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Euphrates, the Glossary

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.^[1]

247 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Achaemenid Empire, Acheulean, Adab (city), Adiabene, Akkadian Empire, Akkadian language, Al Akhbar (Lebanon), Al-Busayrah, Al-Gharraf River, Al-Hasakah, Al-Hindiya, Al-Qurnah, Aleppo, Alexander the Great, Amaranthaceae, Ancient Rome, Arabian ostrich, Archaeological looting in Iraq, Archaeological site, Armenian highlands, Armenian language, Artemisia herba-alba, Artifact (archaeology), Assyria, Atatürk Dam, Çat, Baath Dam, Babylonia, Baghdad, Balikh River, Battle of Baghuz Fawqani, Battle of Karbala, Bible, Birecik, Birecik Dam, Book of Genesis, Byzantine Empire, City-state, Coat of arms of Iraq, Cultural heritage, Cuneiform, Cylinder seal, Cyprinidae, Darius III, Deir ez-Zor, Depression (geology), Desert, Deserts and xeric shrublands, Dingir, ... Expand index (197 more) »
Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan
Hebrew Bible rivers
Landforms of Şanlıurfa Province
Mesopotamia
Rivers in Mandaeism
Rivers of Iraq
Rivers of Kurdistan
Rivers of Syria
Torah places
Upper Mesopotamia

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.

See Euphrates and Achaemenid Empire

Acheulean

Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.

See Euphrates and Acheulean

Adab (city)

Adab or Udab (Sumerian: Adabki, spelled UD.NUNKI) was an ancient Sumerian city between Girsu and Nippur.

See Euphrates and Adab (city)

Adiabene

Adiabene (Greek: Αδιαβηνή) was an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia, corresponding to the northwestern part of ancient Assyria.

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Akkadian Empire

The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.

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Akkadian language

Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.

See Euphrates and Akkadian language

Al Akhbar (Lebanon)

Al Akhbar (الأخبار) is a daily Arabic language newspaper published in a semi tabloid format in Beirut.

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Al-Busayrah

Al-Busayrah (al-Buṣayrah) is a town in eastern Syria, administratively part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.

See Euphrates and Al-Busayrah

Al-Gharraf River

The Gharraf Canal, Shaṭṭ al-Ḥayy (Arabic: شط الحي), also known as Shaṭṭ al-Gharrāf (Arabic: شط الغرّاف) or the Hai river, is an ancient canal in Iraq that connects the Tigris at Kut al Amara with the Euphrates east of Nasiriyah.

See Euphrates and Al-Gharraf River

Al-Hasakah

Al-Hasakah (al-Ḥasaka; Heseke/حەسەکە; ܚܣܝܟܐ Hasake) is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria. Euphrates and Al-Hasakah are upper Mesopotamia.

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Al-Hindiya

Al-Hindiya or Hindiya (الهندية) is a city in Iraq on the Euphrates River.

See Euphrates and Al-Hindiya

Al-Qurnah

Al-Qurnah (Kurnah or Qurna, meaning connection/joint in Arabic) is a town in southern Iraq about 74 km northwest of Basra, that lies within the conglomeration of Nahairat.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria. Euphrates and Aleppo are Levant.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Amaranthaceae

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

See Euphrates and Ancient Rome

Arabian ostrich

The Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus), Syrian ostrich, or Middle Eastern ostrich is an extinct subspecies of the ostrich that lived on the Arabian Peninsula and in the Near East until the mid-20th century.

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Archaeological looting in Iraq

Archaeological looting in Iraq took place since at least the late 19th century.

See Euphrates and Archaeological looting in Iraq

Archaeological site

An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.

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Armenian highlands

The Armenian highlands (Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland)Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century.

See Euphrates and Armenian highlands

Armenian language

Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.

See Euphrates and Armenian language

Artemisia herba-alba

Artemisia herba-alba, the white wormwood, is a perennial shrub in the genus Artemisia that grows commonly on the dry steppes of the Mediterranean regions in Northern Africa (Saharan Maghreb), Western Asia (Arabian Peninsula) and Southwestern Europe.

See Euphrates and Artemisia herba-alba

Artifact (archaeology)

An artifact or artefact (British English) is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.

See Euphrates and Artifact (archaeology)

Assyria

Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Euphrates and Assyria are upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Assyria

Atatürk Dam

The Atatürk Dam (Atatürk Barajı), originally the Karababa Dam, is the third largest dam in the world and it is a zoned rock-fill dam with a central core on the Euphrates River on the border of Adıyaman Province and Şanlıurfa Province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.

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Çat

Çat (Oxlê) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey.

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Baath Dam

The Baath Dam (lit, Bendava Baas, Sekro d'Ba'ath) is a dam on the Euphrates, located upstream from the city of Raqqa in Raqqa Governorate, Syria.

