Carbohydrate & Digestion - Unionpedia, the concept map

Acetic acid

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as,, or). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water.

Acetic acid and Carbohydrate · Acetic acid and Digestion · See more »

Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate · Carbohydrate and Digestion · See more »

Catabolism

Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.

Carbohydrate and Catabolism · Catabolism and Digestion · See more »

Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

Carbohydrate and Cellulose · Cellulose and Digestion · See more »

Defecation

Defecation (or defaecation) follows digestion, and is a necessary process by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material known as feces from the digestive tract via the anus or cloaca.

Carbohydrate and Defecation · Defecation and Digestion · See more »

Disaccharide

A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

Carbohydrate and Disaccharide · Digestion and Disaccharide · See more »

Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes.

Carbohydrate and Fermentation · Digestion and Fermentation · See more »

Fructose

Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

Carbohydrate and Fructose · Digestion and Fructose · See more »

Functional group

In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.

Carbohydrate and Functional group · Digestion and Functional group · See more »

Fungus

A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

Carbohydrate and Fungus · Digestion and Fungus · See more »

Galactose

Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.

Carbohydrate and Galactose · Digestion and Galactose · See more »

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Food taken in through the mouth is digested to extract nutrients and absorb energy, and the waste expelled at the anus as faeces. Gastrointestinal is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines. Most animals have a "through-gut" or complete digestive tract. Exceptions are more primitive ones: sponges have small pores (ostia) throughout their body for digestion and a larger dorsal pore (osculum) for excretion, comb jellies have both a ventral mouth and dorsal anal pores, while cnidarians and acoels have a single pore for both digestion and excretion. The human gastrointestinal tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, and is divided into the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. The GI tract includes all structures between the mouth and the anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organs of digestion, namely, the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The complete human digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The tract may also be divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut, reflecting the embryological origin of each segment. The whole human GI tract is about nine meters (30 feet) long at autopsy. It is considerably shorter in the living body because the intestines, which are tubes of smooth muscle tissue, maintain constant muscle tone in a halfway-tense state but can relax in spots to allow for local distention and peristalsis. The gastrointestinal tract contains the gut microbiota, with some 1,000 different strains of bacteria having diverse roles in the maintenance of immune health and metabolism, and many other microorganisms. Cells of the GI tract release hormones to help regulate the digestive process. These digestive hormones, including gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin, are mediated through either intracrine or autocrine mechanisms, indicating that the cells releasing these hormones are conserved structures throughout evolution.

Carbohydrate and Gastrointestinal tract · Digestion and Gastrointestinal tract · See more »

Glucose

Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.

Carbohydrate and Glucose · Digestion and Glucose · See more »

Hemicellulose

A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls.

Carbohydrate and Hemicellulose · Digestion and Hemicellulose · See more »

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

Carbohydrate and Hydrogen · Digestion and Hydrogen · See more »

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

Carbohydrate and Hydrolysis · Digestion and Hydrolysis · See more »

Lactose

Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11.

Carbohydrate and Lactose · Digestion and Lactose · See more »

Large intestine

The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods.

Carbohydrate and Large intestine · Digestion and Large intestine · See more »

Maltose

Maltose, also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.

Carbohydrate and Maltose · Digestion and Maltose · See more »

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.

Carbohydrate and Monosaccharide · Digestion and Monosaccharide · See more »

Nutrition

Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.

Carbohydrate and Nutrition · Digestion and Nutrition · See more »

Organism

An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.

Carbohydrate and Organism · Digestion and Organism · See more »

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

Carbohydrate and Polysaccharide · Digestion and Polysaccharide · See more »

Ruminant

Ruminants are herbivorous grazing or browsing artiodactyls belonging to the suborder Ruminantia that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.

Carbohydrate and Ruminant · Digestion and Ruminant · See more »

Short-chain fatty acid

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms.

Carbohydrate and Short-chain fatty acid · Digestion and Short-chain fatty acid · See more »

Small intestine

The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place.

Carbohydrate and Small intestine · Digestion and Small intestine · See more »

Starch

Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.

Carbohydrate and Starch · Digestion and Starch · See more »

Sucrose

Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.

Carbohydrate and Sucrose · Digestion and Sucrose · See more »