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Eighth Crusade, the Glossary

The Eighth Crusade was the second Crusade launched by Louis IX of France, this one against the Hafsid dynasty in Tunisia in 1270.^[1]

237 relations: Abaqa Khan, Abbas Abad (Tehran), Adam of Kilconquhar, Adana, Admiral of France, Aigues-Mortes, Al-Hakim I, Al-Maqrizi, Al-Musta'sim, Al-Mustansir II, Alamut Castle, Albigensian Crusade, Alexander de Baliol, Alfonso of Brienne, Alfonso X of Castile, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, An-Nasir Yusuf, André de Longjumeau, Aragonese Crusade, Austorc de Segret, Aybak, Ayyubid dynasty, Bab Zuweila, Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Battle of Acre (1258), Battle of Ain Jalut, Battle of Benevento, Battle of Evesham, Battle of Mari, Battle of Pelagonia, Battle of Tagliacozzo, Baybars, Berke, Bertran d'Alamanon, Bohemond V of Antioch, Bohemond VI of Antioch, Byblos, Caesarea Maritima, Cagliari, Capetian dynasty, Carthage, Charles I of Anjou, Conquest of Murcia (1265–1266), Conrad IV of Germany, Conradin, County of Luxembourg, County of Tripoli, Crusade of 1267, Crusade song, Crusader states, ... Expand index (187 more) »
13th century in Africa
13th century in Ifriqiya
13th-century crusades
Charles I of Anjou
Conflicts in 1270

Abaqa Khan

Abaqa Khan (27 February 1234 – 4 April 1282, ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠᠬᠠᠨ (Traditional script), "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (Ilkhan) of the Ilkhanate.

See Eighth Crusade and Abaqa Khan

Abbas Abad (Tehran)

Abbās Ābād (عباس‌آباد) is a large north-central neighborhood of Tehran, Iran, designated within the Seventh Municipal District of the capital.

See Eighth Crusade and Abbas Abad (Tehran)

Adam of Kilconquhar

Adam of Kilconquhar (died 1271) was a Scottish noble from the 13th century.

See Eighth Crusade and Adam of Kilconquhar

Adana

Adana is a large city in southern Turkey.

See Eighth Crusade and Adana

Admiral of France

Admiral of France (Amiral de France) is a French title of honour.

See Eighth Crusade and Admiral of France

Aigues-Mortes

Aigues-Mortes (Aigas Mòrtas) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitania region of southern France.

See Eighth Crusade and Aigues-Mortes

Al-Hakim I (full name: Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn Abi 'Ali al-Hasan ibn Abu Bakr; c. 1247 – 19 January 1302) was the second Abbasid caliph whose seat was in Cairo and who was subservient to the Mamluk Sultanate.

See Eighth Crusade and Al-Hakim I

Al-Maqrizi

Al-Maqrīzī (المقريزي, full name Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī, تقي الدين أحمد بن علي بن عبد القادر بن محمد المقريزي; 1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history.

See Eighth Crusade and Al-Maqrizi

Al-Musta'sim

Abu Ahmad Abdallah ibn al-Mustansir bi'llah, better known by his regnal title Al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh (المستعصمبالله; 1213 – 20 February 1258), was the 37th and last caliph from the Abbasid dynasty ruling from Baghdad.

See Eighth Crusade and Al-Musta'sim

Al-Mustansir II

Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad al-Mustansir (c. 1210 – 28 November 1261) was the first Abbasid caliph to rule in Cairo and who was subservient to the Mamluk Sultanate.

See Eighth Crusade and Al-Mustansir II

Alamut Castle

Alamut (الموت) is a mountain fortress at an altitude of 2163 meters at the central Alborz, in the Iranian stanza of Qazvin, about 100 kilometers from Tehran.

See Eighth Crusade and Alamut Castle

Albigensian Crusade

The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France. Eighth Crusade and Albigensian Crusade are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Albigensian Crusade

Alexander de Baliol

Alexander de Baliol (fl. 1246?–1309?), Baron Balliol, Lord of Cavers was an Anglo-Scottish noble.

See Eighth Crusade and Alexander de Baliol

Alfonso of Brienne

Alfonso of Brienne, called Alphonse d'Acre (c. 1228 – 14 September 1270), was the son of John of Brienne and Berengaria of León, born in Acre.

See Eighth Crusade and Alfonso of Brienne

Alfonso X of Castile

Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284.

See Eighth Crusade and Alfonso X of Castile

Alphonse, Count of Poitiers

Alphonse (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse (as such called Alphonse II) from 1249.

See Eighth Crusade and Alphonse, Count of Poitiers

An-Nasir Yusuf

An-Nasir Yusuf (الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (الملك الناصر صلاح الدين يوسف بن الظاهر بن العزيز بن صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب بن شاذى), was the Ayyubid Kurdish Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236–1260), and the Sultan of the Ayyubid Empire from 1250 until the sack of Aleppo by the Mongols in 1260.

See Eighth Crusade and An-Nasir Yusuf

André de Longjumeau

André de Longjumeau (also known as Andrew of Longjumeau in English) was a French diplomat and Dominican missionary and one of the most active Occidental diplomats in the East in the 13th century.

See Eighth Crusade and André de Longjumeau

Aragonese Crusade

The Aragonese Crusade (1284–1285), also known as the Crusade of Aragon or Crusade against Catalonia, was a military venture waged by the Kingdom of France against the Crown of Aragon. Eighth Crusade and Aragonese Crusade are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Aragonese Crusade

Austorc de Segret

Austorc de Segret or Austau de Segret (fl. 1270) was an Auvergnat troubadour with only one surviving sirventes, "No sai quim so, tan sui desconoissens".

See Eighth Crusade and Austorc de Segret

Aybak

Izz al-Din AybakThe name Aybeg or Aibak or Aybak is a combination of two Turkic words, "Ay".

