Chinese alchemy, the Glossary
Chinese alchemy is a historical Chinese approach to alchemy, a pseudoscience.[1]
Table of Contents
76 relations: Alchemy, Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world, Arsenic, Asparagus, Bao Gu, Base metal, Camphor, Canonical form, Cantong qi, Chen Weiming (scholar), Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning, Chinese alchemy, Chinese herbology, Cinnabar, Cold-Food Powder, Dantian, Daozang, Elixir, Emperor Wu of Han, Extraction (chemistry), Fang (alchemist), Ganoderma, Ge Hong, Gold, Hunan, I Ching, Immortality, Jing (Chinese medicine), Langgan, Laozi, Lead, Lingzhi (mushroom), Liu Xiang (scholar), Master Geng, Mercury (element), Moon, Neidan, Neijia, Noble metal, Nuclear transmutation, Obed Simon Johnson, Ore, Pharmacy, Pill of Immortality, Pine, Precious metal, Processing (Chinese materia medica), Pseudoscience, Qi, Qigong, ... Expand index (26 more) »
- Ancient Chinese science
Alchemy
Alchemy (from Arabic: al-kīmiyā; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, khumeía) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practised in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe.
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Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world
Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world refers to both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by Muslim scholars in the medieval Islamic world.
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Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and the atomic number 33.
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Asparagus
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus native to Eurasia.
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Bao Gu
Bao Gu, 4th-century, also known as Pao Ku Ko), was a Chinese Taoist physician. She was the daughter of accomplished Taoist practitioner and governor Bao Jing, and the wife of Ge Hong, who is the author of Baopuzi. She is also known as one of the famous four female physicians in Chinese history, along with Zhang Xiaoniang of Northern Song dynasty, Yi Xu of the Western Han dynasty, and Tan Yunxian, who was active during the Ming dynasty.
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A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver.
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Camphor
Camphor is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.
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Canonical form
In mathematics and computer science, a canonical, normal, or standard form of a mathematical object is a standard way of presenting that object as a mathematical expression.
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Cantong qi
The Cantong qi is deemed to be the earliest book on alchemy in China.
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Chen Weiming (scholar)
Chen Weiming (1881–1958) was a scholar, tai chi teacher, and author.
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Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning
In Chinese alchemy, elixir poisoning refers to the toxic effects from elixirs of immortality that contained metals and minerals such as mercury and arsenic.
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Chinese alchemy
Chinese alchemy is a historical Chinese approach to alchemy, a pseudoscience. Chinese alchemy and Chinese alchemy are ancient Chinese science.
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Chinese herbology
Chinese herbology is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Cinnabar
Cinnabar, or cinnabarite, also known as mercurblende is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS).
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Cold-Food Powder
Cold-Food Powder or Five Minerals Powder was a poisonous psychoactive drug popular during the Six Dynasties (220–589) and Tang dynasty (618–907) periods of China.
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Dantian
Dantian is a concept in traditional Chinese medicine loosely translated as "elixir field", "sea of qi", or simply "energy center".
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Daozang
The Daozang is a large canon of Taoist writings, consisting of around 1,400 texts that were seen as continuing traditions first embodied by the Daodejing, Zhuangzi, and Liezi.
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Elixir
An elixir is a sweet liquid used for medical purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's illness.
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Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han (156 – 29 March 87BC), born Liu Che and courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty from 141 to 87 BC. His reign lasted 54 years – a record not broken until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor more than 1,800 years later – and remains the record for ethnic Han emperors.
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Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix.
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Fang (alchemist)
Fang, was a Chinese scientist and alchemist who lived during the first century B.C during the Han dynasty.
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Ganoderma
Ganoderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae that includes about 80 species, many from tropical regions.
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Ge Hong
Ge Hong (b. 283 – d. 343 or 364), courtesy name Zhichuan (稚川), was a Chinese linguist, philosopher, physician, politician, and writer during the Eastern Jin dynasty.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
Hunan
Hunan is an inland province of China.
I Ching
The I Ching or Yijing, usually translated Book of Changes or Classic of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divination text that is among the oldest of the Chinese classics.
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Immortality
Immortality is the concept of eternal life.
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Jing (Chinese medicine)
Jing (p) is the Chinese word for "essence", specifically Kidney essence.
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Langgan
Langgan is the ancient Chinese name of a gemstone which remains an enigma in the history of mineralogy; it has been identified, variously, as blue-green malachite, blue coral, white coral, whitish chalcedony, red spinel, and red jade.
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Laozi
Laozi (老子), also romanized as Lao Tzu and various other ways, was a semi-legendary ancient Chinese philosopher, author of the Tao Te Ching, the foundational text of Taoism along with the Zhuangzi.
Lead
Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
Lingzhi (mushroom)
Lingzhi, Ganoderma sichuanense, also known as reishi or Ganoderma lingzhi is a polypore fungus ("bracket fungus") native to East Asia belonging to the genus Ganoderma.
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Liu Xiang (scholar)
Liu Xiang (77–6BCE), born Liu Gengsheng and bearing the courtesy name Zizheng, was a Chinese astronomer, historian, librarian, poet, politician, and writer of the Western Han dynasty.
