Cilium, the Glossary
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.[1]
Table of Contents
116 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Allosteric regulation, Alström syndrome, Animal embryonic development, Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, Archaea, Aurora kinase A, Axon, Axonal transport, Axoneme, Bacteria, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Basal body, Beta cell, Bilateria, Biofilm, Brain, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cell (biology), Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, CEP164, CEP170, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chemoreceptor, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Choroid plexus, Ciliate, Ciliogenesis, Ciliopathy, Cilium, Congenital heart defect, Cystic fibrosis, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Cytoskeleton, Drosophila melanogaster, Dynein, Ectopic pregnancy, Egg cell, Ependyma, Epigenetics, Epithelial sodium channel, Epithelium, Eukaryote, Eyelash, Eyelid, Fallopian tube, Flagellum, G protein-coupled receptor, G1 phase, ... Expand index (66 more) »
- Cell movement
- Eukaryotic cell anatomy
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Cilium and Adenosine triphosphate
Allosteric regulation
In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.
See Cilium and Allosteric regulation
Alström syndrome
Alström syndrome (AS), also called Alström–Hallgren syndrome, is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by childhood obesity and multiple organ dysfunction.
See Cilium and Alström syndrome
Animal embryonic development
In developmental biology, animal embryonic development, also known as animal embryogenesis, is the developmental stage of an animal embryo.
See Cilium and Animal embryonic development
Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis
Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, or simply anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), is a failure of the normal development of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye.
See Cilium and Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
Aurora kinase A
Aurora kinase A also known as serine/threonine-protein kinase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AURKA gene.
See Cilium and Aurora kinase A
Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body.
See Cilium and Axon
Axonal transport
Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is a cellular process responsible for movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other organelles to and from a neuron's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm.
See Cilium and Axonal transport
Axoneme
In molecular biology, an axoneme, also called an axial filament, is the microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure that forms the core of a cilium or flagellum. Cilium and axoneme are eukaryotic cell anatomy and organelles.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathic human genetic disorder that produces many effects and affects many body systems.
See Cilium and Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Basal body
A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum). The basal body was named by Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann in 1880. It is formed from a centriole and several additional protein structures, and is, essentially, a modified centriole. Cilium and basal body are organelles.
Beta cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin.
Bilateria
Bilateria is a large clade or infrakingdom of animals called bilaterians, characterized by bilateral symmetry (i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other) during embryonic development.
Biofilm
A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
See Cilium and Brain
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments.
See Cilium and Caenorhabditis elegans
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). Cilium and cell membrane are organelles.
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilium and cell nucleus are eukaryotic cell anatomy and organelles.
CEP164
Centrosomal protein of 164 kDa, also known as CEP164, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP164 gene.
CEP170
Centrosomal protein 170kDa, also known as CEP170, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP170 gene.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.
See Cilium and Cerebrospinal fluid
Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a single-cell green alga about 10 micrometres in diameter that swims with two flagella.
See Cilium and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Choroid plexus
The choroid plexus, or plica choroidea, is a plexus of cells that arises from the tela choroidea in each of the ventricles of the brain.
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.
Ciliogenesis
Ciliogenesis is defined as the building of the cell's antenna (primary cilia) or extracellular fluid mediation mechanism (motile cilium). Cilium and Ciliogenesis are organelles.
Ciliopathy
A ciliopathy is any genetic disorder that affects the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, or ciliary function.
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell. Cilium and cilium are cell movement, eukaryotic cell anatomy and organelles.
Congenital heart defect
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth.
See Cilium and Congenital heart defect
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that impairs the normal clearance of mucus from the lungs, which facilitates the colonization and infection of the lungs by bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus.
See Cilium and Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a membrane protein and anion channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene.
See Cilium and Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. Cilium and cytoskeleton are eukaryotic cell anatomy.
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
See Cilium and Drosophila melanogaster
Dynein
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells.
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
See Cilium and Ectopic pregnancy
Egg cell
The egg cell or ovum (ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one).
Ependyma
The ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial (simple columnar ciliated epithelium) lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
Epigenetics
In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.
Epithelial sodium channel
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), (also known as amiloride-sensitive sodium channel) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to sodium ions.
See Cilium and Epithelial sodium channel
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Eyelash
An eyelash (also called lash) (Neo-Latin: cilium, plural cilia) is one of the hairs that grows at the edges of the top and bottom eyelids, spanning outwards and away from the eyes.