See Eighth Crusade and Aybak

Ayyubid dynasty

The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.

See Eighth Crusade and Ayyubid dynasty

Bab Zuweila

Bab Zuweila or Bab Zuwayla (باب زويلة) is one of three remaining gates in the city wall of the Old City of Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

See Eighth Crusade and Bab Zuweila

Baldwin II, Latin Emperor

Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Courtenay (de Courtenay; late 1217 – October 1273), was the last Latin Emperor ruling from Constantinople.

See Eighth Crusade and Baldwin II, Latin Emperor

Battle of Acre (1258)

The Battle of Acre took place in 1258 off the port of Acre, between the fleets of the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Acre (1258)

Battle of Ain Jalut

The Battle of Ain Jalut, also spelled Ayn Jalut, was fought between the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and the Mongol Empire on 3 September 1260 (25 Ramadan 658 AH) near the spring of Ain Jalut in southeastern Galilee in the Jezreel Valley.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Ain Jalut

Battle of Benevento

The Battle of Benevento was a major medieval battle fought on 26 February 1266, near Benevento in present-day Southern Italy, between the forces of Charles I of Anjou and those of King Manfred of Sicily. Eighth Crusade and battle of Benevento are Charles I of Anjou.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Benevento

Battle of Evesham

The Battle of Evesham (4 August 1265) was one of the two main battles of 13th century England's Second Barons' War.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Evesham

Battle of Mari

The Battle of Mari, also called the Disaster of Mari, was a battle between the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Armenians of Cilician Armenia on 24 August 1266.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Mari

Battle of Pelagonia

The Battle of Pelagonia or Battle of Kastoria took place in early summer or autumn 1259, between the Empire of Nicaea and an anti-Nicaean alliance comprising Despotate of Epirus, Kingdom of Sicily and the Principality of Achaea.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Pelagonia

Battle of Tagliacozzo

The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on 23 August 1268 between the Ghibelline supporters of Conradin of Hohenstaufen and the Guelph army of Charles of Anjou. Eighth Crusade and Battle of Tagliacozzo are Charles I of Anjou.

See Eighth Crusade and Battle of Tagliacozzo

Baybars

Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري; 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz.

See Eighth Crusade and Baybars

Berke

Berke Khan (died 1266; also Birkai; Turki/Kypchak:,, Бәркә хан) was a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi and a Mongol military commander and ruler of the Golden Horde (division of the Mongol Empire) who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde from 1257 to 1266.

See Eighth Crusade and Berke

Bertran d'Alamanon

Bertran d'Alamanon, also spelled de Lamanon or d'Alamano (fl. 1229–1266), was a Provençal knight and troubadour, and an official, diplomat, and ambassador of the court of the Count of Provence.

See Eighth Crusade and Bertran d'Alamanon

Bohemond V of Antioch

Bohemond V of Antioch (1199 − January 17, 1252)Runciman, History of the Crusades, vol.

See Eighth Crusade and Bohemond V of Antioch

Bohemond VI of Antioch

Bohemond VI (–1275), also known as the Fair, was the prince of Antioch and count of Tripoli from 1251 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Bohemond VI of Antioch

Byblos

Byblos (Βύβλος), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Jubayl, locally Jbeil; 𐤂𐤁𐤋,, probably Gebal), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon.

See Eighth Crusade and Byblos

Caesarea Maritima

Caesarea (Kaisáreia; Qēsaryah; Qaysāriyyah), also Caesarea Maritima, Caesarea Palaestinae or Caesarea Stratonis, was an ancient and medieval port city on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, and later a small fishing village.

See Eighth Crusade and Caesarea Maritima

Cagliari

Cagliari (Casteddu; Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital and largest city of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy.

See Eighth Crusade and Cagliari

Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty (Capétiens), also known as the "House of France", is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians and the Karlings.

See Eighth Crusade and Capetian dynasty

Carthage

Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.

See Eighth Crusade and Carthage

Charles I of Anjou

Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou or Charles d'Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou.

See Eighth Crusade and Charles I of Anjou

Conquest of Murcia (1265–1266)

The conquest of Murcia took place in 1265–1266 when James I of Aragon conquered the Muslim-held Taifa of Murcia on behalf of his ally Alfonso X of Castile.

See Eighth Crusade and Conquest of Murcia (1265–1266)

Conrad IV of Germany

Conrad (25 April 1228 – 21 May 1254), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was the only son of Emperor Frederick II from his second marriage with Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and Conrad IV of Germany

Conradin

Conrad III (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (Konradin, Corradino), was the last direct heir of the House of Hohenstaufen.

See Eighth Crusade and Conradin

County of Luxembourg

The County of Luxembourg (Luxembourg; Lëtzebuerg) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

See Eighth Crusade and County of Luxembourg

County of Tripoli

The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states.

See Eighth Crusade and County of Tripoli

Crusade of 1267

The Crusade of 1267 was a military expedition from the Upper Rhenish regions of the Holy Roman Empire for the defence of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Eighth Crusade and Crusade of 1267 are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Crusade of 1267

Crusade song

A Crusade song (canso de crozada, cançó de croada, Kreuzlied) is any vernacular lyric poem about the Crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Crusade song

Crusader states

The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.

See Eighth Crusade and Crusader states

Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.

See Eighth Crusade and Crusades

Damavand, Iran

Damavand (دماوند) is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

See Eighth Crusade and Damavand, Iran

David Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl

David Strathbogie (died 6 August 1270) was the first Strathbogie Earl of Atholl.

See Eighth Crusade and David Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl

Doge of Venice

The Doge of Venice was the highest role of authority within the Republic of Venice (697 CE to 1797 CE).

