Florence, the Glossary
Table of Contents
545 relations: A Room with a View (1985 film), ACF Fiorentina, Adriana Seroni, Age of Discovery, Agnes of Montepulciano, Albanians, Albizzi, Alconétar Bridge, Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, Alexander Agricola, Allies of World War II, Americas, Amerigo Vespucci, Andrea del Sarto, Andrea del Verrocchio, Andrea Pisano, Andrei Tarkovsky, Anime, Anna Sarfatti, Anna Tonelli, Antipasto, Antonia of Florence, Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Antonio Meucci, Antonio Squarcialupi, Aqueduct (water supply), Arcetri, Arch, Arequipa, Armani, Arno, Arno (department), Arnolfo di Cambio, Arte (manga), Assassin's Creed II, Assessor (Italy), Association football, Aureliano Brandolini, Autolinee Toscane, Avignon Papacy, Badia Fiorentina, Bardini Gardens, Bargello, Baroque architecture, Bartolomeo Ammannati, Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Basso continuo, Battlement, Benozzo Gozzoli, Benvenuto Cellini, ... Expand index (495 more) »
- 50s BC establishments
- 59 BC
- Former capitals of Italy
- Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence
- Populated places established in the 1st century BC
A Room with a View (1985 film)
A Room with a View is a 1985 British romance film directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant.
See Florence and A Room with a View (1985 film)
ACF Fiorentina
ACF Fiorentina, commonly referred to as Fiorentina, is an Italian professional football club based in Florence, Tuscany.
See Florence and ACF Fiorentina
Adriana Seroni
Adriana Fabbri Seroni, commonly known as Adriana Seroni (9 June 1922 – 9 April 1984) was an Italian journalist and politician of the Communist Party, member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 1972 to 1984.
See Florence and Adriana Seroni
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail.
See Florence and Age of Discovery
Agnes of Montepulciano
Agnes of Montepulciano, OP (28 January 1268 – 20 April 1317) was a Dominican prioress in medieval Tuscany who was known as a miracle worker during her lifetime.
See Florence and Agnes of Montepulciano
Albanians
The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Albizzi
The Albizzi family was a Florentine family originally based in Arezzo, who were rivals of the Medici and Alberti families.
Alconétar Bridge
The Alconétar Bridge (Spanish: Puente de Alconétar), also known as Puente de Mantible, was a Roman segmental arch bridge in the Extremadura region, Spain.
See Florence and Alconétar Bridge
Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537.
See Florence and Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
Alexander Agricola
Alexander Agricola (born Alexander Ackerman; – 15 August 1506) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance writing in the Franco-Flemish style.
See Florence and Alexander Agricola
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See Florence and Allies of World War II
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci (9 March 1451 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.
See Florence and Amerigo Vespucci
Andrea del Sarto
Andrea del Sarto (16 July 1486 – 29 September 1530) was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism.
See Florence and Andrea del Sarto
Andrea del Verrocchio
Andrea del Verrocchio (born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni; – 1488) was an Italian sculptor, painter and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence.
See Florence and Andrea del Verrocchio
Andrea Pisano
Andrea Pisano (Pontedera 12901348 Orvieto) also known as Andrea da Pontedera, was an Italian sculptor and architect.
See Florence and Andrea Pisano
Andrei Tarkovsky
Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (p 4 April 1932 – 29 December 1986) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter of Russian origin.
See Florence and Andrei Tarkovsky
Anime
is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan.
Anna Sarfatti
Anna Sarfatti (born 1950) is an Italian writer of children's books.
See Florence and Anna Sarfatti
Anna Tonelli
Anna Tonelli, née Anna Nistri (– 1846) was an Italian portrait painter, active in the late 18th century and early 19th century primarily in Florence and London.
Antipasto
Antipasto (antipasti) is the traditional first course of a formal Italian meal.
Antonia of Florence
Antonia of Florence is an Italian blessed.
See Florence and Antonia of Florence
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Antonio del Pollaiuolo (17 January 1429/14334 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo (also spelled Pollaiolo), was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, engraver, and goldsmith, who made important works in all these media, as well as designing works in others, for example vestments, metal embroidery being a medium he worked in at the start of his career.
See Florence and Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Antonio Meucci
Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major political figure in the history of Italy.
See Florence and Antonio Meucci
Antonio Squarcialupi
Antonio Squarcialupi (27 March 1416 – 6 July 1480) was an Italian organist and composer.
See Florence and Antonio Squarcialupi
Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.
See Florence and Aqueduct (water supply)
Arcetri
Arcetri is a location in Florence, Italy, positioned among the hills south of the city centre.
Arch
An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it.
Arequipa
Arequipa (Aymara and Ariqipa), also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department.
Armani
Giorgio Armani S.p.A., commonly known as Armani, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in Milan by Giorgio Armani which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails haute couture, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, accessories, and home interiors.
Arno
The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy.
Arno (department)
Arno was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.
See Florence and Arno (department)
Arnolfo di Cambio
Arnolfo di Cambio (– 1300/1310) was an Italian architect and sculptor of the Duecento, who began as a lead assistant to Nicola Pisano.
See Florence and Arnolfo di Cambio
Arte (manga)
is a Japanese manga series by Kei Ohkubo.
Assassin's Creed II
Assassin's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montréal and published by Ubisoft.
See Florence and Assassin's Creed II
Assessor (Italy)
In Italy an assessor (in Italian language: assessore) is a member of a Giunta, the executive body in all levels of local government: regions, provinces and comunes.
See Florence and Assessor (Italy)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Florence and Association football
Aureliano Brandolini
Aureliano Brandolini (August 8, 1927 – September 5, 2008) was an Italian agronomist and development cooperation scholar.
See Florence and Aureliano Brandolini
Autolinee Toscane
Autolinee Toscane S.p.A. (also known as at) is a private Italian-French company, wholly owned by RATP Dev, active in the local public transport sector.
See Florence and Autolinee Toscane
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy (French: Papauté d'Avignon) was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire; now part of France) rather than in Rome.
See Florence and Avignon Papacy
Badia Fiorentina
The Badìa Fiorentina is an abbey and church now home to the Monastic Communities of Jerusalem situated on the Via del Proconsolo in the centre of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Badia Fiorentina
Bardini Gardens
The Giardino Bardini is an Italian Renaissance garden of the Villa Bardini in the hilly part of Oltrarno, offering fine views of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Bardini Gardens
Bargello
The Bargello, also known as the i or i ("Palace of the People"), is a former barracks and prison in Florence, Italy.
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Florence and Baroque architecture
Bartolomeo Ammannati
Bartolomeo Ammannati (18 June 151113 April 1592) was an Italian architect and sculptor, born at Settignano, near Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Bartolomeo Ammannati
Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence
The Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St. Lawrence) is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the main market district of the city, and it is the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III.
See Florence and Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence
Basso continuo
Basso continuo parts, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bassline and a chord progression.
See Florence and Basso continuo
Battlement
A battlement, in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences.
Benozzo Gozzoli
Benozzo Gozzoli (born Benozzo di Lese; 4 October 1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence.
See Florence and Benozzo Gozzoli
Benvenuto Cellini
Benvenuto Cellini (3 November 150013 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and author.
See Florence and Benvenuto Cellini
Bernardo Buontalenti
Bernardo Timante Buonacorsi (– June 1608), known as Bernardo Buontalenti and sometimes by the nickname "Bernardo delle Girandole", was an Italian stage designer, architect, theatrical designer, military engineer, artist, and the purported inventor of Italian ice cream.
See Florence and Bernardo Buontalenti
Bernardo Rossellino
Bernardo di Matteo del Borra Gamberelli (1409–1464), better known as Bernardo Rossellino, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect, the elder brother of the sculptor Antonio Rossellino.
See Florence and Bernardo Rossellino
Bethlehem
Bethlehem (بيت لحم,,; בֵּית לֶחֶם) is a city in the Israeli-occupied West Bank of the State of Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem.
Biblioteca Riccardiana
The Biblioteca Riccardiana is an Italian public library under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture, located inside the Palazzo Medici Riccardi at 10 Via de’ Ginori in Florence, in the neighborhood comprising the Mercato Centrale and the Basilica di San Lorenzo.
See Florence and Biblioteca Riccardiana
Birth rate
Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years.
Bistecca alla fiorentina
Bistecca alla fiorentina is an Italian steak dish made of young steer (vitellone) or heifer (scottona) that is one of the most famous dishes in Tuscan cuisine.
See Florence and Bistecca alla fiorentina
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Boboli Gardens
The Boboli Gardens (Giardino di Boboli) is a historical park of the city of Florence that was opened to the public in 1766.
See Florence and Boboli Gardens
Bolzano
Bolzano (or; Bozen; Balsan or Bulsan) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol, in Northern Italy.
Bonfire of the vanities
A bonfire of the vanities (falò delle vanità) is a burning of objects condemned by religious authorities as occasions of sin.
See Florence and Bonfire of the vanities
Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Bordèu; Bordele) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, southwestern France.
Borgo San Lorenzo
Borgo San Lorenzo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about northeast of Florence. Florence and Borgo San Lorenzo are cities and towns in Tuscany and Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence.
See Florence and Borgo San Lorenzo
Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.
Brancacci Chapel
The Brancacci Chapel (in Italian, "Cappella dei Brancacci") is a chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, central Italy.
See Florence and Brancacci Chapel
Bronzino
Agnolo di Cosimo (17 November 150323 November 1572), usually known as Bronzino (Il Bronzino) or Agnolo Bronzino, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence.
