Earth analog, the Glossary
An Earth analog, also called an Earth analogue, Earth twin, or second Earth, is a planet or moon with environmental conditions similar to those found on Earth.[1]
Table of Contents
106 relations: Abiogenesis, Alan Boss, Ames Research Center, Astrobiology, Astrobiology (journal), Astronomer, Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Earth, Biosignature, BNO News, Bond albedo, Carnegie Institution for Science, Cassini–Huygens, City, CoRoT-7b, Cosmic dust, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Earliest known life forms, Earth, Ecosystem, Epistemology, Exomoon, Exoplanet, Extraterrestrial life, Forest, Galaxy, Ganymede (moon), Geography, Giovanni Schiaparelli, Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse gas, Habitability of natural satellites, Habitable zone, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Hypothesis, James Webb Space Telescope, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Kepler space telescope, Kepler-186f, Kepler-20, Kepler-20e, Kepler-20f, Kepler-452b, Kepler-69c, Kepler-9d, Lakes of Titan, LHS 475 b, Life, Magnetosphere, Mariner program, ... Expand index (56 more) »
- Planetary habitability
- Types of planet
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
See Earth analog and Abiogenesis
Alan Boss
Alan P. Boss (born in Lakewood, Ohio) is a United States astrophysicist and planetary scientist.
See Earth analog and Alan Boss
Ames Research Center
The Ames Research Center (ARC), also known as NASA Ames, is a major NASA research center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley.
See Earth analog and Ames Research Center
Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events.
See Earth analog and Astrobiology
Astrobiology (journal)
Astrobiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life across the universe.
See Earth analog and Astrobiology (journal)
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
See Earth analog and Astronomer
Astrophysics
Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena.
See Earth analog and Astrophysics
Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.
See Earth analog and Atmosphere of Earth
Biosignature
A biosignature (sometimes called chemical fossil or molecular fossil) is any substance, such as an element, isotope, molecule, or phenomenon, that provides scientific evidence of past or present life on a planet.
See Earth analog and Biosignature
BNO News
BNO News is an international news agency headquartered in Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Bond albedo
The Bond albedo (also called spheric albedo, planetary albedo, and bolometric albedo), named after the American astronomer George Phillips Bond (1825–1865), who originally proposed it, is the fraction of power in the total electromagnetic radiation incident on an astronomical body that is scattered back out into space.
See Earth analog and Bond albedo
Carnegie Institution for Science
The Carnegie Institution for Science, also known as Carnegie Science and the Carnegie Institution of Washington, is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research.
See Earth analog and Carnegie Institution for Science
Cassini–Huygens
Cassini–Huygens, commonly called Cassini, was a space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a space probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.
See Earth analog and Cassini–Huygens
City
A city is a human settlement of a notable size.
CoRoT-7b
CoRoT-7b (previously named CoRoT-Exo-7b) is an exoplanet orbiting the star CoRoT-7 in the constellation of Monoceros, from Earth.
Cosmic dust
Cosmic dustalso called extraterrestrial dust, space dust, or star dustis dust that occurs in outer space or has fallen onto Earth.
See Earth analog and Cosmic dust
Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Dirk Schulze-Makuch (born 1964) is a professor at the Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Technische Universität Berlin, Germany and adjunct professor at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
See Earth analog and Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Earliest known life forms
The earliest known life forms on Earth may be as old as 4.1 billion years old (or Ga) according to biologically fractionated graphite inside a single zircon grain in the Jack Hills range of Australia.
See Earth analog and Earliest known life forms
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
See Earth analog and Ecosystem
Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge.
See Earth analog and Epistemology
Exomoon
access-date.
Exoplanet
An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. Earth analog and exoplanet are types of planet.
See Earth analog and Exoplanet
Extraterrestrial life, alien life, or colloquially simply aliens, is life which does not originate from Earth.
See Earth analog and Extraterrestrial life
Forest
A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees.
Galaxy
A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.
Ganymede (moon)
Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter and in the Solar System.
See Earth analog and Ganymede (moon)
Geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Earth analog and Geography are Earth sciences.
See Earth analog and Geography
Giovanni Schiaparelli
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (14 March 1835 – 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian.
See Earth analog and Giovanni Schiaparelli
Greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature.
See Earth analog and Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth.
See Earth analog and Greenhouse gas
Habitability of natural satellites
The habitability of natural satellites is the potential of moons to provide habitats for life, though it is not an indicator that they harbor it. Earth analog and habitability of natural satellites are planetary habitability.
See Earth analog and Habitability of natural satellites
Habitable zone
In astronomy and astrobiology, the habitable zone (HZ), or more precisely the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. Earth analog and habitable zone are planetary habitability.
See Earth analog and Habitable zone
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
The Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), previously known as the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, is an astrophysics research institute jointly operated by the Harvard College Observatory and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
See Earth analog and Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
See Earth analog and Hypothesis
James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.