See Eighth Crusade and Doge of Venice

Doquz Khatun

Doquz Khatun (also spelled Dokuz Khatun) (d. 1265) was a 13th-century princess of the Keraites who was married to Hulagu Khan, founder of the Ilkhanate.

See Eighth Crusade and Doquz Khatun

Dysentery

Dysentery, historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea.

See Eighth Crusade and Dysentery

Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

See Eighth Crusade and Edward I of England

Eljigidei

Eljigidei Noyan (d. 1251) was a Mongol commander in Persia.

See Eighth Crusade and Eljigidei

Embriaco family

The Embriaco family were a prominent Genoese family, who played an important role in the history of the Crusader states.

See Eighth Crusade and Embriaco family

Empire of Nicaea

The Empire of Nicaea (Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων) or the Nicene Empire was the largest of the three Byzantine GreekA Short history of Greece from early times to 1964 by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse (1967), p. 55: "There in the prosperous city of Nicaea, Theodoros Laskaris, the son in law of a former Byzantine Emperor, establish a court that soon become the Small but reviving Greek empire." rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled when Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian armed forces during the Fourth Crusade, a military event known as the Sack of Constantinople.

See Eighth Crusade and Empire of Nicaea

Fall of Arsuf

In the year 1265, the Mamluk sultan, Baibars, besieged the Knights hospitaller's stronghold of Arsuf.

See Eighth Crusade and Fall of Arsuf

Fall of Haifa (1265)

In 1265, the army of Baibars the Mamluk captured Haifa, destroying its fortifications, which had been rebuilt by Louis IX of France, as well as the majority of the city's homes to prevent the European Crusaders from returning.

See Eighth Crusade and Fall of Haifa (1265)

Feast of the Annunciation

The Feast of the Annunciation (the Annunciation of the Mother of God) commemorates the visit of the archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary, during which he informed her that she would be the mother of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

See Eighth Crusade and Feast of the Annunciation

Fernando Sánchez de Castro

Fernando Sánchez de Castro (1241–1275) was an Aragonese infante (royal prince), crusader and rebel leader.

See Eighth Crusade and Fernando Sánchez de Castro

Fidentius of Padua

Fidentius of Padua (Fidenzio da Padova) was a Franciscan administrator and writer active in the Holy Land between 1266 and 1291.

See Eighth Crusade and Fidentius of Padua

Florent de Varennes

Florent de Varennes (died in Tunis in August 1270) was the first Admiral of France, in 1269, and as such, became the head of the fleet during the Eighth Crusade and the last led by King Saint Louis IX.

See Eighth Crusade and Florent de Varennes

Fourth Crusade

The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. Eighth Crusade and Fourth Crusade are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Fourth Crusade

Franco-Mongol alliance

Several attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Islamic caliphates, their common enemy, were made by various leaders among the Frankish Crusaders and the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. Eighth Crusade and Franco-Mongol alliance are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Franco-Mongol alliance

Frederick I, Margrave of Baden

Frederick I of Baden (1249 – October 29, 1268), a member of the House of Zähringen, was Margrave of Baden and of Verona, as well as claimant Duke of Austria from 1250 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Frederick I, Margrave of Baden

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II (German: Friedrich; Italian: Federico; Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.

See Eighth Crusade and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick of Castile

Frederick of Castile, in Spanish Fadrique (1223–1277), was a younger son (infante) of King Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen.

See Eighth Crusade and Frederick of Castile

Güyük Khan

Güyük Khan (also Güyük Khagan, Güyük or Güyug; 19 March 1206 – 20 April 1248) was the third Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan.

See Eighth Crusade and Güyük Khan

Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

See Eighth Crusade and Genoa

Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville

Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville (c. 1226 – 21 October 1314) also known as Geoffrey de Joinville and Geoffroi de Joinville, was an Anglo-French noble, supporter of Henry III, who appointed him Baron of Trim, County Meath, and, subsequently, a staunch supporter of Edward I.

See Eighth Crusade and Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville

Geoffrey of Beaulieu

Geoffrey of Beaulieu (died 9 or 10 January 1273×1276), from Évreux in Normandy, was a French friar and biographer.

See Eighth Crusade and Geoffrey of Beaulieu

Geoffrey of Sergines

Geoffrey of Sergines, sometimes known as Geoffroy of Sargines (c. 1205 – April 1269), was a French knight who served as seneschal and regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and Geoffrey of Sergines

Gerdkuh

Gerdkuh was a castle of the Nizari Isma'ili state located near Damghan in the region of Qumis (modern-day Semnan Province of Iran).

See Eighth Crusade and Gerdkuh

Golden Horde

The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus (in Kipchak Turkic), was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

See Eighth Crusade and Golden Horde

Guelphs and Ghibellines

The Guelphs and Ghibellines (guelfi e ghibellini) were factions supporting respectively the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.

See Eighth Crusade and Guelphs and Ghibellines

Guilhem d'Autpol

Guilhem d'Autpol or Daspol (fl. 1265–1270) was a troubadour from Hautpoul in the Languedoc.

See Eighth Crusade and Guilhem d'Autpol

Guillaume de Nangis

Guillaume de Nangis (died 1300), also known as William of Nangis, was a French chronicler.

See Eighth Crusade and Guillaume de Nangis

Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol

Guy IV (c. 1197 – 1226) of the House of Châtillon was the de facto count of Saint-Pol as Guy II from 1219/1223 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol

Guy of Ibelin (died 1304)

Guy of Ibelin (French: Guy d'Ibelin) (1250/1255 – 1304), of the Ibelin family, was count of Jaffa and Ascalon during the latter part of the Crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Guy of Ibelin (died 1304)

Hafsid dynasty

The Hafsids (الحفصيون al-Ḥafṣiyūn) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa, (University Press of America, 1999), 84. who ruled Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia, western Libya, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574. Eighth Crusade and Hafsid dynasty are 13th century in Ifriqiya.

