Earth's mantle & Harzburgite - Unionpedia, the concept map

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Difference between Earth's mantle and Harzburgite

Earth's mantle vs. Harzburgite

Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Harzburgite, an ultramafic, igneous rock, is a variety of peridotite consisting mostly of the two minerals olivine and low-calcium (Ca) pyroxene (enstatite); it is named for occurrences in the Harz Mountains of Germany.

Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Continental crust

Continental crust is the layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that forms the geological continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

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Garnet

Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

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Kimberlite

Kimberlite, an igneous rock and a rare variant of peridotite, is most commonly known to be the main host matrix for diamonds.

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Lithosphere

A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Mantle (geology)

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.

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Obduction

Obduction is a geological process whereby denser oceanic crust (and even upper mantle) is scraped off a descending ocean plate at a convergent plate boundary and thrust on top of an adjacent plate.

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Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates.

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Olivine

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula.

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Ophiolite

An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

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Partial melting

Partial melting is the phenomenon that occurs when a rock is subjected to temperatures high enough to cause certain minerals to melt, but not all of them.

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Peridotite

Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene.

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Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Pyroxene

The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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Spinel

Spinel is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.

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Upper mantle

The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about under the oceans and about under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle at.

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Xenolith

A xenolith ("foreign rock") is a rock fragment (country rock) that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification.

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