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Babylonia

Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).

See Euphrates and Babylonia

Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Balikh River

The Balikh River (نهر البليخ) is a perennial river that originates in the spring of Ain al-Arous near Tell Abyad in the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion. Euphrates and Balikh River are international rivers of Asia, landforms of Şanlıurfa Province, rivers of Syria and rivers of Turkey.

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Battle of Baghuz Fawqani

The Battle of Baghuz Fawqani was an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), assisted by Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) coalition airstrikes, artillery, and special forces personnel, that began on 9 February 2019 as part of the Deir ez-Zor campaign of the Syrian Civil War.

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Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala (maʿraka Karbalāʾ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at Karbala, Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq).

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

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Birecik

Birecik is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.

See Euphrates and Birecik

Birecik Dam

The Birecik Dam, one of the 21 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project of Turkey, is located on the Euphrates River downstream of Atatürk Dam and upstream of Birecik town west of Province of Şanlıurfa in the southeastern region of Turkey.

See Euphrates and Birecik Dam

Book of Genesis

The Book of Genesis (from Greek; בְּרֵאשִׁית|Bərēʾšīṯ|In beginning; Liber Genesis) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

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Coat of arms of Iraq

The Emblem of Iraq since the rule of Baathism features a golden black eagle looking towards the viewer's left dexter. The eagle is the Eagle of Saladin associated with 20th-century pan-Arabism, bearing a shield of the Iraqi flag, and holding a scroll below with the Arabic words جمهورية العراق (Jumhuriyet Al-`Iraq or "Republic of Iraq").

See Euphrates and Coat of arms of Iraq

Cultural heritage

Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations.

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Cuneiform

Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.

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Cylinder seal

A cylinder seal is a small round cylinder, typically about one inch (2 to 3 cm) in length, engraved with written characters or figurative scenes or both, used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay.

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Cyprinidae

Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others.

See Euphrates and Cyprinidae

Darius III

Darius III (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁; Δαρεῖος; c. 380 – 330 BC) was the last Achaemenid King of Kings of Persia, reigning from 336 BC to his death in 330 BC.

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Deir ez-Zor

Deir ez-Zor (Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Euphrates and Deir ez-Zor are Levant.

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Depression (geology)

In geology, a depression is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.

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Desert

A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems.

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Deserts and xeric shrublands

Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.

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Dingir

Dingir ⟨⟩, usually transliterated DIĜIR, is a Sumerian word for 'god' or 'goddess'.

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Discharge (hydrology)

In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream.

See Euphrates and Discharge (hydrology)

Divinity

Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.

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Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.

See Euphrates and Drainage basin

Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)

The Early Dynastic period (abbreviated ED period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods.

See Euphrates and Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)

Early Muslim conquests

The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

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Ebla

Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.

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Einkorn wheat

Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to a wild species of wheat (Triticum) or to its domesticated form.

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El Kowm (archaeological site)

El Kowm or Al Kawm is a circular, gap in the Syrian mountains that houses a series of archaeological sites.

See Euphrates and El Kowm (archaeological site)

Emar

Emar, is an archaeological site at Tell Meskene in the Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria.

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Embankment dam

An embankment dam is a large artificial dam.

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Emmer

Emmer wheat or hulled wheat is a type of awned wheat.

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Eridu

Eridu (𒆠|translit.

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Euphrates softshell turtle

The Euphrates softshell turtle (Rafetus euphraticus), also known as the Mesopotamian softshell turtle, is a species of softshell turtle in the family Trionychidae.

See Euphrates and Euphrates softshell turtle

Eurasian beaver

The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) or European beaver is a species of beaver widespread across Eurasia, with a rapidly increasing population of at least 1.5 million in 2020.

See Euphrates and Eurasian beaver

Evaporation

Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.

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Fallujah

Fallujah (ٱلْفَلُّوجَة) is a city in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq.

See Euphrates and Fallujah

Farmer

A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.

See Euphrates and Farmer

Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.

See Euphrates and Fertile Crescent

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Euphrates and France

Fraxinus

Fraxinus, commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.

See Euphrates and Fraxinus

Gazelle

A gazelle is one of many antelope species in the genus Gazella.

See Euphrates and Gazelle

Gaziantep

Gaziantep, historically Aintab and still informally called Antep, is a major city in south-central Turkey.

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Gaziantep Province

Gaziantep Province (Gaziantep ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in south-central Turkey.

See Euphrates and Gaziantep Province

Ginza Rabba

The Ginza Rabba (lit), Ginza Rba, or Sidra Rabba (lit), and formerly the Codex Nasaraeus, is the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism.

See Euphrates and Ginza Rabba

Goat

The goat or domestic goat (Capra hircus) is a species of domesticated goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock.

