1260 to 1235 BC.
Ammon
Ammon (Ammonite: 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ʻAmān; עַמּוֹן; ʻAmmūn) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom occupying the east of the Jordan River, between the torrent valleys of Arnon and Jabbok, in present-day Jordan. Canaan and Ammon are ancient history of Jordan.
See Canaan and Ammon
Ammonite language
Ammonite is the extinct Canaanite language of the Ammonite people mentioned in the Bible, who used to live in modern-day Jordan, and after whom its capital Amman is named.
See Canaan and Ammonite language
Ammurapi
Ammurapi (Hittite: 𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 am-mu-ra-pí) was the last Bronze Age ruler and king (c. 1215 to 1180 BC) of the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit.
Amorites
The Amorites (author-link, Pl. XXVIII e+i|MAR.TU; Amurrūm or Tidnum Tidnum; ʾĔmōrī; Ἀμορραῖοι) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people from the Levant.
Amun
Amun was a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad.
See Canaan and Amun
Amurru kingdom
Amurru (Sumerian: 𒈥𒌅𒆠 MAR.TUKI; Akkadian: 𒀀𒈬𒌨𒊏 Amûrra, 𒀀𒈬𒊑 Amuri, 𒀀𒄯𒊑 Amurri) was an Amorite kingdom established c. 2000 BC, in a region spanning present-day Northern Lebanon and north-western Syria. Canaan and Amurru kingdom are Amarna letters locations.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
Anatolian hunter-gatherers
Anatolian hunter-gatherer (AHG) is a distinct anatomically modern human archaeogenetic lineage, first identified in a 2019 study based on the remains of a single Epipaleolithic individual found in central Anatolia, radiocarbon dated to around 13,500 BCE.
See Canaan and Anatolian hunter-gatherers
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula.
See Canaan and Ancient Near East
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples or Proto-Semitic people were speakers of Semitic languages who lived throughout the ancient Near East and North Africa, including the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Arabian Peninsula and Carthage from the 3rd millennium BC until the end of antiquity, with some, such as Arabs, Arameans, Assyrians, Jews, Mandaeans, and Samaritans having a continuum into the present day.
See Canaan and Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Antiochus IV of Commagene
Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Γάιος Ἰούλιος Ἀντίοχος ὀ Ἐπιφανής, before 17 AD – after 72 AD), the last king of Commagene, reigned between 38 and 72 as a client king to the Roman Empire.
See Canaan and Antiochus IV of Commagene
Aphek (biblical)
The name Aphek or Aphec refers to one of several locations mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the scenes of a number of battles between the Israelites and the Arameans and Philistines.
See Canaan and Aphek (biblical)
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Canaan and Arabs
Aram (region)
Aram (ʾĀrām; ʾĂrām; ܐܪܡ) was a historical region mentioned in early cuneiforms and in the Bible, populated by Arameans.
Aram-Damascus
The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus (ܐܪܡ-ܕܪܡܣܘܩ) was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant.
Arameans
The Arameans, or Aramaeans (𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀,,; אֲרַמִּים; Ἀραμαῖοι; ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ), were a tribal Semitic people in the ancient Near East, first documented in historical sources from the late 12th century BC.
Archaeological excavation
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.
See Canaan and Archaeological excavation
Archaeology of Israel
The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.
See Canaan and Archaeology of Israel
Arhalba
Ar-Halba (𒅈𒄬𒉺 Arḫalbá, 𒋧𒄬𒁀 Ariḫalba) or was the third known ruler of Ugarit, an Ancient Syrian city state in northwestern Syria, reigning for no less than two years, possibly from 1315 to 1313 BC.
Arqa
Arqa (translit; translit) is a Lebanese village near Miniara in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon, 22 km northeast of Tripoli, near the coast. Canaan and Arqa are Amarna letters locations.
See Canaan and Arqa
Ascalon
Ascalon (Philistine: 𐤀𐤔𐤒𐤋𐤍, romanized: *; ʾAšqəlōn; Askálōn; Ascalon; ʿAsqalān) was an ancient Near East port city on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant of high historical significance, including early on as a major Philistine city, and later as an much contested stronghold during the Crusades. Canaan and Ascalon are Amarna letters locations.
Ashkelon
Ashkelon or Ashqelon (ʾAšqəlōn,; ʿAsqalān) is a coastal city in the Southern District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, south of Tel Aviv, and north of the border with the Gaza Strip.
Ashteroth Karnaim
Ashteroth Karnaim (Astarte of the Two Horns), also rendered as Ashtaroth Karnaim, was a city in Bashan east of the Jordan River.
See Canaan and Ashteroth Karnaim
Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal (𒀸𒋩𒆕𒀀|translit.
Ashurnasirpal II
Ashur-nasir-pal II (transliteration: Aššur-nāṣir-apli, meaning "Ashur is guardian of the heir") was the third king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 883 to 859 BCE.
See Canaan and Ashurnasirpal II
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Assyrian conquest of Egypt
The Assyrian conquest of Egypt covered a relatively short period of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 673 to 663 BCE.
See Canaan and Assyrian conquest of Egypt
Assyrian people
Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.
See Canaan and Assyrian people
Astarymus
Astarymus (also called Aserymus; possibly Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤓𐤌 ‘štrrm, "Ashtar is great") was a king of Tyre and the third of four brothers who held the kingship.
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
See Canaan and Augustine of Hippo
Aziru
Aziru (Akk. ma-zi-ra) was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC.
See Canaan and Aziru
Šuppiluliuma I
Šuppiluliuma I, also Suppiluliuma or Suppiluliumas was an ancient Hittite king (r. –1322 BC).
Šuwardata
Šuwardata (Shuwardata), also Šuardatu, is understood by most scholars to be the king of the Canaanite city of Gath (Tell es-Safi), although some have suggested that he was the 'mayor' of Qiltu (Keilah?, or Qi'iltu), during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.
Baal
Baal, or Baʻal (baʿal), was a title and honorific meaning 'owner' or 'lord' in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity.
See Canaan and Baal
Baal I
Baal I was a king of Tyre (680–660 BC).
Baal-Eser I
Baal-Eser I (Beleazarus I, Ba‘l-mazzer I) was a king of Tyre.
Baal-Eser II
Baal-Eser II (846–841 BC), also known as Balbazer II and Ba'l-mazzer I was a king of Tyre, the son of Ithobaal I, brother of Jezebel and brother-in-law of Ahab.
Babylon
Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Bashan
Bashan (translit; Basan or Basanitis) is the ancient, biblical name used for the northernmost region of the Transjordan during the Iron Age.
Battle Hymn of the Republic
The "Battle Hymn of the Republic", also known as the "Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory" or the "Glory, Glory Hallelujah" outside of the United States, is an American patriotic song that was written by the abolitionist writer Julia Ward Howe during the American Civil War.
See Canaan and Battle Hymn of the Republic
Battle of Kadesh
The Battle of Kadesh took place in the 13th century BC between the Egyptian Empire led by pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire led by king Muwatalli II.
See Canaan and Battle of Kadesh
Beersheba culture
The Beersheba culture is a Late Chalcolithic archaeological culture of the late 5th millennium BC (c. 4200–4000 BC), that was discovered in several sites near Beersheba, in the Beersheba Valley, in the northern Negev, in the 1950s.
See Canaan and Beersheba culture
Beirut
Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
Beit She'an
Beit She'an (בֵּית שְׁאָן), also Beth-shean, formerly Beisan (بيسان), is a town in the Northern District of Israel.
Beni Hasan
Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) (بني حسن) is an ancient Egyptian cemetery.
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Canaan and Berber languages
Berytus
Berytus (Biruta; Bērytós; Bērȳtus), briefly known as Laodicea in Phoenicia (Λαοδίκεια ἡ ἐν Φοινίκῃ) or Laodicea in Canaan from the 2nd century to 64 BCE, was the ancient city of Beirut (in modern-day Lebanon) from the Roman Republic through the Roman Empire and Early Byzantine period/late antiquity.
Bethel
Bethel (translit, "House of El" or "House of God",Bleeker and Widegren, 1988, p. 257. also transliterated Beth El, Beth-El, Beit El; Βαιθήλ; Bethel) was an ancient Israelite city and sacred space that is frequently mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
See Canaan and Bible
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
See Canaan and Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hittites
The Hittites, also spelled Hethites, were a group of people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
See Canaan and Biblical Hittites
Biryawaza
Biryawaza was a powerful ruler in the area of Egyptian controlled Syria in the middle fourteenth century BC.