Bruno Innocenti
Bruno Innocenti (4 February 1906 – 3 October 1986) was an Italian artist and educator, known for his sculptures.
See Florence and Bruno Innocenti
Budapest
Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.
Bulgari
Bulgari (stylized as BVLGARI) is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1884 and known for its jewellery, watches, fragrances, accessories, and leather goods.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Florence and Byzantine Empire
Caffè Giubbe Rosse
Caffè Giubbe Rosse is a historical literary café in Piazza della Repubblica, Florence.
See Florence and Caffè Giubbe Rosse
Calcio storico fiorentino
Calcio storico fiorentino (also known as calcio in livrea or calcio in costume) is an early form of football that originated during the Middle Ages in Italy.
See Florence and Calcio storico fiorentino
Calmi Cuori Appassionati
Calmi Cuori Appassionati is a 2001 Japanese movie directed by Isamu Nakae, starring Yutaka Takenouchi and Kelly Chen.
See Florence and Calmi Cuori Appassionati
Cannes
Cannes (Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera.
Capture of Rome
The Capture of Rome (Presa di Roma) occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States.
See Florence and Capture of Rome
Carlo Collodi
Carlo Lorenzini (24 November 1826 – 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi, was an Italian author, humourist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel The Adventures of Pinocchio.
See Florence and Carlo Collodi
Carnival
Carnival or Shrovetide is a festive season that occurs at the close of the Christian pre-Lenten period, consisting of Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras.
Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.
See Florence and Carolingian Empire
Casa Buonarroti
Casa Buonarroti is a museum in Florence, Italy that is situated on property owned by the sculptor Michelangelo that he left to his nephew, Leonardo Buonarroti.
See Florence and Casa Buonarroti
Catherine de' Medici
Catherine de' Medici (Caterina de' Medici,; Catherine de Médicis,; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian (Florentine) noblewoman born into the Medici family.
See Florence and Catherine de' Medici
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Florence and Catholic Church
Catholic-Hierarchy.org
Catholic-Hierarchy.org is an online database of bishops and dioceses of the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches that are in full communion with Rome.
See Florence and Catholic-Hierarchy.org
Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano
Il Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, is the central training ground and technical headquarters of the Italian Football Federation, located in the Coverciano quartiere of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano
Cesare Bomboni
Cesare Bomboni (August 14, 1850, in Florence – ?) was an Italian architect.
See Florence and Cesare Bomboni
Chancellor of Florence
The Chancellor of Florence held the most important position in the bureaucracy of the Florentine Republic.
See Florence and Chancellor of Florence
Chanel
Chanel is a luxury fashion house founded in 1910 by Coco Chanel in Paris.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
See Florence and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.
See Florence and Charles VIII of France
Chianina
The Chianina is an Italian breed of large white cattle.
Chianti
Chianti is an Italian red wine produced in the Chianti region of central Tuscany, principally from the Sangiovese grape.
Chianti (region)
Chianti, in Italy also referred to as Monti del Chianti ("Chianti Mountains") or Colline del Chianti ("Chianti Hills"), is a mountainous area of Tuscany in the provinces of Florence, Siena and Arezzo, composed mainly of hills and mountains.
See Florence and Chianti (region)
Chicago Tribune
The Chicago Tribune is an American daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, owned by Tribune Publishing.
See Florence and Chicago Tribune
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
See Florence and Christopher Columbus
Cimabue
Giovanni Cimabue, – 1302, Translated with an introduction and notes by J.C. and P Bondanella.
Ciompi Revolt
The Ciompi Revolt was a rebellion among unrepresented labourers which occurred in the Republic of Florence in Tuscany, Italy, from 1378 to 1382.
See Florence and Ciompi Revolt
Compagnia Toscana Trasporti Nord
Compagnia Toscana Trasporti Nord, also known as CTT Nord, was a public transport company established on 22 October 2012, with corporate office in Pisa and operational offices in Livorno, Prato, Lucca and Massa Carrara.
See Florence and Compagnia Toscana Trasporti Nord
Comune
A comune (comuni) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality.
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
See Florence and Congress of Vienna
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Florence and Constantinople are capitals of former nations.
See Florence and Constantinople
Copenhagen
Copenhagen (København) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area.
Coriolano Vighi
Coriolano Vighi (1846–1905) was an Italian painter, mainly of landscapes.
See Florence and Coriolano Vighi
Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who established the Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance.
See Florence and Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death.
See Florence and Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo Rosselli
Cosimo Rosselli (1439–1507) was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento, active mainly in his birthplace of Florence, but also in Pisa earlier in his career and in 1481–82 in the Sistine Chapel in Rome, where he painted some of the large frescoes on the side walls.
See Florence and Cosimo Rosselli
County
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL.
Coverciano, Florence
Coverciano is a city quartiere in the southeastern part of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Coverciano, Florence
Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani
The Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani written by is considered one of the best works written on the Black Death in Florence in the year 1348.
See Florence and Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani
Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems.
See Florence and Cryptanalysis
Cryptography
Cryptography, or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
Dafne
Dafne is the earliest known work that, by modern standards, could be considered an opera.
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (– September 14, 1321), most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and widely known and often referred to in English mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
See Florence and Dante Alighieri
David (Michelangelo)
David is a masterpiece of Italian Renaissance sculpture, created from 1501 to 1504 by Michelangelo.
See Florence and David (Michelangelo)
Death by burning
Death by burning is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat.
See Florence and Death by burning
Defensive wall
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors.
See Florence and Defensive wall
Della Robbia
Della Robbia is a surname.
Democratic Party (Italy)
The Democratic Party (Partito Democratico., PD) is a social democratic political party in Italy.
See Florence and Democratic Party (Italy)
Desiderio da Settignano
Desiderio da Settignano, real name Desiderio de Bartolomeo di Francesco detto Ferro (1428 or 1430 – 1464) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor active in north Italy.
See Florence and Desiderio da Settignano
Discourses on Livy
The Discourses on Livy (Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio) is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (c. 1517) by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as the author of The Prince.
See Florence and Discourses on Livy
Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed around 1321, shortly before the author's death.
See Florence and Divine Comedy
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio (also spelt as Ghirlandajo), was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence.
See Florence and Domenico Ghirlandaio
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Prædicatorum; abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilian-French priest named Dominic de Guzmán.
See Florence and Dominican Order
Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (– 13 December 1466), known mononymously as Donatello, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period.
Double-entry bookkeeping
Double-entry bookkeeping, also known as double-entry accounting, is a method of bookkeeping that relies on a two-sided accounting entry to maintain financial information.
See Florence and Double-entry bookkeeping
Dresden
Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.
Dublin
Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland and also the largest city by size on the island of Ireland.
Duchy of Florence
The Duchy of Florence (Ducato di Firenze) was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Duchy of Florence
Duchy of Lorraine
The Duchy of Lorraine (Lorraine; Lothringen), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France.
See Florence and Duchy of Lorraine
Duchy of Lucca
The Duchy of Lucca (Ducato di Lucca) was a small Italian state existing from 1815 to 1847.
See Florence and Duchy of Lucca
Duke of the Florentine Republic
The Duca della Repubblica Fiorentina, rendered in English as Duke of the Florentine Republic or Duke of the Republic of Florence, was a title created in 1532 by Pope Clement VII for the Medici family (his own family), which ruled the Republic of Florence.
See Florence and Duke of the Florentine Republic
Edinburgh
Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.
Egisto Bracci
Egisto Bracci (1 January 1830 in Florence – August 1909) was an Italian architect, active mainly in Florence, who became resident professor of architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence in 1879.
See Florence and Egisto Bracci
Eighth Army (United Kingdom)
The Eighth Army was a field army of the British Army during the Second World War.
See Florence and Eighth Army (United Kingdom)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime and frequently anthologised after her death.
See Florence and Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Emilia-Romagna
Emilia-Romagna (both also;; Emégglia-Rumâgna or Emîlia-Rumâgna; Emélia-Rumâgna) is an administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna.
See Florence and Emilia-Romagna
Emilio Pucci
Don Emilio Pucci, Marchese di Barsento (20 November 1914 – 29 November 1992) was an Italian aristocrat, fashion designer and politician.
Enrico Coveri
Enrico Coveri (26 February 1952 – 8 December 1990) was an Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur from Prato.
See Florence and Enrico Coveri
Eruca vesicaria
Rocket, eruca, or arugula (Eruca vesicaria; syns. Eruca sativa Mill., E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell., Brassica eruca L.) is an edible annual plant in the family Brassicaceae used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh, tart, bitter, and peppery flavor.
See Florence and Eruca vesicaria
Etruscan civilization
The Etruscan civilization was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states.
See Florence and Etruscan civilization
Europa Universalis IV
Europa Universalis IV is a 2013 grand strategy video game in the Europa Universalis series, developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive as a sequel to Europa Universalis III (2007).
See Florence and Europa Universalis IV
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).
See Florence and European Commission
European theatre of World War II
The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat during World War II.
See Florence and European theatre of World War II
European University Institute
The European University Institute (EUI) is an international postgraduate and post-doctoral research-intensive university and an intergovernmental organisation with juridical personality, established by its founding member states to contribute to cultural and scientific development in the social sciences, in a European perspective.
See Florence and European University Institute
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli (15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.
See Florence and Evangelista Torricelli
Expulsion from the Garden of Eden
The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (Cacciata dei progenitori dall'Eden) is a fresco by the Italian Early Renaissance artist Masaccio.
See Florence and Expulsion from the Garden of Eden
Fashion capital
A fashion capital is a city with major influence on the international fashion scene, from history, heritage, designers, trends, and styles, to manufacturing innovation and retailing of fashion products, including events such as fashion weeks, fashion council awards, and trade fairs that together, generate significant economic output.
