Dialect, the Glossary
Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.[1]
Table of Contents
288 relations: A language is a dialect with an army and navy, Abruzzo, Abstand and ausbau languages, Académie Française, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Accent (sociolinguistics), Accent perception, Albanian language, Alessandro Manzoni, Algherese dialect, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Arbëresh language, Arbitrariness, Autonomy and heteronomy, Barese dialect, Belarusian language, Bengali dialects, Bergamasque dialect, Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Brummie dialect, Bulgarian language, Calabrian Greek, Campania, Campidanese Sardinian, Cant (language), Cantonese, Catalan dialects, Catalan language, Central Italian, Chakavian, Charles A. Ferguson, Chłopomania, Chinese characters, Chinese language, Chronolect, Cilentan dialect, Cimbrian language, Codification (linguistics), Cognate, Colloquialism, Connacht Irish, Conscription, Corsican language, Cossack Hetmanate, Creole language, Croatian language, Cypriot Greek, Cypriot Turkish, Danish dialects, ... Expand index (238 more) »
- Dialects
- Lexicology
A language is a dialect with an army and navy
"A language is a dialect with an army and navy", sometimes called the Weinreich witticism, is a quip about the arbitrariness of the distinction between a dialect and a language.
See Dialect and A language is a dialect with an army and navy
Abruzzo
Abruzzo (Abbrùzze, Abbrìzze or Abbrèzze; Abbrùzzu), historically known as Abruzzi, is a region of Southern Italy with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.3 million.
Abstand and ausbau languages
In sociolinguistics, an abstand language is a language variety or cluster of varieties with significant linguistic distance from all others, while an ausbau language is a standard variety, possibly with related dependent varieties. Dialect and abstand and ausbau languages are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Abstand and ausbau languages
Académie Française
The Académie Française, also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
See Dialect and Académie Française
Academy of Sciences of Moldova
The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Științe a Moldovei), established in 1961, is the main scientific organization of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology.
See Dialect and Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Accent (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, an accent is a way of pronouncing a language that is distinctive to a country, area, social class, or individual. Dialect and accent (sociolinguistics) are linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Accent (sociolinguistics)
Accent perception
Accents are the distinctive variations in the pronunciation of a language.
See Dialect and Accent perception
Albanian language
Albanian (endonym: shqip, gjuha shqipe, or arbërisht) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group.
See Dialect and Albanian language
Alessandro Manzoni
Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni (7 March 1785 – 22 May 1873) was an Italian poet, novelist and philosopher.
See Dialect and Alessandro Manzoni
Algherese dialect
Algherese or Alguerese (autonym: alguerés) is the variant of Catalan spoken in the city of Alghero (L'Alguer in Catalan), in the northwest of Sardinia, Italy.
See Dialect and Algherese dialect
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arbëresh language
Arbëresh (also known as Arbërisht) is the variety of Albanian spoken by the Arbëreshë people of Italy.
See Dialect and Arbëresh language
Arbitrariness
Arbitrariness is the quality of being "determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle".
Autonomy and heteronomy
Autonomy and heteronomy are complementary attributes of a language variety describing its functional relationship with related varieties.
See Dialect and Autonomy and heteronomy
Barese dialect
Barese dialect (natively dialètte barése; dialetto barese) is an Italoromance dialect belonging to the southern intermediate group, spoken in the Apulia and Basilicata regions of Italy.
See Dialect and Barese dialect
Belarusian language
Belarusian (label) is an East Slavic language.
See Dialect and Belarusian language
Bengali dialects
The Bengali dialects (বাংলা উপভাষা) or Bengali varieties (বাংলা ভাষিকা) are the varieties of the Bengali language that are part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group of the Indo-European language family widely spoken in the Bengal region of South Asia.
See Dialect and Bengali dialects
Bergamasque dialect
The Bergamasque dialect is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language.
See Dialect and Bergamasque dialect
Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
The Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius (Kyrylo-Mefodiivske bratstvo; Кирилло-Мефодиевское братство) was a short-lived secret political society that existed in Kiev (now Kyiv, Ukraine), at the time a part of the Russian Empire.
See Dialect and Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
Brummie dialect
The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding area.
See Dialect and Brummie dialect
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian (bŭlgarski ezik) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.
See Dialect and Bulgarian language
Calabrian Greek
Calabrian Greek (endonym: / Γκραίκο; Grecanico. F. Violi, Lessico Grecanico-Italiano-Grecanico, Apodiafàzzi, Reggio Calabria, 1997. Paolo Martino, L'isola grecanica dell'Aspromonte. Aspetti sociolinguistici, 1980. Risultati di un'inchiesta del 1977 Filippo Violi, Storia degli studi e della letteratura popolare grecanica, C.S.E.
See Dialect and Calabrian Greek
Campania
Campania is an administrative region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the island of Capri.
Campidanese Sardinian
Campidanese Sardinian (sardu campidanesu, sardo campidanese) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all the Romance languages.
See Dialect and Campidanese Sardinian
Cant (language)
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group. Dialect and cant (language) are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Cant (language)
Cantonese
Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta, with over 82.4 million native speakers.
Catalan dialects
The Catalan dialects feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology.
See Dialect and Catalan dialects
Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.
See Dialect and Catalan language
Central Italian
Central Italian (Italian: dialetti mediani) refers to the dialects of Italo-Romance spoken in the so-called Area Mediana, which covers a swathe of the central Italian peninsula.
