Eastern Arabia, the Glossary
Eastern Arabia, is a region stretched from Basra to Khasab along the Persian Gulf coast and included parts of modern-day Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (Eastern Province), and the United Arab Emirates.[1]
Table of Contents
262 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid Revolution, Abd al-Qays, Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud, Abu al-Bahlul al-Awwam, Abu Hurayra, Abu Nasr al-Jawhari, Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, Achaemenid Arabia, Achaemenid dynasty, Achaemenid Empire, Ajman (tribe), Ajwad ibn Zamil, Akkadian Empire, Akkadian language, Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al-Ahsa Governorate, Al-Ahsa Oasis, Al-Ala al-Hadhrami, Al-Bahrani, Al-Maqdisi, Al-Mubarraz, Al-Muntafiq, Alexander the Great, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Anizah, Anti-Lebanon mountains, Antiochus III the Great, Anushtegin dynasty, Arab Christians, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arab world, Arabian bustard, Arabian Peninsula, Arabs, Arad, Bahrain, Aramaic, Archipelago, Ardashir I, Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, Assyria, Atabeg, Babylon, Baghdad, Bahrain, Bahrain Island, Bahrain National Museum, Bani Khalid (tribe), ... Expand index (212 more) »
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Eastern Arabia and Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid Revolution, also called the Movement of the Men of the Black Raiment (حركة رجال الثياب السوداء ḥaraka rijāl ath-thiyāb as-sawdāʾ), was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE), the second of the four major Caliphates in Islamic history, by the third, the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517 CE).
See Eastern Arabia and Abbasid Revolution
Abd al-Qays
The Abd al-Qays (عبد القيس) is an ancient Arabian tribe from the Rabi'a branch of the North Arabian tribes.
See Eastern Arabia and Abd al-Qays
Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud
Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud (ʿAbd Allāh bin Suʿūd Āl Suʿūd; died May 1819) was the ruler of the First Saudi State from 1814 to 1818.
See Eastern Arabia and Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud
Abu al-Bahlul al-Awwam
Al-Awwam bin Mohammad bin Yusuf Al-Zajaj (Arabic: العوامبن محمد بن يوسف الزَجاج), known as Abu al-Bahlul (Arabic: ابو البهلول، Father of Al-Bahlul) was a Shiite member of the Abdul Qays tribe in Bahrain who overthrew Ismaili Qarmatian rule of the islands around 1058.
See Eastern Arabia and Abu al-Bahlul al-Awwam
Abu Hurayra
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī (أبُو هُرَيْرَة عَبْد ٱلرَّحْمَٰن بْن صَخْر ٱلدَّوْسِيّ ٱلزَّهْرَانِيّ; –679), commonly known as Abū Hurayra (أبُو هُرَيْرَة), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the most prolific hadith narrator in Sunni Islam.
See Eastern Arabia and Abu Hurayra
Abu Nasr al-Jawhari
Abu Nasr Isma'il ibn Hammad al-Jawhari (ابو نصرإسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري) also spelled al-Jauhari (died 1002 or 1008) was a medieval Turkic lexicographer and the author of a notable Arabic dictionary al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-Lughah (الصحاح في اللغة).
See Eastern Arabia and Abu Nasr al-Jawhari
Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
Abu Sa'id Hasan ibn Bahram al-Jannabi (845/855–913/914) was a Shia and the founder of the Qarmatian state in Bahrayn (an area comprising the eastern parts of modern Saudi Arabia as well as the Persian Gulf).
See Eastern Arabia and Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
Achaemenid Arabia
Arabia (Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹, Arabāya) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire.
See Eastern Arabia and Achaemenid Arabia
Achaemenid dynasty
The Achaemenid dynasty was a royal house that ruled the Persian Empire, which eventually stretched from Egypt and Thrace in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east.
See Eastern Arabia and Achaemenid dynasty
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Eastern Arabia and Achaemenid Empire
Ajman (tribe)
Al-Ajman or al-'Ijman (العُجمان, singular Ajmi العجمي) is an Arabian tribal confederation in the Arabian Peninsula, with Ajman spread across Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait.
See Eastern Arabia and Ajman (tribe)
Ajwad ibn Zamil
Ajwad bin Zamil bin Saif Al-Aqili Al Khaldi (أجود بن زامل بن سيف العقيلي الخالدي, born in 1418, died in 1496) was ruler of the Jabrids who in the late 15th century united most of the Eastern Arabia under one state.
See Eastern Arabia and Ajwad ibn Zamil
Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.
See Eastern Arabia and Akkadian Empire
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Eastern Arabia and Akkadian language
Al Arabiya
Al Arabiya (العربية, transliterated:; meaning "The Arabic One" or "The Arab One") is a Saudi state-owned international Arabic news television channel.
