Caucasus, the Glossary
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.[1]
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309 relations: Abkhazia, Abkhazians, Abrskil, Achaemenid Empire, Achilles, Adjara, Adrienne Mayor, Adygea, Aeëtes, Africa, Airyanem Vaejah, Alania, Alans, Alexander Mikaberidze, Amazons, Amirani, Ancient Greek, Ancient Rome, Anthracite, Aphrodite, Arabs in the Caucasus, Aras (river), Armenia, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian genocide, Armenian highlands, Armenian language, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Ashurbanipal, Assyria, Atropatene, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan Grand Prix, Azerbaijani language, Bagratid Armenia, Balkars, Batraz, Biodiversity hotspot, Bison, Black Sea, Boundaries between the continents, Brown bear, Byzantine Empire, Cappadocia, Caspian red deer, Caspian Sea, Caucas, Caucasian Albania, Caucasian grouse, Caucasian parsley frog, ... Expand index (259 more) »
- Eastern Europe
- Mountain ranges of Europe
- West Asia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Caucasus and Abkhazia are west Asia.
Abkhazians
The Abkhazians or Abkhazes are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea.
Abrskil
Abrskil or Abrskila was the hero of Abkhazian national epos, Abrskil.
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Caucasus and Achaemenid Empire
Achilles
In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus (Achilleús) was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors.
Adjara
Adjara (აჭარა Ach’ara) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a), is a political-administrative region of Georgia.
Adrienne Mayor
Adrienne Mayor (born 1946) is a historian of ancient science and a classical folklorist.
See Caucasus and Adrienne Mayor
Adygea
The Republic of Adygea, also known as the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia.
Aeëtes
Aeëtes, or Aeeta, was the ruler of the eponymous realm of Aea in Greek mythology, a wondrous realm which from the fifth century B.C.E. onward became identified with the kingdom of Colchis east in the Black Sea.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Airyanem Vaejah
Airyanem Vaejah ('Expanse of the Arya') is considered in Zoroastrianism to be the homeland of the early Iranians and the place where Zarathustra received the religion from Ahura Mazda.
See Caucasus and Airyanem Vaejah
Alania
Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Iranian Alans (Proto-Ossetians) that flourished between the 9th–13th centuries in the Northern Caucasus, roughly in the location of latter-day Circassia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, and modern North Ossetia–Alania.
Alans
The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa.
Alexander Mikaberidze
Alexander Mikaberidze (ალექსანდრე მიქაბერიძე; born 27 January 1978) is a Georgian lawyer, author and historian who specializes in Napoleonic studies.
See Caucasus and Alexander Mikaberidze
Amazons
In Greek mythology, the Amazons (Ancient Greek:, singular; in Latin) are portrayed in a number of ancient epic poems and legends, such as the Labours of Heracles, the Argonautica and the Iliad.
Amirani
Amirani or Amiran (ამირანი) is the name of a culture hero of a Georgian epic who resembles the Classical Prometheus.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Caucasus and Ancient Greek
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Anthracite
Anthracite, also known as hard coal and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic lustre.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman goddess counterpart Venus, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.
Arabs in the Caucasus
Arabs first established themselves in the Caucasus in the eighth century, during the Arab conquest of Persia (see also Muslim conquest of Armenia and Arab rule in Georgia).
See Caucasus and Arabs in the Caucasus
Aras (river)
The Aras (also known as the Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz) is a river in the Caucasus.
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Caucasus and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
See Caucasus and Armenian genocide
Armenian highlands
The Armenian highlands (Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland)Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century.
See Caucasus and Armenian highlands
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.
See Caucasus and Armenian language
Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
The Arsacid dynasty, called the Arshakuni (Aršakuni) in Armenian, ruled the Kingdom of Armenia, with some interruptions, from 12 to 428.
See Caucasus and Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal (𒀸𒋩𒆕𒀀|translit.
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Atropatene
Atropatene (Ātṛpātakāna; Pahlavi: Ādurbādagān Ἀτροπατηνή), also known as Media Atropatene, was an ancient Iranian kingdom established in by the Persian satrap Atropates.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.
Azerbaijan Grand Prix
The Azerbaijan Grand Prix (Azərbaycan Qran Prisi) is a Formula One motor racing event that was held for the first time in.
See Caucasus and Azerbaijan Grand Prix
Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch.
See Caucasus and Azerbaijani language
Bagratid Armenia
Bagratid Armenia was an independent Armenian state established by Ashot I Bagratuni of the Bagratuni dynasty in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule.
See Caucasus and Bagratid Armenia
Balkars
Balkars (Malqarlıla or Таулула, Tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are a Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.
Batraz
Batraz, Batradz, or Pataraz (Ossetian: Батыраз) is a central character in the North Caucasian myths known as the Nart sagas.