See Florence and Fashion capital
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. ("Italian State Railways JSC"; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
See Florence and Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Fez, Morocco
Fez or Fes (fās) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region.
Fiesole
Fiesole is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany, on a scenic height above Florence, 5 km (3 miles) northeast of that city. Florence and Fiesole are cities and towns in Tuscany and Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence.
Filipinos
Filipinos (Mga Pilipino) are citizens or people identified with the country of the Philippines.
Filippino Lippi
Filippino Lippi (probably 1457 – 18 April 1504) was an Italian Renaissance painter mostly working in Florence, Italy during the later years of the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance.
See Florence and Filippino Lippi
Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith and sculptor.
See Florence and Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Lippi
Filippo Lippi (– 8 October 1469), also known as Lippo Lippi, was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Quattrocento (fifteenth century) and a Carmelite priest.
See Florence and Filippo Lippi
Firenze Campo di Marte railway station
Firenze Campo di Marte (or, simply, Firenze Campo Marte) is the third railway station of Florence and the eighth station of Tuscany and the biggest station in south Florence.
See Florence and Firenze Campo di Marte railway station
Firenze Rifredi railway station
Firenze Rifredi railway station, or Florence Rifredi railway station (Stazione di Firenze Rifredi), serves the city and comune of Florence, in the region of Tuscany, central Italy.
See Florence and Firenze Rifredi railway station
Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station
Firenze Santa Maria Novella (in English Florence Santa Maria Novella) or Stazione di Santa Maria Novella is the main railway station in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.
See Florence and First Crusade
First French Empire
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
See Florence and First French Empire
Flanders
Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium.
Florence Airport
Florence Airport, Peretola, in Italian Aeroporto di Firenze-Peretola, formally Amerigo Vespucci Airport, is the international airport of Florence, the capital of the Italian region of Tuscany.
See Florence and Florence Airport
Florence Baptistery
The Florence Baptistery, also known as the Baptistery of Saint John (Battistero di San Giovanni), is a religious building in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Florence Baptistery
Florence Cathedral
Florence Cathedral (Duomo di Firenze), formally the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore), is the cathedral of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Florence Cathedral
Florence Charterhouse
Florence Charterhouse (Certosa di Firenze or Certosa del Galluzzo) is a charterhouse, or Carthusian monastery, located in the Florence suburb of Galluzzo, in central Italy.
See Florence and Florence Charterhouse
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing.
See Florence and Florence Nightingale
Florentine Camerata
The Florentine Camerata, also known as the Camerata de' Bardi, were a group of humanists, musicians, poets and intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence who gathered under the patronage of Count Giovanni de' Bardi to discuss and guide trends in the arts, especially music and drama.
See Florence and Florentine Camerata
Florentine dialect
The Florentine dialect or vernacular (dialetto fiorentino or vernacolo fiorentino) is a variety of Tuscan, a Romance language spoken in the Italian city of Florence and its immediate surroundings.
See Florence and Florentine dialect
Florentine Histories
Florentine Histories (Istorie fiorentine) is a historical account by Italian Renaissance political philosopher and writer Niccolò Machiavelli, first published posthumously in 1532.
See Florence and Florentine Histories
Florida State University
Florida State University (FSU or, more commonly, Florida State) is a public research university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States.
See Florence and Florida State University
Florin
The Florentine florin was a gold coin (in Italian Fiorino d'oro) struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time.
Football (calcio) is the most popular sport in Italy.
See Florence and Football in Italy
Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.
Fortezza da Basso
Fortezza da Basso is a fort inserted in the fourteenth century walls of Florence.
See Florence and Fortezza da Basso
Foster and Partners
Foster and Partners (stylized as Foster + Partners) is a British international architecture firm based in London, England, founded in 1967 by British architect and designer Lord Norman Foster.
See Florence and Foster and Partners
Fountain of Neptune, Florence
The Fountain of Neptune in Florence, Italy, (Fontana del Nettuno) is situated in the Piazza della Signoria (Signoria Square), in front of the Palazzo Vecchio.
See Florence and Fountain of Neptune, Florence
Fra Angelico
Fra Angelico, OP (born Guido di Pietro; 18 February 1455) was a Dominican friar and Italian Renaissance painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".
Francesco Casagrande
Francesco Casagrande (born 14 September 1970 in Florence) is an Italian former professional road racing cyclist.
See Florence and Francesco Casagrande
Francesco Guicciardini
Francesco Guicciardini (6 March 1483 – 22 May 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman.
See Florence and Francesco Guicciardini
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I (Francis Stephen; François Étienne; Franz Stefan; Francesco Stefano; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Grand Duke of Tuscany.
See Florence and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (Armée de terre), is the principal land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, French Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie.
Frescobaldi
The Frescobaldi are a prominent Florentine noble family that have been involved in the political, social, and economic history of Tuscany since the Middle Ages.
Functional urban area
The functional urban area (FUA), previously known as larger urban zone (LUZ), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban.
See Florence and Functional urban area
Futurism
Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century.
G.I. American universities
In Spring 1945, the U.S. Army's Information and Educational Branch made formal plans to establish overseas university campuses for American service men and women, awaiting demobilization, or redeployment to another theater.
See Florence and G.I. American universities
Gabinetto Vieusseux
The Gabinetto Scientifico Letterario G. P. Vieusseux, founded in 1819 by Giovan Pietro Vieusseux, a merchant and publisher from Geneva, is a library in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Gabinetto Vieusseux
Gaetano Donizetti
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas.
See Florence and Gaetano Donizetti
Galileo Galilei
Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.
See Florence and Galileo Galilei
Galleria dell'Accademia
The Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze, or "Gallery of the Academy of Florence", is an art museum in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Galleria dell'Accademia
Galluzzo
Galluzzo is part of quartiere 3 of the Italian city of Florence, Italy, located in the southern extremity of the Florentine commune.
Garrison
A garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it.
Genoa
Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. Florence and Genoa are capitals of former nations.
Giambologna
Giambologna (1529 – 13 August 1608), also known as Jean de Boulogne (French), Jehan Boulongne (Flemish) and Giovanni da Bologna (Italian), was the last significant Italian Renaissance sculptor, with a large workshop producing large and small works in bronze and marble in a late Mannerist style.
Gian Gastone de' Medici
Gian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 25 May 1671 – 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean grand duke of Tuscany.
See Florence and Gian Gastone de' Medici
Giano della Bella
Giano Della Bella (c. 1240 Florence - France, before 19 April 1306) was a late thirteenth century Florentine politician and a leader of the revolt that brought in the Ordinances of Justice which entrenched the power of the Florentine guilds by excluding aristocrats from power in Florence.
See Florence and Giano della Bella
Gifu
is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital.
Giorgio Antonucci
Giorgio Antonucci (24 February 1933 – 18 November 2017) was an Italian physician, known for his questioning of the bases of psychiatry.
See Florence and Giorgio Antonucci
Giorgio Vasari
Giorgio Vasari (also,; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect, who is best known for his work Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of all art-historical writing, and still much cited in modern biographies of the many Italian Renaissance artists he covers, including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, although he is now regarded as including many factual errors, especially when covering artists from before he was born.
See Florence and Giorgio Vasari
Giotto
Giotto di Bondone (– January 8, 1337), known mononymously as Giotto and Latinised as Giottus, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence during the Late Middle Ages.
Giotto's Campanile
Giotto's Campanile (also) is a free-standing campanile (bell tower) that is part of the complex of buildings that make up Florence Cathedral on the Piazza del Duomo in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Giotto's Campanile
Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.
See Florence and Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Spadolini
Giovanni Spadolini (21 June 1925 – 4 August 1994) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as the 44th prime minister of Italy.
See Florence and Giovanni Spadolini
Giro d'Italia
The Giro d'Italia (Tour of Italy; also known as the Giro) is an annual multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also starting in, or passing through, other countries.
See Florence and Giro d'Italia
Girolamo Mei
Girolamo Mei (27 May 1519 – July 1594) was an Italian historian and humanist, famous in music history for providing the intellectual impetus to the Florentine Camerata, which attempted to revive ancient Greek music drama.
Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Savonarola, OP (21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) or Jerome Savonarola was an ascetic Dominican friar from Ferrara and a preacher active in Renaissance Florence.
See Florence and Girolamo Savonarola
Giuliano de' Medici
Giuliano de' Medici (28 October 1453 – 26 April 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni.
See Florence and Giuliano de' Medici
Giulio Racah
Giulio (Yoel) Racah (ג'וליו (יואל) רקח; February 9, 1909 – August 28, 1965) was an Italian–Israeli physicist and mathematician.
Global Language Monitor
The Global Language Monitor (GLM) is a company based in Austin, Texas, that analyzes trends in the English language.
See Florence and Global Language Monitor
Golden Age
The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the Works and Days of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (chrýseon génos) lived.
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana; Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence.
See Florence and Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Grand strategy wargame
A grand strategy wargame or simply grand strategy game (GSG) is a wargame that places focus on grand strategy: military strategy at the level of movement and use of a nation state or empire's resources.
See Florence and Grand strategy wargame
Great Synagogue of Florence
The Great Synagogue of Florence is one of the largest synagogues in South-central Europe, situated in Florence, in Italy.
See Florence and Great Synagogue of Florence
Gucci
Guccio Gucci S.p.A., doing business as Gucci, is an Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, Italy.
Guccio Gucci
Guccio Giovanbattista Giacinto Dario Maria Gucci (26 March 1881 – 2 January 1953) was an Italian businessman and fashion designer and founder of the fashion house Gucci.