See Dialect and Central Italian
Chakavian
Chakavian or Čakavian (čakavski proper name: čakavica or čakavština own name: čokovski, čakavski, čekavski) is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian Littoral and parts of coastal and southern Central Croatia (now collectively referred to as Adriatic Croatia or Littoral Croatia), as well as by the Burgenland Croats as Burgenland Croatian in southeastern Austria, northwestern Hungary and southwestern Slovakia as well as few municipalities in southern Slovenia on the border with Croatia.
Charles A. Ferguson
Charles Albert Ferguson (July 6, 1921 – September 2, 1998) was an American linguist who taught at Stanford University.
See Dialect and Charles A. Ferguson
Chłopomania
Chłopomania or Khlopomanstvo (Хлопоманство) are historical and literary terms inspired by the Young Poland modernist movement and the Ukrainian Hromady.
Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture.
See Dialect and Chinese characters
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
See Dialect and Chinese language
Chronolect
In linguistics, a chronolect or temporal dialect is a specific speech variety whose characteristics are in particular determined by time-related factors. Dialect and chronolect are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
Cilentan dialect
The Cilentan dialect (in Cilentano, in Cilentan: Celendano or Cilindanu) is a Neapolitan dialect spoken in the area of Cilento, located in the southern part of the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.
See Dialect and Cilentan dialect
Cimbrian language
Cimbrian (zimbar,; Zimbrisch; cimbro) is any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in parts of the Italian regions of Trentino and Veneto.
See Dialect and Cimbrian language
Codification (linguistics)
In linguistics, codification is the social process of a language's natural variation being reduced and features becoming more fixed or subject to prescriptive rules.
See Dialect and Codification (linguistics)
Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.
Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. Dialect and Colloquialism are language varieties and styles.
Connacht Irish
Connacht Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Connacht.
See Dialect and Connacht Irish
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
Corsican language
Corsican (endonym: corsu; full name: lingua corsa) is a Romance language consisting of the continuum of the Italo-Dalmatian dialects spoken on the Mediterranean island of Corsica, France, and in the northern regions of the island of Sardinia, Italy, located due south.
See Dialect and Corsican language
Cossack Hetmanate
The Cossack Hetmanate (Hetmanshchyna; see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (Viisko Zaporozke; Exercitus Zaporoviensis), is a historical term for the 17th–18th centuries Ukrainian Cossack state located in central Ukraine.
See Dialect and Cossack Hetmanate
Creole language
A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying and mixing into a new form (often a pidgin), and then that form expanding and elaborating into a full-fledged language with native speakers, all within a fairly brief period. Dialect and creole language are linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Creole language
Croatian language
Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardised variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by Croats.
See Dialect and Croatian language
Cypriot Greek
Cypriot Greek (κυπριακή ελληνική or κυπριακά) is the variety of Modern Greek that is spoken by the majority of the Cypriot populace and Greek Cypriot diaspora.
Cypriot Turkish
Cypriot Turkish (Kıbrıs Türkçesi) is a dialect of the Turkish language spoken by Turkish Cypriots both in Cyprus and among its diaspora.
See Dialect and Cypriot Turkish
Danish dialects
The Danish language has a number of regional and local dialect varieties.
See Dialect and Danish dialects
Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark.
See Dialect and Danish language
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (– September 14, 1321), most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and widely known and often referred to in English mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
See Dialect and Dante Alighieri
Dialect continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. Dialect and dialect continuum are dialects.
See Dialect and Dialect continuum
Dialect levelling
Dialect levelling (or leveling in American English) is an overall reduction in the variation or diversity of features, accompanied by an increase in the similarities, between two or more dialects in contact with each other. Dialect and dialect levelling are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Dialect levelling
Dialectology
Dialectology (from Greek διάλεκτος, dialektos, "talk, dialect"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages. Dialect and Dialectology are dialects.
Dialectometry
Dialectometry is the quantitative and computational branch of dialectology, the study of dialect.
Dialects of Polish
Polish dialects are regional vernacular varieties of the Polish language, and often show developments starting from an earlier stage of the language, often Old Polish or Middle Polish, namely the development of the so-called "pitched" or "slanted" vowels (Polish samogłoski pochylone).
See Dialect and Dialects of Polish
Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc
The Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc ("Moldovan–Romanian dictionary") is a dictionary compiled by Vasile Stati and published in 2003 in Chișinău in Moldova.
See Dialect and Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc
Diglossia
In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community. Dialect and diglossia are linguistics terminology.
Dutch dialects
Dutch dialects are primarily the dialects that are both cognate with the Dutch language and spoken in the same language area as the Dutch standard language.
See Dialect and Dutch dialects
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
See Dialect and Dutch language
Dutch Low Saxon
Dutch Low Saxon (Nederlaands Leegsaksies or Nederlaands Nedersaksies; Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are the Low Saxon dialects of the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are mostly, but not exclusively, written with local, unstandardised orthographies based on Standard Dutch orthography.
See Dialect and Dutch Low Saxon
East Franconian German
East Franconian (Ostfränkisch) or Mainfränkisch, usually referred to as Franconian (Fränkisch) in German, is a dialect spoken in Franconia, the northern part of the federal state of Bavaria and other areas in Germany around Nuremberg, Bamberg, Coburg, Würzburg, Hof, Bayreuth, Meiningen, Bad Mergentheim, and Crailsheim.
See Dialect and East Franconian German
Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino.
See Dialect and Eastern Lombard dialects
Education
Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Elite
In political and sociological theory, the elite (élite, from eligere, to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a group.
