Energy & Entropy - Unionpedia, the concept map

Adiabatic process

An adiabatic process (adiabatic) is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment.

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Caloric theory

The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies.

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Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)

Carnot's theorem, also called Carnot's rule, is a principle of thermodynamics developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency that any heat engine can obtain.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Conservation of energy

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.

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Exergy

Exergy, often referred to as "available energy" or "useful work potential", is a fundamental concept in the field of thermodynamics and engineering.

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First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes.

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Friction

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

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Heat

In thermodynamics, heat is the thermal energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.

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Heat death of the universe

The heat death of the universe (also known as the Big Chill or Big Freeze) is a hypothesis on the ultimate fate of the universe, which suggests the universe will evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy, and will therefore be unable to sustain processes that increase entropy.

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Internal energy

The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it, measured as the quantity of energy necessary to bring the system from its standard internal state to its present internal state of interest, accounting for the gains and losses of energy due to changes in its internal state, including such quantities as magnetization.

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International System of Units

The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement.

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Irreversible process

In science, a process that is not reversible is called irreversible.

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Isolated system

In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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Josiah Willard Gibbs

Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

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Joule

The joule (pronounced, or; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).

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Line integral

In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be integrated is evaluated along a curve.

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Lord Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.

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Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

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Principle of maximum entropy

The principle of maximum entropy states that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge about a system is the one with largest entropy, in the context of precisely stated prior data (such as a proposition that expresses testable information).

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Rudolf Clausius

Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics.

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Second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions.

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Statistical mechanics

In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.

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Thermal energy

The term "thermal energy" is used loosely in various contexts in physics and engineering, generally related to the kinetic energy of vibrating and colliding atoms in a substance.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamic system

A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.

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William Rankine

William John Macquorn Rankine (5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist.

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Work (physics)

In science, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement.

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Work (thermodynamics)

Thermodynamic work is one of the principal processes by which a thermodynamic system can interact with its surroundings and exchange energy.

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