Book of Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy (second law; Liber Deuteronomii) is the fifth book of the Torah (in Judaism), where it is called (דְּבָרִים|Dəḇārīm| words) and the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament.
See Canaan and Book of Deuteronomy
Book of Exodus
The Book of Exodus (from translit; שְׁמוֹת Šəmōṯ, 'Names'; Liber Exodus) is the second book of the Bible.
Book of Genesis
The Book of Genesis (from Greek; בְּרֵאשִׁית|Bərēʾšīṯ|In beginning; Liber Genesis) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
See Canaan and Book of Genesis
Book of Job
The Book of Job (ʾĪyyōḇ), or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim ("Writings") section of the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
Book of Joshua
The Book of Joshua (סֵפֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: Sēp̄er Yŏhōšūaʿ; Ιησούς τουΝαυή; Liber Iosue) is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
Book of Judges
The Book of Judges (Sefer Shoftim; Κριτές; Liber Iudicum) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Numbers
The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers'; בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar,; Liber Numeri) is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.
See Canaan and Book of Numbers
Book of Proverbs
The Book of Proverbs (מִשְלֵי,; Παροιμίαι; Liber Proverbiorum, "Proverbs (of Solomon)") is a book in the third section (called Ketuvim) of the Hebrew Bible traditionally ascribed to King Solomon and his students later appearing in the Christian Old Testament.
See Canaan and Book of Proverbs
Books of Chronicles
The Book of Chronicles (דִּבְרֵי־הַיָּמִים, "words of the days") is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Chronicles) in the Christian Old Testament.
See Canaan and Books of Chronicles
Books of Kings
The Book of Kings (Sēfer Məlāḵīm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
Books of Samuel
The Book of Samuel (Sefer Shmuel) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Samuel) in the Old Testament.
See Canaan and Books of Samuel
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Bronze Age Europe
The European Bronze Age is characterized by bronze artifacts and the use of bronze implements.
See Canaan and Bronze Age Europe
Burna-Buriash II
Burna-Buriaš II (rendered in cuneiform as Bur-na- or Bur-ra-Bu-ri-ia-aš, and meaning servant/protégé of the Lord of the lands in the Kassite language), was a king in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon, in a kingdom contemporarily called Karduniaš, ruling ca.
See Canaan and Burna-Buriash II
Byblos
Byblos (Βύβλος), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Jubayl, locally Jbeil; 𐤂𐤁𐤋,, probably Gebal), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. Canaan and Byblos are Amarna letters locations.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Canaan and Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
Byzantium or Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Thracian settlement and later a Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and which is known as Istanbul today.
Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. Canaan and Canaan are Amarna letters locations, ancient history of Jordan and land of Israel.
Canaan (son of Ham)
Canaan (– Kənáʿan, in pausa – Kənā́ʿan), according to the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, was a son of Ham and grandson of Noah, as well as the father of the Canaanites.
See Canaan and Canaan (son of Ham)
Canaanism
Canaanism was a cultural and ideological movement founded in 1939, reaching its peak among the Jews of Mandatory Palestine during the 1940s.
Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the ancient Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arameans.
See Canaan and Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
Canaanite gate of ancient Tell
The Canaanite Gate of ancient Tell is a monument located in downtown Beirut, Lebanon.
See Canaan and Canaanite gate of ancient Tell
Canaanite languages
The Canaanite languages, sometimes referred to as Canaanite dialects, are one of three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Amorite.
See Canaan and Canaanite languages
Canaanite religion
The Canaanite religion was the group of ancient Semitic religions practiced by the Canaanites living in the ancient Levant from at least the early Bronze Age to the first centuries CE.
See Canaan and Canaanite religion
Canaanite shift
In historical linguistics, the Canaanite shift is a vowel shift/sound change that took place in the Canaanite dialects, which belong to the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages family.
See Canaan and Canaanite shift
Carthage
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.
Caucasus hunter-gatherer
Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG), also called Satsurblia cluster, is an anatomically modern human genetic lineage, first identified in a 2015 study, based on the population genetics of several modern Western Eurasian (European, Caucasian and Near Eastern) populations.
See Canaan and Caucasus hunter-gatherer
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
Chariot
A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power.
Cilicia
Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
Circumstantial evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime.
See Canaan and Circumstantial evidence
City-state
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.
Climate variability and change
Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers to those variations that persist for a longer period of time, typically decades or more.
See Canaan and Climate variability and change
Coalition
A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal.
Confederation
A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states or communities united for purposes of common action.
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
See Canaan and Crete
Cronus
In Ancient Greek religion and mythology, Cronus, Cronos, or Kronos (or, from Κρόνος, Krónos) was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of the primordial Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky).
Curse of Ham
In the Book of Genesis, the curse of Ham is described as a curse which was imposed upon Ham's son Canaan by the patriarch Noah.
Dagon
Dagon (דָּגוֹן, Dāgōn) or Dagan (𒀭𒁕𒃶; Dāgān) was a god worshipped in ancient Syria across the middle of the Euphrates, with primary temples located in Tuttul and Terqa, though many attestations of his cult come from cities such as Mari and Emar as well.
See Canaan and Dagon
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam. Canaan and Damascus are Amarna letters locations.
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.
See Canaan and David Ben-Gurion
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea (al-Baḥr al-Mayyit, or label; Yām hamMelaḥ), also known by other names, is a landlocked salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Israel to the west.
Debir
A Biblical word, dvir may refer to.
See Canaan and Debir
Deir al-Balah
Deir al-Balah or Deir al Balah (Monastery of the Date Palm) is a Palestinian city in the central Gaza Strip and the administrative capital of the Deir al-Balah Governorate of the State of Palestine.
Demographics of Jordan
Jordan has a population of more than 11.1 million inhabitants as of 2023.
See Canaan and Demographics of Jordan
Demographics of Kuwait
This is a demography of the population of Kuwait (سكان الكويت).
See Canaan and Demographics of Kuwait
Demonym
A demonym or gentilic is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place.
Djahy
Djahi, Djahy or Tjahi (Egyptian: ḏhj, ḏꜣhy) was the Egyptian designation for southern Retjenu.
See Canaan and Djahy
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Canaan and DNA
Domestication of vertebrates
The domestication of vertebrates is the mutual relationship between vertebrate animals including birds and mammals, and the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.
See Canaan and Domestication of vertebrates
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Canaan and Early Muslim conquests
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the African continent, distinguished by its geographical, historical, and cultural landscape.
East Semitic languages
The East Semitic languages are one of three divisions of the Semitic languages.
See Canaan and East Semitic languages
Eastern Aramaic languages
Eastern Aramaic refers to a group of dialects that evolved historically from the varieties of Aramaic spoken in the core territories of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq, southeastern Turkey and parts of northeastern Syria) and further expanded into northern Syria, eastern Arabia and northwestern Iran.
See Canaan and Eastern Aramaic languages
Eastern hunter-gatherer
In archaeogenetics, eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG), sometimes east European hunter-gatherer or eastern European hunter-gatherer, is a distinct ancestral component that represents Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Eastern Europe.
See Canaan and Eastern hunter-gatherer
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.
See Canaan and Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
The Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-forests, also known as the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-forests, is an ecoregion in the eastern Mediterranean Basin.
See Canaan and Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
Ebla
Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.
See Canaan and Ebla
Ebla tablets
The Ebla tablets are a collection of as many as 1,800 complete clay tablets, 4,700 fragments, and many thousands of minor chips found in the palace archives of the ancient city of Ebla, Syria.
Ebla–biblical controversy
The Ebla–biblical controversy refers to the disagreements between scholars regarding a possible connection between the Syrian city of Ebla and the Bible.
See Canaan and Ebla–biblical controversy
Eblaite language
Eblaite (also known as Eblan ISO 639-3), or Palaeosyrian, is an extinct East Semitic language used during the 3rd millennium BC in Northern Syria.
See Canaan and Eblaite language
Edom
Edom (Edomite: 𐤀𐤃𐤌; אֱדוֹם, lit.: "red"; Akkadian: 𒌑𒁺𒈪, 𒌑𒁺𒈬; Ancient Egyptian) was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan, located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian Desert to the south and east. Canaan and Edom are ancient history of Jordan.