See Euphrates and Goat

Golden jackal

The golden jackal (Canis aureus), also called the common jackal, is a wolf-like canid that is native to Eurasia.

See Euphrates and Golden jackal

Grade (slope)

The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal.

See Euphrates and Grade (slope)

Habbaniyah

Al Habbaniyah or Habbaniya (ٱلْحَبَّانِيَّة, al-Ḥabbānīyah) is a city 85 km (53 mi) west of Baghdad in Al-Anbar Province, in central Iraq.

See Euphrates and Habbaniyah

Habitat

In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.

See Euphrates and Habitat

Habuba Kabira

Habuba Kabira (also Hubaba Kabire and Habuba Kebira) at Tell Qanas is the site of an Uruk settlement along the Euphrates in Syria, founded during the later part of the Uruk period.

See Euphrates and Habuba Kabira

Haditha

Haditha (حَدِيثَةٌ, al-Ḥadīthah) is a town in the Al Anbar Governorate, about northwest of Baghdad.

See Euphrates and Haditha

Haditha Dam

The Haditha Dam (Sadd Ḥadītha) or Qadisiya Dam is an earth-fill dam on the Euphrates, north of Haditha (Iraq), creating Lake Qadisiyah (Buhayrat al-Qadisiyyah).

See Euphrates and Haditha Dam

Halabiye Dam

The Halabiye Dam (or Zalabiye Dam) is a proposed dam on the Euphrates in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Syria.

See Euphrates and Halabiye Dam

Hammurabi

Hammurabi (𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉|translit.

See Euphrates and Hammurabi

Height above mean sea level

Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level.

See Euphrates and Height above mean sea level

Hindiya Barrage

The Hindiya Barrage is a barrage on the Euphrates south of the town of Musayyib in Babil Governorate of Iraq.

See Euphrates and Hindiya Barrage

Hit, Iraq

Hit or Heet (هيت, Hīt) is an Iraqi city in Al Anbar Governorate.

See Euphrates and Hit, Iraq

Hittites

The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.

See Euphrates and Hittites

Homo erectus

Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago.

See Euphrates and Homo erectus

Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

See Euphrates and Hunter-gatherer

Hurrian language

Hurrian is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language spoken by the Hurrians (Khurrites), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC.

See Euphrates and Hurrian language

Hydropower

Hydropower (from Ancient Greek -, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.

See Euphrates and Hydropower

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Euphrates and Iran

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Euphrates and Iraq

Isin

Isin (modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq which was the location of the Ancient Near East city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium Uruk period up until at least the late 1st millennium BC Neo-Babylonian period.

See Euphrates and Isin

Islamic State

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.

See Euphrates and Islamic State

Jemdet Nasr period

The Jemdet Nasr Period is an archaeological culture in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq).

See Euphrates and Jemdet Nasr period

Jerf el Ahmar

Jerf el Ahmar (الجرف الأحمر) is a Neolithic site in northern Syria, which dated back between 9,200 and 8,700 BC. Euphrates and Jerf el Ahmar are upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Jerf el Ahmar

John of Patmos

John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine, John the Theologian) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Book of Revelation.

See Euphrates and John of Patmos

Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Euphrates and Jordan are Levant.

See Euphrates and Jordan

Kaaba

The Kaaba, sometimes referred to as al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

See Euphrates and Kaaba

Karasu (Euphrates)

The Karasu (Turkish for 'black water') or Western Euphrates is a long river in eastern Turkey, one of the two sources of the Euphrates. Euphrates and Karasu (Euphrates) are rivers of Turkey.

See Euphrates and Karasu (Euphrates)

Karst

Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.

See Euphrates and Karst

Kassites

The Kassites were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire and until (short chronology).

See Euphrates and Kassites

Keban

Keban is a town of Elazığ Province of Turkey.

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Keban Dam

The Keban Dam (Keban Barajı) is a hydroelectric dam on the Euphrates, located in the Elazığ Province of Turkey.

See Euphrates and Keban Dam

Khabur (Euphrates)

The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria. Euphrates and Khabur (Euphrates) are international rivers of Asia, landforms of Şanlıurfa Province, Levant, rivers of Kurdistan, rivers of Syria, rivers of Turkey, tur Abdin and upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Khabur (Euphrates)

Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior) sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.

See Euphrates and Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

Kish (Sumer)

Kish (Kiš;; cuneiform: 𒆧𒆠; Kiššatu, near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located south of Baghdad and east of the ancient city of Babylon.

See Euphrates and Kish (Sumer)

Koine Greek

Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.

See Euphrates and Koine Greek

Kufa

Kufa (الْكُوفَة), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf.

See Euphrates and Kufa

Kurdish language

Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.