Emilian–Romagnol
Emilian-Romagnol (emiliano-romagnolo) is a linguistic continuum that is part of the Gallo-Italic languages spoken in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.
See Dialect and Emilian–Romagnol
Endangered language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages.
See Dialect and Endangered language
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Ethnolect
An ethnolect is generally defined as a language variety that marks speakers as members of ethnic groups who originally used another language or distinctive variety. Dialect and ethnolect are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.
Eye dialect
Eye dialect is a writer's use of deliberately nonstandard spelling either because they do not consider the standard spelling a good reflection of the pronunciation or because they are intending to portray informal or low-status language usage.
Finnish language
Finnish (endonym: suomi or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland.
See Dialect and Finnish language
Florentine dialect
The Florentine dialect or vernacular (dialetto fiorentino or vernacolo fiorentino) is a variety of Tuscan, a Romance language spoken in the Italian city of Florence and its immediate surroundings.
See Dialect and Florentine dialect
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Franco-Provençal
Franco-Provençal (also Francoprovençal, Patois or Arpitan) is a language within the Gallo-Romance family, originally spoken in east-central France, western Switzerland and northwestern Italy.
See Dialect and Franco-Provençal
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
See Dialect and French language
Frisian languages
The Frisian languages are a closely related group of West Germanic languages, spoken by about 400,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany.
See Dialect and Frisian languages
Friulian language
Friulian or Friulan (natively or marilenghe; friulano; Furlanisch; furlanščina) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy.
See Dialect and Friulian language
Gail Valley dialect
The Gail Valley dialect (ziljsko narečje, ziljščinaLogar, Tine. 1996. Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave. Ljubljana: SAZU) is the westernmost Slovene dialect in the Carinthian dialect group, spoken in parts of southern Carinthia in Austria, in the northeasternmost part of the Province of Udine in Italy, and in northeastern Upper Carniola in Slovenia.
See Dialect and Gail Valley dialect
Gallo-Italic languages
The Gallo-Italic, Gallo-Italian, Gallo-Cisalpine or simply Cisalpine languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy: Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian, Ligurian, and Romagnol.
See Dialect and Gallo-Italic languages
Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
The Gallo-Italic of Basilicata (Gallo-italico di Basilicata) is a group of Gallo-Italic dialects found in Basilicata in southern Italy, that could date back to migrations from Northern Italy during the time of the Normans.
See Dialect and Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
Gallo-Italic of Sicily
Gallo-Italic of Sicily, (Gallo-italico di Sicilia) also known as the Siculo-Lombard dialects, (Dialetti siculo-lombardi) is a group of Gallo-Italic languages found in about 15 isolated communities of central eastern Sicily.
See Dialect and Gallo-Italic of Sicily
Gallo-Romance languages
The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the langues d'oïl and Franco-Provençal.
See Dialect and Gallo-Romance languages
Gallurese
Gallurese (gadduresu) is a Romance dialect of the Italo-Dalmatian family spoken in the region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.
Gan Chinese
Gan, Gann or Kan is a group of Sinitic languages spoken natively by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.
Georgian dialects
Georgian (ქართული kartuli) is a Kartvelian language spoken by about 4 million people, primarily in Georgia but also by indigenous communities in northern Turkey and Azerbaijan, and the diaspora, such as in Russia, Turkey, Iran, Europe, and North America.
See Dialect and Georgian dialects
German dialects
German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language.
See Dialect and German dialects
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
See Dialect and German language
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
See Dialect and Germanic languages
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Dialect and Germanic peoples
Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.
See Dialect and Giovanni Boccaccio
Grammar
In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Dialect and grammar are linguistics terminology.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Dialect and Greek language
Griko language
Griko (endonym: /Γκρίκο), sometimes spelled Grico, is one of the two dialects of Italiot Greek (the other being Calabrian Greek or Grecanico), spoken by Griko people in Salento, province of Lecce, Italy.
See Dialect and Griko language
Guangzhou
Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.
Hakka Chinese
Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:,; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ) forms a language group of varieties of Chinese, spoken natively by the Hakka people in parts of Southern China, Taiwan, some diaspora areas of Southeast Asia and in overseas Chinese communities around the world.
Heinz Kloss
Heinz Kloss (30 October 1904 – 13 June 1987) was a German linguist who was after World War II internationally recognised for his work on linguistic pluricentricity and linguistic minorities.
High German languages
The High German languages (hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch) – not to be confused with Standard High German which is commonly also called "High German" – comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and eastern Belgium, as well as in neighbouring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia).
See Dialect and High German languages
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
Hromada (secret society)
A hromada ("community") was one of a network of secret societies of Ukrainian intelligentsia that appeared soon after the Crimean War.
See Dialect and Hromada (secret society)
Iberian Romance languages
The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance or sometimes Iberian languagesIberian languages is also used as a more inclusive term for all languages spoken on the Iberian Peninsula, which in antiquity included the non-Indo-European Iberian language.
See Dialect and Iberian Romance languages
Idiolect
Idiolect is an individual's unique use of language, including speech. Dialect and Idiolect are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
Indigenous language
An indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by its indigenous peoples.
See Dialect and Indigenous language
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Dialect and Iran
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
See Dialect and Iraq
Irpinian dialect
The Irpinian dialect, or Irpino, is the dialect of Neapolitan language spoken in almost all of the comuni in the Province of Avellino in the Italian region of Campania.
See Dialect and Irpinian dialect
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
ISO 639-3
ISO 639-3:2007, Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages, is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series.
Isogloss
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature.