See Earth analog and James Webb Space Telescope
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States.
See Earth analog and Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Kepler space telescope
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars.
See Earth analog and Kepler space telescope
Kepler-186f
Kepler-186f (also known by its Kepler object of interest designation KOI-571.05) is an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-186, the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by NASA's ''Kepler'' spacecraft.
See Earth analog and Kepler-186f
Kepler-20
Kepler-20 is a star about from Earth in the constellation Lyra with a system of at least five, and possibly six, known planets.
See Earth analog and Kepler-20
Kepler-20e
Kepler-20e is an exoplanet orbiting Kepler-20.
See Earth analog and Kepler-20e
Kepler-20f
Kepler-20f (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-070.05) is an exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-20, the second outermost of five such planets discovered by NASA's ''Kepler'' spacecraft.
See Earth analog and Kepler-20f
Kepler-452b
Kepler-452b (sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or Earth's Cousin based on its characteristics; also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-7016.01) is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the inner edge of the habitable zone of the sun-like star Kepler-452 and is the only planet in the system discovered by the Kepler space telescope.
See Earth analog and Kepler-452b
Kepler-69c
Kepler-69c (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-172.02) is a confirmed super-Earth extrasolar planet, likely rocky, orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-69, the outermore of two such planets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft.
See Earth analog and Kepler-69c
Kepler-9d
Kepler-9d (formerly known as KOI-377.03) is a planet in orbit around the Sun-like star Kepler-9.
See Earth analog and Kepler-9d
Lakes of Titan
Lakes of liquid ethane and methane exist on the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
See Earth analog and Lakes of Titan
LHS 475 b
LHS 475 b is a terrestrial planet orbiting the star LHS 475 which is about 40.7 light years away, in the constellation of Octans.
See Earth analog and LHS 475 b
Life
Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.
Magnetosphere
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field.
See Earth analog and Magnetosphere
Mariner program
The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets.
See Earth analog and Mariner program
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
Mars in fiction
Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, has appeared as a setting in works of fiction since at least the mid-1600s.
See Earth analog and Mars in fiction
Mars ocean theory
The Mars ocean theory states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history.
See Earth analog and Mars ocean theory
Martian canals
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was erroneously believed that there were "canals" on the planet Mars.
See Earth analog and Martian canals
Mediocrity principle
The mediocrity principle is the philosophical notion that "if an item is drawn at random from one of several sets or categories, it's more likely to come from the most numerous category than from any one of the less numerous categories".
See Earth analog and Mediocrity principle
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.
See Earth analog and Milky Way
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
Names of large numbers
Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales.
See Earth analog and Names of large numbers
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite).
See Earth analog and Natural satellite
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Earth analog and Nature (journal)
NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.
Observable universe
The observable universe is a ball-shaped region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time; the electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.
See Earth analog and Observable universe
Ocean
The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.
Outline of life forms
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life forms: A life form (also spelled life-form or lifeform) is an entity that is living, such as plants (flora), animals (fauna), and fungi (funga).
See Earth analog and Outline of life forms
Parsec
The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure the large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System, approximately equal to or (AU), i.e..
Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell (March 13, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was an American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer who fueled speculation that there were canals on Mars, and furthered theories of a ninth planet within the Solar System.
See Earth analog and Percival Lowell
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
See Earth analog and Philosophy
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Earth analog and Photosynthesis
Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.
Planetary equilibrium temperature
The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it were in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption that it radiates as a black body being heated only by its parent star.
See Earth analog and Planetary equilibrium temperature
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and maintain environments hospitable to life.
See Earth analog and Planetary habitability
Planetary surface
A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space.
See Earth analog and Planetary surface
Popular culture
Popular culture (also called mass culture or pop culture) is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of practices, beliefs, artistic output (also known as popular art or mass art) and objects that are dominant or prevalent in a society at a given point in time.
See Earth analog and Popular culture
Proxima Centauri b
Proxima Centauri b (or Proxima b), also referred to as Alpha Centauri Cb, is an exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to the Sun and part of the larger triple star system Alpha Centauri.
See Earth analog and Proxima Centauri b
Rare Earth hypothesis
In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth, and subsequently human intelligence, required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances.
See Earth analog and Rare Earth hypothesis
Red dwarf
A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence.
See Earth analog and Red dwarf
Science
Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.
Science fiction
Science fiction (sometimes shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.
See Earth analog and Science fiction
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets.
See Earth analog and Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
See Earth analog and Sedimentary rock
Solar analog
Solar-type stars, solar analogs (also analogues), and solar twins are stars that are particularly similar to the Sun.
See Earth analog and Solar analog
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
See Earth analog and Solar System
Space and survival
Space and survival is the idea that the long-term survival of the human species and technological civilization requires the building of a spacefaring civilization that utilizes the resources of outer space, and that not doing this might lead to human extinction.