See Eighth Crusade and Hafsid dynasty

Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

See Eighth Crusade and Harvard University Press

Henry I of Cyprus

Henry I of Cyprus, nicknamed the Fat (Henri de Lusignan; 3 May 1217 – 18 January 1253 at Nicosia) was King of Cyprus from 1218 to 1253.

See Eighth Crusade and Henry I of Cyprus

Henry of Antioch

Henry of Antioch (Henri; 121727 June 1276) was a nobleman from the Latin East who governed the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1263 until 1264.

See Eighth Crusade and Henry of Antioch

Hethum I

Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270.

See Eighth Crusade and Hethum I

High Court of Jerusalem

The Haute Cour (High Court) was the feudal council of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and High Court of Jerusalem

History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant

The history of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant is concerned with the early years of the Order of the Hospital of St.

See Eighth Crusade and History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant

History of the Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Jerusalem, or Templars, was a military order founded in.

See Eighth Crusade and History of the Knights Templar

Holy Land

The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.

See Eighth Crusade and Holy Land

House of Ibelin

The House of Ibelin was a noble family in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century.

See Eighth Crusade and House of Ibelin

Hugh II of Cyprus

Hugh II of Cyprus (or Hugues II de Lusignan) (June–August, 1252 or 1253 – November or December 5, 1267) was king of Cyprus and, from the age of 5 years, also Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and Hugh II of Cyprus

Hugh III of Cyprus

Hugh III (Hugues; – 24 March 1284), also called Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan and the Great, was the king of Cyprus (as Hugh III) from 1267 and king of Jerusalem (as Hugh I) from 1268.

See Eighth Crusade and Hugh III of Cyprus

Hugh XII of Lusignan

Hugh XII de Lusignan, Hugh VII of La Marche or Hugh III of Angoulême (c. 1235/1240 – after 25 August 1270).

See Eighth Crusade and Hugh XII of Lusignan

Hugh, Count of Brienne

Hugh, Count of Brienne and Lecce (1240 – 9 August 1296) was the second surviving son of Count Walter IV of Brienne and Marie de Lusignan of Cyprus.

See Eighth Crusade and Hugh, Count of Brienne

Hugues de Revel

Hugues de Revel (died 1277 in the Holy Land) was an English knight who became the twentieth Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, serving from 1258 to 1277 as the successor to Guillaume de Chateauneuf.

See Eighth Crusade and Hugues de Revel

Hulegu Khan

Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulaguᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠦ|lit.

See Eighth Crusade and Hulegu Khan

Ifriqiya

Ifriqiya, also known as al-Maghrib al-Adna (المغرب الأدنى), was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia and eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (roughly western Libya).

See Eighth Crusade and Ifriqiya

Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.

See Eighth Crusade and Ilkhanate

Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France

Isabella of Aragon (ca. 1247 – 28 January 1271), was Queen of France from 1270 to 1271 by marriage to Philip III of France.

See Eighth Crusade and Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France

Isabella of Cyprus

Isabella of Cyprus (died in 1264) was a Cypriotic princess.

See Eighth Crusade and Isabella of Cyprus

Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre

Isabella of France (2 March 1241 – 17 April 1271) was Queen of Navarre by marriage to Theobald II of Navarre, a daughter of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence.

See Eighth Crusade and Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre

Jaffa

Jaffa (Yāfō,; Yāfā), also called Japho or Joppa in English, is an ancient Levantine port city now part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part.

See Eighth Crusade and Jaffa

James I of Aragon

James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor; Aragonese: Chaime I o Conqueridor; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.

See Eighth Crusade and James I of Aragon

Jayme Alaric de Perpignan

Jayme Alaric de Perpignan was an ambassador sent by Pope Clement IV and James I of Aragon to the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan in 1267.

See Eighth Crusade and Jayme Alaric de Perpignan

Jean d'Eppe

Jean d'Eppe (c. 1240 – 12 November 1293), known in Italian as Giovanni d'Appia or Gianni d'Epa, was a French nobleman who served the Angevin dynasty of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Papal State as a military commander and administrator.

See Eighth Crusade and Jean d'Eppe

Jean de Joinville

Jean de Joinville (1 May 1224 – 24 December 1317) was one of the great chroniclers of medieval France.

See Eighth Crusade and Jean de Joinville

Joan, Countess of Toulouse

Joan (1220 – 25 August 1271) was Countess of Toulouse from 1249 until her death.

See Eighth Crusade and Joan, Countess of Toulouse

John I, Duke of Brittany

John I (Yann, Jean; c. 1217/12188 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1221 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268.

See Eighth Crusade and John I, Duke of Brittany

John II, Count of Soissons

John II (died 1270/72), also known as Je(h)an de Nesle and by the sobriquet le Bon et le Bègue ("the Good and the Stammerer"), was the tenth Count of Soissons, succeeding his father Ralph the Good, in 1235.

See Eighth Crusade and John II, Count of Soissons

John II, Lord of Beirut

John of Ibelin (died 1264), often called John II, was the Lord of Beirut from 1254, named after his grandfather John I, the famous "Old Lord of Beirut", and son of Balian of Ibelin, who surrendered Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187.

See Eighth Crusade and John II, Lord of Beirut

John of Arsuf

John of Ibelin (c. 1211–1258), commonly called John of Arsuf, was the lord of Arsuf from 1236 and Constable of Jerusalem from 1251.

See Eighth Crusade and John of Arsuf

John of Brienne

John of Brienne (1170 – 19–23 March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237.

See Eighth Crusade and John of Brienne

John of Ibelin (jurist)

John of Ibelin (1215 – December 1266), count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and John of Ibelin (jurist)

John Tristan, Count of Valois

John Tristan (8 April 1250 – 3 August 1270) was a French prince of the Capetian dynasty.