Istrian dialect
The Istrian dialect is a Slovene dialect spoken in Slovene Istria, as well as some settlements in Italy and Croatia.
See Dialect and Istrian dialect
Italian nationalism
Italian nationalism (Nazionalismo italiano) is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country.
See Dialect and Italian nationalism
Italianization
Italianization (italianizzazione; talijanizacija; italianisation; poitaljančevanje; Italianisierung; Italopoíisi) is the spread of Italian culture, language and identity by way of integration or assimilation.
See Dialect and Italianization
Italo-Dalmatian languages
The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages spoken in Italy, Corsica (France), and formerly in Dalmatia (Croatia).
See Dialect and Italo-Dalmatian languages
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
Japanese dialects
The of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital Kyoto), with the dialects of Kyushu and Hachijō Island often distinguished as additional branches, the latter perhaps the most divergent of all.
See Dialect and Japanese dialects
Jargon
Jargon or technical language is the specialized terminology associated with a particular field or area of activity. Dialect and Jargon are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
John J. Gumperz
John Joseph Gumperz (January 9, 1922 – March 29, 2013) was an American linguist and academic.
See Dialect and John J. Gumperz
John Lyons (linguist)
Sir John Lyons FBA (23 May 1932 12 March 2020) was a British linguist, working on semantics.
See Dialect and John Lyons (linguist)
Kajkavian
Kajkavian (Kajkavian noun: kajkavščina; Shtokavian adjective: kajkavski, noun: kajkavica or kajkavština) is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken primarily by Croats in much of Central Croatia and Gorski Kotar.
Koiné language
In linguistics, a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced) is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a result of the contact, mixing, and often simplification of two or more mutually intelligible varieties of the same language. Dialect and koiné language are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Koiné language
Korean dialects
A number of Korean dialects are spoken on the Korean Peninsula.
See Dialect and Korean dialects
Ladin language
Ladin (autonym: ladin; ladino; Ladinisch) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people.
See Dialect and Ladin language
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Language code
A language code is a code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages.
Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
See Dialect and Language family
Languages of Calabria
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian (calabrese).
See Dialect and Languages of Calabria
Languages of Italy
The languages of Italy include Italian, which serves as the country's national language, in its standard and regional forms, as well as numerous local and regional languages, most of which, like Italian, belong to the broader Romance group.
See Dialect and Languages of Italy
Late Middle Ages
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500.
See Dialect and Late Middle Ages
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Latin script
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.
See Dialect and Lebanese Civil War
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Lexicon
A lexicon (plural: lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). Dialect and lexicon are linguistics terminology.
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east and north and Switzerland in the west and south.
Ligurian language
Ligurian (endonym: lìgure) or Genoese (endonym: zeneise or zeneize) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken primarily in the territories of the former Republic of Genoa, now comprising the area of Liguria in Northern Italy, parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France, Monaco (where it is called Monégasque), the village of Bonifacio in Corsica, and in the villages of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off the coast of southwestern Sardinia.
See Dialect and Ligurian language
Limonese Creole
Limonese Creole, also called Limonese, Limón Creole English or Mekatelyu is a dialect of Jamaican Patois (Jamaican Creole), an English-based creole language, spoken in Limón Province on the Caribbean Sea coast of Costa Rica.
See Dialect and Limonese Creole
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
Linguistic distance
Linguistic distance is the measure of how different one language (or dialect) is from another.
See Dialect and Linguistic distance
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Dialect and Linguistics are language.
List of dialects of English
Dialects are linguistic varieties that may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, and other aspects of grammar.
See Dialect and List of dialects of English
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write.
Literary language
Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language. Dialect and Literary language are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Literary language
Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.
Logudorese Sardinian
Logudorese Sardinian (sardu logudoresu, sardo logudorese) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all Romance languages.
See Dialect and Logudorese Sardinian
Lombard language
The Lombard language (native name: lombard,Classical Milanese orthography, and. lumbard,Ticinese orthography. lumbartModern Western orthography and Classical Cremish Orthography. or lombart,Eastern unified orthography. depending on the orthography; pronunciation) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages and is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland, including most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden.
See Dialect and Lombard language
Lombardy
Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.
Low Franconian
In historical and comparative linguistics, Low Franconian is a linguistic category used to classify a number of historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language.
See Dialect and Low Franconian
Low German
Low German is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands.
Macau
Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
Macedonian language
Macedonian (македонски јазик) is an Eastern South Slavic language.
See Dialect and Macedonian language
Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic (as opposed to Eastern or Mashriqi Arabic), often known as ad-Dārija (الدارجة, meaning 'common/everyday ') to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb.
See Dialect and Maghrebi Arabic
Malayalamoid languages
The Malayalamoid languages, also known as the Malayalam languages, are the group of Dravidian languages most closely related to Malayalam.
See Dialect and Malayalamoid languages
Malayic languages
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family.
See Dialect and Malayic languages
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.
See Dialect and Mandarin Chinese
Marche
Marche, in English sometimes referred to as the Marches, is one of the twenty regions of Italy.
Max Weinreich
Max Weinreich (מאַקס ווײַנרײַך Maks Vaynraych; Мейер Лазаревич Вайнрайх, Meyer Lazarevich Vaynraykh; 22 April 1894 – 29 January 1969) was a Russian-American-Jewish linguist, specializing in sociolinguistics and Yiddish, and the father of the linguist Uriel Weinreich, who, a sociolinguistic innovator, edited the Modern Yiddish-English English-Yiddish Dictionary.