See Euphrates and Kurdish language

Kuwait

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.

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Lake Assad

Lake Assad (بحيرة الأسد, Buhayrat al-Assad) is a reservoir on the Euphrates in Raqqa Governorate, Syria.

See Euphrates and Lake Assad

Lake Habbaniyah

Lake Habbaniyah (Buḥayrat al-Ḥabbāniya) is a lake located halfway between Ramadi and Fallujah near Al-Taqaddum (TQ) Air Base in Al Habbaniyah in Anbar Province, Iraq.

See Euphrates and Lake Habbaniyah

Lake Qadisiyah

A man-made reservoir in Al-Anbar, Iraq, Lake Qadisiyah (بحيرة القادسية) sits on the north side of the Haditha Dam.

See Euphrates and Lake Qadisiyah

Lake Tharthar

Lake Tharthar (also Therthar), and known in Iraq as Buhayrat ath-Tharthar (بحيرة الثرثار), is an artificial lake created in 1956, situated 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Baghdad between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.

See Euphrates and Lake Tharthar

Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü; translit; Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey.

See Euphrates and Lake Van

Lalish

Lalish (translit, also known as Lalişa Nûranî) is a mountain valley and temple located in the Nineveh Plains of northern Iraq,.

See Euphrates and Lalish

Larsa

Larsa (𒌓𒀕𒆠|translit.

See Euphrates and Larsa

Leopard

The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera.

See Euphrates and Leopard

Lesser Armenia

Lesser Armenia (translit; Armenia Minor), also known as Armenia Minor and Armenia Inferior, comprised the Armenian-populated regions primarily to the west and northwest of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (also known as Kingdom of Greater Armenia), on the western side of the Euphrates River.

See Euphrates and Lesser Armenia

Lion

The lion (Panthera leo) is a large cat of the genus Panthera, native to Africa and India.

See Euphrates and Lion

List of longest rivers of Asia

This is a list of longest rivers of Asia.

See Euphrates and List of longest rivers of Asia

List of Mandaic manuscripts

This article contains a list of Mandaic manuscripts, which are almost entirely Mandaean religious texts written in Classical Mandaic.

See Euphrates and List of Mandaic manuscripts

Logogram

In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.

See Euphrates and Logogram

Manbij

Manbij (Manbiǧ, Minbic, Münbiç, Menbic, or Menbiç) is a city in the northeast of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, west of the Euphrates.

See Euphrates and Manbij

Mandaic language

Mandaic, or more specifically Classical Mandaic, is the liturgical language of Mandaeism and a South Eastern Aramaic variety in use by the Mandaean community, traditionally based in southern parts of Iraq and southwest Iran, for their religious books.

See Euphrates and Mandaic language

Mandate for Mesopotamia

The Mandate for Mesopotamia (al-Intidāb ʿalā Bilād mā bayn an-Nahrayn) was a proposed League of Nations mandate to cover Ottoman Iraq (Mesopotamia).

See Euphrates and Mandate for Mesopotamia

Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.

See Euphrates and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

Mangar (fish)

The Mangar or pike barbel, (Luciobarbus esocinus) is a large species of ray-finned fish in the genus Luciobarbus within the family Cyprinidae, native to the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.

See Euphrates and Mangar (fish)

Mari, Syria

Mari (Cuneiform:, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria.

See Euphrates and Mari, Syria

Mayadin

Mayadin (ٱلْمِيَادِين/ALA-LC: al-Miyādīn) is a town in eastern Syria.

See Euphrates and Mayadin

Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

See Euphrates and Mecca

Media (in Old Persian: Māda; in Greek: Mēdía; in Akkadian: Mādāya) was a political entity centered in Ecbatana that existed from the 7th century BCE until the mid-6th century BCE and is believed to have dominated a significant portion of the Iranian plateau, preceding the powerful Achaemenid Empire.

See Euphrates and Median kingdom

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

See Euphrates and Mesopotamia

Mesopotamian Marshes

The Mesopotamian Marshes, also known as the Iraqi Marshes, are a wetland area located in Southern Iraq and southwestern Iran as well as partially in northern Kuwait. Euphrates and Mesopotamian Marshes are Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Mesopotamian Marshes

Middle Assyrian Empire

The Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC.

See Euphrates and Middle Assyrian Empire

Mitanni

Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts,; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.

See Euphrates and Mitanni

Mosaic

A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.

See Euphrates and Mosaic

Mountains of Ararat

In the Book of Genesis, the mountains of Ararat (Biblical Hebrew, Tiberian hārê ’Ǎrārāṭ, Septuagint: ὄρη τὰ Ἀραράτ) is the term used to designate the region in which Noah's Ark comes to rest after the Great Flood.