See Eighth Crusade and John Tristan, Count of Valois

Julian Grenier

Julian Grenier (died 1275) was the Count of Sidon from 1239 to 1260, then becoming merely titular.

See Eighth Crusade and Julian Grenier

Karakorum

Karakorum (Khalkha Mongolian: Хархорум, Kharkhorum; Mongolian script:, Qaraqorum) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the Northern Yuan dynasty in the 14–15th centuries.

See Eighth Crusade and Karakorum

Kilij Arslan IV

Kilij Arslan IV (قِلِج اَرسلان) or Rukn ad-Dīn Qilij Arslān ibn Kaykhusraw (رکن الدین قلیچ ارسلان بن کیخسرو) was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm after the death of his father Kaykhusraw II in 1246.

See Eighth Crusade and Kilij Arslan IV

Kingdom of Aragon

The Kingdom of Aragon (Reino d'Aragón; Regne d'Aragó; Regnum Aragoniae; Reino de Aragón) or Imperial Aragon (Aragón Imperial) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of Aragon

Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of France

Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Latin Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of Jerusalem

Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingdom of Navarre, originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of Navarre

Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England. During the Middle Ages, Scotland engaged in intermittent conflict with England, most prominently the Wars of Scottish Independence, which saw the Scots assert their independence from the English.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of Scotland

Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae; Regno di Sicilia; Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in Sicily and the south of the Italian Peninsula plus, for a time, in Northern Africa from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816.

See Eighth Crusade and Kingdom of Sicily

Kitbuqa

Kitbuqa Noyan (died 1260), also spelled Kitbogha, Kitboga, or Ketbugha, was an Eastern Christian of the Naimans, a group that was subservient to the Mongol Empire.

See Eighth Crusade and Kitbuqa

Knights Hospitaller

The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller, is a Catholic military order.

See Eighth Crusade and Knights Hospitaller

Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, mainly known as the Knights Templar, was a French military order of the Catholic faith, and one of the wealthiest and most popular military orders in Western Christianity.

See Eighth Crusade and Knights Templar

Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China.

See Eighth Crusade and Kublai Khan

La Goulette

La Goulette (La Goletta), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi (حلق الوادي), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia.

See Eighth Crusade and La Goulette

Lambsar Castle

Lambsar (لمبسر, also pronounced Lamsar), Lamasar, Lambasar, Lambesar (لمبه سر) or Lomasar (لمسر) was probably the largest and the most fortified of the Ismaili castles.

See Eighth Crusade and Lambsar Castle

Lancelot de Saint-Maard

Lancelot de Saint-Maard (died 1278) was the fourteenth marshal of France at the time of the Eighth Crusade in 1270.

See Eighth Crusade and Lancelot de Saint-Maard

Latakia

Latakia (translit; Syrian pronunciation) is the principal port city of Syria and capital city of the Latakia Governorate located on the Mediterranean coast.

See Eighth Crusade and Latakia

Latin Empire

The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. Eighth Crusade and Latin Empire are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Latin Empire

Leo II, King of Armenia

Leo II or Leon II (occasionally numbered Leo III;, Levon II; c. 1236 – 1289) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1269Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV, p. 634/1270 to 1289.

See Eighth Crusade and Leo II, King of Armenia

List of Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch

The patriarch of Antioch is one of the Eastern Orthodox patriarchs, the leader of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.

See Eighth Crusade and List of Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch

Lord Edward's crusade

Lord Edward's Crusade, sometimes called the Ninth Crusade, was a military expedition to the Holy Land under the command of Edward, Duke of Gascony (later king as Edward I) in 1271–1272. Eighth Crusade and Lord Edward's crusade are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Lord Edward's crusade

Lorenzo Tiepolo

Lorenzo Tiepolo (died 15 August 1275) was doge of the Republic of Venice from 1268 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Lorenzo Tiepolo

Louis IX of France

Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly revered as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270.

See Eighth Crusade and Louis IX of France

Lucia, Countess of Tripoli

Lucia (died aft. 1292 or ca 1299) was the last countess of Tripoli, a Crusader state in the Levant.

See Eighth Crusade and Lucia, Countess of Tripoli

Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.

See Eighth Crusade and Mamluk Sultanate

Manfred, King of Sicily

Manfred (Manfredi di Sicilia; 123226 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Manfred, King of Sicily

Maria Palaiologina

Maria Palaiologina (Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα) was the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos who became the wife of the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan, and an influential Christian leader among the Mongols.

See Eighth Crusade and Maria Palaiologina

Mary of Lusignan, Countess of Brienne

Mary of Lusignan (French: Marie de Lusignan; before March 1215 – 5 July 1251 or 1253), was the wife of Count Walter IV of Brienne and Countess of Brienne from the time of her marriage in 1233 to her husband's death while on Crusade in 1244.

See Eighth Crusade and Mary of Lusignan, Countess of Brienne

Matthew of Vendôme (abbot)

Matthew of Vendôme (Mathieu de Vendôme) was the abbot of Saint-Denis from 1258 until 1286 and one of the regents of France from 1270 until 1271.

See Eighth Crusade and Matthew of Vendôme (abbot)

Matthew Paris

Matthew Paris, also known as Matthew of Paris (lit; 1200 – 1259), was an English Benedictine monk, chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts, and cartographer who was based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire. He authored a number of historical works, many of which he scribed and illuminated himself, typically in drawings partly coloured with watercolour washes, sometimes called "tinted drawings".

See Eighth Crusade and Matthew Paris

Möngke Khan

Möngke Khan (also Möngke Khagan or Möngke; 11 January 1209 – 11 August 1259) was the fourth khagan of the Mongol Empire, ruling from 1 July 1251, to 11 August 1259.