See Earth analog and Space and survival
Space colonization
Space colonization is the use of outer space for colonization, such as permanent habitation, exploitation or territorial claims.
See Earth analog and Space colonization
Space.com
Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.
See Earth analog and Space.com
Star
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.
Sub-Earth
A sub-Earth is a planet "substantially less massive" than Earth and Venus. Earth analog and sub-Earth are types of planet.
See Earth analog and Sub-Earth
Super-Earth
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. Earth analog and Super-Earth are types of planet.
See Earth analog and Super-Earth
Superhabitable world
A superhabitable world is a hypothetical type of planet or moon that is better suited than Earth for the emergence and evolution of life.
See Earth analog and Superhabitable world
Tau Ceti
Tau Ceti, Latinized from τ Ceti, is a single star in the constellation Cetus that is spectrally similar to the Sun, although it has only about 78% of the Sun's mass.
Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.
See Earth analog and Temperature
Terraforming
Terraforming or terraformation ("Earth-shaping") is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology of a planet, moon, or other body to be similar to the environment of Earth to make it habitable for humans to live on. Earth analog and Terraforming are planetary habitability.
See Earth analog and Terraforming
Terrestrial planet
A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet, is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate, rocks or metals. Earth analog and terrestrial planet are types of planet.
See Earth analog and Terrestrial planet
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Earth analog and The New York Times
Tidal force
The tidal force or tide-generating force is a gravitational effect that stretches a body along the line towards and away from the center of mass of another body due to spatial variations in strength in gravitational field from the other body.
See Earth analog and Tidal force
Titan (moon)
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest in the Solar System.
See Earth analog and Titan (moon)
Topography
Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.
See Earth analog and Topography
TRAPPIST-1
|- ! style.
See Earth analog and TRAPPIST-1
Uncertainty quantification
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications.
See Earth analog and Uncertainty quantification
Universe
The universe is all of space and time and their contents.
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
Venus in fiction
The planet Venus has been used as a setting in fiction since before the 19th century.
See Earth analog and Venus in fiction
Viking program
The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2, which landed on Mars in 1976.
See Earth analog and Viking program
Vincent Ialenti
Vincent Ialenti is an American anthropologist who studies the culture of nuclear energy and weapons waste organizations.
See Earth analog and Vincent Ialenti
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.
See also
Planetary habitability
- Earth analog
- Extraterrestrial liquid water
- Extraterrestrial water
- Galactic habitable zone
- Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
- Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
- Habitability of binary star systems
- Habitability of natural satellites
- Habitability of neutron star systems
- Habitability of red dwarf systems
- Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
- Habitable zone
- Habitable zone for complex life
- List of potentially habitable exoplanets
- Planetary habitability
- Planetary habitability in the Solar System
- Terraforming
- Vicarious Hypothesis
Types of planet
- Brown dwarf
- Circumbinary planet
- Double planet
- Dwarf planet
- Dwarf planets
- Earth analog
- Eccentric Jupiter
- Exoplanet
- Extragalactic planet
- Gas giant
- Giant planet
- Giant planets
- Hot Jupiter
- Hot Jupiters
- Hot Neptune
- Hot Neptunes
- Hycean planet
- Ice planet
- Iron planet
- Lava planet
- List of planet types
- Mega-Earth
- Mesoplanet
- Ocean world
- Protoplanet
- Protoplanets
- Pulsar planet
- Pulsar planets
- Rogue planet
- Rogue planets
- Sub-Earth
- Sub-brown dwarf
- Super-Earth
- Super-Earths
- Super-Jupiter
- Super-Neptune
- Super-puff
- Synestia
- Terrestrial planet
- Terrestrial planets
- Toroidal planet
- Ultra-short period planet
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_analog
Also known as Earth 2.0, Earth 2.0 mission, Earth 2.0 mission (China), Earth analogs, Earth analogue, Earth-like exoplanet, Earth-like exoplanets, Earth-like world, Estimated frequency of Earth-like planets, Most Earth-like exoplanets, Second Earth.
, Mars, Mars in fiction, Mars ocean theory, Martian canals, Mediocrity principle, Milky Way, Moon, Names of large numbers, NASA, Natural satellite, Nature (journal), NBC News, Observable universe, Ocean, Outline of life forms, Parsec, Percival Lowell, Philosophy, Photosynthesis, Planet, Planetary equilibrium temperature, Planetary habitability, Planetary surface, Popular culture, Proxima Centauri b, Rare Earth hypothesis, Red dwarf, Science, Science fiction, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Sedimentary rock, Solar analog, Solar System, Space and survival, Space colonization, Space.com, Star, Sub-Earth, Super-Earth, Superhabitable world, Tau Ceti, Temperature, Terraforming, Terrestrial planet, The New York Times, Tidal force, Titan (moon), Topography, TRAPPIST-1, Uncertainty quantification, Universe, Venus, Venus in fiction, Viking program, Vincent Ialenti, Weather.