See Canaan and Edom
Edomite language
Edomite was a Northwest Semitic Canaanite language, very similar to Biblical Hebrew, Ekronite, Ammonite, Phoenician, Amorite and Sutean, spoken by the Edomites in southwestern Jordan and parts of Israel in the 2nd and 1st millennium BCE.
See Canaan and Edomite language
Eduard Meyer
Eduard Meyer (25 January 1855 – 31 August 1930) was a German historian.
Eglon (biblical place)
Eglon (translit) was a Canaanite city-state mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
See Canaan and Eglon (biblical place)
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Canaan and Egypt
Egyptians
Egyptians (translit,; translit,; remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power.
See Canaan and Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Eilat
Eilat (אֵילַת; Īlāt) is Israel's southernmost city, with a population of, a busy port and popular resort at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on what is known in Israel as the Gulf of Eilat and in Jordan as the Gulf of Aqaba.
See Canaan and Eilat
Elam
Elam (Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite:; Sumerian:; Akkadian:; עֵילָם ʿēlām; 𐎢𐎺𐎩 hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq.
See Canaan and Elam
Endonym and exonym
An endonym (also known as autonym) is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.
See Canaan and Endonym and exonym
Enshakushanna
Enshakushanna (𒂗𒊮𒊨𒀭𒈾), or Enshagsagana, En-shag-kush-ana, Enukduanna, En-Shakansha-Ana, En-šakušuana was a king of Uruk around the mid-3rd millennium BC who is named on the Sumerian King List, which states his reign to have been 60 years.
Ephraim Avigdor Speiser
Ephraim Avigdor Speiser (January 24, 1902 – June 15, 1965) was a Polish-born American Assyriologist and translator of the Torah.
See Canaan and Ephraim Avigdor Speiser
Esarhaddon
Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon (𒀭𒊹𒉽𒀸, also 𒀭𒊹𒉽𒋧𒈾, meaning "Ashur has given me a brother"; Biblical Hebrew: ʾĒsar-Ḥaddōn) was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sennacherib in 681 BC to his own death in 669.
Etakkama
Etakkama, as a common name, but also, Aitukama, Atak(k)ama, Etak(k)ama, and Itak(k)ama is the name for the 'mayor' (king) of Qidšu, (Kadesh) of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.
Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe.
See Canaan and Ethnic groups in Europe
Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
The peoples of the Caucasus, or Caucasians, are a diverse group comprising more than 50 ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus.
See Canaan and Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter
The Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter is one of the miracles of Jesus and is recounted in the Gospel of Mark in chapter 7 (Mark 7:24–30) and in the Gospel of Matthew in chapter 15 (Matthew 15:21–28).
See Canaan and Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter
Ezra–Nehemiah
Ezra–Nehemiah (עזרא נחמיה) is a book in the Hebrew Bible found in the Ketuvim section, originally with the Hebrew title of Ezra (עזרא) and called Esdras B (Ἔσδρας Βʹ) in the Septuagint.
ʿApiru
ʿApiru, also known in the Akkadian version Ḫabiru (sometimes written Habiru, Ḫapiru or Hapiru; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫa-bi-ru or *ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for a social status of people who were variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers.
The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom.
See Canaan and First Intermediate Period of Egypt
Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources.
See Canaan and Gale (publisher)
Galilean
Generically, a Galilean (גלילי; Γαλιλαίων; Galilaeos) is a term that was used in classical sources to describe the inhabitants of Galilee, an area of northern Israel and southern Lebanon that extends from the northern coastal plain in the west to the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan Rift Valley to the east.
Galilee
Galilee (hagGālīl; Galilaea; al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Canaan and Galilee are land of Israel.
Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Occitania and Provence, in Southern France.
See Canaan and Gallia Narbonensis
Gaza City
Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.
Generations of Noah
The Generations of Noah, also called the Table of Nations or Origines Gentium, is a genealogy of the sons of Noah, according to the Hebrew Bible (Genesis), and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood, focusing on the major known societies.
See Canaan and Generations of Noah
Georg Steindorff
Georg Steindorff (November 12, 1861, Dessau – August 28, 1951, North Hollywood, California) was a German Egyptologist.
See Canaan and Georg Steindorff
Gerar
Gerar (Gərār, "lodging-place") was a Philistine town and district in what is today south central Israel, mentioned in the Book of Genesis and in the Second Book of Chronicles of the Hebrew Bible.
See Canaan and Gerar
Geshur
Geshur was a territory in the ancient Levant mentioned in the early books of the Hebrew Bible and possibly in several other ancient sources, located in the region of the modern-day Golan Heights.
Gezer
Gezer, or Tel Gezer (גֶּזֶר), in تل الجزر – Tell Jezar or Tell el-Jezari is an archaeological site in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains at the border of the Shfela region roughly midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Canaan and Gezer are Amarna letters locations and land of Israel.
See Canaan and Gezer
Gezer calendar
The Gezer calendar is a small limestone tablet with an early Canaanite inscription discovered in 1908 by Irish archaeologist R. A. Stewart Macalister in the ancient city of Gezer, 20 miles west of Jerusalem.
Ghassulian
Ghassulian refers to a culture and an archaeological stage dating to the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant (c. 4400 – c. 3500 BC).
Gina (Canaan)
Gina, mentioned in the Amarna Letters, was a town in ancient Canaan. Canaan and Gina (Canaan) are Amarna letters locations.
Gloss (annotation)
A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.
See Canaan and Gloss (annotation)
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
See Canaan and Gospel of Matthew
Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption.
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Grape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.
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Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English.
See Canaan and Great Vowel Shift
Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.
See Canaan and Greco-Roman world
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Hadrian
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
Ham (son of Noah)
Ham (in), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was the second son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan.
See Canaan and Ham (son of Noah)
Hammurabi
Hammurabi (𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉|translit.
Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J,ISOGG (2 February 2016).
See Canaan and Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup T-M184
Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
See Canaan and Haplogroup T-M184
Harifian culture
Harifian is a specialized regional cultural development of the Epipalaeolithic of the Negev Desert.
See Canaan and Harifian culture
Hasmonean dynasty
The Hasmonean dynasty (חַשְׁמוֹנָאִים Ḥašmōnāʾīm; Ασμοναϊκή δυναστεία) was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period (part of classical antiquity), from BCE to 37 BCE.
See Canaan and Hasmonean dynasty
Hattians
The Hattians were an ancient Bronze Age people that inhabited the land of Hatti, in central Anatolia (modern Turkey).
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
Hebrew Bible judges
The judges (sing. šop̄ēṭ, pl. שופטים) whose stories are recounted in the Hebrew Bible, primarily in the Book of Judges, were individuals who served as military leaders of the tribes of Israel in times of crisis, in the period before the monarchy was established.
See Canaan and Hebrew Bible judges
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Canaan and Hebrew language
Hebron
Hebron (الخليل, or خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن; חֶבְרוֹן) is a Palestinian.
Hecataeus of Miletus
Hecataeus of Miletus (Ἑκαταῖος ὁ Μιλήσιος;Named after the Greek goddess Hecate--> c. 550 – c. 476 BC), son of Hegesander, was an early Greek historian and geographer.
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Hegemony
Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Canaan and Hellenistic period
Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.
Heshbon
Heshbon (also Hesebon, Esebon, Esbous, Esbus; حشبون, Esebus, חשבון Ḥešbōn, Ἐσεβών, Ἐσσεβών, Ἐσβούτα, Ἐσβούς, Ἔσβους, Ἔξβους) were at least two different ancient towns located east of the Jordan River in what is now the Kingdom of Jordan, historically within the territories of ancient Ammon.
Heth
Heth, sometimes written Chet or Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇, Hebrew ḥēt ח, Aramaic ḥēṯ 𐡇, Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ ح.
See Canaan and Heth
Hippo Regius
Hippo Regius (also known as Hippo or Hippone) is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, Algeria.
Hiram I
Hiram I (Phoenician: 𐤇𐤓𐤌 Ḥirōm "my brother is exalted", Hebrew: חירם Ḥīrām, Modern Arabic: حيرام, also called Hirom or Huram) on 2 Samuel 5, accessed 11 July 2017 was the Phoenician king of Tyre according to the Hebrew Bible.
Hiram II
Hiram II (Hi-ru-mu) was the Phoenician king of Tyre from 737 to 729 BC.
Historical region
Historical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions which, at some point in history, had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of latter-day borders.
