Felix Aderca & Ion Vinea - Unionpedia, the concept map

A. L. Zissu

Abraham Leib Zissu (first name also Avram, middle name also Leiba or Leibu; אברהם לייב זיסו; January 25, 1888 – September 6, 1956) was a Romanian writer, political essayist, industrialist, and spokesman of the Jewish Romanian community.

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Adevărul

(meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Adrian Maniu

Adrian Maniu (February 6, 1891 – April 20, 1968) was a Romanian poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist, and translator.

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Al. T. Stamatiad

Al.

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Alexandru Piru

Alexandru Piru (August 22, 1917 – November 6, 1993) was a Romanian literary critic and historian.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

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Andrei Oișteanu

Andrei Oișteanu (born September 18, 1948) is a Romanian historian of religions and mentalities, ethnologist, cultural anthropologist, literary critic and novelist.

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Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

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Apostrof

Apostrof (Romanian for "Apostrophe") is a monthly literary magazine published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania under the Romanian Writers' Union patronage.

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Art manifesto

An art manifesto is a public declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an artist or artistic movement.

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Benjamin Fondane

Benjamin Fondane or Benjamin Fundoianu (born Benjamin Wechsler, Wexler or Vecsler, first name also Beniamin or Barbu, usually abridged to B.; November 14, 1898 – October 2, 1944) was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

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Camil Petrescu

Camil Petrescu (9/21 April 1894 – 14 May 1957) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet.

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Cartea Românească

Cartea Românească ("The Romanian Book") is a publishing house in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1919.

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Censorship in Communist Romania

Censorship in Communist Romania occurred during the Socialist Republic in two stages: under the first Communist president Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1947–1965) and the second and last Communist president Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965–1989).

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Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

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Cezar Petrescu

Cezar Petrescu (December 1, 1892–March 9, 1961) was a Romanian journalist, novelist, and children's writer.

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Constructivism (art)

Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko.

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Contemporanul

Contemporanul (The Contemporary) was a Romanian literary magazine published in Iaşi, Romania, from 1881 to 1891.

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Contimporanul

Contimporanul (antiquated spelling of the Romanian word for "the Contemporary", singular masculine form) was a Romanian (initially a weekly and later a monthly) avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 and 1932.

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Dacianism

Dacianism is a Romanian term describing the tendency to ascribe, largely relying on questionable data and subjective interpretation, an idealized past to the country as a whole.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Editura Minerva

Editura Minerva is one of the largest publishing houses in Romania.

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Erotic literature

Erotic literature, or literotica, comprises fictional and factual stories and accounts of eros (passionate, romantic or sexual relationships) intended to arouse similar feelings in readers.

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Eugène Ionesco

Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu,; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and was one of the foremost figures of the French avant-garde theatre in the 20th century.

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Eugen Lovinescu

Eugen Lovinescu (31 October 1881 – 16 July 1943) was a Romanian modernist literary historian, literary critic, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburătorul literary club.

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Expressionism

Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Flacăra

Flacăra (Romanian for "The Flame") is a weekly literary magazine published in Bucharest, Romania.

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Futurism

Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century.

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Gala Galaction

Gala Galaction (the pen name of Grigore or Grigorie Pișculescu; April 16, 1879—March 8, 1961) was a Romanian Orthodox clergyman, theologian, writer, journalist, left-wing activist, as well as a political figure of the People's Republic of Romania.

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Gândirea

Gândirea ("The Thinking"), known during its early years as Gândirea Literară - Artistică - Socială ("The Literary - Artistic - Social Thinking"), was a Romanian literary, political and art magazine.

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Geo Bogza

Geo Bogza (born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 – September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions.

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George Călinescu

George Călinescu (19 June 1899, Bucharest – 12 March 1965, Otopeni) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies.

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Germanophile

A Germanophile, Teutonophile, or Teutophile is a person who is fond of German culture, German people and Germany in general, or who exhibits German patriotism in spite of not being either an ethnic German or a German citizen.

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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian politician and electrician.

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Greater Romania

The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union.

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Henri Barbusse

Henri Barbusse (17 May 1873 – 30 August 1935) was a French novelist, short story writer, journalist, poet and political activist.

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Henriette Yvonne Stahl

Henriette Yvonne Stahl (January 9, 1900 – May 25/26, 1984) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer and translator.

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Hermeticism (poetry)

Hermeticism in poetry, or hermetic poetry, is a form of obscure and difficult poetry, as of the Symbolist school, wherein the language and imagery are subjective, and where the suggestive power of the sound of words is as important as their meaning.