Biodiversity hotspot
A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation.
See Caucasus and Biodiversity hotspot
Bison
A bison (bison) is a large bovine in the genus Bison (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini.
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
Boundaries between the continents
Determining the boundaries between the continents is generally a matter of geographical convention.
See Caucasus and Boundaries between the continents
Brown bear
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Caucasus and Byzantine Empire
Cappadocia
Cappadocia (Kapadokya, Greek: Καππαδοκία) is a historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey.
Caspian red deer
The Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral), is one of the easternmost subspecies of red deer that is native to areas between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea such as Crimea, Asia Minor, the Caucasus Mountains region bordering Europe and Asia, and along the Caspian Sea region in Iran.
See Caucasus and Caspian red deer
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
Caucas
Caucas or Kavkasos (tr) was the supposed ancestor of Vainakh peoples (Chechens and Ingush) according to The Georgian Chronicles.
Caucasian Albania
Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for a former state located in ancient times in the Caucasus, mostly in what is now Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located).
See Caucasus and Caucasian Albania
Caucasian grouse
The Caucasian grouse or Caucasian black grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi) is a large bird in the grouse family.
See Caucasus and Caucasian grouse
Caucasian parsley frog
The Caucasian parsley frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) is a species of frog in the family Pelodytidae.
See Caucasus and Caucasian parsley frog
Caucasian salamander
The Caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica) is a species of stream-dwelling salamander in the family Salamandridae.
See Caucasus and Caucasian salamander
Caucasian Shepherd Dog
The Caucasian Shepherd Dog or Caucasian Ovcharka is a large livestock guardian dog native to the Caucasus region, notably Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Dagestan.
See Caucasus and Caucasian Shepherd Dog
Caucasian War
The Caucasian War (translit) or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Caucasian War
Caucasus Germans
Caucasus Germans (Kaukasiendeutsche) are part of the German minority in Russia and the Soviet Union.
See Caucasus and Caucasus Germans
Caucasus mixed forests
The Caucasus mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as the adjacent Lesser Caucasus range and the eastern end of the Pontic Mountains.
See Caucasus and Caucasus mixed forests
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Caucasus and Caucasus Mountains are eastern Europe, mountain ranges of Europe and west Asia.
See Caucasus and Caucasus Mountains
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Caucasus and Central Intelligence Agency
Chechens
The Chechens (Нохчий,, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus.
Chechnya
Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a republic of Russia.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Church of Caucasian Albania
The Church of Albania or the Albanian Apostolic Church was an ancient, briefly autocephalous church established in the 5th century.
See Caucasus and Church of Caucasian Albania
Cilicia
Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Caucasus and Cilicia are regions of Asia.
Circassia
Circassia, also known as Zichia, was a country and a historical region in the.
Circassian genocide
The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of 95–97% of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1.5 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War.
See Caucasus and Circassian genocide
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.
Colchis
In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi (ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, also commonly and colloquially known as the Commonwealth of Unrecognized States, rarely as CIS-2, is an international organization in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus of three breakaway states in the territory of the former Soviet Union, all of which have limited to no recognition from the international community.
See Caucasus and Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
Culture of Armenia
The culture of Armenia encompasses many elements that are based on the geography, literature, architecture, dance, and music of the Armenian people.
See Caucasus and Culture of Armenia
Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan mədəniyyəti) combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements which developed under the influence of Iranic, Turkic and Caucasian cultures.
See Caucasus and Culture of Azerbaijan
Culture of Georgia (country)
The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing it with a unique national identity and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian language and alphabet.
See Caucasus and Culture of Georgia (country)
Dagestan
Dagestan (Дагестан), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea.
Darevskia
Darevskia is a genus of wall lizards of the family Lacertidae.
David IV
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder (tr) (1073–1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.
Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically.
See Caucasus and Disjunct distribution
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
See Caucasus and Dissolution of the Soviet Union
DjVu
DjVu (like French "déjà vu") is a computer file format designed primarily to store scanned documents, especially those containing a combination of text, line drawings, indexed color images, and photographs.
Dmanisi hominins
The Dmanisi hominins, Dmanisi people, or Dmanisi man were a population of Early Pleistocene hominins whose fossils have been recovered at Dmanisi, Georgia.
See Caucasus and Dmanisi hominins
Dog breed
A dog breed is a particular type of dog that was purposefully bred by humans to perform specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, and guarding.
East European Plain
The East European Plain (also called the Russian Plain, "Extending from eastern Poland through the entire European Russia to the Ural Mountaina, the East European Plain encompasses all of the Baltic states and Belarus, nearly all of Ukraine, and much of the European portion of Russia and reaches north into Finland." — Britannica. Caucasus and east European Plain are eastern Europe.