Guido Cavalcanti
Guido Cavalcanti (between 1250 and 1259 – August 1300) was an Italian poet.
See Florence and Guido Cavalcanti
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.
Hannibal (2001 film)
Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and based on the 1999 novel by Thomas Harris.
See Florence and Hannibal (2001 film)
Harold Acton
Sir Harold Mario Mitchell Acton (5 July 1904 – 27 February 1994) was a British writer, scholar, and aesthete who was a prominent member of the Bright Young Things.
Harpsichord
A harpsichord (clavicembalo, clavecin, Cembalo; clavecín, cravo, клавеси́н (tr. klavesín or klavesin), klavecimbel, klawesyn) is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard.
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Florence and Harvard University
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel.
See Florence and Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Heinrich Isaac
Heinrich Isaac (ca. 1450 – 26 March 1517) was a Netherlandish composer of south Netherlandish origin during the Renaissance era.
See Florence and Heinrich Isaac
Henry II of France
Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 1547 until his death in 1559.
See Florence and Henry II of France
Henry IV of France
Henry IV (Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.
See Florence and Henry IV of France
High-speed rail
High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail transport network utilizing trains that run significantly faster than those of traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks.
See Florence and High-speed rail
Historic Centre of Florence
The historic centre of Florence is part of quartiere 1 of the Italian city of Florence.
See Florence and Historic Centre of Florence
History of art
The history of art focuses on objects made by humans for any number of spiritual, narrative, philosophical, symbolic, conceptual, documentary, decorative, and even functional and other purposes, but with a primary emphasis on its aesthetic visual form.
See Florence and History of art
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma (Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca.
See Florence and House of Bourbon-Parma
House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine (Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz.
See Florence and House of Lorraine
House of Medici
The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici during the first half of the 15th century.
See Florence and House of Medici
Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany
Hugh (Ugo, Hugo; 953/4 – 21 December 1001), called the Great, was the Margrave of Tuscany from 969 until his death in 1001, and the Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Camerino from 989 to 996 (as "Hugh II").
See Florence and Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a temperate climate type characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters.
See Florence and Humid subtropical climate
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages.
See Florence and Hundred Years' War
Il Canzoniere
Il Canzoniere (Song Book), also known as the Rime Sparse (Scattered Rhymes), but originally titled Rerum vulgarium fragmenta (Fragments of common things, that is Fragments composed in vernacular), is a collection of poems by the Italian humanist, poet, and writer Petrarch.
See Florence and Il Canzoniere
Il Sodoma
Il Sodoma (1477 – 14 February 1549) was the name given to the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Antonio Bazzi.
Inferno (2016 film)
Inferno is a 2016 American action mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, loosely based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown.
See Florence and Inferno (2016 film)
Invention of the telephone
The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by more than one individual, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.
See Florence and Invention of the telephone
Isfahan
Isfahan or Esfahan (اصفهان) is a major city in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran.
Italian fashion
Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside France and the United Kingdom.
See Florence and Italian fashion
The Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio,; FIGC), known colloquially as Federcalcio, is the governing body of football in Italy.
See Florence and Italian Football Federation
Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
See Florence and Italian language
Italian National Institute of Statistics
The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto nazionale di statistica; Istat) is the primary source of official statistics in Italy.
See Florence and Italian National Institute of Statistics
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Florence and Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance painting
Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries, occurring in the Italian Peninsula, which was at that time divided into many political states, some independent but others controlled by external powers.
See Florence and Italian Renaissance painting
The Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana,; RSI), known prior to December 1943 as the National Republican State of Italy (Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia; SNRI), but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò (Repubblica di Salò), was a German Fascist puppet state with limited diplomatic recognition that was created during the latter part of World War II.
See Florence and Italian Social Republic
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
The Italy national football team (Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in men's international football since its first match in 1910.
See Florence and Italy national football team
Jacopo de' Pazzi
Jacopo de' Pazzi (1423 – 26 April 1478) was a Florentine banker who became head of the Pazzi family in 1464, and the younger child of Andrea de' Pazzi and Costanza de' Bardi.
See Florence and Jacopo de' Pazzi
Jacopo Peri
Jacopo Peri (20 August 156112 August 1633) was an Italian composer, singer and instrumentalist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods.
James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
See Florence and James Madison University
Jeonju
Jeonju is the capital and largest city of North Jeolla Province, South Korea.
Johannes Ghiselin
Johannes Ghiselin (Verbonnet) (fl. 1455–1511) was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance, active in France, Italy and in the Low Countries.
See Florence and Johannes Ghiselin
John Argyropoulos
John Argyropoulos (Ἰωάννης Ἀργυρόπουλος Ioannis Argyropoulos; Giovanni Argiropulo; surname also spelt Argyropulus, or Argyropulos, or Argyropulo; c. 1415 – 26 June 1487) was a lecturer, philosopher and humanist, one of the émigré Greek scholars who pioneered the revival of classical Greek learning in 15th century Italy.
See Florence and John Argyropoulos
John the Baptist
John the Baptist (–) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD.
See Florence and John the Baptist
Kassel
Kassel (in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, in central Germany.
Kent State University
Kent State University (KSU) is a public research university in Kent, Ohio, United States.
See Florence and Kent State University
Kingdom of Etruria
The Kingdom of Etruria (Regno di Etruria) was an Italian kingdom between 1801 and 1807 that made up a large part of modern Tuscany.
See Florence and Kingdom of Etruria
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.
See Florence and Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)
The Kingdom of Italy (Regnum Italiae or Regnum Italicum; Regno d'Italia; Königreich Italien), also called Imperial Italy (Italia Imperiale, Reichsitalien), was one of the constituent kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, and Burgundy.
See Florence and Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)
Kingdom of the Lombards
The Kingdom of the Lombards (Regnum Langobardorum; Regno dei Longobardi; Regn di Lombard), also known as the Lombard Kingdom and later as the Kingdom of all Italy (Regnum totius Italiae), was an early medieval state established by the Lombards, a Germanic people, on the Italian Peninsula in the latter part of the 6th century.
See Florence and Kingdom of the Lombards
Kraków
(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
Kuwait City
Kuwait City (مدينة الكويت) is the capital and largest city of Kuwait.
Kyiv
Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine.
Kyoto
Kyoto (Japanese: 京都, Kyōto), officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu.
La Specola
The Museum of Zoology and Natural History, best known as La Specola, is an eclectic natural history museum in Florence, central Italy, located next to the Pitti Palace.
Lampredotto
Lampredotto is a typical Florentine dish, made from the fourth and final stomach of cattle, the abomasum.
Lapo Gianni
Lapo Gianni (died after 1328) was an Italian poet who lived in Florence in the 13th-14th centuries.
Laurentian Library
The Laurentian Library (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana or BML) is a historic library in Florence, Italy, containing more than 11,000 manuscripts and 4,500 early printed books.
See Florence and Laurentian Library
Legnaia
Legnaia is a rione (historical district) in Florence, Italy.
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths.
See Florence and Leon Battista Alberti
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
See Florence and Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo Pieraccioni
Leonardo Pieraccioni (born 17 February 1965) is an Italian film director, actor, comedian and screenwriter.
See Florence and Leonardo Pieraccioni
Lexicon
A lexicon (plural: lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).
Lisa del Giocondo
Lisa del Giocondo (June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian noblewoman and member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany.
See Florence and Lisa del Giocondo
List of grand dukes of Tuscany
The title of Grand Duke of Tuscany was created on August 27, 1569 by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Cosimo I de' Medici, member of the illustrious House of Medici.
See Florence and List of grand dukes of Tuscany
List of historical states of Italy
Italy, up until the Unification of Italy in 1861, was a conglomeration of city-states, republics, and other independent entities.
See Florence and List of historical states of Italy
List of mayors of Florence
The Mayor of Florence is an elected politician who, along with Florence's City Council of 36 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Florence.
See Florence and List of mayors of Florence
List of squares in Florence
This is a list of the principal squares of Florence in Italy.
See Florence and List of squares in Florence
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia, located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times.
Locative case
In grammar, the locative case (abbreviated) is a grammatical case which indicates a location.
See Florence and Locative case
Loggia dei Lanzi
The Loggia dei Lanzi, also called the Loggia della Signoria, is a building on a corner of the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy, adjoining the Uffizi Gallery.
See Florence and Loggia dei Lanzi
Lombards
The Lombards or Longobards (Longobardi) were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774.
Lorenzo de' Medici
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico; 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492), was an Italian statesman, the de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and the most powerful patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.
See Florence and Lorenzo de' Medici
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378 – 1 December 1455), born Lorenzo di Bartolo, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence, a key figure in the Early Renaissance, best known as the creator of two sets of bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, the later one called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise.
See Florence and Lorenzo Ghiberti
Louis XIII
Louis XIII (sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
Lucca
Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. Florence and Lucca are capitals of former nations and cities and towns in Tuscany.
Lucia di Lammermoor
Lucia di Lammermoor is a dramma tragico (tragic opera) in three acts by Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti.
See Florence and Lucia di Lammermoor
Madonna della Seggiola
The Madonna della Seggiola or The Madonna della Sedia (28" in diameter (71 cm)) is an oil on panel Madonna painting by the High Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, executed c. 1513–1514, and housed at the Palazzo Pitti Collection in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Madonna della Seggiola
Madrigal
A madrigal is a form of secular vocal music most typical of the Renaissance (15th–16th centuries) and early Baroque (1600–1750) periods, although revisited by some later European composers.