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Historical fiction

Historical fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events.

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History of the Jews in Romania

The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.

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Humanitas (publishing house)

Humanitas (Editura Humanitas) is an independent Romanian publishing house, located at Piața Presei Libere 1 (House of the Free Press), Bucharest.

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Iași

Iași (also known by other alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy, is the third largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County.

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Intertextuality

Intertextuality is the shaping of a text's meaning by another text, either through deliberate compositional strategies such as quotation, allusion, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche or parody,Gerard Genette (1997) Paratexts Hallo, William W. (2010) The World's Oldest Literature: Studies in Sumerian Belles-Lettres Cancogni, Annapaola (1985) pp.203-213 or by interconnections between similar or related works perceived by an audience or reader of the text.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II.

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Ion Barbu

Ion Barbu (pen name of Dan Barbilian; 18 March 1895 –11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet.

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Ion Călugăru

Ion Călugăru (born Ștrul Leiba Croitoru, Ion Călugăru, Ioan Lăcustă,, at the; retrieved February 17, 2010 also known as Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, Liviu Rotman (ed.),, Editura Hasefer, Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Bucharest, 2008, p.174. B. Croitoru;Călinescu, p.795; Crohmălniceanu, p.346Tudor Opriș, Istoria debutului literar al scriitorilor români în timpul școlii (1820-2000), Aramis Print, Bucharest, 2002, p.132. Ioana Pârvulescu,, in România Literară, Nr. 16/2002 February 14, 1902 – May 22, 1956) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist, and critic.

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Ion Minulescu

Ion Minulescu (6 January 1881 – 11 April 1944) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, short story writer, journalist, literary critic, and playwright.

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de Fier) was a Romanian militant revolutionary fascist movement and political party founded in 1927 by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as the Legion of the Archangel Michael (Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail) or the Legionary Movement (Mișcarea Legionară).

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Journalism

Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the "news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree of accuracy.

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King of Romania

The King of Romania (Regele României) or King of the Romanians (Regele Românilor) was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom

Between 21 and 23 January 1941, a rebellion of the Iron Guard paramilitary organization, whose members were known as Legionnaires, occurred in Bucharest, Romania.

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Literary modernism

Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing.

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Luceafărul (magazine)

Luceafărul ("Lucifer") was a Romanian-language literary and cultural magazine that appeared in three series: 1902-1914 and 1919-1920; 1934-1939; and 1941-1945.

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Lucian Blaga

Lucian Blaga (9 May 1895 – 6 May 1961) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, playwright, poetry translator and novelist.

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Lucian Boia

Lucian Boia (born 1 February 1944) is a Romanian historian.

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Lyric poetry

Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.

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Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.

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Marcel Janco

Marcel Janco (common rendition of the Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu; 24 May 1895 – 21 April 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist.

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Mișcarea Literară

Mișcarea Literară (Romanian for "The Literary Movement") was a literary and art weekly published in Romania from 1924 to 1925 by writer Liviu Rebreanu and poet Alexandru Dominic.

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Mihai Gafița

Mihai or Mihail Gafița (Francized Mikhaï Gafitza;Alexandru Talex, "A notre ami disparu (M. Gafitza)", in Cahiers Panaït Istrati, Issue 6, May 1977, p. 5 October 21, 1923 – March 4, 1977) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, editor, and children's novelist, also noted as a communist activist and politician.

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Mihail Dragomirescu

Mihail Dragomirescu (March 22, 1868 – November 25, 1942) was a Romanian aesthetician, literary theorist and critic.

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Mihail Sadoveanu

Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; 5 November 1880 – 19 October 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).

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Mihail Sebastian

Mihail Sebastian (born Iosif Mendel Hechter; October 18, 1907 – May 29, 1945) was a Romanian playwright, essayist, journalist and novelist.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Monica Lovinescu

Monica Lovinescu (19 November 1923 – 20 April 2008) was a Romanian essayist, short story writer, literary critic, translator, and journalist, noted for her activities as an opponent of the Romanian Communist regime.

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N. D. Cocea

N.

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National Legionary State

The National Legionary State (Statul Național Legionar) was a totalitarian fascist regime which governed Romania for five months, from 14 September 1940 until its official dissolution on 14 February 1941.

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Nicolae Davidescu

Nicolae Davidescu (October 24, 1888 – June 12, 1954) was a Romanian symbolist poet and novelist.

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Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga (17 January 1871 – 27 November 1940) was a Romanian politician who held top posts, including Prime Minister and president of the Senate.