See Caucasus and East European Plain
East Prigorodny conflict
The East Prigorodny conflict, also referred to as the Ossetian–Ingush conflict, was an inter-ethnic conflict within the Russian Federation, in the eastern part of the Prigorodny District in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, which started in 1989 and developed, in 1992, into a brief ethnic war between local Ingush and Ossetian paramilitary forces.
See Caucasus and East Prigorodny conflict
East Slavic languages
The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages.
See Caucasus and East Slavic languages
Eastern Armenia
Eastern Armenia (Արևելյան Հայաստան Arevelyan Hayastan) comprises the eastern part of the Armenian Highlands, the traditional homeland of the Armenian people.
See Caucasus and Eastern Armenia
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. Caucasus and Eastern Europe are regions of Europe.
See Caucasus and Eastern Europe
Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
See Caucasus and Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Partnership
The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is a joint initiative of the European Union, together with its member states, and six Eastern European countries. Caucasus and Eastern Partnership are eastern Europe.
See Caucasus and Eastern Partnership
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Caucasus and Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
See Caucasus and Encyclopædia Iranica
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species only being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
Energy
Energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.
Etymologiae
Etymologiae (Latin for 'Etymologies'), also known as the Origines ('Origins'), usually abbreviated Orig., is an etymological encyclopedia compiled by the influential Christian bishop Isidore of Seville towards the end of his life.
Eurasian Economic Union
The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU or EEU)EAEU is the acronym used on the.
See Caucasus and Eurasian Economic Union
Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
The EuroNest Parliamentary Assembly is the inter-parliamentary forum in which members of the European Parliament and the national parliaments of Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia participate and forge closer political and economic ties with the European Union.
See Caucasus and Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
European History Online
European History Online (Europäische Geschichte Online, EGO) is an academic website that publishes articles on the history of Europe between the period of 1450 and 1950 according to the principle of open access.
See Caucasus and European History Online
Federal districts of Russia
The federal districts (p) are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia.
See Caucasus and Federal districts of Russia
Ferdowsi
Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi (ابوالقاسمفردوسی توسی; 940 – 1019/1025), also Firdawsi or Ferdowsi (فردوسی), was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries.
First Chechen War
Chechen resistance against Russian imperialism has its origins from 1785 during the time of Sheikh Mansur, the first imam (leader) of the Caucasian peoples.
See Caucasus and First Chechen War
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from Turkey.
See Caucasus and First Nagorno-Karabakh War
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
See Caucasus and Georgia (country)
Georgian mythology
Georgian mythology (tr) refers to the mythology of pre-Christian Georgians (/kʌrtˈvɛliənz/; Georgian: ქართველები, romanized: kartvelebi, pronounced ˈkʰaɾtʰvelebi), an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia and the South Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Georgian mythology
Georgians
The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
Golden eagle
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere.
Golden Fleece
In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Golden-haired pelt) is the fleece of the golden-woolled, winged ram, Chrysomallos, that rescued Phrixus and brought him to Colchis, where Phrixus then sacrificed it to Zeus.
See Caucasus and Golden Fleece
Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
See Caucasus and Gothic language
Goths
The Goths (translit; Gothi, Gótthoi) were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.
Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
The Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia is an administration established by Georgia as the legal and only government of Abkhazia.
See Caucasus and Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
Government-in-exile
A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country.
See Caucasus and Government-in-exile
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GSE;, BSE) is the largest Soviet Russian-language encyclopedia, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990.
See Caucasus and Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains. Caucasus and Greater Caucasus are mountain ranges of Europe.
See Caucasus and Greater Caucasus
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.
See Caucasus and Greek mythology
Heidelberg
Heidelberg (Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.
History of Iran
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
See Caucasus and History of Iran
Hittite language
Hittite (𒌷𒉌𒅆𒇷|translit.
See Caucasus and Hittite language
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
Hominini
The Hominini (hominins) form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae (hominines).
Hooded crow
The hooded crow (Corvus cornix), also called the scald-crow or hoodie, is a Eurasian bird species in the genus Corvus.
Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.
See Caucasus and Indiana University Press
Indigenous language
An indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by its indigenous peoples.
See Caucasus and Indigenous language
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Caucasus and Indo-European languages
Ingush people
Ingush (translit, pronounced), historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern day North-Ossetia.
See Caucasus and Ingush people
Ingushetia
Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe.
Invertebrate
Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.
See Caucasus and Iranian peoples
Iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.
Isidore of Seville
Isidore of Seville (Isidorus Hispalensis; 4 April 636) was a Hispano-Roman scholar, theologian, and archbishop of Seville.
See Caucasus and Isidore of Seville
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Jason
Jason was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece is featured in Greek literature.
Javakheti Plateau
Javalkheti Plateau (ჯავახეთის პლატო) is a volcanic plateau within the Caucasus Mountains that covers the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey and Armenia.