See Eastern Arabia and Al Arabiya
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See Eastern Arabia and Al Jazeera Media Network
Al-Ahsa Governorate
Al Ahsa (Al-Aḥsāʾ, locally pronounced Al-Ḥasāʾ (ٱلْحَسَاء)) also known as Hajar (هجر) is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after the Al-Ahsa Oasis.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Ahsa Governorate
Al-Ahsa Oasis
Al-Ahsa Oasis (الْأَحْسَاء, al-ʾAhsā), also known as al-Ḥasāʾ (الْحَسَاء) or Hajar (هَجَر), is an oasis and historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Ahsa Oasis
Al-Ala al-Hadhrami
Al-Ala al-Hadrami (al-ʿAlāʾ al-Haḍramī; died 635–636 or 641–642) was an early Muslim commander and the tax collector of Bahrayn (eastern Arabia) under the Islamic prophet Muhammad in and Bahrayn's governor in 632–636 and 637–638 under caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Ala al-Hadhrami
Al-Bahrani
Kamal al-Din Maytham ibn Ali (translit; 1238–1299), commonly known by the al-Bahrani (translit), was a leading thirteenth-century Twelver Shia theologian, author and philosopher.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Bahrani
Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr (translit; 991), commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi (translit) or al-Muqaddasī (ٱلْمُقَدَّسِي) was a medieval Palestinian Arab geographer, author of Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm (The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions), as well as author of the book, Description of Syria (Including Palestine).
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Maqdisi
Al-Mubarraz
Al-Mubarraz is a city located at Al-Ahsa in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Mubarraz
Al-Muntafiq
Al-Muntafiq (المنتفق) was a large Arab tribal confederation of southern Iraq and Kuwait.
See Eastern Arabia and Al-Muntafiq
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Eastern Arabia and Alexander the Great
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Eastern Arabia and Ancient Egypt
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Eastern Arabia and Ancient Greek
Anizah
Anizah or Anazah (ʻanizah, Najdi pronunciation) is an Arabian tribe in the Arabian Peninsula, Upper Mesopotamia, and the Levant.
Anti-Lebanon mountains
The Anti-Lebanon mountains (eastern mountains of Lebanon) are a southwest–northeast-trending, c. long mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.
See Eastern Arabia and Anti-Lebanon mountains
Antiochus III the Great
Antiochus III the Great (Ἀντίοχος ὁ Μέγας; 3 July 187 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 223 to 187 BC.
See Eastern Arabia and Antiochus III the Great
Anushtegin dynasty
The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English:, خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (خوارزمشاهیان) was a PersianateC. E. Bosworth:.
See Eastern Arabia and Anushtegin dynasty
Arab Christians
Arab Christians (translit) are ethnic Arabs, Arab nationals, or Arabic speakers, who follow Christianity.
See Eastern Arabia and Arab Christians
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf or the Arab Gulf states (دول الخليج العربي) refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf.
See Eastern Arabia and Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
See Eastern Arabia and Arab world
Arabian bustard
The Arabian bustard (Ardeotis arabs) is a species of bustard which is found across the Sahel region of Africa and south western Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Arabian bustard
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Eastern Arabia and Arabian Peninsula
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Arad, Bahrain
Arad (عراد) is a town in Bahrain, located on Muharraq Island.
See Eastern Arabia and Arad, Bahrain
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
See Eastern Arabia and Aramaic
Archipelago
An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
See Eastern Arabia and Archipelago
Ardashir I
Ardashir I (𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥; transl), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Persian Sasanian Empire.
See Eastern Arabia and Ardashir I
Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren
Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren (25 October 1760, Arbergen6 March 1842, Göttingen) was a German historian.
See Eastern Arabia and Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
See Eastern Arabia and Assyria
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince.
Babylon
Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.
See Eastern Arabia and Babylon
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
See Eastern Arabia and Baghdad
Bahrain
Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.
See Eastern Arabia and Bahrain
Bahrain Island
Bahrain Island (جزيرة البحرين Jazīrah al-Baḥrayn), also known as al-Awal Island and formerly as Bahrein, is the largest island within the archipelago of Bahrain, and forms the bulk of the country's land mass while hosting the majority of its population.
See Eastern Arabia and Bahrain Island
Bahrain National Museum
The Bahrain National Museum (متحف البحرين الوطني) is the largest and oldest public museum in Bahrain.
See Eastern Arabia and Bahrain National Museum
Bani Khalid (tribe)
Bani Khalid (بني خالد) is an Arab tribal confederation mainly inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula.
See Eastern Arabia and Bani Khalid (tribe)
Bani Malik (tribe)
Bani Malik (بني مالك) or Banu Malik (بنو مالك) (The Sons of Malik) is one of the major Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.
See Eastern Arabia and Bani Malik (tribe)
Banu Amir
The Banu Amir (translit) was a large and ancient Arab tribe originating from Western Arabia that dominated Najd for centuries after the rise of Islam.