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Observator Cultural

Observator Cultural (meaning "The Cultural Observer" in English) is a weekly literary magazine based in Bucharest, Romania.

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Octavian Goga

Octavian Goga (1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian far-right politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.

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Oscar Han

Oscar Han (3 December 1891 – 14 February 1976) was a Romanian sculptor and writer.

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Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu

Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu (born Moise Cahn or Cohn; 16 August 1921, in Galați, Romania – 27 April or 28 April 2000, in Berlin, Germany) was a Romanian literary critic and science fiction writer.

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Paul Cernat

Paul Cernat (born August 5, 1972 in Bucharest) is a Romanian essayist and literary critic.

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People's Party (Romania, 1918–38)

The People's Party (Romanian: Partidul Poporului, PP), originally People's League (Liga Poporului), was an eclectic, essentially populist, mass movement in Romania.

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Petru Dumitriu

Petru Dumitriu (8 May 1924 – 6 April 2002) was a Romanian-born novelist who wrote both in Romanian and in French.

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Poporanism

Poporanism is a Romanian version of nationalism and populism.

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Prime Minister of Romania

The prime minister of Romania (Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Prim-ministrul Guvernului României), is the head of the Government of Romania.

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Psychoanalysis

PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.

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Psychological fiction

In literature, psychological fiction (also psychological realism) is a narrative genre that emphasizes interior characterization and motivation to explore the spiritual, emotional, and mental lives of its characters.

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Punct (magazine)

Punct (Romanian for "Point") was a Romanian art and literary magazine published from 1924 to 1925.

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Ramuri

Ramuri ("Twigs" or "Branches") is a Romanian literary magazine put out from Craiova, the regional center of Oltenia region.

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Revista Fundațiilor Regale

Revista Fundațiilor Regale ("The Review of Royal Foundations") was a monthly literary, art and culture magazine published in Romania between 1934 and 1947.

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Romain Rolland

Romain Rolland (29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings".

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Romania in World War I

The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King Carol I of Romania favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council decided to remain neutral. But after King Carol's death in 1914, his successor King Ferdinand I favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, which had around 2.8 milion Romanians, among approximately 5 milion other people. The Allies wanted Romania to join their side in order to cut rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria-Hungary. At the outbreak of hostilities, the Austro-Hungarian Empire invoked a casus foederis on Romania and Italy linked to the secret treaty of alliance since 1883. However, both Italy and Romania refused to honor the treaty on the grounds that it was not a case of casus foederis because the attacks on Austria were not "unprovoked", as stipulated in the treaty of alliance. In August 1916, Romania received an ultimatum to decide whether to join the Entente "now or never". Under the pressure of the ultimatum, the Romanian government agreed to enter the war on the side of the Entente, although the situation on the battle fronts was not favorable. The Romanian campaign was part of the Eastern Front of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in Southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. The Romanian campaign plan (Hypothesis Z) consisted in attacking Austria-Hungary in Transylvania, while defending Southern Dobruja and Giurgiu from Bulgaria in the south. Despite initial successes in Transylvania, after German divisions started aiding Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 out of the territory of the Romanian Old Kingdom only Western Moldavia remained under the control of the Romanian and Russian armies. After several defensive victories in 1917 at Mărăști, Mărășești, and Oituz, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war. It signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. Under the terms of the treaty, Romania would lose all of Dobruja to Bulgaria, all the Carpathian passes to Austria-Hungary and would lease all of its oil reserves to Germany for 99 years. However, the Central Powers recognized Romania's union with Bessarabia who had recently declared independence from the Russian Empire following the October Revolution and voted for union with Romania in April 1918. The parliament signed the treaty, but King Ferdinand refused to sign it, hoping for an Allied victory on the western front. In October 1918, Romania renounced the Treaty of Bucharest and on 10 November 1918, one day before the German armistice, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian front and advanced in Transylvania. The next day, the Treaty of Bucharest was nullified by the terms of the Armistice of Compiègne.

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Romanian Communist Party

The Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român,, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.

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Romanian Cultural Institute

The Romanian Cultural Institute (Institutul Cultural Român, ICR), headquartered in Bucharest, was established in 2004 on the older institutional framework provided by the Romanian Cultural Foundation and before 1989 by the Institute for the Cultural Relations Abroad.

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Romanian Land Forces

The Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces.

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Romanian literature

Romanian literature is the entirety of literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language or by any authors native to Romania.

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Romanian revolution

The Romanian revolution (Revoluția română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc.