Malmö Municipality
Malmö Municipality (Malmö kommun), or City of Malmö (Malmö stad), is a Swedish municipality in Skåne County, the southernmost of the counties of Sweden (and conterminous with the historical province (landskap) of Scania).
See Florence and Malmö Municipality
Manga
are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan.
Mantua
Mantua (Mantova; Lombard and Mantua) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Lombardy, and capital of the province of the same name.
Marble sculpture
Marble has been the preferred material for stone monumental sculpture since ancient times, with several advantages over its more common geological "parent" limestone, in particular the ability to absorb light a small distance into the surface before refracting it in subsurface scattering.
See Florence and Marble sculpture
March of Tuscany
The March of Tuscany (Marca di Tuscia) was a march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.
See Florence and March of Tuscany
Maria Giustina Turcotti
Maria Giustina Turcotti, sometimes shortened to Giustina Turcotti, (born − died after 1763) was an Italian vocalist who had a career in opera.
See Florence and Maria Giustina Turcotti
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure (in her own right).
See Florence and Maria Theresa
Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici (Marie de Médicis; Maria de' Medici; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV.
See Florence and Marie de' Medici
Marino Marini (sculptor)
Marino Marini (27 February 1901 – 6 August 1980) was an Italian sculptor and educator.
See Florence and Marino Marini (sculptor)
Marino Marini Museum
Marino Marini (1901–1980) was one of the most important Italian artists of the twentieth century, especially as a sculptor.
See Florence and Marino Marini Museum
Marist College
Marist College is a private university in Poughkeepsie, New York.
See Florence and Marist College
Masaccio
Masaccio (December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance.
Masolino da Panicale
| death_date.
See Florence and Masolino da Panicale
Matteo Renzi
Matteo Renzi (born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as prime minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016.
Medici Chapels
The Medici Chapels (Cappelle medicee) are two chapels built between the 16th and 17th centuries as an extension to the Basilica of San Lorenzo, in the Italian city of Florence.
See Florence and Medici Chapels
Medieval architecture
Medieval architecture was the art of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages.
See Florence and Medieval architecture
Medieval art
The medieval art of the Western world covers a vast scope of time and place, with over 1000 years of art in Europe, and at certain periods in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.
See Florence and Medieval commune
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Florence and Mediterranean climate
Mercato Centrale (Florence)
The Mercato Centrale (Central Market in English) in Florence is located between via dell'Ariento, via Sant'Antonino, via Panicale and Piazza del Mercato Centrale.
See Florence and Mercato Centrale (Florence)
Metropolitan City of Florence
The Metropolitan City of Florence (città metropolitana di Firenze) is an administrative division called metropolitan city in the Tuscany region of Italy.
See Florence and Metropolitan City of Florence
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance.
Michelozzo
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi (1396 – 7 October 1472) was an Italian architect and sculptor.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Mike Francis
Francesco Puccioni (26 April 1961 – 30 January 2009), better known under his stage name Mike Francis, was an Italian singer and composer, born in Florence, Italy.
Military camp
A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent military base, for the lodging of an army.
See Florence and Military camp
Modern architecture
Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements.
See Florence and Modern architecture
Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa (Gioconda or Monna Lisa; Joconde) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci.
Monody
In music, monody refers to a solo vocal style distinguished by having a single melodic line and instrumental accompaniment.
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery
The Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery is a set of mosaics covering the internal dome and apses of the Baptistery of Florence.
See Florence and Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery
Mugello
The Mugello is a historic region and valley in northern Tuscany, in Italy, corresponding to the course of the River Sieve.
Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)
The Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Museum of the Works of the Cathedral) in Florence, Italy is a museum containing many of the original works of art created for Florence Cathedral, including the adjacent Florence Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile.
See Florence and Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)
Museo Galileo
Museo Galileo (formerly Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza; Institute and Museum of the History of Science) is located in Florence, Italy, in Piazza dei Giudici, along the River Arno and close to the Uffizi Gallery.
See Florence and Museo Galileo
Museo Horne
The Museo Horne is a museum focusing on art and furnishings of the 14th and 15th centuries, located in the former Palazzo Corsi, on via de' Benci number 6 in Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
Museo Nazionale di San Marco
Museo Nazionale di San Marco is an art museum housed in the monumental section of the medieval Dominican convent of San Marco dedicated to St Mark, situated on the present-day Piazza San Marco, in Florence, a region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Museo Nazionale di San Marco
Museums of Florence
The Museums of Florence form a key element of the cultural and artistic character of the city.
See Florence and Museums of Florence
Nanjing
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.
Nanni di Banco
Nanni d'Antonio di Banco (1384 – 1421) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence.
See Florence and Nanni di Banco
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
National Archaeological Museum, Florence
The National Archaeological Museum of Florence (Italian – Museo archeologico nazionale di Firenze) is an archaeological museum in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and National Archaeological Museum, Florence
National Research Council (Italy)
The National Research Council (Italian: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR) is the largest research council in Italy.
See Florence and National Research Council (Italy)
Nazareth
Nazareth (النَّاصِرَة|an-Nāṣira; נָצְרַת|Nāṣəraṯ; Naṣrath) is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel.
Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document.
See Florence and Negotiable instrument
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Florence and Neoclassical architecture
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States.
See Florence and New York University
Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was a Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian who lived during the Italian Renaissance.
See Florence and Niccolò Machiavelli
Ningbo
Ningbo is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It comprises six urban districts, two satellite county-level cities, and two rural counties, including several islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Ningbo is the southern economic center of the Yangtze Delta megalopolis.
Northern Italy
Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale, label, label) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.
See Florence and Northern Italy
Odoacer
Odoacer (– 15 March 493 AD), also spelled Odovacer or Odovacar, was a barbarian soldier and statesman from the Middle Danube who deposed the Western Roman child emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the ruler of Italy (476–493).
Ognissanti, Florence
The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti, or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti ("Church of All Saints"), is a Franciscan church located on in central Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Ognissanti, Florence
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
Oltrarno
The Oltrarno (beyond the Arno) is a quarter of Florence, Italy.
Open city
In war, an open city is a settlement which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture of the city to avoid destruction.
Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera.
Opificio delle pietre dure
The Opificio delle pietre dure, literally meaning "Workshop of semi-precious stones", is a public institute of the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage based in Florence.
See Florence and Opificio delle pietre dure
Orcagna
Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (c. 1308 – 25 August 1368), better known as Orcagna, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect active in Florence.
Ordinances of Justice
The Ordinances of Justice were a series of statutory laws enacted in the Republic of Florence of northern Italy between the years 1293 and 1295.
See Florence and Ordinances of Justice
Oriana Fallaci
Oriana Fallaci (29 June 1929 – 15 September 2006) was an Italian journalist and author.
See Florence and Oriana Fallaci
Ornellaia
Ornellaia is an Italian wine producer in the DOC Bolgheri in Toscana, known as a producer of Super Tuscan wine.
Orsanmichele
Orsanmichele ("Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the Tuscan contraction of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence.
Orto Botanico di Firenze
The Orto Botanico di Firenze (2.3 hectares), also known as the Giardino dei Semplici, the "Garden of simples", is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Florence.
See Florence and Orto Botanico di Firenze
Ostrogothic Kingdom
The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (Regnum Italiae), was a barbarian kingdom established by the Germanic Ostrogoths that controlled Italy and neighbouring areas between 493 and 553.
See Florence and Ostrogothic Kingdom
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic people.
Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people are those of Chinese birth or ethnicity who reside outside mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.
See Florence and Overseas Chinese
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Florence and Oxford University Press
Palazzo Antinori
Palazzo Antinori is a Renaissance palace located at the north end of Via de' Tornabuoni, where it makes an odd corner with Via dei Pecori, Via del Trebbio, and converts into Via dei Rondinelli, in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Antinori
Palazzo Corsini (Via del Parione)
The Palazzo Corsini is a monumental palace located on Via del Parione #11, with a facade towards the Arno River, in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Corsini (Via del Parione)
Palazzo Davanzati
Palazzo Davanzati is a palace in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Davanzati
Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali, Florence
The Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali is a building in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali, Florence
Palazzo Martelli
The Palazzo or Casa Martelli was a residential palace, and since 2009, a civic museum displaying in situ the remains of the original family's valuable art collection, as well as its frescoed rooms.
See Florence and Palazzo Martelli
Palazzo Medici Riccardi
The Palazzo Medici, also called the Palazzo Medici Riccardi after the later family that acquired and expanded it, is a Renaissance palace located in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Medici Riccardi
Palazzo Mozzi
Palazzo Mozzi or Palazzo de' Mozzi is an early Renaissance palace, located at the end of the Piazza de' Mozzi that emerges from Ponte alle Grazie and leads straight to the palace where via San Niccolò becomes via de' Bardi in the Quartiere of Santo Spirito (San Niccolò) in the Oltrarno section of Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Mozzi
Palazzo Pitti
The Palazzo Pitti, in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Pitti
Palazzo Rucellai
Palazzo Rucellai is a palatial fifteenth-century townhouse on the Via della Vigna Nuova in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Rucellai
Palazzo Spini Feroni
Palazzo Spini Ferroni is a large Gothic palace located along Via de' Tornabuoni at the corner of Piazza Santa Trinita, in central Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Spini Feroni
Palazzo Strozzi
Palazzo Strozzi is a palace in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Strozzi
Palazzo Vecchio
The italic ("Old Palace") is the town hall of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Palazzo Vecchio
Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983 and 1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. Florence and Palma de Mallorca are capitals of former nations.
