China & Hangzhou - Unionpedia, the concept map

Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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C9 League

The C9 League (Chinese) is an inter-university seminar composed of nine public universities in China.

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Chengdu

Chengdu is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan.

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary

A Party Committee Secretary is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative unit.

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Chinese cuisine

Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.

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Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s united front system.

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COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989.

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East China

East China is a geographical region that covers the eastern coastal area of China.

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Economist Intelligence Unit

The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval and division in Imperial China from 907 to 979.

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Fortune Global 500

The Fortune Global 500, also known as Global 500, is an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue.

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Global Financial Centres Index

The Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) is a ranking of the competitiveness of financial centres based on over 29,000 financial centre assessments from an online questionnaire together with over 100 indices from organisations such as the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Economist Intelligence Unit.

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Grand Canal (China)

The Grand Canal is a system of interconnected canals linking various major rivers in North and East China, serving as an important waterborne transport infrastructure between the north and the south during Medieval and premodern China.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.

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Guangxi

Guangxi, officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Intellectual property in China

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in China since 1980.

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Islam in China

Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234 founded by Emperor Taizu (first).

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Jin–Song wars

The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279).

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Kaifeng

Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

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Liao dynasty

The Liao dynasty (Khitan: Mos Jælud), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), officially the Great Liao, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.

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List of cities in China by population

As of 2023, the five largest cities in China by population are Chongqing (31.91 million), Shanghai (24.87 million), Beijing (21.86 million), Chengdu (21.403 million) and Guangzhou (18.827 million).

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List of countries by GDP (nominal)

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.

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Macau

Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Mainland China

Mainland China is the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Nanjing

Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing is also considered a Beta (global second-tier) city classification, together with Chongqing, Hangzhou and Tianjin by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the Global Financial Centres Index. By 2021, Nanjing has 68 institutions of higher learning, including 13 double-first-class universities, ten 111-plan universities, eight 211 universities, and 97 academies. Nanjing has many highly ranked educational institutions, with the number of universities (13) listed in 147 Double First-Class Universities ranking third (after Beijing and Shanghai),100 National Key Universities are universities of Project 211 whose name comes from the abbreviation of 100 national key universities in the 21st century. There are 8 universities listed in Project 211 in Nanjing, 9 in Shanghai, and 23 in Beijing. According to Nature Index released in January 2018, Nanjing University is listed as one of the world top 10 universities. including Nanjing University, which has a long history and is among the world's top 20 universities ranked by Nature Index. The ratio of college students to the total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing has the sixth-largest scientific research output of any city in the world. As of 2023, it has been ranked as the world's top second scientific research center in earth & environmental sciences and the world's top third scientific research center in chemistry, according to the Nature Index."It will come as no surprise that the top performing Chinese cities in the Nature Index are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. All three are significant players economically and politically, Beijing and Shanghai particularly.... As the capital of the wealthy eastern coastal province of Jiangsu, Nanjing is located in a region rich in economic and technological activity...." – from "Three giants tighten their grip", Nature 528, S176–S178 (December 17, 2015) Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters.Rita Yi Man Li,, Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal. 1:3–4. 2009. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317 to 589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421); and the Republic of China under the nationalist Kuomintang (1927–37, 1946–49) before its flight to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered severe atrocities in both conflicts, most notably the Nanjing massacre of 1937. Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Jiangsu Art Museum.

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Northern and southern China

Northern China and Southern China are two approximate regions within China.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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People's Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China.

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Provinces of China

Provinces (p) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Qin Shi Huang

Qin Shi Huang (February 25912 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

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Renminbi

The renminbi (symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB), also known as Chinese Yuan is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shenzhen

Shenzhen is a city and special economic zone on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, bordering Hong Kong to the south, Dongguan to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, and Macau to the southwest.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.

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Standard Chinese

Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).

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State Council of the People's Republic of China

The State Council of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Central People's Government, is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China.

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Suzhou

Suzhou (Suzhounese: ''sou¹ tseu¹'', Mandarin), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major prefecture-level city in Jiangsu province, China.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

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Time in China

The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00 (eight hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time) based on the National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mount Li, Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, even though the country spans five geographical time zones.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD; also abbreviated US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries.

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Varieties of Chinese

There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

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World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

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Wu Chinese

Wu (Wu romanization and IPA:ngu ngei, (Shanghainese), (Suzhounese), Mandarin) is a major group of Sinitic languages spoken primarily in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and the part of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, which makes up the cultural region of Wu.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Mongolian:, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its ''de facto'' division.

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Zhejiang cuisine

Zhejiang cuisine, alternatively known as Zhe cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.

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2020 Chinese census

The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.

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