See Caucasus and Javakheti Plateau
Jefferson, North Carolina
Jefferson is a town in and the county seat of Ashe County, North Carolina, United States.
See Caucasus and Jefferson, North Carolina
John Colarusso
John Colarusso is a linguist specializing in Caucasian languages.
See Caucasus and John Colarusso
Judea
Judea or Judaea (Ἰουδαία,; Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant.
Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Kabardino-Balkaria
Kalmyks
Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд,; Halimaguud; translit; archaically anglicised as Calmucks) are the only Mongolic-speaking people living in Europe, residing in the easternmost part of the European Plain.
Karachay-Balkar
Karachay–Balkar (Къарачай-Малкъар тил, Qaraçay-Malqar til), or Mountain Turkic (Таулу тил, page), is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia, European Russia, as well as by an immigrant population in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey.
See Caucasus and Karachay-Balkar
Karachay-Cherkessia
Karachay-Cherkessia (Karachayevo-Cherkesiya), officially the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Karachay-Cherkessia
Karachays
The Karachays or Karachai (Qaraçaylıla or таулула, tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are an indigenous North Caucasian-Turkic ethnic group native to the North Caucasus.
Kartvelian languages
The Kartvelian languages (tr; also known as South Caucasian, Kartvelic, and Iberian languagesBoeder (2002), p. 3) are a language family indigenous to the South Caucasus and spoken primarily in Georgia.
See Caucasus and Kartvelian languages
Khanates of the Caucasus
The khanates of the Caucasus, also known as the Azerbaijani khanates, Persian khanates, or Iranian Khanates, were various administrative units in the South Caucasus governed by a hereditary or appointed ruler under the official rule of Iran.
See Caucasus and Khanates of the Caucasus
Khazars
The Khazars were a nomadic Turkic people that, in the late 6th-century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan.
Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior) sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.
See Caucasus and Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Kingdom of Georgia
The Kingdom of Georgia (Georgian: ⴑⴀⴕⴀⴐⴇⴅⴄⴊⴍⴑ ⴑⴀⴋⴄⴔⴍ), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in AD.
See Caucasus and Kingdom of Georgia
Kingdom of Iberia
In Greco-Roman geography, Iberia (Ancient Greek: Ἰβηρία Iberia; Hiberia; Parthian:; Middle Persian) was an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli (ႵႠႰႧႪႨ), known after its core province, which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages was a significant monarchy in the Caucasus, either as an independent state or as a dependent of larger empires, notably the Sassanid and Roman empires.
See Caucasus and Kingdom of Iberia
Kingdom of Syunik
Kingdom of Syunik (Սյունիքի թագաորություն), also known as the Kingdom of Baghk and sometimes as the Kingdom of Kapan, was a medieval dependent Armenian kingdom // Encyclopædia Iranica "In 1162, eastern Armenia was attacked by the atabeg Īldegoz of Azerbaijan.
See Caucasus and Kingdom of Syunik
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (Տաշիր-Ձորագետի Թագավորություն Tashir-Dzorageti t'agavorut'yun), alternatively known as the Kingdom of Lori or Kiurikian Kingdom by later historians, was a medieval Armenian kingdom formed in the year 979 by the Kiurikian dynasty, a branch of the Bagratuni dynasty, as a vassal kingdom of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia.
See Caucasus and Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
Krasnaya Polyana (p; Гәбаадәы, Gwbaadwy; Ӏаткъуадж, ‘atquaj) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug, which is under the administrative jurisdiction of Adlersky City District of the City of Sochi in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.
See Caucasus and Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai (Krasnodarskiy kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of the Southern Federal District.
See Caucasus and Krasnodar Krai
Kuma–Manych Depression
The Kuma–Manych depression (Kumo–Manychskaya vpadina), is a geological depression in southwestern Russia that separates the Russian Plain to the north from Ciscaucasia to the south.
See Caucasus and Kuma–Manych Depression
Kumyk language
Kumyk (къумукъ тил,L. S. Levitskaya, "Kumyk language", in Languages of the world. Turkic languages (1997). qumuq til, قموق تیل) is a Turkic language spoken by about 426,212 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation.
See Caucasus and Kumyk language
Kura (river)
The Kura is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea.
Kura–Araxes culture
The Kura–Araxes culture (also named Kur–Araz culture, Mtkvari–Araxes culture, Early Transcaucasian culture) was an archaeological culture that existed from about 4000 BC until about 2000 BC, which has traditionally been regarded as the date of its end; in some locations it may have disappeared as early as 2600 or 2700 BC.
See Caucasus and Kura–Araxes culture
Kurds
Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.
Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
See Caucasus and Language family
Language Log
Language Log is a collaborative language blog maintained by Mark Liberman, a phonetician at the University of Pennsylvania.