Eyelid
An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye.
Fallopian tube
The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, oviducts or salpinges (salpinx), are paired tubes in the human female body that stretch from the ovaries to the uterus.
Flagellum
A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Cilium and flagellum are cell movement and organelles.
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses.
See Cilium and G protein-coupled receptor
G1 phase
The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division.
Hair cell
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates, and in the lateral line organ of fishes.
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation.
See Cilium and Hedgehog signaling pathway
Implantation (embryology)
Implantation, also known as nidation, is the stage in the mammalian embryonic development in which the blastocyst hatches, attaches, adheres, and invades into the endometrium of the female's uterus.
See Cilium and Implantation (embryology)
Intraflagellar transport
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bidirectional motility along axoneme microtubules that is essential for the formation (ciliogenesis) and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella.
See Cilium and Intraflagellar transport
Intrinsically disordered proteins
In molecular biology, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure, typically in the absence of its macromolecular interaction partners, such as other proteins or RNA.
See Cilium and Intrinsically disordered proteins
Kinocilium
A kinocilium is a special type of cilium on the apex of hair cells located in the sensory epithelium of the vertebrate inner ear.
Left-right asymmetry
In developmental biology, left-right asymmetry (LR asymmetry) is the process in early embryonic development that breaks the normal symmetry in the bilateral embryo.
See Cilium and Left-right asymmetry
Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine.
See Cilium and Lumen (anatomy)
Lung
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish.
See Cilium and Lung
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Mechanosensation
Mechanosensation is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into neural signals.
See Cilium and Mechanosensation
Meckel–Gruber syndrome
Meckel-Gruber syndrome is a rare, lethal ciliopathic genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations (occipital encephalocele), polydactyly (postaxial), hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios.
See Cilium and Meckel–Gruber syndrome
A metachronal rhythm or metachronal wave refers to wavy movements produced by the sequential action (as opposed to synchronized) of structures such as cilia, segments of worms, or legs.
See Cilium and Metachronal rhythm
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Microtubule
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells.
Microtubule organizing center
The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge.
See Cilium and Microtubule organizing center
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole.
See Cilium and Mitral valve prolapse
Molecular machine
Molecular machines are a class of molecules typically described as an assembly of a discrete number of molecular components intended to produce mechanical movements in response to specific stimuli, mimicking macromolecular devices such as switches and motors.
See Cilium and Molecular machine
Molecular sensor
A molecular sensor or chemosensor is a molecular structure (organic or inorganic complexes) that is used for sensing of an analyte to produce a detectable change or a signal.
See Cilium and Molecular sensor
Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy. Cilium and Motility are cell movement.
Motor protein
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. Cilium and motor protein are cell movement.
Mucociliary clearance
Mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucociliary transport, or the mucociliary escalator describes the self-clearing mechanism of the airways in the respiratory system.
See Cilium and Mucociliary clearance
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
See Cilium and Mucus
Nephronophthisis
Nephronophthisis is a genetic disorder of the kidneys which affects children.
See Cilium and Nephronophthisis
Neuron
A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.
Nexin
Nexin is a proteinous inter-doublet linkage that prevents microtubules in the outer layer of axonemes from moving with respect to one another; otherwise, vesicular transport proteins such as dynein would dissolve the whole structure.
See Cilium and Nexin
ODF2
Outer dense fiber protein 2, also known as cenexin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ODF2 gene.
See Cilium and ODF2
Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.
See Cilium and Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptor neuron
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory system.
See Cilium and Olfactory receptor neuron
Oocyte
An oocyte, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. Cilium and organelle are organelles.
Ovary
The ovary is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova.
See Cilium and Ovary
Oviduct
The oviduct in vertebrates is the passageway from an ovary.
Paramecium
Paramecium (plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments.
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.
See Cilium and Plasmodium falciparum
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek, 'more', and, 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney.
See Cilium and Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic liver disease
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue.
See Cilium and Polycystic liver disease
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliopathy, that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells.
See Cilium and Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Primitive node
The primitive node (or primitive knot) is the organizer for gastrulation in most amniote embryos.
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a condition that mimics hypoaldosteronism.
See Cilium and Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.
Reproductive system
The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction.