See Eastern Arabia and Banu Amir
Banu Uqayl
Banu Uqayl (بنو عُـقَـيـْل) are an ancient Arab tribe that played an important role in the history of Eastern Arabia and Iraq.
See Eastern Arabia and Banu Uqayl
Basra
Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.
Bazaar
A bazaar or souk is a marketplace consisting of multiple small stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and South Asia.
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
See Eastern Arabia and Bedouin
Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (وادي البقاع,, Lebanese; also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region.
See Eastern Arabia and Beqaa Valley
Bitumen
Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum.
See Eastern Arabia and Bitumen
Bubiyan Island
Bubiyan Island (جزيرة بوبيان) is the largest island in the Kuwaiti coastal island chain situated in the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf, with an area of.
See Eastern Arabia and Bubiyan Island
Burna-Buriash II
Burna-Buriaš II (rendered in cuneiform as Bur-na- or Bur-ra-Bu-ri-ia-aš, and meaning servant/protégé of the Lord of the lands in the Kassite language), was a king in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon, in a kingdom contemporarily called Karduniaš, ruling ca.
See Eastern Arabia and Burna-Buriash II
Bustard
Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and in steppe regions.
See Eastern Arabia and Bustard
Cairo
Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
See Eastern Arabia and Caliphate
Carnelian
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone.
See Eastern Arabia and Carnelian
Carsten Niebuhr
Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr (17 March 1733 Lüdingworth – 26 April 1815 Meldorf, Dithmarschen), was a German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer in the service of Denmark.
See Eastern Arabia and Carsten Niebuhr
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Eastern Arabia and Central Asia
Chaldea
Chaldea was a small country that existed between the late 10th or early 9th and mid-6th centuries BC, after which the country and its people were absorbed and assimilated into the indigenous population of Babylonia.
See Eastern Arabia and Chaldea
Characene
Characene (Ancient Greek: Χαρακηνή), also known as Mesene (Μεσσήνη) or Meshan, was a kingdom founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines located at the head of the Persian Gulf mostly within modern day Iraq.
See Eastern Arabia and Characene
Church of the East
The Church of the East (''ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā''.) or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the Nestorian Church, is one of three major branches of Nicene Eastern Christianity that arose from the Christological controversies of the 5th and 6th centuries, alongside the Miaphisite churches (which came to be known as the Oriental Orthodox Churches) and the Chalcedonian Church (whose Eastern branch would later become the Eastern Orthodox Church).
See Eastern Arabia and Church of the East
Clay tablet
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian 𒁾) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
See Eastern Arabia and Clay tablet
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
See Eastern Arabia and Common Era
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence.
See Eastern Arabia and Companions of the Prophet
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
Creation myth
A creation myth or cosmogonic myth is a type of cosmogony, a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.
See Eastern Arabia and Creation myth
Culture of Eastern Arabia
There is a rich and ancient culture in Eastern Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Culture of Eastern Arabia
Culture of Kuwait
Culture of Kuwait describes the cultural aspects of the Kuwaiti society and is part of the Eastern Arabian culture.
See Eastern Arabia and Culture of Kuwait
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
See Eastern Arabia and Cuneiform
Dadisho Qatraya
Dadisho Qatraya or Dadisho of Qatar (ܕܕܝܫܘܥ ܩܛܪܝܐ; late 7th century) was a Nestorian monk and author of ascetic literature in Syriac.
See Eastern Arabia and Dadisho Qatraya
Date palm
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates.
See Eastern Arabia and Date palm
Dawasir
Al Dawasir (Arabic: الدواسر) (singular: Al Dosari, Arabic: الدوسري) is an Arab tribe in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and other Gulf states.
See Eastern Arabia and Dawasir
Dibba
Dibbā (دِبَّا) is a coastal area at the northern tip of the eastern Arabian peninsula on the Gulf of Oman.
Dilmun
Dilmun, or Telmun, (Sumerian:,Transliteration: Similar text: later 𒉌𒌇(𒆠), NI.TUKki.
Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
At the height of its power, in the 10th century AD, the dioceses of the Church of the East numbered well over a hundred and stretched from Egypt to China.
See Eastern Arabia and Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
Diriyah
Diriyah (الدِرْعِيّة, ad-Dir‘īyah, approximate meaning ‘place of armor’), formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya, is a town and governorate in Saudi Arabia located on the northwestern outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh.
See Eastern Arabia and Diriyah
Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
See Eastern Arabia and Dual (grammatical number)
Durham University
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837.
See Eastern Arabia and Durham University
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)
The Early Dynastic period (abbreviated ED period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods.
See Eastern Arabia and Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)
Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
The Eastern Province (المنطقة الشرقية), also known as the Eastern Region, is the easternmost of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Ecclesiastical province
An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction in Christian churches, including those of both Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity, that have traditional hierarchical structures.