See Canaan and Historical region
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
History of ancient Israel and Judah
The history of ancient Israel and Judah spans from the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country during the late second millennium BCE, to the establishment and subsequent downfall of the two Israelite kingdoms in the mid-first millennium BCE.
See Canaan and History of ancient Israel and Judah
Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.
Hivites
The Hivites (חִוִּים Ḥiwwîm) were one group of descendants of Canaan, son of Ham, according to the Table of Nations in (10:17).
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
See Canaan and Homer
Horticulture
Horticulture is the art and science of growing plants.
Human history
Human history is the development of humankind from prehistory to the present.
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system.
See Canaan and Human leukocyte antigen
Hurrians
The Hurrians (Ḫu-ur-ri; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri) were a people who inhabited the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age.
Hyksos
The Hyksos (Egyptian ḥqꜣ(w)-ḫꜣswt, Egyptological pronunciation: heqau khasut, "ruler(s) of foreign lands"), in modern Egyptology, are the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (fl. c. 1650–1550 BC).
Ibiranu
Ibiranu (reigned 1235 BC – 1225/20 BC) was the sixth king of Ugarit, a city-state in northwestern Syria.
Ideogram
An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek 'idea' + 'to write') is a symbol that represents an idea or concept independent of any particular language.
Idrimi
Idrimi (meaning "It is my help") was the king of Alalakh c. 1490–1465 BC, or around 1450 BC.
Iliad
The Iliad (Iliás,; " about Ilion (Troy)") is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
See Canaan and Iliad
In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.
Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent.
See Canaan and Indo-Aryan peoples
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.
See Canaan and Internet Archive
Ioudaios
Ioudaios (Ἰουδαῖος; pl. Ἰουδαῖοι Ioudaioi). is an Ancient Greek ethnonym used in classical and biblical literature which commonly translates to "Jew" or "Judean". The choice of translation is the subject of frequent scholarly debate, given its central importance to passages in the Bible (both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament) as well as works of other writers such as Josephus and Philo.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Canaan and Iran
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
See Canaan and Iraq
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Isdud
Isdud (ʾisdūd) was a Palestinian town, on the site today known as Tel Ashdod.
See Canaan and Isdud
Isin
Isin (modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq which was the location of the Ancient Near East city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium Uruk period up until at least the late 1st millennium BC Neo-Babylonian period.
See Canaan and Isin
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.
Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and later first Prime Minister of Israel.
See Canaan and Israeli Declaration of Independence
Israelites
The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan. Canaan and Israelites are land of Israel.
Ithobaal I
Ithobaal I is the name of a 9th-century BCE king of Tyre mentioned in the story of Jezebel from the Hebrew Bible, and in a citation by Josephus of a list of the kings of Tyre put together by the Phoenician author Menander of Ephesus (2nd century BCE).
Ithobaal II
Ithobaal II (also Itto-Baal, Ethobaal or Ethbaal, from Tuba'il) was an eighth-century BC Phoenician king of Tyre.
Iturea
Iturea or Ituraea (Ἰτουραία, Itouraía) is the Greek name of a Levantine region north of Galilee during the Late Hellenistic and early Roman periods.
Jabin
Jabin (יָבִין Yāḇīn) is a Biblical name meaning 'discerner', or 'the wise'.
See Canaan and Jabin
Jacob
Jacob (Yaʿqūb; Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam.
See Canaan and Jacob
Jaffa
Jaffa (Yāfō,; Yāfā), also called Japho or Joppa in English, is an ancient Levantine port city now part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part.
See Canaan and Jaffa
Jebusites
The Jebusites (Yəḇusi) were, according to the books of Joshua and Samuel from the Hebrew Bible, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem, called Jebus (trampled place) before the conquest initiated by Joshua and completed by King David, although a majority of scholars agree that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and most likely reflects a much later period.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. Canaan and Jerusalem are Amarna letters locations and land of Israel.
Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (from the translit), or Marj Ibn Amir (Marj Ibn ʿĀmir), also known as the Valley of Megiddo, is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel.
John Melish
John Melish (June 13, 1771 – December 30, 1822) was a Scottish mapmaker who published some of the earliest maps of the United States (US).
John N. Oswalt
John N. Oswalt is an American scholar and distinguished professor of Old Testament at Asbury Theological Seminary.
Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (نهر الشريعة.), is a river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the freshwater Sea of Galilee and on to the salt water Dead Sea.
Jordan Valley
The Jordan Valley (Ghawr al-Urdunn; Emek HaYarden) forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley.
Joshua
Joshua, also known as Yehoshua (Yəhōšuaʿ, Tiberian: Yŏhōšuaʿ, lit. 'Yahweh is salvation'), Jeshoshua, or Josue, functioned as Moses' assistant in the books of Exodus and Numbers, and later succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelite tribes in the Book of Joshua of the Hebrew Bible.
Judaea (Roman province)
Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea.
See Canaan and Judaea (Roman province)
Judaean Mountains
The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills (translit) or the Hebron Mountains (lit), are a mountain range in Israel and the West Bank where Jerusalem, Hebron and several other biblical cities are located.
See Canaan and Judaean Mountains
Judea
Judea or Judaea (Ἰουδαία,; Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant. Canaan and Judea are land of Israel.
See Canaan and Judea
Kadesh (biblical)
Kadesh or Qadesh or Cades (in classical Hebrew קָדֵשׁ, from the root "holy") is a place-name that occurs several times in the Hebrew Bible, describing a site or sites located south of, or at the southern border of, Canaan and the Kingdom of Judah in the kingdom of Israel.
See Canaan and Kadesh (biblical)
Kadesh (Syria)
Kadesh, or Qadesh, was an ancient city of the Levant on or near the headwaters or a ford of the Orontes River. Canaan and Kadesh (Syria) are Amarna letters locations.
Kassites
The Kassites were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire and until (short chronology).
Khirbet Kerak
Khirbet Kerak (خربة الكرك, "the ruin of the fortress") or Beth Yerah (בית ירח, "House of the Moon (god)") (also Khirbat al-Karak) is a tell (archaeological mound) located on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee in modern-day Israel.
Khnumhotep II
Khnumhotep II (ẖnmw-ḥtp, "Khnum is pleased") was an ancient Egyptian Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the reign of pharaohs Amenemhat II and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE).
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.
See Canaan and Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
According to the Deuteronomistic history in the Hebrew Bible, a United Monarchy or United Kingdom of Israel existed under the reigns of Saul, Eshbaal, David, and Solomon, encompassing the territories of both the later kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
See Canaan and Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.
See Canaan and Kingdom of Judah
Knanaya
The K'nānāya, (from Syriac: K'nā'nāya (Canaanite)) also known as the Southists or Tekkumbhagar, are an endogamous ethnic group found among the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, India.
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
Kritarchy
Kritarchy, also called kritocracy, was the system of rule by Biblical judges (שופטים, shoftim) in ancient Israel, started by Moses according to the Book of Exodus, before the establishment of a united monarchy under Saul.
Ktav Ashuri
Ktav Ashuri (כְּתָב אַשּׁוּרִי,, lit. "Assyrian Writing") also (Ktav) Ashurit, is the traditional Hebrew language name of the Hebrew alphabet, used to write both Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.
Kurigalzu I
Kurigalzu I (died c. 1375 BC), usually inscribed ku-ri-gal-zu but also sometimes with the m or d determinative, the 17th king of the Kassite or 3rd dynasty that ruled over Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia.
Labaya
Labaya (Labayu or Lib'ayu) was the ruler of Shechem and warlord in the central hill country of southern Canaan during the Amarna Period (c. 1350 BC).
Land of Israel
The Land of Israel is the traditional Jewish name for an area of the Southern Levant.
Larsa
Larsa (𒌓𒀕𒆠|translit.
See Canaan and Larsa
Lasha
Lasha, meaning fissure is a place apparently east of the Dead Sea.
See Canaan and Lasha
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.
Late Bronze Age collapse
The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.
See Canaan and Late Bronze Age collapse
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Canaan and Latin
Lead
Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
See Canaan and Lead
Lebanese people
The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.
See Canaan and Lebanese people
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Line (poetry)
A line is a unit of writing into which a poem or play is divided: literally, a single row of text.
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
Litani River
The Litani River (Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (lion river), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon.