See Euphrates and Mountains of Ararat

Murat River

The Murat River, also called Eastern Euphrates (Murat Nehri,, translit), is a major source of the Euphrates River. Euphrates and Murat River are rivers of Turkey.

See Euphrates and Murat River

Mureybet

Mureybet (lit) is a tell, or ancient settlement mound, located on the west bank of the Euphrates in Raqqa Governorate, northern Syria.

See Euphrates and Mureybet

Nasiriyah

Nasiriyah (an-Nāṣiriyya, BGN), also spelled Nassiriya or Nasiriya, is a city in Iraq, the capital of the Dhi Qar Governorate.

See Euphrates and Nasiriyah

National Library of Israel

The National Library of Israel (NLI; translit; المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; translit), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage.

See Euphrates and National Library of Israel

Natufian culture

Natufian culture is a Late Epipaleolithic archaeological culture of the Neolithic prehistoric Levant in Western Asia, dating to around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago.

See Euphrates and Natufian culture

Neo-Assyrian Empire

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.

See Euphrates and Neo-Assyrian Empire

Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.

See Euphrates and Neo-Babylonian Empire

Nevalı Çori

Nevalı Çori (Nevali Çori, Newala Çorî) was an early Neolithic settlement on the middle Euphrates, in Şanlıurfa Province, Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey.

See Euphrates and Nevalı Çori

New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

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Nippur

Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as, EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;"I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory: Vol. 1, Part 1, Cambridge University Press, 1970 Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city.

See Euphrates and Nippur

Oak

An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.

See Euphrates and Oak

Oat

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural).

See Euphrates and Oat

Old Assyrian period

The Old Assyrian period was the second stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of the city of Assur from its rise as an independent city-state under Ushpia 2080 BC, and consolidated under Puzur-Ashur I 2025 BC to the foundation of a larger Assyrian territorial state and empire after the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC, which marks the beginning of the succeeding Middle Assyrian period.

See Euphrates and Old Assyrian period

Onager

The onager, also known as hemione or Asiatic wild ass, is a species of the family Equidae native to Asia.

See Euphrates and Onager

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

See Euphrates and Ottoman Empire

Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.

See Euphrates and Parthian Empire

Partition of the Ottoman Empire

The Partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 19181 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French, and Italian troops in November 1918.

See Euphrates and Partition of the Ottoman Empire

Pastoralism

Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds.

See Euphrates and Pastoralism

Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (Fars), sometimes called the (Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in West Asia.

See Euphrates and Persian Gulf

Pistacia

Pistacia is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae.

See Euphrates and Pistacia

Platanus orientalis

Platanus orientalis, the Old World sycamore or Oriental plane, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, growing to or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown.

See Euphrates and Platanus orientalis

Poa

Poa is a genus of about 570 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres.

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Populus

Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere.

See Euphrates and Populus

Pottery

Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.

See Euphrates and Pottery

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant, dating to years ago, that is, 8800–6500 BC.

See Euphrates and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

Rainfed agriculture

Rainfed agriculture is a type of farming that relies on rainfall for water.

See Euphrates and Rainfed agriculture

Ramadi

Ramadi (ٱلرَّمَادِي Ar-Ramādī; also formerly rendered as Rumadiyah or Rumadiya) is a city in central Iraq, about west of Baghdad and west of Fallujah. Euphrates and Ramadi are Levant.

See Euphrates and Ramadi

Ramadi Barrage

Ramadi Barrage is a two-section diversion dam on the Euphrates River adjacent (west) of Ramadi, Iraq.

See Euphrates and Ramadi Barrage

Raqqa

Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.

See Euphrates and Raqqa

Ras al-Ayn

Ras al-Ayn (Raʾs al-ʿAyn, Serê Kaniyê, Rēš Aynā), also spelled Ras al-Ain, is a city in al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria, on the Syria–Turkey border.

See Euphrates and Ras al-Ayn

Recreational fishing

Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing or game fishing, is fishing for leisure, exercise or competition.

See Euphrates and Recreational fishing

Red fox

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus parts of North Africa.

See Euphrates and Red fox

Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation.

See Euphrates and Remote sensing

Rescue archaeology

Rescue archaeology, sometimes called commercial archaeology, preventive archaeology, salvage archaeology, contract archaeology, developer-funded archaeology, or compliance archaeology, is state-sanctioned, archaeological survey and excavation carried out as part of the planning process in advance of construction or other land development.

See Euphrates and Rescue archaeology

Reservoir

A reservoir is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation.

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Riparian zone

A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream.

See Euphrates and Riparian zone

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See Euphrates and Roman Empire

Rosaceae

Rosaceae (-si.eɪ), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.

See Euphrates and Rosaceae

Rye

Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop.