See Eastern Arabia and Ecclesiastical province
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Egyptians
Egyptians (translit,; translit,; remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
See Eastern Arabia and Egyptians
Enjoining good and forbidding wrong
Enjoining good and forbidding wrong (al-amru bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-n-nahyu ʿani-l-munkari) are two important duties imposed by Allah in Islam, as revealed in the Quran and Hadith.
See Eastern Arabia and Enjoining good and forbidding wrong
Enki
Enki (𒀭𒂗𒆠) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (gestú), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.
Enmerkar
Enmerkar was an ancient Sumerian ruler to whom the construction of the city of Uruk and a 420-year reign was attributed.
See Eastern Arabia and Enmerkar
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta is a legendary Sumerian account, preserved in early post-Sumerian copies, composed in the Neo-Sumerian period (ca. 21st century BC).
See Eastern Arabia and Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Epic of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia.
See Eastern Arabia and Epic of Gilgamesh
Epic poetry
An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants.
See Eastern Arabia and Epic poetry
Epithet
An epithet, also a byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) commonly accompanying or occurring in place of the name of a real or fictitious person, place, or thing.
See Eastern Arabia and Epithet
Eridu
Eridu (𒆠|translit.
Eridu Genesis
Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Flood Story and the Sumerian Deluge Myth, offers a description of the story surrounding how humanity was created by the gods, how the office of kingship entered human civilization, the circumstances leading to the origins of the first cities, and the global flood.
See Eastern Arabia and Eridu Genesis
Erythraean Sea
The Erythraean Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα, Erythrà Thálassa) was a former maritime designation that always included the Gulf of Aden, and at times other seas between Arabia Felix and the Horn of Africa.
See Eastern Arabia and Erythraean Sea
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.
See Eastern Arabia and Ethnologue
Fars (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
Metropolitanate of Fars was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the sixth and twelfth centuries.
See Eastern Arabia and Fars (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
See Eastern Arabia and Fatimid Caliphate
Fijiri
Fidjeri (Arabic: الفجيري; sometimes spelled fijri or fidjeri) is the specific repertoire of vocal music sung by the pearl divers of Eastern Arabia's coastal Gulf states, especially Bahrain and Kuwait.
Gabriel of Qatar
Gabriel of Qatar, also known as Gabriel Qaṭraya bar Lipeh, was a Qatari Syriac writer of the Church of the East.
See Eastern Arabia and Gabriel of Qatar
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Eastern Arabia and Geography (Ptolemy)
Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh (𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦|translit.
See Eastern Arabia and Gilgamesh
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
Gujarat
Gujarat is a state along the western coast of India.
See Eastern Arabia and Gujarat
Gulf Arabic
Gulf Arabic (خليجي local pronunciation: or اللهجة الخليجية, local pronunciation) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman, and by some Iranian Arabs.
See Eastern Arabia and Gulf Arabic
Gulf Cooperation Council
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية.), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
See Eastern Arabia and Gulf Cooperation Council
Gulf News
Gulf News is a daily English language newspaper published from Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
See Eastern Arabia and Gulf News
Gulf of Bahrain
The Gulf of Bahrain is an inlet of the Persian Gulf on the east coast of Saudi Arabia, separated from the main body of water by the peninsula of Qatar.
See Eastern Arabia and Gulf of Bahrain
Hajar Mountains
The Hajar Mountains (Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains or The Stone Mountains) are one of the highest mountain ranges in the Arabian Peninsula, shared between northern Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates.
See Eastern Arabia and Hajar Mountains
Hajr
Hajr (Ḥajr), also known as Hajr al-Yamamah (Ḥajr al-Yamāmah) or Khadra Hajr, was an ancient city founded by the Hanifites that roughly emerged in 5th century pre-Islamic Arabia and existed until 16th century in modern-day Riyadh in the Najd region of present-day Saudi Arabia.
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.
See Eastern Arabia and Harappa
Harriet Crawford
Harriet Elizabeth Walston Crawford, Lady Swinnerton-Dyer (born 1937) is a British archaeologist.
See Eastern Arabia and Harriet Crawford
Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.
See Eastern Arabia and Herodotus
Hijrah
The Hijrah (hijra, originally 'a severing of ties of kinship or association'), also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina.
Hijri year
The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويمالهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar.
See Eastern Arabia and Hijri year
Historical region
Historical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions which, at some point in history, had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of latter-day borders.
See Eastern Arabia and Historical region
Histories (Herodotus)
The Histories (Ἱστορίαι, Historíai; also known as The History) of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature.
See Eastern Arabia and Histories (Herodotus)
History of Mesopotamia
The history of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity.