Lugal-Anne-Mundu
Lugal-Anne-Mundu (𒈗𒀭𒉌𒈬𒌦𒆕) was the most important king of the city-state of Adab in Sumer.
See Canaan and Lugal-Anne-Mundu
Luli
Luli or Elulaios was king of the Phoenician city of Tyre (729–694 BC).
See Canaan and Luli
Luwian language
Luwian, sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Canaan and Luwian language
Luwians
The Luwians were an ancient people in Anatolia who spoke the Luwian language.
Malachite
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.
See Canaan and Mandatory Palestine
Mari, Syria
Mari (Cuneiform:, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria.
Mark S. Smith
Mark Stratton John Matthew Smith (born December 6, 1956) is an American Old Testament scholar and professor.
Maryannu
The Maryannu were a caste of chariot-mounted hereditary warrior nobility that existed in many of the societies of the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age.
Mattan I
Mattan, Matan, or Mittin ruled Tyre from 840 to 832 BC, succeeding his father Baal-Eser II.
Maykop culture
The Maykop culture (scientific transliteration: Majkop), c. 3700 BC–3000 BC, is a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the western Caucasus region.
Medes
The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).
See Canaan and Medes
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
See Canaan and Mediterranean Basin
Megiddo, Israel
Megiddo (מְגִדּוֹ، المجیدو) is a kibbutz in northern Israel, built in 1949.
See Canaan and Megiddo, Israel
Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries.
Merneptah
Merneptah or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213–2 May 1203 BCE) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Merneptah Stele
The Merneptah Stele, also known as the Israel Stele or the Victory Stele of Merneptah, is an inscription by Merneptah, a pharaoh in ancient Egypt who reigned from 1213 to 1203 BCE.
See Canaan and Merneptah Stele
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age culture which was centered on the island of Crete.
See Canaan and Minoan civilization
Mitanni
Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts,; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.
Moab
Moab is an ancient Levantine kingdom whose territory is today located in southern Jordan. Canaan and Moab are ancient history of Jordan.
See Canaan and Moab
Moabite language
The Moabite language, also known as the Moabite dialect, is an extinct sub-language or dialect of the Canaanite languages, themselves a branch of Northwest Semitic languages, formerly spoken in the region described in the Bible as Moab (modern day central-western Jordan) in the early 1st millennium BC.
See Canaan and Moabite language
Moses
Moses; Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ); Mūše; Mūsā; Mōÿsēs was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader, according to Abrahamic tradition.
See Canaan and Moses
Moshe Sharon
Moshe Sharon (משה שָׁרוֹן; born December 18, 1937) is an Israeli historian of Islam.
Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān,; ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ,,, ṭūr lewnōn) is a mountain range in Lebanon.
Mount Seir
Mount Seir (Har Sēʿir) is the ancient and biblical name for a mountainous region stretching between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in the northwestern region of Edom and southeast of the Kingdom of Judah.
Murex
Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails.
See Canaan and Murex
Mut-bisir
Mut-bisir or Mutu-bisir (in Akkadian Cuneiform: mu-ut-bi-si-ir, in transliterated Amorite: mut-biśir, "man of Biśri"; fl. 19th century BC) was a senior military official to the Amorite king Shamshi-Adad I. His name appears repeatedly in the Mari letters, and means "man of Biśir", referring to the desert region around the Jebel Bishri.
Mycenaean pottery
Mycenaean pottery is the pottery tradition associated with the Mycenaean period in Ancient Greece.
See Canaan and Mycenaean pottery
Names of the Levant
Over recorded history, there have been many names of the Levant, a large area in the Near East, or its constituent parts.
See Canaan and Names of the Levant
Naram-Sin of Akkad
Naram-Sin, also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪: DNa-ra-am DSîn, meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" a determinative marking the name of a god), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned –2218 BC (middle chronology), and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad.
See Canaan and Naram-Sin of Akkad
Natufian culture
Natufian culture is a Late Epipaleolithic archaeological culture of the Neolithic prehistoric Levant in Western Asia, dating to around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago.
See Canaan and Natufian culture
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
See Canaan and Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Canaan and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.
See Canaan and Neolithic Revolution
New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian state between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC.
See Canaan and New Kingdom of Egypt
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (دلتا النيل, or simply الدلتا) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC.
See Canaan and Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Niqmaddu II
Niqmaddu II was the second ruler and king of Ugarit, an ancient Syrian citystate in northwestern Syria, reigning c. 1350–1315 BC (or possibly c. 1380–1346 BC) and succeeding his less known father, Ammittamru I.
Niqmepa
Niqmepa (died 1270 BC) was the fifth-from-last King of Ugarit, a city-state in northwestern Syria.
Noah
Noah appears as the last of the Antediluvian patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions.
See Canaan and Noah
Nomad
Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.
See Canaan and Nomad
Nomadic pastoralism
Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze.
See Canaan and Nomadic pastoralism
Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek) is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek, forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism.
See Canaan and Novum Testamentum Graece
Nuzi
Nuzi (Hurrian Nuzi/Nuzu; Akkadian Gasur; modern Yorghan Tepe, Iraq) was an ancient Mesopotamian city southwest of the city of Arrapha (modern Kirkuk), located near the Tigris river.
See Canaan and Nuzi
Odyssey
The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
Og
Og (ʿŌg; ʿŪj; Ōg) was, according to the Hebrew Bible and other sources, an Amorite king of Bashan who was slain along with his army by Moses and his men at the battle of Edrei.
See Canaan and Og
Old Assyrian period
The Old Assyrian period was the second stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of the city of Assur from its rise as an independent city-state under Ushpia 2080 BC, and consolidated under Puzur-Ashur I 2025 BC to the foundation of a larger Assyrian territorial state and empire after the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC, which marks the beginning of the succeeding Middle Assyrian period.
See Canaan and Old Assyrian period
Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period.
See Canaan and Old Babylonian Empire
Old Testament
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.
Olive
The olive, botanical name Olea europaea, meaning 'European olive', is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin.
See Canaan and Olive
Origin of the Armenians
The origin of the Armenians is a topic concerned with the emergence of the Armenian people and the country called Armenia.
See Canaan and Origin of the Armenians
Orontes River
The Orontes (from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (translit,; Asi) is a long river in Western Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey.
Padiiset's Statue
Padiiset's Statue or Pateese's Statue, also described as the Statue of a vizier usurped by Padiiset, is a basalt statue found in 1894 in an unknown location in the Egyptian delta which includes an inscription referring to trade between Canaan and the Peleset (Philistines) and Ancient Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period.
See Canaan and Padiiset's Statue
Palestinians
Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.
Palmyra
Palmyra (Palmyrene:, romanized: Tadmor; Tadmur) is an ancient city in the eastern part of the Levant, now in the center of modern Syria.
Papyrus Anastasi I
Papyrus Anastasi I (officially designated papyrus British Museum 10247) is an ancient Egyptian papyrus containing a satirical text used for the training of scribes during the Ramesside Period (i.e. Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties).
See Canaan and Papyrus Anastasi I
Papyrus Harris I
Papyrus Harris I is also known as The Great Harris Papyrus and (less accurately) simply The Harris Papyrus (though there are a number of other papyri in the Harris collection).
See Canaan and Papyrus Harris I
Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds.
Patrologia Latina
The Patrologia Latina (Latin for The Latin Patrology) is an enormous collection of the writings of the Church Fathers and other ecclesiastical writers published by Jacques-Paul Migne between 1841 and 1855, with indices published between 1862 and 1865.
See Canaan and Patrologia Latina
Pausa
In linguistics, pausa (Latin for 'break', from Greek παῦσις, pâusis 'stopping, ceasing') is the hiatus between prosodic declination units.
See Canaan and Pausa
Pelasgians
The name Pelasgians (Pelasgoí, singular: Πελασγός Pelasgós) was used by Classical Greek writers to refer either to the predecessors of the Greeks, or to all the inhabitants of Greece before the emergence of the Greeks.
Peleset
The Peleset (Egyptian: pwrꜣsꜣtj) or Pulasati are a people appearing in fragmentary historical and iconographic records in ancient Egyptian from the Eastern Mediterranean in the late 2nd millennium BCE.
Perizzites
The Perizzites are a group of people mentioned many times in the Hebrew Bible as having lived in the land of Canaan before the arrival of the Israelites.