See Euphrates and Rye

Sajur River

The Sajur (Nahr as-Sājūr; Sacır Suyu) is a long river originating in Turkey and flowing into the Euphrates in Syria. Euphrates and Sajur River are international rivers of Asia, rivers of Syria and rivers of Turkey.

See Euphrates and Sajur River

Samawah

Samawah or As-Samawah (as-Samāwah) is a city in Iraq, 280 kilometres (174 mi) southeast of Baghdad.

See Euphrates and Samawah

Sargon of Akkad

Sargon of Akkad (𒊬𒊒𒄀|Šarrugi), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.

See Euphrates and Sargon of Akkad

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

See Euphrates and Sasanian Empire

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.

See Euphrates and Saudi Arabia

Second Coming

The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is the Christian belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth after his ascension to Heaven (which is said to have occurred about two thousand years ago).

See Euphrates and Second Coming

Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.

See Euphrates and Seleucid Empire

Semitic languages

The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.

See Euphrates and Semitic languages

Shatt al-Arab

The Arvand Rud (lit; lit) is a river about in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. Euphrates and Shatt al-Arab are international rivers of Asia, rivers in Mandaeism and rivers of Iraq.

See Euphrates and Shatt al-Arab

Sheep

Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

See Euphrates and Sheep

Shuruppak

Shuruppak (𒋢𒆳𒊒𒆠, SU.KUR.RUki, "the healing place"), modern Tell Fara, was an ancient Sumerian city situated about 55 kilometres (35 mi) south of Nippur and 30 kilometers north of ancient Uruk on the banks of the Euphrates in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.

See Euphrates and Shuruppak

Sippar

Sippar (Sumerian:, Zimbir) was an ancient Near Eastern Sumerian and later Babylonian city on the east bank of the Euphrates river.

See Euphrates and Sippar

Southeastern Anatolia Project

The Southeastern Anatolia Project (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, GAP) is a multi-sector integrated regional development project based on the concept of sustainable development for the 9 million people (2005) living in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Euphrates and Southeastern Anatolia Project are upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Southeastern Anatolia Project

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Euphrates and Soviet Union

Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes.

See Euphrates and Steppe

Stratum (linguistics)

In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a historical layer of language that influences or is influenced by another language through contact.

See Euphrates and Stratum (linguistics)

Subartu

The land of Subartu (Akkadian Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri, Assyrian mât Šubarri) or Subar (Sumerian Su-bir4/Subar/Šubur, Ugaritic 𐎘𐎁𐎗 ṯbr) is mentioned in Bronze Age literature.

See Euphrates and Subartu

Sumerian language

Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.

See Euphrates and Sumerian language

Survey (archaeology)

In archaeology, survey or field survey is a type of field research by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) search for archaeological sites and collect information about the location, distribution and organization of past human cultures across a large area (e.g. typically in excess of one hectare, and often in excess of many km2).

See Euphrates and Survey (archaeology)

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Euphrates and Syria are Levant.

See Euphrates and Syria

Syrian brown bear

The Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus or Ursus arctos arctos) is a medium-sized and endangered subspecies of Eurasian brown bear native to the Middle East and West-Central Asia, particularly around the Caucasus Mountains.

See Euphrates and Syrian brown bear

Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

See Euphrates and Syrian civil war

Syrian Desert

The Syrian Desert (بادية الشامBādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian Desert, the Jordanian steppe, or the Badiya, is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering approx.

See Euphrates and Syrian Desert

Tabqa Dam

The Tabqa Dam (Sadd aṭ-Ṭabqah, Bendava Tebqa; Sekro d'Tabqa), or al-Thawra Dam as it is also named (Sadd aṯ-Ṯawrah, Bendava Tewra; Sekro d'Ṯawra, literally "Dam of the Revolution"), most commonly known as Euphrates Dam (Sadd al-Furāt; Bendava Firatê; Sekro d'Frot), is an earthen dam on the Euphrates, located upstream from the city of Raqqa in Raqqa Governorate, Syria.

See Euphrates and Tabqa Dam

Tamarix

The genus Tamarix (tamarisk, salt cedar, taray) is composed of about 50–60 species of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, native to drier areas of Eurasia and Africa.

See Euphrates and Tamarix

Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze

Tamaz Valerianis dze Gamkrelidze (თამაზ ვალერიანის ძე გამყრელიძე; 23 October 1929 – 10 February 2021) was a Georgian linguist, orientalist public benefactor and Hittitologist, Academic (since 1974) and President (2005–2013) of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS), Doctor of Sciences (1963), Professor (1964).

See Euphrates and Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze

Taurus Mountains

The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar, Greek: Ταύρος) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. Euphrates and Taurus Mountains are upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Taurus Mountains

Tell Abu Hureyra

Tell Abu Hureyra (تل أبو هريرة) is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Upper Euphrates valley in Syria.