See Florence and Palma de Mallorca
Pantheon, Rome
The Pantheon (Pantheum,Although the spelling Pantheon is standard in English, only Pantheum is found in classical Latin; see, for example, Pliny, Natural History: "Agrippas Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis". See also Oxford Latin Dictionary, s.v. "Pantheum"; Oxford English Dictionary, s.v.: "post-classical Latin pantheon a temple consecrated to all the gods (6th cent.; compare classical Latin pantheum)".
See Florence and Pantheon, Rome
Panzanella
Panzanella or panmolle is a Tuscan and Umbrian chopped salad of soaked stale bread, onions and tomatoes that is popular in the summer.
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (1397 – 10 May 1482) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer.
See Florence and Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
Paolo Uccello
Paolo Uccello (1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art.
See Florence and Paolo Uccello
Papal States
The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.
Pappa al pomodoro
Pappa al pomodoro (translating to 'tomato mush') is a thick Tuscan bread soup typically prepared with fresh tomatoes, bread, olive oil, garlic, basil, and various other fresh ingredients.
See Florence and Pappa al pomodoro
Paradox Interactive
Paradox Interactive AB is a video game publisher based in Stockholm, Sweden.
See Florence and Paradox Interactive
Parco delle Cascine
The Parco delle Cascine (Cascine Park) is a monumental and historical park in the city of Florence.
See Florence and Parco delle Cascine
Parmesan
Parmesan (italics) is an Italian hard, granular cheese produced from cow's milk and aged at least 12 months or, outside the European Union, a locally produced imitation.
Patronage
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another.
Pauline von Hügel
Baroness Pauline Marie Marguerite Isabelle von Hügel (3 November 1858 – 29 March 1901) was an Italian-born Austrian aristocrat and a British religious writer, named after Pauline von Metternich.
See Florence and Pauline von Hügel
Pazzi conspiracy
The Pazzi conspiracy (Congiura dei Pazzi) was a failed plot by members of the Pazzi family and others to displace the Medici family as rulers of Renaissance Florence.
See Florence and Pazzi conspiracy
Pâté
Pâté is a forcemeat.
Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ with its main campus in Los Angeles County, California.
See Florence and Pepperdine University
Peter Paul Rubens
Sir Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat.
See Florence and Peter Paul Rubens
Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Francesco Petrarca), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the earliest humanists.
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.
Piazza Cesare Beccaria
Piazza Cesare Beccaria is a square of Florence located on the viali di Circonvallazione, the boulevard along the route of the former walls of Florence.
See Florence and Piazza Cesare Beccaria
Piazza del Duomo, Florence
italic (English: "Cathedral Square") is located in the heart of the historic center of Florence (Tuscany, Italy).
See Florence and Piazza del Duomo, Florence
Piazza della Libertà, Florence
Piazza della Libertà is the northernmost point of the historic centre of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Piazza della Libertà, Florence
Piazza della Repubblica, Florence
Piazza della Repubblica (Republic Square) is a city square in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Piazza della Repubblica, Florence
Piazza della Signoria
italic is a w-shaped square in front of the italic in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Piazza della Signoria
Piazza Santa Croce
Piazza Santa Croce is one of the main plazas or squares located in the central neighbourhood of Florence, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Piazza Santa Croce
Piazza Santa Trinita
The Piazza Santa Trinita is a triangular square in Florence, Italy, named after the church of Santa Trinita on the west side of the square.
See Florence and Piazza Santa Trinita
Piazzale Michelangelo
Piazzale Michelangelo (Michelangelo Square) is a square with a panoramic view of Florence, Italy, located in the Oltrarno district.
See Florence and Piazzale Michelangelo
Piero del Pollaiuolo
Piero del Pollaiuolo (also spelled Pollaiolo; – by 1496), whose birth name was Piero Benci, was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence.
See Florence and Piero del Pollaiuolo
Piero della Francesca
Piero della Francesca (– 12 October 1492) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.
See Florence and Piero della Francesca
Piero di Cosimo de' Medici
Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, known as Piero the Gouty (Piero "il Gottoso"), (1416 – 2 December 1469) was the de facto ruler of Florence from 1464 to 1469, during the Italian Renaissance.
See Florence and Piero di Cosimo de' Medici
Piero the Unfortunate
Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici (15 February 1472 – 28 December 1503), called Piero the Fatuous or Piero the Unfortunate, was the lord of Florence from 1492 until his exile in 1494.
See Florence and Piero the Unfortunate
Piombino
Piombino is an Italian town and comune of about 35,000 inhabitants in the province of Livorno (Tuscany). Florence and Piombino are cities and towns in Tuscany.
Pirrho Musefili
Pirrho Musefili (fl. 1546 - 1557) was a Florentine cryptographer and cryptanalyst.
See Florence and Pirrho Musefili
Pisa
Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. Florence and Pisa are cities and towns in Tuscany.
Pisa International Airport
Pisa International Airport (Aeroporto Internazionale di Pisa), also named Galileo Galilei Airport, is an airport located in Pisa, Italy.
See Florence and Pisa International Airport
Pistoia
Pistoia is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. Florence and Pistoia are cities and towns in Tuscany.
Poggio Imperiale
Poggio Imperiale is a town and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy.
See Florence and Poggio Imperiale
Polymath
A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
Ponte Santa Trinita
The Ponte Santa Trinita (Italian for "Holy Trinity Bridge", named for the ancient church in the nearest stretch of via de' Tornabuoni) is a Renaissance bridge in Florence, Italy, spanning the Arno.
See Florence and Ponte Santa Trinita
Ponte Vecchio
The Ponte Vecchio ("Old Bridge") is a medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge over the Arno, in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Ponte Vecchio
Pontormo
Jacopo Carucci or Carrucci (May 24, 1494 – January 2, 1557), usually known as Jacopo (da) Pontormo or simply Pontormo, was an Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine School.
Pope
The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI (born Rodrigo de Borja; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503) (epithet: Valentinus ("The Valencian")) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503. Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna.
See Florence and Pope Alexander VI
Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI (Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352.
See Florence and Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII (Clemens VII; Clemente VII; born Giulio de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534.
See Florence and Pope Clement VII
Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X (Leone X; born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, 11 December 14751 December 1521) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death, in December 1521.
Porto-Vecchio
Porto-Vecchio (Porto Vecchio or Portovecchio; Portivechju or Portivecchju) is a commune in the French department of Corse-du-Sud, on the island of Corsica.
See Florence and Porto-Vecchio
Prada
Prada S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1913 in Milan by Mario Prada.
Prato
Prato is a city and comune (municipality) in Tuscany, Italy, and is the capital of the province of Prato. Florence and Prato are cities and towns in Tuscany.
Precipitation types
In meteorology, the different types of precipitation often include the character, formation, or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level.
See Florence and Precipitation types
Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (préfecture) may be.
See Florence and Prefectures in France
Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior in some religious orders.
See Florence and Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prosciutto
Prosciutto crudo, in English often shortened to prosciutto, is uncooked, unsmoked, and dry-cured ham.
Proto-language
In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
See Florence and Proto-language
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
See Florence and Providence, Rhode Island
Puebla (city)
Puebla de Zaragoza (Cuetlaxcoapan), formally Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, formerly Puebla de los Ángeles during colonial times, or known simply as Puebla, is the seat of Puebla Municipality.
See Florence and Puebla (city)
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France.
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Renaissance Revival architecture
Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th-century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes.
See Florence and Renaissance Revival architecture
Republic of Florence
The Republic of Florence (Repubblica di Firenze), known officially as the Florentine Republic (Repubblica Fiorentina), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Republic of Florence
ResearchGate
ResearchGate is a European commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators.
Ribollita
Ribollita is a Tuscan bread soup, panade, porridge or potage made with bread and vegetables, often from leftovers.
Riga
Riga is the capital, the primate, and the largest city of Latvia, as well as one of the most populous cities in the Baltic States.
RN Florentia
Rari Nantes Florentia is an Italian water polo club from Florence.
Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose dramatic monologues put him high among the Victorian poets.
See Florence and Robert Browning
Robert Lowell
Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV (March 1, 1917 – September 12, 1977) was an American poet.
See Florence and Robert Lowell
Roberto Benigni
Roberto Remigio Benigni (born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director.
See Florence and Roberto Benigni
Roberto Cavalli
Roberto Cavalli (15 November 1940 – 12 April 2024) was an Italian fashion designer and inventor.
See Florence and Roberto Cavalli
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence
The Archdiocese of Florence (Archidioecesis Florentina) is a Latin Church metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy.
See Florence and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
See Florence and Roman Republic
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Florence and Romanesque architecture
Romanians
Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
Rose McGowan
Rósa Arianna "Rose" McGowan (born September 5, 1973) is an American actress and activist.
Rugby union
Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union or more often just rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in England in the first half of the 19th century.
Sagrestia Nuova
The Sagrestia Nuova, also known as the New Sacristy and the Medici Chapel, is a mausoleum that stands as a testament to the grandeur and artistic vision of the Medici family.
See Florence and Sagrestia Nuova
Saint
In Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God.
Salami
Salami is a cured sausage consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically pork.
Salvador, Bahia
Salvador is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia.
See Florence and Salvador, Bahia
Salvatore Ferragamo
Salvatore Ferragamo (5 June 1898 – 7 August 1960) was an Italian shoe designer and the founder of luxury goods high-end retailer Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. An innovative shoe designer, Salvatore Ferragamo established a reputation in the 1930s.
See Florence and Salvatore Ferragamo
Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A.
Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A., doing business as Ferragamo, is an Italian luxury fashion house focused on apparel, footwear, and accessories headquartered in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A.