See Eighth Crusade and Möngke Khan

Mengu-Timur

Mengu-Timur (alternatively Munkh Tumur or Möngke Temür; ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Мөнхтөмөр; Mangutemir; died 1280) was a son of Toqoqan Khan (himself the son of Batu) and Köchu Khatun of Oirat, the daughter of Toralchi Küregen and granddaughter of Qutuqa Beki.

See Eighth Crusade and Mengu-Timur

Michael VIII Palaiologos

Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Mikhaēl Doukas Angelos Komnēnos Palaiologos; 1224 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1261 until his death in 1282, and previously as the co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261.

See Eighth Crusade and Michael VIII Palaiologos

Mongol Armenia

Mongol Armenia or Ilkhanid Armenia refers to the period beginning in the early-to-mid 13th century during which both Zakarid Armenia and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became tributary and vassal to the Mongol Empire and the successor Ilkhanate.

See Eighth Crusade and Mongol Armenia

Mongol campaign against the Nizaris

The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of the Alamut period (the Nizari Ismaili state) began in 1253 after the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire and a series of Nizari–Mongol conflicts. Eighth Crusade and Mongol campaign against the Nizaris are conflicts in 1270.

See Eighth Crusade and Mongol campaign against the Nizaris

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

See Eighth Crusade and Mongol Empire

Mongol invasions of the Levant

Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof.

See Eighth Crusade and Mongol invasions of the Levant

Mongol raids into Palestine

Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300. Eighth Crusade and Mongol raids into Palestine are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Mongol raids into Palestine

Mopsuestia

Mopsuestia and Mopsuhestia (Mopsou(h)estia and ΜόψουMopsou and Μόψουπόλις and Μόψος; Byzantine Greek: Mamista, Manistra, Mampsista; Arabic: al-Maṣṣīṣah; Armenian: Msis, Mises, Mam(u)estia; modern Yakapınar) is an ancient city in Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus River (now the Ceyhan River) located approximately east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey).

See Eighth Crusade and Mopsuestia

Mos Teutonicus

Mos Teutonicus (Latin for "German custom") was a postmortem funerary custom used in Europe in the Middle Ages as a means of transporting, and solemnly disposing of, the bodies of high-status individuals.

See Eighth Crusade and Mos Teutonicus

Muhammad I al-Mustansir

Muhammad I al-Mustansir was the second ruler of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya and the first to claim the title of Khalif.

See Eighth Crusade and Muhammad I al-Mustansir

Murcia

Murcia is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country.

See Eighth Crusade and Murcia

Nizari Isma'ilism

Nizari Isma'ilism (translit) are the largest segment of the Ismaili Muslims, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers.

See Eighth Crusade and Nizari Isma'ilism

Notre-Dame de Paris

Notre-Dame de Paris (meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the River Seine), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France.

See Eighth Crusade and Notre-Dame de Paris

Occitan literature

Occitan literature (referred to in older texts as Provençal literature) is a body of texts written in Occitan, mostly in the south of France.

See Eighth Crusade and Occitan literature

Odo, Count of Nevers

Odo of Burgundy, in French Eudes de Bourgogne (1230 – 4 August 1266), was the Count of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre and son of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Yolande of Dreux.

See Eighth Crusade and Odo, Count of Nevers

Oghul Qaimish

Oghul Qaimish (–1251) was the wife of Güyük Khan and the nominal regent of the Mongol Empire between Güyük's death in 1248 and the accession of Möngke Khan in 1251.

See Eighth Crusade and Oghul Qaimish

Olivier de Termes

Olivier de Termes (1200 – 12 August 1274) was a knight from the southern French region of Termes, Aude.

See Eighth Crusade and Olivier de Termes

Opizzo Fieschi

Opizzo Fieschi, also known as Opizo or Opiso dei' Fieschi, was a 13th-century Italian cleric from the powerful Genovese Fieschi family.

See Eighth Crusade and Opizzo Fieschi

Order of Assassins

The Order of Assassins or simply the Assassins (Ḥaššāšīn) were a Nizari Isma'ili order that existed between 1090 and 1275 AD, founded by Hassan-i Sabbah.

See Eighth Crusade and Order of Assassins

Pamplona

Pamplona (Iruña) is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain.

See Eighth Crusade and Pamplona

Passagium

The term passagium (plural passagia) was a general medieval Latin term for a crusade.

See Eighth Crusade and Passagium

Pedro Fernández de Híjar

Pedro Fernández de Híjar (1245/49-1299) was the first Baron of Híjar, and knight of Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

See Eighth Crusade and Pedro Fernández de Híjar

Peire Cardenal

Peire Cardenal (or Cardinal) (c. 1180 – c. 1278) was a troubadour (fl. 1204 – 1272) known for his satirical sirventes and his dislike of the clergy.

See Eighth Crusade and Peire Cardenal

Peter I, Count of Alençon

Peter I of Alençon (c. 1251 – 6 April 1284) was the son of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence.

See Eighth Crusade and Peter I, Count of Alençon

Peter Jackson (historian)

Peter Jackson is a British scholar and historian, specializing in the Crusades, particularly the contacts between the Europeans and the Mongols as well as medieval Muslim India.

See Eighth Crusade and Peter Jackson (historian)

Philip III of France

Philip III (1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 until his death in 1285.

See Eighth Crusade and Philip III of France

Philip IV of France

Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314.

See Eighth Crusade and Philip IV of France

Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre

Philip Ι of Montfort (died 17 March 1270, Tyre) was Lord of La Ferté-Alais and Castres-en-Albigeois 1228–1270, Lord of Tyre 1246–1270, and Lord of Toron aft.

See Eighth Crusade and Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre

Pisa

Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

See Eighth Crusade and Pisa

Plaisance of Antioch

Plaisance of Antioch (1235/1236 or ca. 1235 – September 27/22, 1261) was Queen of Cyprus by marriage to King Henry I. She served as regent of the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem for their son, King Hugh II, in 1254–1261 and 1258–1261 respectively.