See Euphrates and Tell Abu Hureyra

Tell Brak

Tell Brak (Nagar, Nawar) was an ancient city in Syria; its remains constitute a tell located in the Upper Khabur region, near the modern village of Tell Brak, 50 kilometers north-east of Al-Hasaka city, Al-Hasakah Governorate.

See Euphrates and Tell Brak

Tell es-Sawwan

Tell es-Sawwan is an important Samarran period archaeological site in Saladin Province, Iraq.

See Euphrates and Tell es-Sawwan

Tell Leilan

Tell Leilan is an archaeological site situated near the Wadi Jarrah in the Khabur River basin in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.

See Euphrates and Tell Leilan

Tell Mashnaqa

Tell Mashnaqa (تل مشنقة) is an archaeological site located on the Khabur River, a tributary to the Euphrates, about south of Al-Hasakah in northeastern Syria.

See Euphrates and Tell Mashnaqa

Third Dynasty of Ur

The Third Dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire, refers to a 22nd to 21st century BC (middle chronology) Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state which some historians consider to have been a nascent empire.

See Euphrates and Third Dynasty of Ur

Tigris

The Tigris (see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. Euphrates and Tigris are geography of Iraqi Kurdistan, international rivers of Asia, Levant, Mesopotamia, rivers in Mandaeism, rivers of Iraq, rivers of Kurdistan, rivers of Syria, rivers of Turkey, tur Abdin and upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Tigris

Tigris–Euphrates river system

The Tigris–Euphrates river system is a large river system in Western Asia that flows into the Persian Gulf.

See Euphrates and Tigris–Euphrates river system

Tishrin Dam

The Tishrin Dam (lit) is a dam on the Euphrates, located east of Aleppo in Aleppo Governorate, Syria.

See Euphrates and Tishrin Dam

Treaty of Lausanne

The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne, Lozan Antlaşması.) is a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.

See Euphrates and Treaty of Lausanne

Trionychidae

The Trionychidae are a taxonomic family of a number of turtle genera, commonly known as softshell turtles.

See Euphrates and Trionychidae

Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

See Euphrates and Turkey

Turkish language

Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.

See Euphrates and Turkish language

Ubaid period

The Ubaid period (c. 5500–3700 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Ubaid period

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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Upper Mesopotamia

Upper Mesopotamia constitutes the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Euphrates and Upper Mesopotamia are Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Upper Mesopotamia

Ur

Ur was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (mound of bitumen) in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq.

See Euphrates and Ur

Urbanism

Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment.

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Urfa

Urfa, officially called Şanlıurfa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province.

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Uruk

Uruk, known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near East, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river.

See Euphrates and Uruk

Uruk period

The Uruk period (c. 4000 to 3100 BC; also known as Protoliterate period) existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, after the Ubaid period and before the Jemdet Nasr period.

See Euphrates and Uruk period

Vegetation

Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide.

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Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist)

Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov (Вячесла́в Все́володович Ива́нов, 21 August 1929 – 7 October 2017) was a prominent Soviet/Russian philologist, semiotician and Indo-Europeanist probably best known for his glottalic theory of Indo-European consonantism and for placing the Indo-European urheimat in the area of the Armenian Highlands and Lake Urmia.

See Euphrates and Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist)

War in Iraq (2013–2017)

The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State.

See Euphrates and War in Iraq (2013–2017)

West Asia

West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.

See Euphrates and West Asia

Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.

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William Willcocks

Sir William Willcocks (27 September 1852 in India – 28 July 1932 in Cairo, Egypt) was a British civil engineer during the high point of the British Empire.

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Wolf

The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America.

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World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Yakutiye

Yakutiye is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey.

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Yardna

In Mandaeism, a yardna (lit) or yardena (یردنا) is a body of flowing fresh water (or in lit; pronounced mia h(a)yya) that is suitable for ritual use as baptismal water. Euphrates and yardna are rivers in Mandaeism.

See Euphrates and Yardna

Yazidis

Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (translit), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran.

See Euphrates and Yazidis

Zagros Mountains

The Zagros Mountains (Kuh hā-ye Zāgros; translit; translit;; Luri: Kûya Zagrus کویا زاگرس or کوه یل زاگرس) are a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. Euphrates and Zagros Mountains are geography of Iraqi Kurdistan and upper Mesopotamia.

See Euphrates and Zagros Mountains

Zeugma (Commagene)

Zeugma (Ζεῦγμα; ܙܘܓܡܐ) was an ancient Hellenistic era Greek and then Roman city of Commagene; located in modern Gaziantep Province, Turkey.