Mòcheno language
Mòcheno (Fersentalerisch; Bersntolerisch) is an Upper German variety spoken in three towns of the Bersntol (Fersental, Valle del Fersina), in Trentino, northeastern Italy.
See Dialect and Mòcheno language
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.
See Dialect and Middle Chinese
Min Chinese
Min (BUC: Mìng-ngṳ̄) is a broad group of Sinitic languages with about 70 million native speakers.
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
Mircea Snegur
Mircea Snegur (17 January 1940 – 13 September 2023) was a Moldovan agronomist and politician who served as the first President of Moldova from 1990 to 1997.
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard.
See Dialect and Modern Standard Arabic
Moldovan language
Moldovan or Moldavian (Latin alphabet: limba moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: лимба молдовеняскэ) is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova.
See Dialect and Moldovan language
Molisan
Molisan is a group of dialects of the Neapolitan language spoken in Molise, a region of Southern Italy.
Morphology (linguistics)
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. Dialect and morphology (linguistics) are linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Morphology (linguistics)
Munster Irish
Munster Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Munster.
Mutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Dialect and mutual intelligibility are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Mutual intelligibility
Naples
Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.
Narodniks
The Narodniks (translit) were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism.
Nation language
"Nation language" is the term coined by scholar and poet Kamau BrathwaiteMcArthur, Tom, In the words of Brathwaite, considered the authority of note on nation language and a key exemplar of its use: We in the Caribbean have a kind of plurality: we have English, which is the imposed language on much of the archipelago.
See Dialect and Nation language
National identity
National identity is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more nations.
See Dialect and National identity
National language
A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a nation. Dialect and national language are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and National language
Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano; napoletano) is a Romance language of the Italo-Romance group spoken in Naples and most of continental Southern Italy.
See Dialect and Neapolitan language
Nguni languages
The Nguni languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in southern Africa (mainly South Africa, Zimbabwe and Eswatini) by the Nguni people.
See Dialect and Nguni languages
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe.
See Dialect and North Macedonia
Northern Italy
Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale, label, label) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.
See Dialect and Northern Italy
Norwegian dialects
Norwegian dialects (dialekter) are commonly divided into four main groups, 'Northern Norwegian', 'Central Norwegian' (trøndersk), 'Western Norwegian' (vestlandsk), and 'Eastern Norwegian'.
See Dialect and Norwegian dialects
Occitan language
Occitan (occitan), also known as (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania.
See Dialect and Occitan language
Official language
An official language is a language having certain rights to be used in defined situations.
See Dialect and Official language
Old Chinese
Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.
Orthodox brotherhood
Brotherhoods (Russian: братство; literally, "fraternities") are non-monastic unions of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox citizens or lay brothers affiliated with individual autocephalous churches, often of an evangelical or theological character.
See Dialect and Orthodox brotherhood
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
See Dialect and Partitions of Poland
Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something.
Pennsylvania Dutch
The Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvanisch Deitsche), also referred to as Pennsylvania Germans, are an ethnic group in Pennsylvania and other regions of the United States, predominantly in the Mid-Atlantic region of the nation.
See Dialect and Pennsylvania Dutch
Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Francesco Petrarca), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the earliest humanists.
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. Dialect and Phonology are linguistics terminology.
Piedmontese language
Piedmontese (autonym: piemontèis or lenga piemontèisa; piemontese) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, a region of Northwest Italy.
See Dialect and Piedmontese language
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
See Dialect and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Portuguese dialects
Portuguese dialects are the mutually intelligible variations of the Portuguese language in Portuguese-speaking countries and other areas holding some degree of cultural bond with the language.
See Dialect and Portuguese dialects
President of Moldova
The president of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.
See Dialect and President of Moldova
Prestige (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, prestige is the level of regard normally accorded a specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects. Dialect and prestige (sociolinguistics) are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Prestige (sociolinguistics)
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody is the study of elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but which are properties of syllables and larger units of speech, including linguistic functions such as intonation, stress, and rhythm. Dialect and prosody (linguistics) are linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Prosody (linguistics)
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
Regional Italian
Regional Italian (italiano regionale) is any regional"Regional" in the broad sense of the word; not to be confused with the Italian endonym, for Italy's administrative units.
See Dialect and Regional Italian
Regional language
* A regional language is a language spoken in a region of a sovereign state, whether it be a small area, a federated state or province or some wider area.
See Dialect and Regional language
Register (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation. Dialect and register (sociolinguistics) are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Register (sociolinguistics)
Registration authorities (RAs) exist for many standards organizations, such as ANNA (Association of National Numbering Agencies for ISIN), the Object Management Group, W3C, and others.
See Dialect and Registration authority
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Republic of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.
See Dialect and Republic of China (1912–1949)
Revolutions during the 1820s
Revolutions during the 1820s included revolutions in Russia (Decembrist revolt), Spain, Portugal, and the Italian states for constitutional monarchies, and for independence from Ottoman rule in Greece.
See Dialect and Revolutions during the 1820s
Revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849.
See Dialect and Revolutions of 1848
Rhaeto-Romance languages
Rhaeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance, Rhaeto-Italian,or Rhaetian, is a purported subfamily of the Romance languages that is spoken in south-eastern Switzerland and north-eastern Italy.
See Dialect and Rhaeto-Romance languages
Romanesco dialect
Romanesco is one of the central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city.
See Dialect and Romanesco dialect
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.
See Dialect and Romanian Academy
Romanian dialects
The Romanian dialects (subdialecte or graiuri) are the several regional varieties of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).