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Phelles
Phelles was a King of Tyre and the last of four brothers who held the kingship. The only information available about Phelles comes from Josephus’s citation of the Phoenician author Menander of Ephesus, in Against Apion i.18. Here it is said that Phelles slew his brother Aserymus (Astarymus) and then “took the kingdom, and reigned but eight months, though he lived fifty years: he was slain by Ithobalus (Ithobaal I), the priest of Astarte.” He and the three preceding kings were brothers, sons of the nurse of Abdastartus, according to Menander.
Philistia
Philistia (Koine Greek (LXX): Γῆ τῶν Φυλιστιείμ, romanized: gê tôn Phulistieím) was a confederation of five main cities or pentapolis in the Southwest Levant, made up of principally Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, and for a time, Jaffa (present-day part of Tel Aviv).
Philistines
The Philistines (Pəlīštīm; LXX: Phulistieím; Philistaei) were an ancient people who lived on the south coast of Canaan during the Iron Age in a confederation of city-states generally referred to as Philistia.
Philo of Byblos
Philo of Byblos (Φίλων Βύβλιος, Phílōn Býblios; Philo Byblius; – 141), also known as Herennius Philon, was an antiquarian writer of grammatical, lexical and historical works in Greek.
See Canaan and Philo of Byblos
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
Phoenician language
Phoenician (Phoenician) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon.
See Canaan and Phoenician language
Phoenician settlement of North Africa
The Phoenician settlement of North Africa or Phoenician expedition to North Africa was the process of Phoenician people migrating and settling in the Maghreb region of North Africa, encompassing present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, from their homeland of Phoenicia in the Levant region, including present-day Lebanon, Palestinian Territories, and Syria, in the 1st millennium BC.
See Canaan and Phoenician settlement of North Africa
Pistachio
The pistachio (Pistacia vera), a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating in Persia.
Polity
A polity is a group of people with a collective identity, who are organized by some form of political institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to mobilize resources.
Pottery of ancient Cyprus
The pottery of ancient Cyprus starts during the Neolithic period.
See Canaan and Pottery of ancient Cyprus
Pre-Pottery Neolithic
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) represents the early Neolithic in the Levantine and upper Mesopotamian region of the Fertile Crescent, dating to years ago, (10000 – 6500 BCE).
See Canaan and Pre-Pottery Neolithic
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant, dating to years ago, that is, 8800–6500 BC.
See Canaan and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
Prehistoric Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt and Predynastic Egypt was the period of time starting at the first human settlement and ending at the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 BC.
See Canaan and Prehistoric Egypt
Promised Land
The Promised Land (הארץ המובטחת, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; أرض الميعاد, translit.: ard al-mi'ad) is Middle Eastern land in the Levant that Abrahamic religions (which include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and others) claim God promised and subsequently gave to Abraham (the legendary patriarch in Abrahamic religions) and several more times to his descendants. Canaan and promised Land are land of Israel.
Proto-Canaanite alphabet
Proto-Canaanite is the name given to the About 20-25 proto-Canaanite inscriptions are known.
See Canaan and Proto-Canaanite alphabet
Provence
Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Punic language
The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages.
Punic people
The Punic people, usually known as the Carthaginians (and sometimes as Western Phoenicians), were a Semitic people who migrated from Phoenicia to the Western Mediterranean during the Early Iron Age.
Pygmalion of Tyre
Pygmalion (Ancient Greek: Πυγμαλίων; Latin) was king of Tyre from 831 to 785 BCE and a son of King Mattan I (840–832 BC).
See Canaan and Pygmalion of Tyre
Qatna
Qatna (modern: تل المشرفة, Tell al-Mishrifeh; also Tell Misrife or Tell Mishrifeh) was an ancient city located in Homs Governorate, Syria. Canaan and Qatna are Amarna letters locations.
See Canaan and Qatna
Ramesses II
Ramesses II (rꜥ-ms-sw), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Egyptian pharaoh.
Ramesses III
Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt.
Retjenu
Retjenu (rṯnw; Reṯenu, Retenu), later known as Khor, was the Ancient Egyptian name for the wider Syrian region, where the Semitic-speaking Canaanites lived.
Revisionist Zionism
Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism characterized by territorial maximalism.
See Canaan and Revisionist Zionism
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda (also rendered Rib-Addi, Rib-Addu, Rib-Adda) was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE.
Robert Drews
Robert Drews (born March 26, 1936) is an American historian who is Professor of Classical Studies Emeritus at Vanderbilt University.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman people
The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens (Rōmānī; Ῥωμαῖοι) during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
Romanization of Greek
Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet.
See Canaan and Romanization of Greek
Samaria
Samaria is the Hellenized form of the Hebrew name Shomron (translit), used as a historical and biblical name for the central region of Israel, bordered by Judea to the south and Galilee to the north. Canaan and Samaria are land of Israel.
Samaria (ancient city)
Samaria (שֹׁמְרוֹן; 𒊓𒈨𒊑𒈾; Greek; السامرة) was the capital city of the Kingdom of Israel between and.
See Canaan and Samaria (ancient city)
Samaritans
The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.
Sanchuniathon
Sanchuniathon (Ancient Greek: Σαγχουνιάθων or Σαγχωνιάθων; probably from translit, "Sakkun has given"), also known as Sanchoniatho the Berytian, was a Phoenician author.
Sardinia
Sardinia (Sardegna; Sardigna) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy.
Sargon II
Sargon II (𒈗𒁺|translit.
Sargon of Akkad
Sargon of Akkad (𒊬𒊒𒄀|Šarrugi), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.
See Canaan and Sargon of Akkad
Saudis
Saudis (Suʿūdiyyūn) or Saudi Arabians are an ethnic group and nation native to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who speak the Arabic language, a Central Semitic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.
Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel.
Sea Peoples
The Sea Peoples were a group of tribes hypothesized to have attacked Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean regions around 1200 BC during the Late Bronze Age.
Sebek-khu Stele
The Sebek-khu Stele, also known as the Stele of Khu-sobek, is an inscription in honour of a man named Sebek-khu (Khu-sobek), who lived during the reign of Senusret III (reign: 1878 – 1839 BC) discovered by John Garstang in 1901 outside Khu-sobek's tomb at Abydos, Egypt, and now housed in the Manchester Museum.
See Canaan and Sebek-khu Stele
Second Temple period
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem.
See Canaan and Second Temple period
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Canaan and Semitic languages
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
Sennacherib
Sennacherib (𒀭𒌍𒉽𒈨𒌍𒋢|translit.
Senusret I
Senusret I (Middle Egyptian: z-n-wsrt; /suʀ nij ˈwas.ɾiʔ/) also anglicized as Sesostris I and Senwosret I, was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt.
Senusret III
Khakaure Senusret III (also written as Senwosret III or the hellenised form, Sesostris III) was a pharaoh of Egypt.
Septuagint
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
Seti I
Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I in Greek) was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom period, ruling or 1290 BC to 1279 BC.
Shalmaneser I
Shalmaneser I (𒁹𒀭𒁲𒈠𒉡𒊕 mdsál-ma-nu-SAG Salmanu-ašared; 1273–1244 BC or 1265–1235 BC) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire.
Shamshi-Adad I
Shamshi-Adad (Šamši-Adad; Amorite: Shamshi-Addu), ruled 1808–1776 BC, was an Amorite warlord and conqueror who had conquered lands across much of Syria, Anatolia, and Upper Mesopotamia.
Shasu
The Shasu (šꜣsw, possibly pronounced šaswə) were Semitic-speaking pastoral nomads in the Southern Levant from the late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age or the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt.
See Canaan and Shasu
Shechem
Shechem (Šəḵem; Samaritan Hebrew: script), also spelled Sichem (Sykhém) was an ancient city in the southern Levant.
Shiloh (biblical city)
Shiloh (Šīlō) was an ancient city and sanctuary in ancient Israel located in the region of Samaria.
See Canaan and Shiloh (biblical city)
Shulgi
Shulgi (dšul-gi, formerly read as Dungi) of Ur was the second king of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
Sidon
Sidon or Saida (Ṣaydā) is the third-largest city in Lebanon.
See Canaan and Sidon
Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
The siege of Jerusalem (circa 589–587 BC) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah.
See Canaan and Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
Sihon
Sihon was an Amorite king mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, who refused to let the Israelites pass through his country.
See Canaan and Sihon
Simon bar Kokhba
Simon bar Kokhba or Simon bar Koseba, commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, was a Jewish military leader in Judea.