San Gaetano, Florence
San Gaetano, also known as Santi Michele e Gaetano, is a Baroque church in Florence, Italy, located on the Piazza Antinori, entrusted to the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest.
See Florence and San Gaetano, Florence
San Marco, Florence
San Marco is a religious complex in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and San Marco, Florence
San Miniato al Monte
San Miniato al Monte (St. Minias on the Mountain) is a basilica in Florence, central Italy, standing atop one of the highest points in the city.
See Florence and San Miniato al Monte
Sandro Botticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (– May 17, 1510), better known as Sandro Botticelli or simply Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.
See Florence and Sandro Botticelli
Sangiovese
Sangiovese is a red Italian wine grape variety that derives its name from the Latin sanguis Jovis, "blood of Jupiter".
Santa Croce, Florence
The italics (Italian for 'Basilica of the Holy Cross') is a minor basilica and the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Santa Croce, Florence
Santa Felicita, Florence
Santa Felicita (Church of St Felicity) is a Roman Catholic church in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy, probably the oldest in the city after San Lorenzo.
See Florence and Santa Felicita, Florence
Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
Santa Maria del Carmine is a church of the Carmelite Order, in the Oltrarno district of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
Santa Maria Novella
Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence, Italy, situated opposite, and lending its name to, the city's main railway station.
See Florence and Santa Maria Novella
Santa Trinita
Santa Trinita (Italian for "Holy Trinity") is a Roman Catholic church located in front of the piazza of the same name, traversed by Via de' Tornabuoni, in central Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Santa Trinita
Santissima Annunziata, Florence
The Basilica della Santissima Annunziata (Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation) is a Renaissance-style, Catholic minor basilica in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.
See Florence and Santissima Annunziata, Florence
Santo Spirito, Florence
The Basilica di Santo Spirito ("Basilica of the Holy Spirit") is a church in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Santo Spirito, Florence
Sara Funaro
Sara Funaro (born 12 May 1976) is an Italian politician, Mayor of Florence since 26 June 2024 and the first woman to hold this office.
Scandicci
Scandicci is a comune (municipality) of c. 50,000 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about southwest of Florence. Florence and Scandicci are cities and towns in Tuscany and Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence.
Scoppio del carro
The Scoppio del Carro ("Explosion of the Cart") is a folk tradition of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Scoppio del carro
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
Seconda pratica
Seconda pratica, Italian for "second practice", is the counterpart to prima pratica (or stile antico) and is sometimes referred to as stile moderno.
See Florence and Seconda pratica
Secundogeniture
A secundogeniture (from secundus 'following, second', and genitus 'born') was a dependent territory given to a younger son of a princely house and his descendants, creating a cadet branch.
See Florence and Secundogeniture
Serie A
The Serie A, officially known as Serie A enilive in Italy and Serie A Made in Italy abroad for sponsorship reasons, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system.
Servite Order
The Servite Order, officially known as the Order of Servants of Mary (Ordo Servorum Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviation: OSM), is one of the five original mendicant orders in the Roman Catholic Church.
See Florence and Servite Order
Settignano
Settignano is a frazione on a hillside northeast of Florence, Italy.
Siege of Florence (1529–1530)
The siege of Florence took place from 24 October 1529 to 10 August 1530, at the end of the War of the League of Cognac.
See Florence and Siege of Florence (1529–1530)
Siena
Siena (Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. Florence and Siena are capitals of former nations and cities and towns in Tuscany.
Signoria of Florence
The Signoria of Florence (Italian: "lordship") was the government of the medieval and Renaissance Republic of Florence, between 1250 and 1532.
See Florence and Signoria of Florence
Silpa Bhirasri
Silpa Bhirasri (ศิลป์ พีระศรี), born Corrado Feroci (15 September 1892 – 14 May 1962), was an Italian-born Thai sculptor.
See Florence and Silpa Bhirasri
Sister city
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.
Sistine Chapel ceiling
The Sistine Chapel ceiling (Soffitto della Cappella Sistina), painted in fresco by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art.
See Florence and Sistine Chapel ceiling
Smithsonian (magazine)
Smithsonian is a science and nature magazine (and associated website, SmithsonianMag.com), and is the official journal published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., although editorially independent from its parent organization.
See Florence and Smithsonian (magazine)
Snow
Snow comprises individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes.
Sourdough
Sourdough or sourdough bread is a bread made by the fermentation of dough using wild lactobacillaceae and yeast.
Stadio Artemio Franchi
The Stadio Artemio Franchi is a football stadium in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Stadio Artemio Franchi
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See Florence and Stanford University
Stendhal syndrome
Stendhal syndrome, Stendhal's syndrome or Florence syndrome is a psychosomatic condition involving rapid heartbeat, fainting, confusion, and even hallucinations, allegedly occurring when individuals become exposed to objects, artworks, or phenomena of great beauty.
See Florence and Stendhal syndrome
Stibbert Museum
The Stibbert Museum (Museo Stibbert) is located on via Frederick Stibbert on the hill of Montughi in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Stibbert Museum
Stile antico
Stile antico (literally "ancient style"), is a term describing a manner of musical composition from the sixteenth century onwards that was historically conscious, as opposed to stile moderno, which adhered to more modern trends.
Sydney
Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia.
T-bone steak
The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries and Ireland).
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.
Tate
Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art.
Tea with Mussolini
Tea with Mussolini (Un tè con Mussolini) is a 1999 semi-autobiographical comedy-drama war film directed by Franco Zeffirelli, scripted by John Mortimer, telling the story of a young Italian boy's upbringing by a circle of British and American women before and during the Second World War.
See Florence and Tea with Mussolini
Teatro Comunale, Florence
The italic is an opera house in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Teatro Comunale, Florence
Teatro della Pergola
The Teatro della Pergola, sometimes known as just La Pergola, is a historic opera house in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Teatro della Pergola
Tenuta San Guido
Tenuta San Guido is an Italian wine producer in the DOC Bolgheri in Toscana, known as a producer of "Super Tuscan" wine.
See Florence and Tenuta San Guido
The Decameron
The Decameron (Decameron or Decamerone), subtitled Prince Galehaut (Old Prencipe Galeotto) and sometimes nicknamed l'Umana commedia ("the Human comedy", as it was Boccaccio that dubbed Dante Alighieri's Comedy "Divine"), is a collection of short stories by the 14th-century Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375).
See Florence and The Decameron
The Girl Who Couldn't Say No
Tenderly (internationally released as The Girl Who Couldn't Say No, also known as Il suo modo di fare) is a 1968 Italian comedy film directed by Franco Brusati.
See Florence and The Girl Who Couldn't Say No
The Light in the Piazza (novel)
The Light in the Piazza is a 1960 novella by writer Elizabeth Spencer.
See Florence and The Light in the Piazza (novel)
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.
See Florence and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The Prince
The Prince (Il Principe; De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by the Italian diplomat, philosopher, and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli in the form of a realistic instruction guide for new princes.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Florence and Time (magazine)
Tirana
Tirana (Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania.
Titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (27 August 1576), Latinized as Titianus, hence known in English as Titian, was an Italian Renaissance painter, the most important artist of Renaissance Venetian painting.
Tomb of Pope Julius II
The Tomb of Pope Julius II is a sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed until 1545 on a much reduced scale.
See Florence and Tomb of Pope Julius II
Town hall
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal building (in the Philippines) is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality.
Train station
A train station, railroad station, or railroad depot (mainly North American terminology) and railway station (mainly UK and other Anglophone countries) is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both.
See Florence and Train station
Trams in Florence
The Florence tramway network (Rete tranviaria di Firenze) is an important part of the public transport network of Florence, Italy.
See Florence and Trams in Florence
Travel + Leisure
Travel + Leisure is a travel magazine based in New York City, New York.
See Florence and Travel + Leisure
Trenitalia
Trenitalia SpA is the primary train operator of Italy.
Tripe
Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals.
Turin
Turin (Torino) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. Florence and Turin are capitals of former nations and former capitals of Italy.
Turku
Turku (Åbo) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland.
Tuscan Committee of National Liberation
The Tuscan Committee of National Liberation (Italian: CTLN or Comitato Toscano di Liberazione Nazionale) was an underground Italian resistance organisation during World War II based in Tuscany, Central Italy.
See Florence and Tuscan Committee of National Liberation
Tuscan dialect
Tuscan (dialetto toscano; label) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.
See Florence and Tuscan dialect
Tuscan wine
Tuscan wine is Italian wine from the Tuscany region.
Tuscany
Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.
Tuscia
Tuscia is a historical region of central Italy that comprises part of the territories under Etruscan influence, or Etruria, named so since the Roman conquest.
Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (italic) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
Ultraviolet index
The ultraviolet index, or UV index, is an international standard measurement of the strength of the sunburn-producing ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a particular place and time.
See Florence and Ultraviolet index
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
United Provinces of Central Italy
The United Provinces of Central Italy (Province Unite del Centro Italia), also known as the Confederation of Central Italy or General Government of Central Italy, was a short-lived military government established in 1859 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.
See Florence and United Provinces of Central Italy
University of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze) (in acronym UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy.
See Florence and University of Florence
Valencia
Valencia (officially in Valencian: València) is the capital of the province and autonomous community of the same name in Spain. Florence and Valencia are capitals of former nations.
Valerio Profondavalle
Valerio Profondavalle or Valerio Diependale (1533 – c. 1600) was a Flemish historical painter of the Renaissance period, born in Leuven, Belgium but active in Italy.
See Florence and Valerio Profondavalle
Valladolid
Valladolid is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
Vasari Corridor
The Vasari Corridor (Corridoio Vasariano) is an elevated enclosed passageway in Florence, central Italy, connecting the Palazzo Vecchio with the Palazzo Pitti.