See Dialect and Romanian dialects
Romansh language
Romansh is a Gallo-Romance language spoken predominantly in the Swiss canton of the Grisons (Graubünden).
See Dialect and Romansh language
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
See Dialect and Rome
Russian dialects
Russian dialects are spoken variants of the Russian language.
See Dialect and Russian dialects
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Dialect and Russian Empire
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Dialect and Russian language
Sacred language
A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.
See Dialect and Sacred language
Salentino dialect
Salentino (salentinu) is a dialect of the Extreme Southern Italian (Italiano meridionale estremo in Italian) spoken in the Salento peninsula, which is the southern part of the region of Apulia at the southern "heel" of the Italian peninsula.
See Dialect and Salentino dialect
Salerno
Salerno (Salierno) is an ancient city and comune (municipality) in Campania, southwestern Italy, and is the capital of the namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after Naples.
Sardinia
Sardinia (Sardegna; Sardigna) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy.
Sardinian language
Sardinian or Sard (sardu,, limba sarda,, or lìngua sarda) is a Romance language spoken by the Sardinians on the Western Mediterranean island of Sardinia.
See Dialect and Sardinian language
Sassarese language
Sassarese (natively sassaresu or turritanu; tataresu) is an Italo-Dalmatian language and transitional variety between Sardinian and Corsican. It is regarded as a Corso–Sardinian language because of Sassari's historic ties with Tuscany and geographical proximity to Corsica. Despite the robust Sardinian influences (in terms of vocabulary and phonology, as well as syntax), it still keeps its Corsican (and therefore Tuscan) roots, which closely relate it to Gallurese; the latter is linguistically considered a Corsican dialect despite its geographical location, although this claim is a matter of controversy.
See Dialect and Sassarese language
Scanian dialect
Scanian (skånska; skånsk) is an East Scandinavian language spoken in the province of Scania in southern Sweden.
See Dialect and Scanian dialect
Scouse
Scouse, more formally known as Liverpool English or Merseyside English, is an accent and dialect of English associated with the city of Liverpool and the surrounding Liverpool City Region.
Serbian language
Serbian (српски / srpski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs.
See Dialect and Serbian language
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian – also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
See Dialect and Serbo-Croatian
Shibboleth
A shibboleth (šībbōleṯ) is any custom or tradition, usually a choice of phrasing or even a single word, that distinguishes one group of people from another.
Shtokavian
Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski / штокавски) is the prestige supradialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards.
Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu,; siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
See Dialect and Sicilian language
SIL International
SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development.
See Dialect and SIL International
Slang
A slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing. Dialect and slang are dialects, language varieties and styles, Lexicology and linguistics terminology.
Slavic microlanguages
Slavic microlanguages are literary linguistic varieties that exist alongside the better-known Slavic languages of historically prominent nations.
See Dialect and Slavic microlanguages
Slavomolisano dialect
Slavomolisano, also known as Molise Slavic or Molise Croatian (Moliški hrvatski; croato molisano), is a variety of Shtokavian Croatian spoken by Italian Croats in three villages – Montemitro (Mundimitar), Acquaviva Collecroce (Živavoda Kruč) and San Felice del Molise (Štifilić) – in the province of Campobasso, in the Molise Region of southern Italy.
See Dialect and Slavomolisano dialect
Slovene dialects
In a purely dialectological sense, Slovene dialects (slovenska narečja) are the regionally diverse varieties that evolved from old Slovene, a South Slavic language of which the standardized modern version is Standard Slovene.
See Dialect and Slovene dialects
Slovene language
Slovene or Slovenian (slovenščina) is a South Slavic language of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Dialect and Slovene language
A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).
See Dialect and Social stratification
Sociolect
In sociolinguistics, a sociolect is a form of language (non-standard dialect, restricted register) or a set of lexical items used by a socioeconomic class, profession, age group, or other social group. Dialect and sociolect are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any or all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on language and the ways it is used. Dialect and Sociolinguistics are linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Sociolinguistics
South Tyrolean dialect
South Tyrolean German or South Tyrolese (Südtiroulerisch or Sîdtiroul(er)isch; Südtirolerisch or Südtirolisch) is a dialect spoken in the northern Italian province of South Tyrol.
See Dialect and South Tyrolean dialect
Southern Bavarian
Southern Bavarian or South Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group.
See Dialect and Southern Bavarian
Southern Italy
Southern Italy (Sud Italia,, or Italia meridionale,; 'o Sudde; Italia dû Suddi), also known as Meridione or Mezzogiorno (Miezojuorno; Menzujornu), is a macroregion of Italy consisting of its southern regions.
See Dialect and Southern Italy
Southern Romance languages
The Southern Romance languages are a primary branch of the Romance languages.
See Dialect and Southern Romance languages
Spanish dialects and varieties
Spanish dialects in Colombia. Spanish dialects spoken in Venezuela. Some of the regional varieties of the Spanish language are quite divergent from one another, especially in pronunciation and vocabulary, and less so in grammar.
See Dialect and Spanish dialects and varieties
Sprachbund
A sprachbund (Sprachbund, lit. "language federation"), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact.
Sri Lankan Tamil dialects
The Sri Lankan Tamil dialects or Ceylon Tamil or commonly in Tamil language Eelam Tamil are a group of Tamil dialects used in Sri Lanka by its native Tamil speakers that is distinct from the dialects of Tamil spoken in Tamil Nadu.
See Dialect and Sri Lankan Tamil dialects
Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).
See Dialect and Standard Chinese
Standard German
Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland, Schriftdeutsch), is the umbrella term for the standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas.