See Canaan and Simon bar Kokhba
Sodom and Gomorrah
In the Abrahamic religions, Sodom and Gomorrah were two cities destroyed by God for their wickedness.
See Canaan and Sodom and Gomorrah
Somali people
The Somali people (Soomaalida, Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒆𐒖, Wadaad) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa who share a common ancestry, culture and history.
Southern Levant
The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half of the Levant.
See Canaan and Southern Levant
Sphere of influence
In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.
See Canaan and Sphere of influence
State of Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region.
See Canaan and State of Palestine
Statue of Idrimi
The Statue of Idrimi is an important ancient Middle Eastern sculpture found at the site of Alalakh by the British archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley in 1939, dating from the 15th century BC.
See Canaan and Statue of Idrimi
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
Story of Sinuhe
The Story of Sinuhe (also referred to as Sanehat or Sanhath) is a work of ancient Egyptian literature.
See Canaan and Story of Sinuhe
Subartu
The land of Subartu (Akkadian Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri, Assyrian mât Šubarri) or Subar (Sumerian Su-bir4/Subar/Šubur, Ugaritic 𐎘𐎁𐎗 ṯbr) is mentioned in Bronze Age literature. Canaan and Subartu are Amarna letters locations.
Subsistence agriculture
Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings.
See Canaan and Subsistence agriculture
Sumer
Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
See Canaan and Sumer
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Canaan and Sumerian language
Sumu-abum
Sumu-Abum (also Su-abu) was an Amorite, and the first King of the First Dynasty of Babylon (the Amorite Dynasty).
Suteans
The Suteans (Akkadian: Sutī’ū, possibly from Amorite: Šetī’u) were a nomadic Semitic people who lived throughout the Levant, Canaan and Mesopotamia, specifically in the region of Suhum, during the Old Babylonian period.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See Canaan and Syria
Syria (region)
Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant.
Syria Palaestina
Syria Palaestina (Syría hē Palaistínē) was a Roman province in the Palestine region between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD.
See Canaan and Syria Palaestina
Syrians
Syrians (سوريون) are the majority inhabitants of Syria, indigenous to the Levant, who have Arabic, especially its Levantine dialect, as a mother tongue.
Syro-Hittite states
The states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram.
See Canaan and Syro-Hittite states
Tartus
Tartus (طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa and also transliterated from French Tartous) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria.
Tel Burna
Tel Burna (also Tell Bornât) is an archaeological site located in the Shephelah (Judean foothills), along the banks of Nahal Guvrin, not far from modern-day Qiryat Gat.
Tel Dor
Tel Dor (דוֹר or, meaning "generation", "habitation") or Tell el-Burj, also Khirbet el-Burj in Arabic (lit. Tell, or Ruin, of the Tower), is an archaeological site located on the Israeli coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea next to modern moshav Dor, about south of Haifa, and west of Hadera.
Tel Gerisa
Tel Gerisa (תל גריסה) or Tell Jerishe and Tell Jarisha (Arabic), commonly known as Tel Napoleon (lit), as his army camped on it during the siege of Jaffa, is an archaeological site in Tel Aviv, Israel, on the southern bank of the Yarkon River.
Tel Hazor
Tel Hazor (תל חצור), also Chatsôr (חָצוֹר), translated in LXX as Hasōr (Άσώρ), named in Arabic Tell Waqqas / Tell Qedah el-Gul (Tell el-Qedah), is an archaeological tell at the site of ancient Hazor, located in Israel, Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee, in the northern Korazim Plateau. Canaan and tel Hazor are Amarna letters locations and land of Israel.
Tel Jezreel
Tel Jezreel (God will sow) is an archaeological site in the eastern Jezreel Valley in northern Israel.
Tel Kabri
Tel Kabri (תֵל כַבְרִי), or Tell al-Qahweh (mound of coffee), is an archaeological tell (mound created by accumulation of remains) containing one of the largest Middle Bronze Age (2,100–1,550 BCE) Canaanite palaces in Israel, and the largest such palace excavated as of 2014. Canaan and tel Kabri are land of Israel.
Tel Lachish
Lachish (Lāḵîš; Λαχίς; Lachis) was an ancient Israelite city in the Shephelah ("lowlands of Judea") region of Canaan on the south bank of the Lakhish River mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. Canaan and Tel Lachish are Amarna letters locations.
Tel Masos
Tel Masos (Tel Mashush, Arabic: Khirbat al-Mashush, Khirbat el Mashash) is an archaeological site in Israel, in northern Negev, about 15 kilometres southeast of Beer-Sheva, along the Beer-Sheva River.
Tel Megiddo
Tel Megiddo (from תל מגידו), called in Arabic Tell el-Mütesellim "tell of the Governor", is the site of the ancient city of Megiddo (Μεγιδδώ), the remains of which form a tell or archaeological mound, situated in northern Israel at the western edge of the Jezreel Valley about southeast of Haifa near the depopulated Palestinian town of Lajjun and subsequently Kibbutz Megiddo. Canaan and tel Megiddo are Amarna letters locations.
Tel Zeror
Tel Zeror is an archaeological tel on the Sharon Plain, approximately four km east of Hadera, SE of Kibbutz Gan Shmuel and south of Moshav Talmei Elazar.
Tell Abu Hawam
Tell Abu Hawam is the site of a small city established in the Late Bronze Age (circa 1600 BCE) in the area of modern-day Haifa, Israel.
Tell el-Far'ah (South)
Tell el-Far'ah (South) (also Tell el-Fārʿa) is an archaeological site on the bank of HaBesor Stream in the northern Negev region, Israel.
See Canaan and Tell el-Far'ah (South)
Tell es-Safi
Tell es-Safi (Tall aṣ-Ṣāfī, "White hill"; תל צפית, Tel Tzafit) was an Arab Palestinian village, located on the southern banks of Wadi 'Ajjur, northwest of Hebron which had its Arab population expelled during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war on orders of Shimon Avidan, commander of the Givati Brigade.
Tell Jemmeh
Tell Jemmeh or Tell Gemmeh (تل جمه), also known in Hebrew as Tel Gamma (תל גמה) or Tel Re'im (תל רעים), is a prominent mound, or tell, located in the region of the northwestern Negev and the southern coastal plain of Israel, about 12 km south of Gaza, bounded by the kibbutz of Re'im 2 km to the east, and the kibbutz of Kisufim 6 km to the west, and is 9 km east of the Mediterranean coast.
Teshub
Teshub was the Hurrian weather god, as well as the head of the Hurrian pantheon.
The Exodus
The Exodus (Hebrew: יציאת מצרים, Yəṣīʾat Mīṣrayīm) is the founding myth of the Israelites whose narrative is spread over four of the five books of the Pentateuch (specifically, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy).
Third Dynasty of Ur
The Third Dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire, refers to a 22nd to 21st century BC (middle chronology) Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state which some historians consider to have been a nascent empire.
See Canaan and Third Dynasty of Ur
Third Mithridatic War
The Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC), the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, was fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic.
See Canaan and Third Mithridatic War
Thutmose III
Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.
Tiglath-Pileser III
Tiglath-Pileser III (𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏|translit.
See Canaan and Tiglath-Pileser III
Tigris
The Tigris (see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates.
Timeline of the name Palestine
This article presents a list of notable historical references to the name Palestine as a place name for the region of Palestine throughout history.
See Canaan and Timeline of the name Palestine
Timna
Timna (Qatabānic: 𐩩𐩣𐩬𐩲, romanized:,; translit) is an ancient city in Yemen, the capital of the Qataban kingdom.
See Canaan and Timna
Timnah
Timnath or Timnah was a Philistine city in Canaan that is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in and in connection with Samson.
Tin
Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
See Canaan and Tin
Tjeker
The Tjeker or Tjekker (Egyptian: ṯꜣkꜣr or ṯꜣkkꜣr) were one of the Sea Peoples.
Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
See Canaan and Torah
Transhumance
Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Tribe of Ephraim
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Ephraim (אֶפְרַיִם, ʾEp̄rayīm, in pausa: אֶפְרָיִם, ʾEp̄rāyīm) was one of the tribes of Israel. Canaan and tribe of Ephraim are land of Israel.
See Canaan and Tribe of Ephraim
Tribe of Judah
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe of Judah (Shevet Yehudah) was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel, named after Judah, the son of Jacob.