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Master Geng
Master Geng was a Chinese alchemist.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
Neidan
Neidan, or internal alchemy, is an array of esoteric doctrines and physical, mental, and spiritual practices that Taoist initiates use to prolong life and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death.
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Neijia
Neijia (內家) is the collective name for the internal Chinese martial arts.
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A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic chemical element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form.
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Nuclear transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element.
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Obed Simon Johnson
Obed Simon Johnson (May 5, 1881 – October 12, 1970) was an American academic, chaplain, congregational missionary and student of Chinese culture and history, known for A Study of Chinese Alchemy, which attributes the origin of alchemy to ancient China, rather than Greco-Egyptians 500 years later.
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Ore
Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals concentrated above background levels, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines.
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Pill of Immortality
The Pill of Immortality, also known as xiandan (仙丹), (金丹) or (丹) in general, was an elixir or pill sought by Chinese alchemists to confer physical or spiritual immortality.
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Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements of high economic value.
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Processing (Chinese materia medica)
Processing in Chinese materia medica (Chinese herbology) is the technique of altering the properties, sterilizing and removing poisons of crude medicines by processing using heat and combination with various materials in a kind of alchemical approach to preparation.
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Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
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Qi
In the Sinosphere, qi is traditionally believed to be a vital force part of all living entities.
Qigong
Qigong, is a system of coordinated body-posture and movement, breathing, and meditation said to be useful for the purposes of health, spirituality, and martial arts training.
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Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huang (February 25912 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China.
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Realgar
Realgar, also known as ″arsenic blende″, ″ruby sulphur″ or ″ruby of arsenic″, is an arsenic sulfide mineral with the chemical formula α-.
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Reynoutria multiflora
Reynoutria multiflora (syn. Fallopia multiflora and Polygonum multiflorum) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae native to central and southern China.
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Rhinoceros
A rhinoceros (rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae; it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.
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Sesame
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is a plant in the genus Sesamum, also called simsim, benne or gingelly.
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Shen (Chinese religion)
Shen is a Chinese word with senses of deity, god or spirit.
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Sichuan
Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south.
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Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China.
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A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet.
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Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
Sun Bu'er
Sun Bu'er (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen, lived c. 1119–1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China.
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Tao
In various Chinese religions and philosophies, the Tao or Dao is the natural lessons of the universe that one's intuition must discern to realize the potential for individual wisdom and spiritual growth, as conceived in the context of East Asian philosophy, religion, and related traditions. This seeing of life cannot be grasped as a concept.
Taoist diet
While there are many historical and modern schools of Taoism with different teachings on the subject, many Taoist priests regard their diet as extremely important to their physical, mental and spiritual health in one way or another, especially where the amount of qi in the food is concerned.
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The Secret of the Golden Flower
The Secret of the Golden Flower is a Chinese Taoist book on neidan (inner alchemy) meditation, which also mixes Buddhist teachings with some Confucian thoughts.
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Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
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Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China.
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Waidan
, translated as 'external alchemy' or 'external elixir', is the early branch of Chinese alchemy that focuses upon compounding elixirs of immortality by heating minerals, metals, and other natural substances in a luted crucible.
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Wu Zhou
Zhou, known in historiography as the Wu Zhou, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that existed between 690 and 705.
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Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)
(五行|p.
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Xian (Taoism)
A xian is any manner of immortal, mythical being within the Taoist pantheon or Chinese folklore.
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Yellow Court Classic
The Yellow Court Classic, a Chinese Daoist meditation text, was received from an unknown source by Wei Huacun, one of the founders of the Shangqing School, in 288 CE.
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Yin and yang
Yin and yang, also yinyang or yin-yang, is a concept that originated in Chinese philosophy, describing an opposite but interconnected, self-perpetuating cycle.
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Zhang Daoling
Zhang Ling (traditionally 22 February 34–10 October 156), courtesy name Fuhan, was a Chinese religious leader who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty credited with founding the Way of the Celestial Masters sect of Taoism, which is also known as the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice, and he is credited as being the founder of Taoism in legend.
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Zhuang Zhou
Zhuang Zhou, commonly known as Zhuangzi (literally "Master Zhuang"; also rendered in the Wade–Giles romanization as Chuang Tzu), was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States period, a period of great development in Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought.
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Zou Yan
Zou Yan (305 BC240 BC) was a Chinese philosopher and spiritual writer of Warring States-era.
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See also
Ancient Chinese science
- Chinese alchemy
- Science and technology of the Han dynasty
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_alchemy
Also known as Li Shao Yun, Shen Yu Hsiu, Taoist alchemy, Thai Hsuan Nu.
, Qin Shi Huang, Realgar, Reynoutria multiflora, Rhinoceros, Sesame, Shen (Chinese religion), Sichuan, Sinology, Soxhlet extractor, Sulfur, Sun, Sun Bu'er, Tao, Taoist diet, The Secret of the Golden Flower, Theology, Traditional Chinese medicine, Waidan, Wu Zhou, Wuxing (Chinese philosophy), Xian (Taoism), Yellow Court Classic, Yin and yang, Zhang Daoling, Zhuang Zhou, Zou Yan.