See Euphrates and Zeugma (Commagene)

Ziwa (Aramaic)

Ziwa (also transliterated as ziua) is an Aramaic term that is typically translated as 'radiance' or 'splendor.' It is frequently used as an epithet for celestial beings and manifestations of God in Gnostic religions such as Mandaeism and Manichaeism.

See Euphrates and Ziwa (Aramaic)

2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War.

See Euphrates and 2003 invasion of Iraq

2017 Western Iraq campaign

The 2017 Western Iraq campaign was the final major military operation of the 2013–2017 war in Iraq, in the western province of Anbar, and on the border with Syria, with the goal of completely expelling ISIL forces from their last strongholds in Iraq.

See Euphrates and 2017 Western Iraq campaign

3rd millennium BC

The 3rd millennium BC spanned the years 3000 to 2001 BC.

See Euphrates and 3rd millennium BC

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates

Also known as Eufrat, Euphrat, Euphratean, Euphrates R., Euphrates River, Euphrátēs, Euprates, Firat River, Froṯ, Fırat River, Nahr ul-Furāt, Prāṯ, Pu-rat-tu, River Euphrates, The Euphrates, The Euphrates River, Yeṗrat, Ευφράτης, Եփրատ, פרת, الفرات, نهر الفرات.

, Discharge (hydrology), Divinity, Drainage basin, Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Muslim conquests, Ebla, Einkorn wheat, El Kowm (archaeological site), Emar, Embankment dam, Emmer, Eridu, Euphrates softshell turtle, Eurasian beaver, Evaporation, Fallujah, Farmer, Fertile Crescent, France, Fraxinus, Gazelle, Gaziantep, Gaziantep Province, Ginza Rabba, Goat, Golden jackal, Grade (slope), Habbaniyah, Habitat, Habuba Kabira, Haditha, Haditha Dam, Halabiye Dam, Hammurabi, Height above mean sea level, Hindiya Barrage, Hit, Iraq, Hittites, Homo erectus, Hunter-gatherer, Hurrian language, Hydropower, Iran, Iraq, Isin, Islamic State, Jemdet Nasr period, Jerf el Ahmar, John of Patmos, Jordan, Kaaba, Karasu (Euphrates), Karst, Kassites, Keban, Keban Dam, Khabur (Euphrates), Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kish (Sumer), Koine Greek, Kufa, Kurdish language, Kuwait, Lake Assad, Lake Habbaniyah, Lake Qadisiyah, Lake Tharthar, Lake Van, Lalish, Larsa, Leopard, Lesser Armenia, Lion, List of longest rivers of Asia, List of Mandaic manuscripts, Logogram, Manbij, Mandaic language, Mandate for Mesopotamia, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, Mangar (fish), Mari, Syria, Mayadin, Mecca, Median kingdom, Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian Marshes, Middle Assyrian Empire, Mitanni, Mosaic, Mountains of Ararat, Murat River, Mureybet, Nasiriyah, National Library of Israel, Natufian culture, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Nevalı Çori, New Testament, Nippur, Oak, Oat, Old Assyrian period, Onager, Ottoman Empire, Parthian Empire, Partition of the Ottoman Empire, Pastoralism, Persian Gulf, Pistacia, Platanus orientalis, Poa, Populus, Pottery, Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Rainfed agriculture, Ramadi, Ramadi Barrage, Raqqa, Ras al-Ayn, Recreational fishing, Red fox, Remote sensing, Rescue archaeology, Reservoir, Riparian zone, Roman Empire, Rosaceae, Rye, Sajur River, Samawah, Sargon of Akkad, Sasanian Empire, Saudi Arabia, Second Coming, Seleucid Empire, Semitic languages, Shatt al-Arab, Sheep, Shuruppak, Sippar, Southeastern Anatolia Project, Soviet Union, Steppe, Stratum (linguistics), Subartu, Sumerian language, Survey (archaeology), Syria, Syrian brown bear, Syrian civil war, Syrian Desert, Tabqa Dam, Tamarix, Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, Taurus Mountains, Tell Abu Hureyra, Tell Brak, Tell es-Sawwan, Tell Leilan, Tell Mashnaqa, Third Dynasty of Ur, Tigris, Tigris–Euphrates river system, Tishrin Dam, Treaty of Lausanne, Trionychidae, Turkey, Turkish language, Ubaid period, UNESCO, United Kingdom, Upper Mesopotamia, Ur, Urbanism, Urfa, Uruk, Uruk period, Vegetation, Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist), War in Iraq (2013–2017), West Asia, Wild boar, William Willcocks, Wolf, World Bank, World War I, Yakutiye, Yardna, Yazidis, Zagros Mountains, Zeugma (Commagene), Ziwa (Aramaic), 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2017 Western Iraq campaign, 3rd millennium BC.

Euphrates, the Glossary

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