Tributary state
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain).
See Canaan and Tributary state
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
Tushratta
Tushratta (Akkadian: and) was a king of Mitanni, 1358–1335 BCE, at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the reign of Akhenaten.
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the late Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Born Tutankhaten, he was likely a son of Akhenaten, thought to be the KV55 mummy. His mother was identified through DNA testing as The Younger Lady buried in KV35; she was a full sister of her husband.
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC (190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI–XIV).
See Canaan and Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XX, alternatively 20th Dynasty or Dynasty 20) is the third and last dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1189 BC to 1077 BC.
See Canaan and Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
See Canaan and Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (translit; translit; Týros) or Tyr, Sur, or Sour is a city in Lebanon, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a small population. Canaan and Tyre, Lebanon are Amarna letters locations.
Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (πορφύρα porphúra; purpura), also known as royal purple, imperial purple, or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye.
Ugarit
Ugarit (𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ʾUgarītu) was an ancient port city in northern Syria about 10 kilometers north of modern Latakia. Canaan and Ugarit are Amarna letters locations.
Ugaritic
Ugaritic is an extinct Northwest Semitic language, classified by some as a dialect of the Amorite language.
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Canaan and Umayyad Caliphate
Upu
Upu or Apu, also rendered as Aba/Apa/Apina/Ubi/Upi, was the region surrounding Damascus of the 1350 BC Amarna letters. Canaan and Upu are Amarna letters locations.
See Canaan and Upu
Uruk
Uruk, known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near East, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river.
See Canaan and Uruk
Wadi Feynan
Wadi Feynan or Wadi Faynan (وادي فينان) is a major wadi (seasonal river valley) and region in southern Jordan, on the border between Tafilah Governorate and Aqaba and Ma'an Governorates.
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Western Aramaic languages
Western Aramaic is a group of Aramaic dialects once spoken widely throughout the ancient Levant, predominantly in the south, and Sinai, including ancient Damascus, Nabatea, Judea, across the Palestine Region, Transjordan, Samaria as well as Lebanon in the north.
See Canaan and Western Aramaic languages
Western literature
Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent western authors, poets, and pieces of literature.
See Canaan and Western literature
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
See Canaan and Wheat
Wilhelm Gesenius
Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Gesenius (3 February 178623 October 1842) was a German orientalist, lexicographer, Christian Hebraist, Lutheran theologian, Biblical scholar and critic.
See Canaan and Wilhelm Gesenius
Yahweh
Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity, and the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, later the god of Judaism and its other descendant Abrahamic religions.
Yahwism
Yahwism, as it is called by modern scholars, was the religion of ancient Israel and Judah.
Yam (god)
Yam (𐎊|translit.
Yamhad
Yamhad (Yamḫad) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom centered on Ḥalab (Aleppo) in Syria.
Yanhamu
Yanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.
Yemenis
Yemenis or Yemenites (يمنيون) are the nationals of Yemen.
Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains (Kuh hā-ye Zāgros; translit; translit;; Luri: Kûya Zagrus کویا زاگرس or کوه یل زاگرس) are a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey.
See Canaan and Zagros Mountains
Zeboim (Hebrew Bible)
Zeboim is the name in English of two or three places in the Bible.
See Canaan and Zeboim (Hebrew Bible)
Zimredda of Sidon
Zimredda, also Zimr-Edda or Zimr-Eddi (𒍣𒅎𒊑𒁕 Zîmreda; Amorite: *ḏimrī hadda, "Hadad is my protection") was the mayor of Sidon, (i.e. the "King of Sidon") in the mid 14th century BC.
See Canaan and Zimredda of Sidon
2nd millennium BC
The 2nd millennium BC spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC.
See Canaan and 2nd millennium BC
613 commandments
According to Jewish tradition, the Torah contains 613 commandments (mitsvót).
See Canaan and 613 commandments
8.2-kiloyear event
In climatology, the 8.2-kiloyear event was a sudden decrease in global temperatures that occurred approximately 8,200 years before the present, or 6,200 BC, and which lasted for the next two to four centuries.
See Canaan and 8.2-kiloyear event
See also
Ancient history of Jordan
- Al-Maghtas
- Ammon
- Ancient Hebrew texts
- Canaan
- Edom
- Horites
- Moab
- Nabataea
- Safaitic
- Transjordan in the Bible
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan
Also known as Ancient Canaan, Biblical Canaan, Biblical Canaanites, Caanan, Caananite, Cana'an, Canaan (region), Canaan, Canaanites, Canaanite civilization, Canaanite people, Canaanite peoples, Canaanites, Canaanites Canaan, Chanaan, Chanaan, Chanaanites, Chanaanites Chanaan, Kaanan, Kanaan, Kena'an, Kenaan, Khanaan, Kna'an, Knanan, Knaʿn, Land of Canaan, List of Canaanite rulers, Proto-Cannaanites.
, Aram (region), Aram-Damascus, Arameans, Archaeological excavation, Archaeology of Israel, Arhalba, Arqa, Ascalon, Ashkelon, Ashteroth Karnaim, Ashurbanipal, Ashurnasirpal II, Assyria, Assyrian conquest of Egypt, Assyrian people, Astarymus, Augustine of Hippo, Aziru, Šuppiluliuma I, Šuwardata, Baal, Baal I, Baal-Eser I, Baal-Eser II, Babylon, Babylonia, Barley, Bashan, Battle Hymn of the Republic, Battle of Kadesh, Beersheba culture, Beirut, Beit She'an, Beni Hasan, Berber languages, Berytus, Bethel, Bible, Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Hittites, Biryawaza, Book of Deuteronomy, Book of Exodus, Book of Genesis, Book of Job, Book of Joshua, Book of Judges, Book of Numbers, Book of Proverbs, Books of Chronicles, Books of Kings, Books of Samuel, Bronze, Bronze Age, Bronze Age Europe, Burna-Buriash II, Byblos, Byzantine Empire, Byzantium, Canaan, Canaan (son of Ham), Canaanism, Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, Canaanite gate of ancient Tell, Canaanite languages, Canaanite religion, Canaanite shift, Carthage, Caucasus, Caucasus hunter-gatherer, Chalcolithic, Chariot, Cilicia, Circumstantial evidence, City-state, Climate variability and change, Coalition, Confederation, Crete, Cronus, Curse of Ham, Dagon, Damascus, David Ben-Gurion, Dead Sea, Debir, Deir al-Balah, Demographics of Jordan, Demographics of Kuwait, Demonym, Djahy, DNA, Domestication of vertebrates, Early Muslim conquests, East Africa, East Semitic languages, Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern hunter-gatherer, Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests, Ebla, Ebla tablets, Ebla–biblical controversy, Eblaite language, Edom, Edomite language, Eduard Meyer, Eglon (biblical place), Egypt, Egyptians, Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eilat, Elam, Endonym and exonym, Enshakushanna, Ephraim Avigdor Speiser, Esarhaddon, Etakkama, Ethnic groups in Europe, Ethnic groups in the Caucasus, Euphrates, Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter, Ezra–Nehemiah, ʿApiru, First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Gale (publisher), Galilean, Galilee, Gallia Narbonensis, Gaza City, Generations of Noah, Georg Steindorff, Gerar, Geshur, Gezer, Gezer calendar, Ghassulian, Gina (Canaan), Gloss (annotation), Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Matthew, Grain, Grape, Great Vowel Shift, Greco-Roman world, Greeks, Hadrian, Ham (son of Noah), Hammurabi, Haplogroup J (Y-DNA), Haplogroup T-M184, Harifian culture, Hasmonean dynasty, Hattians, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Bible judges, Hebrew language, Hebron, Hecataeus of Miletus, Hegemony, Hellenistic period, Herodotus, Heshbon, Heth, Hippo Regius, Hiram I, Hiram II, Historical region, Historiography, History of ancient Israel and Judah, Hittites, Hivites, Homer, Horticulture, Human history, Human leukocyte antigen, Hurrians, Hyksos, Ibiranu, Ideogram, Idrimi, Iliad, In situ, Indo-Aryan peoples, Internet Archive, Ioudaios, Iran, Iraq, Iron Age, Isdud, Isin, Israel, Israeli Declaration of Independence, Israelites, Ithobaal I, Ithobaal II, Iturea, Jabin, Jacob, Jaffa, Jebusites, Jerusalem, Jezreel Valley, John Melish, John N. 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