See Eighth Crusade and Plaisance of Antioch

Planh

A genre of the troubadours, the planh or plaing ("lament") is a funeral lament for "a great personage, a protector, a friend or relative, or a lady."Elisabeth Schulze-Busacker, "Topoi", in F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds., A Handbook of the Troubadours (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp.

See Eighth Crusade and Planh

Poggibonsi

Poggibonsi is a town in the province of Siena, Tuscany, central Italy.

See Eighth Crusade and Poggibonsi

Pope Alexander IV

Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Pope Alexander IV

Pope Clement IV

Pope Clement IV (Clemens IV; 23 November 1190 – 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois (Guido Falcodius; Guy de Foulques or Guy Foulques) and also known as Guy le Gros (French for "Guy the Fat"; Guido il Grosso), was bishop of Le Puy (1257–1260), archbishop of Narbonne (1259–1261), cardinal of Sabina (1261–1265), and head of the Catholic Church from 5 February 1265 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Pope Clement IV

Pope Gregory X

Pope Gregory X (Gregorius X; – 10 January 1276), born Teobaldo Visconti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 September 1271 to his death and was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order.

See Eighth Crusade and Pope Gregory X

Pope Urban IV

Pope Urban IV (Urbanus IV; c. 1195 – 2 October 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1261 to his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Pope Urban IV

Primat of Saint-Denis

Primat (died c. 1277) was a French Benedictine monk and historian of the abbey of Saint-Denis near Paris.

See Eighth Crusade and Primat of Saint-Denis

Principality of Achaea

The Principality of Achaea or Principality of Morea was one of the vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade.

See Eighth Crusade and Principality of Achaea

Prussian Crusade

The Prussian Crusade was a series of 13th-century campaigns of Roman Catholic crusaders, primarily led by the Teutonic Knights, to Christianize under duress the pagan Old Prussians. Eighth Crusade and Prussian Crusade are 13th-century crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Prussian Crusade

Qutuz

Sayf al-Din Qutuz (سيف الدين قطز; died 24 October 1260), also romanized as Kutuz or Kotuz and fully al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Sayf ad-Dīn Quṭuz (الملك المظفر سيف الدين قطز), was the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt.

See Eighth Crusade and Qutuz

Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers

Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers (fl. 1262–1275) was a Languedocian troubadour with nine surviving works.

See Eighth Crusade and Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers

Raoul de Soissons

Raoul de Soissons (1210/15 – 1270, or shortly thereafter) was a French nobleman, Crusader, and trouvère. Eighth Crusade and Raoul de Soissons are Charles I of Anjou.

See Eighth Crusade and Raoul de Soissons

Raoul II of Clermont

Raoul II/III of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1245 – Kortrijk, 11 July 1302) was Seigneur (Lord) of Nesle in Picardy (de), Viscount of Châteaudun (de), Grand Chamberlain of France and Constable of France.

See Eighth Crusade and Raoul II of Clermont

Raoul II Sores

Raoul II († 1282), called Sores or d'Estrée, was the marshal of France briefly in 1270 following the death of Héric de Beaujeu and before being replaced or joined by Lancelot de Saint-Maard.

See Eighth Crusade and Raoul II Sores

Recovery of the Holy Land

The theme of recovery of the Holy Land (recuperatio Terrae Sanctae) was a genre in High–Late Medieval Christian literature about the Crusades.

See Eighth Crusade and Recovery of the Holy Land

Republic of Ancona

The Republic of Ancona was a medieval commune and maritime republic on the Adriatic coast of modern-day Italy, notable for its economic development and maritime trade, particularly with the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Mediterranean, although somewhat confined by Venetian supremacy on the sea.

See Eighth Crusade and Republic of Ancona

Robert II, Count of Artois

Robert II (September 1250 – 11 July 1302) was the Count of Artois, the posthumous son and heir of Robert I and Matilda of Brabant.

See Eighth Crusade and Robert II, Count of Artois

Robert III, Count of Flanders

Robert III (1249 – 17 September 1322), also called Robert of Béthune and nicknamed The Lion of Flanders (De Leeuw van Vlaanderen), was the Count of Nevers from 1273 and Count of Flanders from 1305 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Robert III, Count of Flanders

Robert of Nantes

Robert of Nantes (died 8 June 1254) was the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1240 to 1254.

See Eighth Crusade and Robert of Nantes

Roman Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem in the Holy Land

The See or Diocese of Bethlehem was a diocese in the Roman Catholic Church during the Crusades and is now a titular see.

See Eighth Crusade and Roman Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem in the Holy Land

Roman Catholic Diocese of Verdun

The Diocese of Verdun (Dioecesis Virodunensis; Diocèse de Verdun) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France.

See Eighth Crusade and Roman Catholic Diocese of Verdun

Roncesvalles

Roncesvalles (Orreaga; Ronzesbals; Roncevaux) is a small village and municipality in Navarre, northern Spain.

See Eighth Crusade and Roncesvalles

Rukn al-Din Khurshah

Rukn al-Dīn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad Khurshāh (or Khwarshāh) (ركن الدين الحسن بن محمد خورشاه) (1230–1256) was the son of ‘Alā’ ad-Dīn Muḥammad III and the 27th Isma'ili Imam.

See Eighth Crusade and Rukn al-Din Khurshah

Rychaldus

Rychaldus, Richaldus or Richardus (13th century) was a clerk and translator (notarius...ac interpreters Latinorum)Jackson, p.173 for the Mongol Ilkhanate rulers Hulagu Khan, and then Hulagu's son Abaqa Khan.

See Eighth Crusade and Rychaldus

Saba Malaspina

Saba Malaspina (died 1297 or 1298) was an Italian historian, writer, and clergyman.