Languages of the Caucasus
The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
See Caucasus and Languages of the Caucasus
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
See Caucasus and Last Glacial Period
Latvian language
Latvian (latviešu valoda), also known as Lettish, is an East Baltic language belonging to the Indo-European language family.
See Caucasus and Latvian language
Lazica
Kingdom of Lazica (ႤႢႰႨႱႨ, Egrisi; ლაზიკა, Laziǩa; Λαζική, Lazikí), also known as Lazian Empire, was the state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman-Byzantine period, from about the 1st century BC.
Leibniz Institute of European History
The Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz, Germany, is an independent, public research institute that carries out and promotes historical research on the foundations of Europe in the early and late Modern period.
See Caucasus and Leibniz Institute of European History
Lesser Caucasus
The Lesser Caucasus or Lesser Caucasus Mountains, also called Caucasus Minor, is the second of the two main ranges of the Caucasus Mountains, of length about.
See Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus
Lignite
Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Caucasus and Lingua franca
List of dishes from the Caucasus
The following dishes and beverages are part of the cuisine of the Caucasus, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and North Caucasus.
See Caucasus and List of dishes from the Caucasus
List of states with limited recognition
A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such.
See Caucasus and List of states with limited recognition
List of transcontinental countries
This is a list of countries with territory that straddles more than one continent, known as transcontinental states or intercontinental states.
See Caucasus and List of transcontinental countries
Lithuanian language
Lithuanian is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Caucasus and Lithuanian language
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction.
See Caucasus and McFarland & Company
Medea
In Greek mythology, Medea (translit) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis.
Medes
The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).
Meskhetian Turks
Meskhetian Turks, also referred to as Turkish Meskhetians, Ahiska Turks, and Turkish Ahiskans, (მესხეთის თურქები Meskhetis turk'ebi) are a subgroup of ethnic Turkish people formerly inhabiting the Meskheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey.
See Caucasus and Meskhetian Turks
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Caucasus and Mesopotamia are regions of Asia.
Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.
See Caucasus and Middle Persian
Mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.
Minke whale
The minke whale, or lesser rorqual, is a species complex of baleen whale.
Mongol invasions and conquests
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia.
See Caucasus and Mongol invasions and conquests
Mount Elbrus
Mount Elbrus is the highest mountain in Russia and Europe.
Mount Qaf
Mount Qaf, or Qaf-Kuh, also spelled Cafcuh and Kafkuh (قافکوه), or Jabal Qaf, also spelled Djebel Qaf (جبل قاف), or Koh-i-Qaf, also spelled Koh-Qaf and Kuh-i-Qaf or Kuh-e Qaf (کوہ قاف) is a legendary mountain in the popular mythology of the Middle East.
Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia, also called the Muslim conquest of Iran, the Arab conquest of Persia, or the Arab conquest of Iran, was a major military campaign undertaken by the Rashidun Caliphate between 632 and 654.
See Caucasus and Muslim conquest of Persia
Nabataean Kingdom
The Nabataean Kingdom (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈 Nabāṭū), also named Nabatea, was a political state of the Nabataeans during classical antiquity.
See Caucasus and Nabataean Kingdom
Nakh languages
The Nakh languages are a group of languages within the Northeast Caucasian family, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Nakh languages
Nakh peoples
The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities.
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
See Caucasus and Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Nart saga
The Nart sagas (Abkhaz: Нарҭаа ражәабжьқәа; Nartaa raƶuabƶkua; translit; translit) are a series of tales originating from the North Caucasus.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
Natural barrier
A natural barrier is a physical feature that protects or hinders travel through or over.
See Caucasus and Natural barrier
Natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.
See Caucasus and Natural History (Pliny)
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt. Caucasus and Near East are regions of Asia.
North Caucasian Federal District
The North Caucasian Federal District (p) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.
See Caucasus and North Caucasian Federal District
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia. Caucasus and North Caucasus are eastern Europe.
See Caucasus and North Caucasus
Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East.
See Caucasus and Northeast Caucasian languages
Northwest Caucasian languages
The Northwest Caucasian languages, also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, Abkhazo-Circassian, Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages, is a family of languages spoken in the northwestern Caucasus region,Hoiberg, Dale H. (2010) chiefly in three Russian republics (Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia), the disputed territory of Abkhazia, Georgia, and Turkey, with smaller communities scattered throughout the Middle East.
See Caucasus and Northwest Caucasian languages
Old East Slavic
Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages.
See Caucasus and Old East Slavic
Ossetian language
Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (iron ӕvzag southern; northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus.
See Caucasus and Ossetian language
Ossetians
The Ossetians (or; Ossetic), also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains.
Otto Schrader (philologist)
Otto Schrader (born 28 March 1855 in Weimar; died 21 March 1919 in Breslau) was a German philologist best known for his work on the history of German and Proto-Indo-European vocabulary dealing with various aspects of material culture, such as the names of domesticated plants and animals, the names of the metals, etc.
