Enteric nervous system & Nervous system - Unionpedia, the concept map

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.

Acetylcholine and Enteric nervous system · Acetylcholine and Nervous system · See more »

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.

Autonomic nervous system and Enteric nervous system · Autonomic nervous system and Nervous system · See more »

Blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood.

Blood–brain barrier and Enteric nervous system · Blood–brain barrier and Nervous system · See more »

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

Central nervous system and Enteric nervous system · Central nervous system and Nervous system · See more »

Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.

Dopamine and Enteric nervous system · Dopamine and Nervous system · See more »

Enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the three main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the other being the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract.

Enteric nervous system and Enteric nervous system · Enteric nervous system and Nervous system · See more »

Ganglion

A ganglion (ganglia) is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Enteric nervous system and Ganglion · Ganglion and Nervous system · See more »

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Food taken in through the mouth is digested to extract nutrients and absorb energy, and the waste expelled at the anus as faeces. Gastrointestinal is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines. Most animals have a "through-gut" or complete digestive tract. Exceptions are more primitive ones: sponges have small pores (ostia) throughout their body for digestion and a larger dorsal pore (osculum) for excretion, comb jellies have both a ventral mouth and dorsal anal pores, while cnidarians and acoels have a single pore for both digestion and excretion. The human gastrointestinal tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, and is divided into the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. The GI tract includes all structures between the mouth and the anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organs of digestion, namely, the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The complete human digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The tract may also be divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut, reflecting the embryological origin of each segment. The whole human GI tract is about nine meters (30 feet) long at autopsy. It is considerably shorter in the living body because the intestines, which are tubes of smooth muscle tissue, maintain constant muscle tone in a halfway-tense state but can relax in spots to allow for local distention and peristalsis. The gastrointestinal tract contains the gut microbiota, with some 1,000 different strains of bacteria having diverse roles in the maintenance of immune health and metabolism, and many other microorganisms. Cells of the GI tract release hormones to help regulate the digestive process. These digestive hormones, including gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin, are mediated through either intracrine or autocrine mechanisms, indicating that the cells releasing these hormones are conserved structures throughout evolution.

Enteric nervous system and Gastrointestinal tract · Gastrointestinal tract and Nervous system · See more »

Human brain

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

Enteric nervous system and Human brain · Human brain and Nervous system · See more »

Interneuron

Interneurons (also called internuncial neurons, relay neurons, association neurons, connector neurons, intermediate neurons or local circuit neurons) are neurons that connect to brain regions, i.e. not direct motor neurons or sensory neurons.

Enteric nervous system and Interneuron · Interneuron and Nervous system · See more »

Neural crest

Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells that arise from the embryonic ectoderm germ layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.

Enteric nervous system and Neural crest · Nervous system and Neural crest · See more »

Neuron

A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.

Enteric nervous system and Neuron · Nervous system and Neuron · See more »

Neurotransmitter

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.

Enteric nervous system and Neurotransmitter · Nervous system and Neurotransmitter · See more »

Parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the sympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.

Enteric nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system · Nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system · See more »

Reflex

In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus.

Enteric nervous system and Reflex · Nervous system and Reflex · See more »

Sensory neuron

Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are neurons in the nervous system, that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials.

Enteric nervous system and Sensory neuron · Nervous system and Sensory neuron · See more »

Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.

Enteric nervous system and Sympathetic nervous system · Nervous system and Sympathetic nervous system · See more »

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Enteric nervous system and Vertebrate · Nervous system and Vertebrate · See more »