See Dialect and Standard German
Standard language
A standard language (or standard variety, standard dialect, standardized dialect or simply standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of its grammar, lexicon, writing system, or other features and stands out among other varieties in a community as the one with the highest status or prestige. Dialect and standard language are language, language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Standard language
State (polity)
A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.
See Dialect and State (polity)
State school
A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge.
Swedish dialects
Swedish dialects are the various forms of the Swedish language, particularly those that differ considerably from Standard Swedish.
See Dialect and Swedish dialects
Swiss German
Swiss German (Standard German: Schweizerdeutsch, Schwiizerdütsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart,Because of the many different dialects, and because there is no defined orthography for any of them, many different spellings can be found. and others) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland.
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Dialect and syntax are language and linguistics terminology.
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.
Taiwanese Hokkien
Taiwanese Hokkien (Tâi-lô), or simply Taiwanese, also known as Taiuanoe, Taigi, Taigu (Pe̍h-ōe-jī/Tâi-lô: /), Taiwanese Minnan, Hoklo and Holo, is a variety of the Hokkien language spoken natively by more than 70 percent of the population of Taiwan.
See Dialect and Taiwanese Hokkien
Taiwanese Mandarin
Taiwanese Mandarin, frequently referred to as Guoyu or Huayu, is the variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Taiwan.
See Dialect and Taiwanese Mandarin
Torlakian dialects
Torlakian, or Torlak, is a group of transitional South Slavic dialects of southeastern Serbia, Kosovo, northeastern North Macedonia, and northwestern Bulgaria.
See Dialect and Torlakian dialects
Tsar
Tsar (also spelled czar, tzar, or csar; tsar; tsar'; car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs.
See Dialect and Tsar
Tuscan dialect
Tuscan (dialetto toscano; label) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.
See Dialect and Tuscan dialect
Tuscany
Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.
See Dialect and Ukrainian language
Ulster Irish
Ulster Irish is the variety of Irish spoken in the province of Ulster.
Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.
See Dialect and Unification of Italy
Upper class
Upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, usually are the wealthiest members of class society, and wield the greatest political power.
Usage (language)
The usage of a language is the ways in which its written and spoken variations are routinely employed by its speakers; that is, it refers to "the collective habits of a language's native speakers", as opposed to idealized models of how a language works (or should work) in the abstract. Dialect and usage (language) are language varieties and styles.
See Dialect and Usage (language)
Varieties of Arabic
Varieties of Arabic (or dialects or vernacular languages) are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively.
See Dialect and Varieties of Arabic
Varieties of Chinese
There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
See Dialect and Varieties of Chinese
Varieties of French
Varieties of the French language are spoken in France and around the world.
See Dialect and Varieties of French
Variety (linguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a variety, also known as a lect or an isolect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. Dialect and variety (linguistics) are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
See Dialect and Variety (linguistics)
Venetian language
Venetian, wider Venetian or Venetan (łengua vèneta or vèneto) is a Romance language spoken natively in the northeast of Italy,Ethnologue mostly in Veneto, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it.
See Dialect and Venetian language
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as being of lower social status in contrast to standard language, which is more codified, institutional, literary, or formal. Dialect and Vernacular are language varieties and styles and linguistics terminology.
Vivaro-Alpine dialect
Vivaro-Alpine (vivaroalpenc, vivaroaupenc) is a variety of Occitan spoken in southeastern France (namely, around the Dauphiné area) and northwestern Italy (the Occitan Valleys of Piedmont and Liguria).
See Dialect and Vivaro-Alpine dialect
Vocabulary
A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon) is a set of words, typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual. Dialect and vocabulary are language and Lexicology.
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.
Walser German
Walser German (Walserdeutsch) and Walliser German (Walliserdeutsch, locally Wallisertiitsch) are a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in parts of Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Grisons), Italy (Piedmont, Aosta Valley), Liechtenstein (Triesenberg, Planken), and Austria (Vorarlberg).
Westphalian language
Westphalian or Westfalish (Standard High German: Westfälisch, Standard Dutch: Westfaals) is one of the major dialect groups of Low German.
See Dialect and Westphalian language
William Alexander Stewart
William Alexander Stewart (September 12, 1930 – March 25, 2002) was an American linguist specializing in creoles, known particularly for his work on African American Vernacular English.
See Dialect and William Alexander Stewart
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
Writing system
A writing system comprises a particular set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language.
See Dialect and Writing system
Wu Chinese
Wu (Wu romanization and IPA:ngu ngei, (Shanghainese), (Suzhounese), Mandarin) is a major group of Sinitic languages spoken primarily in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and the part of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, which makes up the cultural region of Wu.
Xiang Chinese
Xiang or Hsiang (Chinese: 湘; Changsha Xiang:, Mandarin), also known as Hunanese, is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Sinitic languages, spoken mainly in Hunan province but also in northern Guangxi and parts of neighboring Guizhou, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces.
Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.
Yiddish dialects
Yiddish dialects are varieties of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness.
See Dialect and Yiddish dialects
Yue Chinese
Yue is a branch of the Sinitic languages primarily spoken in Southern China, particularly in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (collectively known as Liangguang).
12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.