See Caucasus and Otto Schrader (philologist)
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Caucasus and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks (Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group.
See Caucasus and Ottoman Turks
Ovid
Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Caucasus and Oxford University Press
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
Panthera pardus tulliana
Panthera pardus tulliana, also called Anatolian leopard, Persian leopard and Caucasian leopard in different parts of its range, is a leopard subspecies that was first described in 1856 based on a zoological specimen found in western Anatolia.
See Caucasus and Panthera pardus tulliana
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
Parthia
Parthia (𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅Parθaw; 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran.
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Caucasus and Parthian Empire
Paul Kretschmer
Paul Kretschmer (2 May 1866 – 9 March 1956) was a German linguist who studied the earliest history and interrelations of the Indo-European languages and showed how they were influenced by non-Indo-European languages, such as Etruscan.
See Caucasus and Paul Kretschmer
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
See Caucasus and PDF
Pelasgians
The name Pelasgians (Pelasgoí, singular: Πελασγός Pelasgós) was used by Classical Greek writers to refer either to the predecessors of the Greeks, or to all the inhabitants of Greece before the emergence of the Greeks.
Persian mythology
Iranian mythology, or Persian mythology in western term (اسطورهشناسی ایرانی), is the body of the myths originally told by ancient Persians and other Iranian peoples and a genre of ancient Persian folklore.
See Caucasus and Persian mythology
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Philology
Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources.
Pkharmat
Pkharmat (lit) is a legendary hero of the Vainakh people who stole fire for mankind, thus allowing them to forge metal, cook food, and light their homes, and uniting the people into a nation.
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Caucasus and Pliny the Elder
Polyphemus
Polyphemus (Polyphēmos,; Polyphēmus) is the one-eyed giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Homer's Odyssey.
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
From 1930 to 1952, the government of the Soviet Union, on the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin under the direction of the NKVD official Lavrentiy Beria, forcibly transferred populations of various groups.
See Caucasus and Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
See Caucasus and Post-Soviet states
Primary Chronicle
The Russian Primary Chronicle, commonly shortened to Primary Chronicle (translit, commonly transcribed Povest' vremennykh let (PVL)), is a chronicle of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110.
See Caucasus and Primary Chronicle
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Caucasus and Princeton University Press
Principality of Khachen
The Principality of Khachen (Modern Armenian: Khach’eni ishkhanut’yun) was a medieval Armenian principality on the territory of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh).
See Caucasus and Principality of Khachen
Prometheism
Prometheism or Prometheanism (Polish: Prometeizm) was a political project initiated by Józef Piłsudski, a principal statesman of the Second Polish Republic from 1918 to 1935.
Prometheus
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (possibly meaning "forethought")Smith,.
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.
See Caucasus and Qajar dynasty
Regions of Europe
Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors.
See Caucasus and Regions of Europe
Relict (biology)
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past.
See Caucasus and Relict (biology)
Rioni
The Rioni (რიონი) is the main river of western Georgia.
Robert's snow vole
Robert's snow vole (Chionomys roberti) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
See Caucasus and Robert's snow vole
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman–Persian Wars
The Roman–Persian Wars, also known as the Roman–Iranian Wars, were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian.
See Caucasus and Roman–Persian Wars
Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort
Rosa Khutor |position.
See Caucasus and Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort
Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (p) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District.
See Caucasus and Rostov Oblast
Runivers
Runivers (Руниверс) is a site devoted to Russian culture and history.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
See Caucasus and Russian Civil War
Russian conquest of the Caucasus
The Russian conquest of the Caucasus mainly occurred between 1800 and 1864.
See Caucasus and Russian conquest of the Caucasus
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Caucasus and Russian Empire
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Caucasus and Russian language
Russo-Georgian War
The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia.
See Caucasus and Russo-Georgian War
Russo-Persian Wars
The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars (translit) were a series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828, concerning Persia and the Russian Empire.
See Caucasus and Russo-Persian Wars
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.
See Caucasus and Saint Petersburg
Saoshyant
Saoshyant (𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬝 saoš́iiaṇt̰) is an Avestan-language term that literally means "one who brings benefit", and which is used in several different ways in Zoroastrian scripture and tradition.
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Caucasus and Sasanian Empire
Satanaya
Satanaya (Ubykh; Satana) is a mythological figure who appears in many cycles of the Nart sagas of the North Caucasus.
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. Caucasus and Scandinavia are regions of Europe.