See Eastern Arabia and History of Mesopotamia
Hofuf
Al-Hofuf (ٱلْهُفُوف, also spelled Hofuf or Hufuf, also known as "Al-Hasa", "Al-Ahsa" or "Al-Hassa") is the major urban city in the Al-Ahsa Oasis in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a population of 729,606 (as of 2022).
House of Saud
The House of Al Saud (ʾĀl Suʿūd) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and House of Saud
Hyspaosines
Hyspaosines (also spelled Aspasine) was the founder of Characene, a kingdom situated in southern Mesopotamia.
See Eastern Arabia and Hyspaosines
Ibadi Islam
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism (al-ʾIbāḍiyya) is a branch inside Islam, which many believe is descended from the Kharijites.
See Eastern Arabia and Ibadi Islam
Ibn Battuta
Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (24 February 13041368/1369), commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar.
See Eastern Arabia and Ibn Battuta
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (ابن حجر العسقلاني; 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449), or simply ibn Ḥajar, was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith." He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.
See Eastern Arabia and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
Ilī-ippašra
Ilī-ippašra, inscribed DINGIRmeš-ip-pa-aš-ra, and meaning "My god(s) became reconciled with me", was a Babylonian who may have been adopted or apprenticed during the reign of Kassite king Kurigalzu I, ending c. 1375 BC, and rose to become an official, possibly the governor of Dilmun, during the later reign of Burna-Buriaš II, ca.
See Eastern Arabia and Ilī-ippašra
Inanna
Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility.
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
See Eastern Arabia and Indus Valley Civilisation
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
Isaac the Syrian
Isaac the Syrian (Arabic: إسحاق النينوي Ishaq an-Naynuwī; Ἰσαὰκ Σῦρος; c. 613 – c. 700), also remembered as Saint Isaac the Syrian, Isaac of Nineveh, Abba Isaac, Isaac Syrus and Isaac of Qatar, was a 7th-century Syriac Christian bishop and theologian best remembered for his written works on Christian asceticism.
See Eastern Arabia and Isaac the Syrian
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
See Eastern Arabia and Islamic calendar
Isma'ilism
Isma'ilism (translit) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam.
See Eastern Arabia and Isma'ilism
Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.
Jabrids
The Jabrids (al-Jabrīyūn) or Banu Jabr were an Arab dynasty that ruled all of Arabia except for Hejaz, parts of Oman and Yemen, and expanded into Iran's southern coast, controlling the Strait of Hormuz.
See Eastern Arabia and Jabrids
Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
Jacques Nicolas Bellin (1703 – 21 March 1772) was a French hydrographer, geographer, and member of the French intellectual group called the philosophes.
See Eastern Arabia and Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
Jarwanid dynasty
The Jarwanid dynasty was an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia in the 14th century.
See Eastern Arabia and Jarwanid dynasty
Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville
Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (born in Paris 11 July 169728 January 1782) was a French geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making.
See Eastern Arabia and Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville
Jebel Hafeet
Jabal Hafeet (Jabal Ḥafīt, "Mount Hafeet"; variously transcribed Jabel or Jebal and Hafit – literally "empty mountain") is a mountain in the region of Tawam, on the border of the United Arab Emirates and Oman, which may be considered an outlier of the Hajar Mountains in Eastern Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Jebel Hafeet
Juan Cole
John Ricardo Irfan "Juan" Cole (born October 23, 1952) is an American academic and commentator on the modern Middle East and South Asia.
See Eastern Arabia and Juan Cole
Jubur
Jubur (جبور, also spelled Jebour, Jibour, Jubour, Jabur, Jaburi, Jebouri, and Jabara) is the largest Arab tribe in Iraq that scattered throughout central Iraq.
Kassites
The Kassites were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire and until (short chronology).
See Eastern Arabia and Kassites
Khamis Mosque
The Khamis Mosque (مَسْجِدُ ٱلْخَمِيسِ; transliterated: Masǧid al-ḫamīs) is believed to be the first mosque in Bahrain, built during the era of the Umayyad caliph Umar II.
See Eastern Arabia and Khamis Mosque
Khasab
Khasab (Ḫaṣab) is a town and local capital of the Musandam Governorate which is an exclave of Oman bordering the United Arab Emirates at the tip of the Musandam Peninsula by the Strait of Hormuz.
Khatt
Khatt is a mountainous village south-east of the city of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
Kufa
Kufa (الْكُوفَة), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf.
Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.
Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
See Eastern Arabia and Lapis lazuli
Liwa (music)
Līwa (ليوه / ALA-LC: laywah) is a Khaleeji traditional dance of African origin performed in Eastern Arabia (Arab states of the Persian Gulf), mainly within communities of descendants of people from the Swahili Coast (Tanzania and Zanzibar).
See Eastern Arabia and Liwa (music)
Lothal
Lothal was one of the southernmost sites of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the Indian state of Gujarat.