See also
Dialects
- Africitas
- Ardabil dialect
- Dialect
- Dialect Test
- Dialect continuum
- Dialectology
- Gascon dialect
- Niihau dialect
- On Early English Pronunciation, Part V
- Pamir Kyrgyz dialect
- Provençal dialect
- Sibuco-Vitali dialect
- Sibuguey
- Slang
- Subdialect
- Supradialect
- Tayabasin
- Yāfiʿī Arabic
Lexicology
- American Dialect Society
- Archaism
- Blue–green distinction in language
- Cacography
- Color names
- Computational lexicology
- Covariational conditional
- Cultureme
- Denotation
- Dialect
- Dialects
- Eggcorn
- English Dialect Society
- Ergonym
- Etymological calque
- Etymology
- Lexical field theory
- Lexical semantics
- Lexicogrammar
- Lexicography
- Lexicology
- List of archaic technological nomenclature
- Malapropism
- Multiword expression
- Names of European cities in different languages
- Neologism
- Neologisms
- Numeral systems
- Onomasiology
- Phraseology
- Pronunciation
- Protologism
- Pseudoword
- Pun
- Semantic change
- Semasiology
- Skunked term
- Slang
- Slavicism
- Spelling
- The English Dialect Dictionary
- Vocabulary
- Word usage
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect
Also known as Bidialectism, Dialect (linguistics), Dialect and language, Dialect cluster, Dialect group, Dialect or language, Dialectal, Dialects, Dialekt, Language and dialect, Language cluster, Language or dialect, Languoid, Multidialectical, Regiolect, Regional dialect, Regionalism (linguistics).
, Danish language, Dante Alighieri, Dialect continuum, Dialect levelling, Dialectology, Dialectometry, Dialects of Polish, Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Diglossia, Dutch dialects, Dutch language, Dutch Low Saxon, East Franconian German, Eastern Lombard dialects, Education, Egypt, Elite, Emilian–Romagnol, Endangered language, Ethnicity, Ethnolect, Ethnologue, Eye dialect, Finnish language, Florentine dialect, France, Franco-Provençal, French language, Frisian languages, Friulian language, Gail Valley dialect, Gallo-Italic languages, Gallo-Italic of Basilicata, Gallo-Italic of Sicily, Gallo-Romance languages, Gallurese, Gan Chinese, Georgian dialects, German dialects, German language, Germanic languages, Germanic peoples, Giovanni Boccaccio, Grammar, Greek language, Griko language, Guangzhou, Hakka Chinese, Heinz Kloss, High German languages, Hong Kong, Hromada (secret society), Iberian Romance languages, Idiolect, Indigenous language, Iran, Iraq, Irpinian dialect, Islam, ISO 639-3, Isogloss, Istrian dialect, Italian nationalism, Italianization, Italo-Dalmatian languages, Italy, Japanese dialects, Jargon, John J. Gumperz, John Lyons (linguist), Kajkavian, Koiné language, Korean dialects, Ladin language, Language, Language code, Language family, Languages of Calabria, Languages of Italy, Late Middle Ages, Latin, Latin script, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanon, Levant, Lexicon, Liechtenstein, Ligurian language, Limonese Creole, Lingua franca, Linguistic distance, Linguistics, List of dialects of English, Literacy, Literary language, Logogram, Logudorese Sardinian, Lombard language, Lombardy, Low Franconian, Low German, Macau, Macedonian language, Maghrebi Arabic, Malayalamoid languages, Malayic languages, Mandarin Chinese, Marche, Max Weinreich, Mòcheno language, Middle Ages, Middle Chinese, Min Chinese, Ming dynasty, Mircea Snegur, Modern Standard Arabic, Moldovan language, Molisan, Morphology (linguistics), Munster Irish, Mutual intelligibility, Naples, Narodniks, Nation language, National identity, National language, Neapolitan language, Nguni languages, North Africa, North Macedonia, Northern Italy, Norwegian dialects, Occitan language, Official language, Old Chinese, Orthodox brotherhood, Partitions of Poland, Pejorative, Pennsylvania Dutch, Petrarch, Philippines, Phonology, Piedmontese language, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Portuguese dialects, President of Moldova, Prestige (sociolinguistics), Prosody (linguistics), Quran, Regional Italian, Regional language, Register (sociolinguistics), Registration authority, Renaissance, Republic of China (1912–1949), Revolutions during the 1820s, Revolutions of 1848, Rhaeto-Romance languages, Romanesco dialect, Romanian Academy, Romanian dialects, Romansh language, Rome, Russian dialects, Russian Empire, Russian language, Sacred language, Salentino dialect, Salerno, Sardinia, Sardinian language, Sassarese language, Scanian dialect, Scouse, Serbian language, Serbo-Croatian, Shibboleth, Shtokavian, Sicilian language, SIL International, Slang, Slavic microlanguages, Slavomolisano dialect, Slovene dialects, Slovene language, Social class, Social status, Social stratification, Sociolect, Sociolinguistics, South Tyrolean dialect, Southern Bavarian, Southern Italy, Southern Romance languages, Spanish dialects and varieties, Sprachbund, Sri Lankan Tamil dialects, Standard Chinese, Standard German, Standard language, State (polity), State school, Swedish dialects, Swiss German, Switzerland, Syntax, Taiwan, Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Mandarin, Torlakian dialects, Tsar, Tuscan dialect, Tuscany, Ukrainian language, Ulster Irish, Unification of Italy, Upper class, Usage (language), Varieties of Arabic, Varieties of Chinese, Varieties of French, Variety (linguistics), Venetian language, Vernacular, Vivaro-Alpine dialect, Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin, Walser German, Westphalian language, William Alexander Stewart, World War I, Writing system, Wu Chinese, Xiang Chinese, Yiddish, Yiddish dialects, Yue Chinese, 12th century.