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Romanian Writers' Society

The Romanian Writers' Society (Societatea Scriitorilor Români) was a professional association based in Bucharest, Romania, that aided the country's writers and promoted their interests.

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România Literară

România Literară is a cultural and literary magazine from Romania.

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Satire

Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of exposing or shaming the perceived flaws of individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.

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Sburătorul

Sburătorul was a Romanian modernist literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919.

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Scarlat Callimachi

Scarlat Callimachi or Calimachi (nicknamed Prințul Roșu, "the Red Prince"; September 20, 1896 – June 2, 1975) was a Romanian journalist, essayist, futurist poet, trade unionist, and communist activist, a member of the Callimachi family of boyar and Phanariote lineage.

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Seara (newspaper)

Seara (meaning "The Evening") was a daily newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, before and during World War I. Owned by politician Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuzino and, through most of its existence, managed by the controversial Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, it was an unofficial and unorthodox tribune for the Conservative Party.

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Sergiu Dan

Sergiu Dan (born Isidor Rotman or Rottman; December 29, 1903 – March 13, 1976) was a Romanian novelist, journalist, Holocaust survivor and political prisoner of the communist regime.

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Siguranța

Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Socialist realism was the official cultural doctrine of the Soviet Union that mandated an idealized representation of life under socialism in literature and the visual arts.

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The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.

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Symbolism (arts)

Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism.

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Symbolist movement in Romania

The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts.

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The Holocaust in Romania

The Holocaust in Romania was the development of the Holocaust in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1918)

The Treaty of Bucharest (1918) was a peace treaty between Romania and the opposing Central Powers following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1917. This left Romania isolated after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see the Armistice of Focșani and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). Following the Central Powers' ultimatum issued during the between Ferdinand I of Romania and Ottokar Czernin, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, on at the Răcăciuni railway station, King Ferdinand summoned a on in Iași, the Romanian capital-in-exile. After long and difficult discussions, which lasted 3 days, and despite the strong opposition of Queen Marie and General Constantin Prezan, the Crown Council decided to accept the ultimatum and send envoys to Buftea to negotiate a preliminary peace treaty. The preliminary peace treaty was concluded on, by which Romania accepted frontier rectifications in favor of Austria-Hungary, to cede the whole of Dobruja, to demobilize at least 8 divisions, to evacuate the Austro-Hungarian territory still in its possession and to allow the transport of Central Powers' troops through Western Moldavia and Bessarabia towards Odessa.Nicolae Iorga, Acte privitoare la istoria marelui războiu, „Revista Istorică", Year XVIII, Issues 7-9, Bucharest, 1932 Alexandru Marghiloman, then Prime Minister of Romania, signed the final treaty at the Cotroceni Palace, Bucharest, on and it was ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on 28 June and by the Senate on 4 July 1918. However, King Ferdinand refused to sign or promulgate it.

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Tudor Arghezi

Ion Nae Theodorescu (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer who wrote under the pen name Tudor Arghezi (. He is best known for his unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.

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Tudor Vianu

Tudor Vianu (January 8, 1898 – May 21, 1964) was a Romanian literary critic, art critic, poet, philosopher, academic, and translator.

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Unreliable narrator

In literature, film, and other such arts, an unreliable narrator is a narrator who cannot be trusted, one whose credibility is compromised.

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Urmuz

Urmuz (pen name of Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău, also known as Hurmuz or Ciriviș, born Dimitrie Dim. Ionescu-Buzeu; March 17, 1883 – November 23, 1923) was a Romanian writer, lawyer and civil servant, who became a cult hero in Romania's avant-garde scene.

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Vasile Demetrius

Vasile Demetrius (pen name of Vasile Dumitrescu; October 1, 1878–March 15, 1942) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian prose writer, poet and translator.

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Viața Românească

Viața Românească ("The Romanian Life") is a monthly literary magazine published in Romania.

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Victor Eftimiu

Victor Eftimiu (24 January 1889 – 27 November 1972) was a Romanian poet and playwright.

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Vlaicu Bârna

Vlaicu Victor Virgil Bârna (December 4, 1913 – March 11, 1999) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian poet.

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Westernization

Westernization (or Westernisation, see spelling differences), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy.

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Writers' Union of Romania

The Writers' Union of Romania, founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania.

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Zaharia Stancu

Zaharia Stancu (October 7, 1902 – December 5, 1974) was a Romanian prose writer, novelist, poet, and philosopher.

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Zigu Ornea

Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p. 85. or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007. and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.

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Zionism

Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.

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1944 Romanian coup d'état

The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944.

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