Mahooz
Mahooz is a neighborhood of Manama, Bahrain.
Manama
Manama (الْمَنَامَة, Bahrani pronunciation) is the capital and largest city of Bahrain, with an approximate population of 200,000 as of 2020.
Marine Industries
Marine Industries Limited (MIL) was a Canadian ship building, hydro-electric and rail car manufacturing company, in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec, with a shipyard located on the Richelieu river about 1 km from the St. Lawrence River.
See Eastern Arabia and Marine Industries
Mashu
Mashu, as described in the Epic of Gilgamesh of Mesopotamian mythology, is a great cedar mountain through which the hero-king Gilgamesh passes via a tunnel on his journey to Dilmun after leaving the Cedar Forest, a forest of ten thousand leagues span.
Mazun (Sasanian province)
Mazun was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, which corresponded to modern-day Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and the northern half of Oman.
See Eastern Arabia and Mazun (Sasanian province)
MBC Group
MBC Group (Majmūʿat ʾIm Bī Sī), formerly known as Middle East Broadcasting Center (label), is a Saudi media conglomerate based in the Middle East and North Africa region.
See Eastern Arabia and MBC Group
Meluhha
or (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠) is the Sumerian name of a prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age.
See Eastern Arabia and Meluhha
Messiah
In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.
See Eastern Arabia and Messiah
Mizrahi Jews
Mizrahi Jews (יהודי המִזְרָח), also known as Mizrahim (מִזְרָחִים) or Mizrachi (מִזְרָחִי) and alternatively referred to as Oriental Jews or Edot HaMizrach (עֲדוֹת־הַמִּזְרָח), are terms used in Israeli discourse to refer to a grouping of Jewish communities that lived in the Muslim world.
See Eastern Arabia and Mizrahi Jews
Mosque
A mosque, also called a masjid, is a place of worship for Muslims.
Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān,; ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ,,, ṭūr lewnōn) is a mountain range in Lebanon.
See Eastern Arabia and Mount Lebanon
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
See Eastern Arabia and Muhammad
Muhammad Ali dynasty
The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century.
See Eastern Arabia and Muhammad Ali dynasty
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān al-Tamīmī (2; 1703–1792) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, religious leader, jurist, and reformer from Najd in central Arabia, considered as the eponymous founder of the so-called Wahhabi movement.
See Eastern Arabia and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Muharraq
Muharraq (al-Muḥarraq) is Bahrain's third-largest city and served as its capital until 1932 when it was replaced by Manama.
See Eastern Arabia and Muharraq
Muharraq Island
Muharraq Island, formerly known as Moharek, is the second largest island in the archipelago of Bahrain after Bahrain Island.
See Eastern Arabia and Muharraq Island
Muqrin ibn Zamil
Muqrin ibn Zamil (مقرن بن زامل Miqrin ibin Zāmil) was the Jabrid ruler of eastern Arabia, including al-Hasa, al-Qatif, and Bahrain, and the last Jabrid ruler of Bahrain and Eastern Arabia.
See Eastern Arabia and Muqrin ibn Zamil
Musandam Peninsula
The Musandam Peninsula (Jazīrat Musandam / Raʾs Musandam), locally known as Ruus Al Jibal (Ruʾūs al-Jibāl Capes of the Mountains), is a peninsula that forms the northeastern point of the Arabian Peninsula.
See Eastern Arabia and Musandam Peninsula
Mutayr
Al-Mutairi is an Arab tribe with origins in the northern Hejaz near Medina, in present day Saudi Arabia.
Najd
Najd (نَجْدٌ) is the central region of Saudi Arabia, in which about a third of the country's modern population resides.
Nearchus
Nearchus or Nearchos (Νέαρχος; – 300 BC) was one of the Greek officers, a navarch, in the army of Alexander the Great.
See Eastern Arabia and Nearchus
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Eastern Arabia and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Ninhursag
Ninḫursaĝ (𒀭𒎏𒄯𒊕 Ninḫarsang), sometimes transcribed Ninursag, Ninḫarsag, or Ninḫursaĝa, also known as Damgalnuna or Ninmah, was the ancient Sumerian mother goddess of the mountains, and one of the seven great deities of Sumer.
See Eastern Arabia and Ninhursag
Ninlil
Ninlil (DNIN.LÍL; meaning uncertain) was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the wife of Enlil.
Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as, EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;"I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory: Vol. 1, Part 1, Cambridge University Press, 1970 Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city.
Oman
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.
Ormus
The Kingdom of Ormus (also known as Hormoz or Hormuz; هرمز; Ormuz) was located in the eastern side of the Persian Gulf and extended as far as Bahrain in the west at its zenith.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Eastern Arabia and Ottoman Empire
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Eastern Arabia and Parthian Empire
Pearl
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids.