Scythia
Scythia (Scythian: Skulatā; Old Persian: Skudra; Ancient Greek: Skuthia; Latin: Scythia) or Scythica (Ancient Greek: Skuthikē; Latin: Scythica), also known as Pontic Scythia, was a kingdom created by the Scythians during the 6th to 3rd centuries BC in the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Scythian languages
The Scythian languages (or or) are a group of Eastern Iranic languages of the classical and late antique period (the Middle Iranic period), spoken in a vast region of Eurasia by the populations belonging to the Scythian cultures and their descendants.
See Caucasus and Scythian languages
Second Chechen War
The Second Chechen War is also known as the Second Chechen Campaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния) or the Second Russian Invasion of Chechnya from the Chechen insurgents' point of view.
See Caucasus and Second Chechen War
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories.
See Caucasus and Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Shahdag Mountain Resort
Shahdagh Mountain Resort is Azerbaijan's first and largest winter resort.
See Caucasus and Shahdag Mountain Resort
Shahnameh
The Shahnameh (lit), also transliterated Shahnama, is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.
Shapi Kaziev
Shapi Magomedovitch Kaziev (Шапи́ Магомедович Кази́ев; 27 March 1956 – 20 March 2020) was a Russian writer, playwright and script writer.
Shepherd
A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
Simurgh
The simurgh (سیمرغ, also spelled senmurv, simorgh, simorg, simurg, simoorg, simorq or simourv) is a benevolent bird in Persian mythology and literature.
Sosruko
Sosruko, Sosruquo, or Sosriqwa, Soslan (Сослан, Soslan; Сосрыкъуэ, Sosryqwa; Sosuruq/Sosurqa) is a central character in many cycles of the Nart sagas of the North Caucasus.
South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. Caucasus and south Caucasus are eastern Europe, regions of Asia, regions of Europe and west Asia.
See Caucasus and South Caucasus
South Ossetia
South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus.
See Caucasus and South Ossetia
Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District (p) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.
See Caucasus and Southern Federal District
Southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia (p) is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia generally covering the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Federal District.
See Caucasus and Southern Russia
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk.
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
See Caucasus and State religion
Stavropol Krai
Stavropol Krai (p), also known as Stavropolye (p), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia.
See Caucasus and Stavropol Krai
Strasbourg
Strasbourg (Straßburg) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France, at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace.
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar the Great (tr,; 1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age.
See Caucasus and Tamar of Georgia
Tbilisi
Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Caucasus and The World Factbook
Tigranes the Great
Tigranes II, more commonly known as Tigranes the Great (Tigran Mets in Armenian; Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας,; Tigranes Magnus; 140 – 55 BC), was a king of Armenia.
See Caucasus and Tigranes the Great
Tlepsh
Tlepsh (Adyghe Лъэпш) is a mythological figure who appears (as a blacksmith and also a powerful leader) in some cycles of the Nart sagas of the Caucasus, in which his Ossetian counterpart is the smith Kurdalægon.
Togarmah
Togarmah (Hebrew: Tōgarmā, Թորգոմ Torgom, თარგამოსი Targamosi) is a figure in the "table of nations" in Genesis 10, the list of descendants of Noah that represents the peoples known to the ancient Hebrews.
Tourism in Armenia
Tourism in Armenia has been a key sector to the Armenian economy since the 1990s when tourist numbers exceeded half a million people visiting the country every year (mostly ethnic Armenians from the Diaspora).
See Caucasus and Tourism in Armenia
Tourism in Azerbaijan
Tourism in Azerbaijan has been an important sector of the Azerbaijani economy since the 1990s.
See Caucasus and Tourism in Azerbaijan
Tourism in Georgia (country)
Tourism in Georgia is an increasingly important component of the country's economy.
See Caucasus and Tourism in Georgia (country)
Tourism in Russia
Tourism in Russia plummeted in 2022.
See Caucasus and Tourism in Russia
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; 22 April – 28 May 1918) was a short-lived state in the Caucasus that included most of the territory of the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as parts of Russia and Turkey.
See Caucasus and Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, or simply Transcaucasia, was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936.
See Caucasus and Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Treaty of Gulistan
The Treaty of Gulistan (also spelled Golestan: translit; translit) was a peace treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (now in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War (1804 to 1813).
See Caucasus and Treaty of Gulistan
Treaty of Turkmenchay
The Treaty of Turkmenchay (translit; translit) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828).
See Caucasus and Treaty of Turkmenchay
Tsaghkadzor ski resort
Tsaghkadzor Ski Resort, is a sports and tourists facilities located just above the Armenian town of Tsaghkadzor of Kotayk Province, approximately 60 km north east of the capital Yerevan and the Zvartnots International Airport.
See Caucasus and Tsaghkadzor ski resort
Tungsten
Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74.
Turco–Mongol tradition
The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an ethnocultural synthesis that arose in Asia during the 14th century among the ruling elites of the Golden Horde and the Chagatai Khanate.
See Caucasus and Turco–Mongol tradition
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.