See Cilium and Reproductive system
Respiratory epithelium
Respiratory epithelium, or airway epithelium, is a type of ciliated columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract as respiratory mucosa, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways.
See Cilium and Respiratory epithelium
Retinopathy
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment.
Rootletin
Rootletin also known as ciliary rootlet coiled-coil protein (CROCC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CROCC gene.
Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
See Cilium and Scanning electron microscope
Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
Senior–Løken syndrome
Senior–Løken syndrome is a congenital eye disorder, first characterized in 1961.
See Cilium and Senior–Løken syndrome
Sensenbrenner syndrome
Sensenbrenner syndrome (OMIM #218330) is a rare (less than 20 cases reported by 2010) multisystem disease first described by Judith A. Sensenbrenner in 1975.
See Cilium and Sensenbrenner syndrome
Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
Situs ambiguus
Situs ambiguus, or heterotaxy, is a rare congenital defect in which the major visceral organs are distributed abnormally within the chest and abdomen.
Situs inversus
Situs inversus (also called situs transversus or oppositus) is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions.
Smooth muscle
Smooth (soft) muscle is one of the three major types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Somatostatin receptor 3
Shekel Somatostatin receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR3 gene.
See Cilium and Somatostatin receptor 3
Sperm
Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one).
See Cilium and Sperm
Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.
Theria
Theria is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes.
Thermoception
In physiology, thermoception or thermoreception is the sensation and perception of temperature, or more accurately, temperature differences inferred from heat flux.
Trachea
The trachea (tracheae or tracheas), also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all animals with lungs.
Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
See Cilium and Type 2 diabetes
Uterus
The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.
Ventricular system
In neuroanatomy, the ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain.
See Cilium and Ventricular system
Vestigiality
Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.
See also
Cell movement
- Adventurous motility
- Amoeboid movement
- Angiopellosis
- Bleb (cell biology)
- Cell migration
- Centriole
- Chemorepulsion
- Cilium
- Collective–amoeboid transition
- Contractility
- Ena/Vasp homology proteins
- Filopodia
- Flagellum
- Focal adhesion
- Gliding motility
- Haptotaxis
- Hyperactivation
- Lamellipodium
- MS100a7a15
- Mechanotaxis
- Molecular motor
- Motility
- Motor protein
- Motor proteins
- Myofilament
- NDR kinase
- Pseudopodia
- Radial spoke
- Sarcomere
- Sliding filament theory
- Treadmilling
- Twitching motility
- Undulipodium
- World Cell Race
Eukaryotic cell anatomy
- Axoneme
- Caveolae
- Cell nucleus
- Cellular compartment
- Cilium
- Cytoskeleton
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Exopher
- Extracellular vesicle
- Kappa organism
- Lysosome
- Mastigoneme
- Mitochondria
- Mitosome
- Myofibril
- Retromer
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilium
Also known as Cellular antenna, Cilia, Ciliary motion, Ciliary rootlet, Ciliary transition zone, Ciliate cells, Ciliated, Cilius, Cirrus (organ), Motile cilia, Motile cilium, Nodal cells, Nodal cilia, Primary cilia, Primary cilium.
, Hair cell, Hedgehog signaling pathway, Implantation (embryology), Intraflagellar transport, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Kinocilium, Left-right asymmetry, Lumen (anatomy), Lung, Mammal, Mechanosensation, Meckel–Gruber syndrome, Metachronal rhythm, Microorganism, Microtubule, Microtubule organizing center, Mitral valve prolapse, Molecular machine, Molecular sensor, Motility, Motor protein, Mucociliary clearance, Mucus, Nephronophthisis, Neuron, Nexin, ODF2, Olfactory receptor, Olfactory receptor neuron, Oocyte, Organelle, Ovary, Oviduct, Paramecium, Plasmodium falciparum, Pleiotropy, Polycystic kidney disease, Polycystic liver disease, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Primitive node, Protozoa, Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Pyramidal cell, Reproductive system, Respiratory epithelium, Retinopathy, Rootletin, Scanning electron microscope, Secretion, Senior–Løken syndrome, Sensenbrenner syndrome, Serotonin, Situs ambiguus, Situs inversus, Smooth muscle, Somatostatin receptor 3, Sperm, Synapse, Theria, Thermoception, Trachea, Tubulin, Type 2 diabetes, Uterus, Ventricular system, Vestigiality.