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf (Fars), sometimes called the (Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in West Asia.
See Eastern Arabia and Persian Gulf
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
See Eastern Arabia and Persians
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
See Eastern Arabia and Phoenicia
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Eastern Arabia and Pliny the Elder
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas or the Portuguese Colonial Empire, was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and later overseas territories, governed by the Kingdom of Portugal, and later the Republic of Portugal.
See Eastern Arabia and Portuguese Empire
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia, referring to the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad's first revelation in 610 CE, is referred to in Islam in the context of, highlighting the prevalence of paganism throughout the region at the time.
See Eastern Arabia and Pre-Islamic Arabia
Primus inter pares
Primus inter pares is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals.
See Eastern Arabia and Primus inter pares
Prophets and messengers in Islam
Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour.
See Eastern Arabia and Prophets and messengers in Islam
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
See Eastern Arabia and Ptolemy
Qal'at al-Bahrain
The Qal'at al-Bahrain (قلعة البحرين; Forte de Barém), also known as the Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, is an archaeological site located in Bahrain.
See Eastern Arabia and Qal'at al-Bahrain
Qanat
A qanat or kārīz is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system originated approximately 3,000 years ago in Iran.
Qarmatians
The Qarmatians (Qarāmiṭa) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist—state in 899 CE.
See Eastern Arabia and Qarmatians
Qatar
Qatar (قطر) officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.
Qatif
Qatif or Al-Qatif (ٱلْقَطِيف Al-Qaṭīf) is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
Quraysh
The Quraysh (قُرَيْشٌ) was an Arab tribe that inhabited and controlled Mecca and its Kaaba.
See Eastern Arabia and Quraysh
Rafida
(translit) refers to those Shia Muslims who 'reject' the legitimacy of the caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman, in favor of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Ras al Hadd
Raʾs al-Ḥadd (رَأْس ٱلْحَدّ) is a village in Ash Sharqiyah district in Oman.
See Eastern Arabia and Ras al Hadd
Ras Al Khaimah
Ras Al Khaimah (رَأْس ٱلْخَيْمَة), often referred to its initials RAK and historically known as Julfar, is the largest city and capital of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
See Eastern Arabia and Ras Al Khaimah
Ras al-Jinz
Raʾs al-Jinz (رَأْس ٱلْجِنْز; formerly known as Cape Rosalgate as named by the Portuguese, a corruption of Raʾs al-Hadd; رَأْس ٱلْحَدّ) or Raʾs al-Junayz (رَأْس ٱلْجُنَيْز), located in Ash-Sharqiyyah South Governorate, Oman, is the easternmost point of the Arabian Peninsula.
See Eastern Arabia and Ras al-Jinz
Rashidun
The Rashidun (lit) are the first four caliphs (lit.: 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
See Eastern Arabia and Rashidun
Reaktion Books
Reaktion Books is an independent book publisher based in Islington, London, England.
See Eastern Arabia and Reaktion Books
Riyadh
Riyadh (ar-Riyāḍ) is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.
Robert Ernest Cheesman
Major Robert Ernest Cheesman CBE (1878, Ashford, Kent – 13 February 1962) was an English military officer, explorer, ornithologist and author.
See Eastern Arabia and Robert Ernest Cheesman
Sacred language
A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.
See Eastern Arabia and Sacred language
Sailor
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship.
Salghurids
The Salghurids (سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (اتابکان فارس), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkoman origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuks then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century.
See Eastern Arabia and Salghurids
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Eastern Arabia and Sasanian Empire
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
See Eastern Arabia and Saudi Arabia
Sawt (music)
Sawt (صوت / ALA-LC: Ṣawt; literally "voice"; also spelled sout or sowt) is a kind of popular music found in Kuwait and Bahrain.
See Eastern Arabia and Sawt (music)
Sea
A sea is a large body of salty water.
Seamanship
Seamanship is the art, competence, and knowledge of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water.
See Eastern Arabia and Seamanship
Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
See Eastern Arabia and Seleucid Empire
Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.
See Eastern Arabia and Seljuk Empire
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Eastern Arabia and Semitic languages
Sennacherib
Sennacherib (𒀭𒌍𒉽𒈨𒌍𒋢|translit.
See Eastern Arabia and Sennacherib
Shams (deity)
Shams, also called or Shamsum or Dhat-Ba' dhanum, is a sun goddess of Arabian mythology.
See Eastern Arabia and Shams (deity)
Shapur I
Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; Šābuhr) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran.
See Eastern Arabia and Shapur I
Shatt al-Arab
The Arvand Rud (lit; lit) is a river about in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq.