See Eighth Crusade and Saba Malaspina

Sainte-Chapelle

The Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) is a royal chapel in the Gothic style, within the medieval Palais de la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the Île de la Cité in the River Seine in Paris, France.

See Eighth Crusade and Sainte-Chapelle

Second Barons' War

The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites.

See Eighth Crusade and Second Barons' War

Second Council of Lyon

The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, Kingdom of Arles (in modern France), in 1274.

See Eighth Crusade and Second Council of Lyon

Seventh Crusade

The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France. Eighth Crusade and Seventh Crusade are 13th-century crusades and Charles I of Anjou.

See Eighth Crusade and Seventh Crusade

Siege of Acre (1291)

The Siege of Acre (also called the Fall of Acre) took place in 1291 and resulted in the Crusaders' losing control of Acre to the Mamluks.

See Eighth Crusade and Siege of Acre (1291)

Siege of Aleppo (1260)

The siege of Aleppo lasted from 18 January to 24 January 1260.

See Eighth Crusade and Siege of Aleppo (1260)

Siege of Antioch (1268)

The Siege of Antioch occurred in 1268 when the Mamluk Sultanate under Baibars finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch.

See Eighth Crusade and Siege of Antioch (1268)

Siege of Baghdad

The siege of Baghdad took place in early 1258 at Baghdad, the historic capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Eighth Crusade and Siege of Baghdad

Siege of Safed (1266)

The siege of Safed (13 June – 23 July 1266) was part of the campaign of the Mamlūk sultan Baybars I to reduce the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and Siege of Safed (1266)

Simon de Melun

Simon de Melun (1250 – 11 July 1302 in Kortrijk) was a Marshal of France killed in the Battle of the Golden Spurs.

See Eighth Crusade and Simon de Melun

Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester

Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (– 4 August 1265), later sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from his namesake relatives, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III of England, culminating in the Second Barons' War.

See Eighth Crusade and Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester

Simon II of Clermont

Simon II of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1210–1285/86) was Seigneur (Lord) of Ailly, Maulette and Nesle (in Picardy).

See Eighth Crusade and Simon II of Clermont

Simon Mansel

Simon Mansel (between 1205 and 1220 – after 1268) was a Constable of Antioch.

See Eighth Crusade and Simon Mansel

Tarsus, Mersin

Tarsus (Hittite: 𒋫𒅈𒊭 Tārša; Greek Tarsós; Armenian Tarson; طَرسُوس Ṭarsūs) is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey.

See Eighth Crusade and Tarsus, Mersin

Templar of Tyre

Templar of Tyre (Templier de Tyr) is the conventional designation of the anonymous 14th-century historian who compiled the Old French chronicle known as the Deeds of the Cypriots (French: Gestes des Chiprois).

See Eighth Crusade and Templar of Tyre

Teutonic Order

The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and Teutonic Order

Theobald II of Navarre

Theobald II (6/7 December 1239 – 4/5 December 1270) was King of Navarre and also, as Theobald V, Count of Champagne and Brie, from 1253 until his death.

See Eighth Crusade and Theobald II of Navarre

Thomas Bérard

Thomas Bérard (also Béraud or Bérault), (? – 25 March 1273) was the 20th Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1256 to 1273.

See Eighth Crusade and Thomas Bérard

Trapani

Trapani (Tràpani) is a city and municipality (comune) on the west coast of Sicily, in Italy.

See Eighth Crusade and Trapani

Treaty of Christburg

The Treaty of Christburg (modern Dzierzgoń in Poland) was a peace treaty signed on 2 February 1249 between the pagan Prussian clans, represented by a papal legate, and the Teutonic Knights.

See Eighth Crusade and Treaty of Christburg

Treaty of Tunis

The Treaty of Tunis was an agreement during the Eighth Crusade.

See Eighth Crusade and Treaty of Tunis

Trials of the Knights Templar

In 1307, members of the Knights Templar in the Kingdom of France were suddenly charged with heresy and arrested after their leader, Master Jacques de Molay, had recently come to France for meetings with Pope Clement V. Many, including their leader, were burned at the stake while others were sentenced to perpetual imprisonment.

See Eighth Crusade and Trials of the Knights Templar

Tripoli, Lebanon

Tripoli (طَرَابُلُس) is the largest and most important city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.

See Eighth Crusade and Tripoli, Lebanon

Troubadour

A troubadour (trobador archaically: -->) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350).

See Eighth Crusade and Troubadour

Tudela, Navarre

Tudela is a municipality in Spain, the second largest city of the autonomous community of Navarre and twice a former Latin bishopric.

See Eighth Crusade and Tudela, Navarre

Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

See Eighth Crusade and Tunisia

Upper Rhine

The Upper Rhine (Oberrhein; Rhin Supérieur; kilometres 167 to 529 of the Rhine) is the section of the Rhine between the Middle Bridge in Basel, Switzerland, and the Rhine knee in Bingen, Germany.

See Eighth Crusade and Upper Rhine

Venice

Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

See Eighth Crusade and Venice

Viterbo

Viterbo (Viterbese: Veterbe; Viterbium) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Lazio region of Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.

See Eighth Crusade and Viterbo

Walter IV, Count of Brienne

Walter IV (Gauthier (1205–1246) was the count of Brienne from 1205 to 1246.

See Eighth Crusade and Walter IV, Count of Brienne

War of Saint Sabas

The War of Saint Sabas (1256–1270) was a conflict between the rival Italian maritime republics of Genoa (aided by Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, John of Arsuf, and the Knights Hospitaller) and Venice (aided by the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, John of Ibelin, and the Knights Templar), over control of Acre, in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

See Eighth Crusade and War of Saint Sabas

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Crusade

Also known as 8th Crusade, Tunis Crusade, Tunisian Crusade.

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Eighth Crusade, the Glossary

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