See Caucasus and Turkic languages
Turkish–Armenian War
The Turkish–Armenian War (Հայ-թուրքական պատերազմ), known in Turkey as the Eastern Front (Doğu Cephesi) of the Turkish War of Independence, was a conflict between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish National Movement following the collapse of the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920.
See Caucasus and Turkish–Armenian War
UTC+03:00
UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00.
UTC+03:30
GMT+03:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:30.
UTC+04:00
UTC+04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +04:00.
Vahakn Dadrian
Vahakn Norair Dadrian (Վահագն Տատրեան; 26 May 1926 – 2 August 2019) was an Armenian-American sociologist and historian, born in Turkey, professor of sociology, historian, and an expert on the Armenian genocide.
See Caucasus and Vahakn Dadrian
Vincent Evans
Sir William Vincent John Evans (20 October 1915 – 18 May 2007) was a British diplomat and international lawyer, who served as Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of the United Kingdom from 1980 to 1991.
See Caucasus and Vincent Evans
War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
The War in Abkhazia was fought between Georgian government forces for the most part and Abkhaz separatist forces, Russian government armed forces and North Caucasian militants between 1992 and 1993.
See Caucasus and War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia. Caucasus and west Asia are regions of Asia.
Western Caucasus
The Western Caucasus is a western region of the North Caucasus in Southern Russia, extending from the Black Sea to Mount Elbrus.
See Caucasus and Western Caucasus
Wolf
The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Caucasus and Yale University Press
Zeus
Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion and mythology, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus.
Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
Zoroaster
Zarathushtra Spitama more commonly known as Zoroaster or Zarathustra, was an Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the contemporary Ancient Iranian religion, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism.
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.
See Caucasus and Zoroastrianism
2015 European Games
The 2015 European Games, also known as Baku 2015 or Baku 2015 European Games (Bakı 2015 Avropa Oyunları), were the inaugural edition of the European Games, an international multi-sport event for athletes representing the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the European Olympic Committees.
See Caucasus and 2015 European Games
2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship
The 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship was the tenth annual international rugby union competition for Under 20 national teams.
See Caucasus and 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship
See also
Eastern Europe
- Baltic region
- Bucharest Nine
- Carpathians
- Caucasus
- Caucasus Mountains
- Central and Eastern Europe
- Communist nostalgia
- Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries
- Craiova Group
- Cyrillic script
- East Art Map
- East European Plain
- Eastern Carpathians
- Eastern Europe
- Eastern Partnership
- Economic Forum (in Poland)
- Eurasian Steppe
- European Russia
- Gender roles in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe
- History of Eastern Europe
- Intermarium
- La Strada International Association
- List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Eastern Europe
- List of World Heritage Sites in Eastern Europe
- Makitra
- Makohin
- N-ost
- North Caucasus
- Renovabis
- Russian-occupied territories in Georgia
- South Caucasus
- Southeast Europe
- Southeastern Europe
- Three Seas Initiative
Mountain ranges of Europe
- Šar Mountains
- Šumadija mountains
- Accursed Mountains
- Alps
- Ardennes and Eifel
- Balkan mountains
- Bohemian Forest
- Bohemian Massif
- Cantabrian Mountains
- Carpathian Mountains
- Carpathians
- Caucasus
- Caucasus Mountains
- Central Pangean Mountains
- Dinaric Alps
- Gardunha
- Greater Caucasus
- Haemus Mons
- High Fens
- Hornbach chain
- Hundsheimer Berge
- Jakupica range
- Kverkfjöll
- Main Caucasian Range
- Melle Hills
- Nephin Beg Range
- Pyrenees
- Salzburg Slate Alps
- Scandinavian Mountains
- Seetal Alps
- Sengsengebirge mountains
- Southern Ural
- Stari Vlah-Raška mountains
- Strandzha
- Swiss Alps
- Upper Palatine Forest
- Ural Mountains
West Asia
- Abkhazia
- Arab world
- Arabian Peninsula
- Belad Bechara
- Caucasus
- Caucasus Mountains
- Economy of West Asia
- Greater Iran
- History of West Asia
- History of the Caucasus
- Indian Ocean
- Iraqi diaspora in West Asia
- Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip
- Israeli-occupied territories
- Kurdistan
- List of World Heritage Sites in Western Asia
- List of television stations in West Asia
- Menaca
- Middle East
- Palestinian territories
- Sinai Peninsula
- South Caucasus
- Sunni Triangle
- West Asia
- West Asian Athletics Championships
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus
Also known as Caucase, Caucasia (geographic region), Caucasian folklore, Caucasian isthmus, Caucasus (geographic region), Caucasus Region, Comparison of Greek and Caucasian folklore, Demographics of the Caucasus, Folklore of the Caucasus, Kaukasus, The Caucasian countries, The Caucasus, , Кавказ.
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