See Eastern Arabia and Shatt al-Arab
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
See Eastern Arabia and Shia Islam
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Strait of Hormuz
The Strait of Hormuz (تنگهٔ هُرمُز Tangeh-ye Hormoz, مَضيق هُرمُز Maḍīq Hurmuz) is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
See Eastern Arabia and Strait of Hormuz
Subay'
Subaie' (سبيع, also spelled Alsubaie', Sbei', and Subei) is an Arabian tribe living in the center of southern Najd.
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Eastern Arabia and Sumerian language
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
See Eastern Arabia and Sunni Islam
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
See Eastern Arabia and Syriac language
Tarout Island
Tarout or Tārūt Island (جزيرة تاروت) is an island in the Persian Gulf belonging to the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, connected by three causeways to Qatif.
See Eastern Arabia and Tarout Island
Tawam (region)
Tawam (Tawām), also Tuwwam, or Tu'am, is a historical oasis region in Eastern Arabia that stretched from, or was located between, the Western Hajar Mountains to the Persian Gulf coast, nowadays forming parts of the United Arab Emirates and western Oman.
See Eastern Arabia and Tawam (region)
Theophrastus
Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος||godly phrased) was a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.
See Eastern Arabia and Theophrastus
Thorkild Jacobsen
Thorkild Peter Rudolph Jacobsen (7 June 1904 – 2 May 1993) was a Danish historian specializing in Assyriology and Sumerian literature.
See Eastern Arabia and Thorkild Jacobsen
Tin
Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
See Eastern Arabia and Tunisia
Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (1755–1834)
Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (ترکي بن عبدالله بن محمد) (1755 – 9 May 1834) was the founder of the Second Saudi State and ruled Najd from 1823–1834 following administration by the Ottoman Empire.
See Eastern Arabia and Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (1755–1834)
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.
See Eastern Arabia and Twelver Shi'ism
Tylos
Tylos (Τύλος) was the Greek exonym of ancient Bahrain in the classical era, during which the island was a center of maritime trade and pearling in the Erythraean Sea.
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (translit; translit; Týros) or Tyr, Sur, or Sour is a city in Lebanon, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a small population.
See Eastern Arabia and Tyre, Lebanon
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (translit; February 720) was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720.
See Eastern Arabia and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Eastern Arabia and Umayyad Caliphate
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.
See Eastern Arabia and United Arab Emirates
University of Basra
The University of Basra (جامعة البصرة Jāmi'at Al Basrah) is situated in the city of Basra, Iraq.
See Eastern Arabia and University of Basra
Uqair
Uqair, alternatively spelled as al-'Uqair, Uqayr, and Ogair, is an ancient seaport city in the Al-Ahsa Governorate of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
Ur
Ur was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (mound of bitumen) in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq.
Uruk
Uruk, known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near East, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river.
Usfurids
The Usfurids (Al ʿUṣfūr) were an Arab dynasty that in 1253 gained control of Eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain.
See Eastern Arabia and Usfurids
Uthman ibn Abi al-As
Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi (ʿUthmān ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ; died 671 or 675) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from the tribe of Banu Thaqif and the governor of Bahrayn (eastern Arabia) and Oman (southeastern Arabia) in 636–650, during the reigns of caliphs Umar and Uthman.
See Eastern Arabia and Uthman ibn Abi al-As
Utnapishtim
Uta-napishtim ("he has found life" 𒌓𒍣), was a legendary king of the ancient city of Shuruppak in southern Iraq, who, according to several surviving narratives, survived the Flood by making a boat.
See Eastern Arabia and Utnapishtim
Utopia
A utopia typically describes an imaginary community or society that possesses highly desirable or near-perfect qualities for its members.
Uyayna
Uyayna (translit) is a village in central Saudi Arabia, located some northwest of the Saudi capital Riyadh.
Uyunid dynasty
The Uyunid dynasty (al-ʿUyūnīyūn) were an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia for 163 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries.
See Eastern Arabia and Uyunid dynasty
Wahhabism
Wahhabism (translit) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.
See Eastern Arabia and Wahhabism
Western esotericism
Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to classify a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society.
See Eastern Arabia and Western esotericism
Zeus
Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion and mythology, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus.
Ziggurat
A ziggurat (Cuneiform: 𒅆𒂍𒉪, Akkadian: ziqqurratum, D-stem of zaqārum 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other Semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude') is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia.
See Eastern Arabia and Ziggurat
Ziusudra
Ziusudra (𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺|translit.
See Eastern Arabia and Ziusudra
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.
See Eastern Arabia and Zoroastrianism
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Arabia
Also known as Al Bahrain (historical region), Al-Bahrain (historical region), Bahrain (historical region), Bahrain (region), Bahrain region, Bahrayn (historical region), East Arabia, Eastern Arabia (historical Bahrain), Historical Bahrain, Historical region of Bahrain, History of Eastern Arabia, Iqlim al-Bahrain, Iqlim al-Bahrayn, Province of Bahrain, Province of Bahrayn, Region of Bahrain.
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