See Florence and Vasari Corridor
Veneto
Veneto or the Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the north-east of the country.
Vespa
Vespa is an Italian brand of scooters and mopeds manufactured by Piaggio.
Via Camillo Cavour
Via Camillo Cavour is one of the main roads of the northern area of the historic city centre of the Italian city of Florence.
See Florence and Via Camillo Cavour
Via Cassia
The Via Cassia was an important Roman road striking out of the Via Flaminia near the Milvian Bridge in the immediate vicinity of Rome and, passing not far from Veii, traversed Etruria.
Via de' Tornabuoni
Via de' Tornabuoni, or Via Tornabuoni, is a street at the center of Florence, Italy, that goes from Antinori square to Ponte Santa Trinita, across Santa Trinita square, distinguished by the presence of fashion boutiques.
See Florence and Via de' Tornabuoni
Viali di Circonvallazione
The Viali di Circonvallazione are a series of 6-lane boulevards surrounding the north part of the historic centre of Florence.
See Florence and Viali di Circonvallazione
Victor Emmanuel II
Victor Emmanuel II (Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia (also known as Piedmont-Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878.
See Florence and Victor Emmanuel II
Villa I Tatti
Villa I Tatti, The Harvard Center for Italian Renaissance Studies is a center for advanced research in the humanities located in Florence, Italy, and belongs to Harvard University.
See Florence and Villa I Tatti
Villa Medici at Careggi
The Villa Medici at Careggi is a patrician villa in the hills near Florence, Tuscany, central Italy.
See Florence and Villa Medici at Careggi
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.
Virgin Territory
Virgin Territory is a 2007 romantic comedy film directed by David Leland.
See Florence and Virgin Territory
Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione
Virginia Oldoini Rapallini, Countess of Castiglione (23 March 1837 – 28 November 1899), better known as La Castiglione, was an Italian aristocrat who achieved notoriety as a mistress of Emperor Napoleon III of France.
See Florence and Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione
Vittoria Puccini
Vittoria Puccini (born 18 November 1981) is an Italian film and television actress.
See Florence and Vittoria Puccini
Water polo
Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each.
Western Roman Empire
In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.
See Florence and Western Roman Empire
William Robertson Smith
William Robertson Smith (8 November 184631 March 1894) was a Scottish orientalist, Old Testament scholar, professor of divinity, and minister of the Free Church of Scotland.
See Florence and William Robertson Smith
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids.
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Florence and World Heritage Site
1966 flood of the Arno
The 1966 flood of the Arno (Alluvione di Firenze del 4 novembre 1966) in Florence killed 101 people and damaged or destroyed millions of masterpieces of art and rare books.
See Florence and 1966 flood of the Arno
2013 UCI Road World Championships
The 2013 UCI Road World Championships took place in Tuscany, Italy, between 22 and 29 September 2013.
See Florence and 2013 UCI Road World Championships
2nd New Zealand Division
The 2nd New Zealand Division, initially the New Zealand Division, was an infantry division of the New Zealand Military Forces (New Zealand's army) during the Second World War.
See Florence and 2nd New Zealand Division
6th South African Armoured Division
The 6th South African Armoured Division was the second armoured division of the South African Army and was formed during World War II.
See Florence and 6th South African Armoured Division
See also
50s BC establishments
- Albert, Somme
- Cividale del Friuli
- Florence
- Gwangju
- Gyeongju
- Legio V Alaudae
- Legio VI Ferrata
- Legio X Gemina
- Legio XI Claudia
- Legio XII Fulminata
- Legio XIII Gemina
- Park (Korean surname)
- Silla
- Three Kingdoms of Korea
59 BC
- 59 BC
- Florence
Former capitals of Italy
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence
- Bagno a Ripoli
- Barberino Tavarnelle
- Barberino Val d'Elsa
- Barberino di Mugello
- Borgo San Lorenzo
- Calenzano
- Campi Bisenzio
- Capraia e Limite
- Castelfiorentino
- Castello di Oliveto
- Cerreto Guidi
- Certaldo
- Dicomano
- Empoli
- Fiesole
- Figline Valdarno
- Figline e Incisa Valdarno
- Firenzuola
- Florence
- Fucecchio
- Gambassi Terme
- Greve in Chianti
- Impruneta
- Incisa in Val d'Arno
- Lastra a Signa
- List of municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence
- Londa, Tuscany
- Marradi
- Montaione
- Montelupo Fiorentino
- Montespertoli
- Palazzuolo sul Senio
- Pelago
- Pontassieve
- Reggello
- Rignano sull'Arno
- Rufina
- San Casciano in Val di Pesa
- San Godenzo
- Scandicci
- Scarperia e San Piero
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Signa
- Tavarnelle Val di Pesa
- Timeline of Florence
- Vaglia
- Vicchio
- Vinci, Tuscany
Populated places established in the 1st century BC
- Albert, Somme
- Alcalá de Henares
- Atuatuca
- Barcelona
- Basa, Sudan
- Cáceres, Spain
- Caesarea Maritima
- Calleva Atrebatum
- Cologne
- Como
- Dhar
- Eupatoria (Pontus)
- Florence
- Florentia (Roman city)
- Germa (Galatia)
- Guangzhou
- Imola
- Iulia Constantia Zilil
- Iulia Valentia Banasa
- Juliobriga
- Koblenz
- León, Spain
- Limoges
- Lincoln, England
- Lugdunum
- Mainz
- Mampsis
- Marco Gonzalez
- Medellín, Spain
- Mediolanum Santonum
- Nanchang
- Nantes
- Nicopolis (Armenia)
- Pamplona
- Peltuinum
- Roman Carthage
- Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges
- Sentinum
- Tigranocerta
- Tocolsida
- Tongeren
- Trier
- Vienne, Isère
- Vitudurum
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence
Also known as 2016 Florence sinkhole, ATAF&Li-nea, Art in Florence, Art of Florence, Bus transport in Florence, Capital of Tuscany, Cinema in Florence, Cinema of Florence, Climate in Florence, Climate of Florence, Commerce in Florence, Commerce of Florence, Cuisine in Florence, Cuisine of Florence, Culture in Florence, Culture of Florence, Demographics of Florence, Economy of Florence, Fashion of Florence, Fiorentia, Firenze, Firenze, Italy, Florence (Italy), Florence, Italy, Florence, Tuscany, Florentine Art, Florença, Folrenz, Food and wine production of Florence, Frorence, Geography of Florence, Government of Florence, Gualfonda, Industry in Florence, Industry of Florence, Industry, commerce and services of Florence, International relations of Florence, Language in Florence, Language of Florence, List of railway stations in Florence, Literature of Florence, Locations in Florence, Main sights of Florence, Montughi, Music in Florence, Notable people of Florence, Notable residents of Florence, Research activity in Florence, Research in Florence, Rovezzano, Science and discovery in Florence, Services in Florence, Sport in Florence, Sport of Florence, Sports in Florence, Sports of Florence, Tourism in Florence, Transport in Florence, Transportation in Florence, UN/LOCODE:ITFLR.
, Bernardo Buontalenti, Bernardo Rossellino, Bethlehem, Biblioteca Riccardiana, Birth rate, Bistecca alla fiorentina, Black Death, Boboli Gardens, Bolzano, Bonfire of the vanities, Bordeaux, Borgo San Lorenzo, Boulevard, Brancacci Chapel, Bronzino, Bruno Innocenti, Budapest, Bulgari, Byzantine Empire, Caffè Giubbe Rosse, Calcio storico fiorentino, Calmi Cuori Appassionati, Cannes, Capture of Rome, Carlo Collodi, Carnival, Carolingian Empire, Casa Buonarroti, Catherine de' Medici, Catholic Church, Catholic-Hierarchy.org, Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, Cesare Bomboni, Chancellor of Florence, Chanel, Charlemagne, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VIII of France, Chianina, Chianti, Chianti (region), Chicago Tribune, Christopher Columbus, Cimabue, Ciompi Revolt, Compagnia Toscana Trasporti Nord, Comune, Congress of Vienna, Constantinople, Copenhagen, Coriolano Vighi, Cosimo de' Medici, Cosimo I de' Medici, Cosimo Rosselli, County, Coverciano, Florence, Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani, Cryptanalysis, Cryptography, Dafne, Dante Alighieri, David (Michelangelo), Death by burning, Defensive wall, Della Robbia, Democratic Party (Italy), Desiderio da Settignano, Discourses on Livy, Divine Comedy, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Dominican Order, Donatello, Double-entry bookkeeping, Dresden, Dublin, Duchy of Florence, Duchy of Lorraine, Duchy of Lucca, Duke of the Florentine Republic, Edinburgh, Egisto Bracci, Eighth Army (United Kingdom), Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Emilia-Romagna, Emilio Pucci, Enrico Coveri, Eruca vesicaria, Etruscan civilization, Europa Universalis IV, European Commission, European theatre of World War II, European University Institute, Eurostat, Evangelista Torricelli, Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, Fashion capital, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, Fez, Morocco, Fiesole, Filipinos, Filippino Lippi, Filippo Brunelleschi, Filippo Lippi, Firenze Campo di Marte railway station, Firenze Rifredi railway station, Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station, First Crusade, First French Empire, Flanders, Florence Airport, Florence Baptistery, Florence Cathedral, Florence Charterhouse, Florence Nightingale, Florentine Camerata, Florentine dialect, Florentine Histories, Florida State University, Florin, Football in Italy, Forbes, Fortezza da Basso, Foster and Partners, Fountain of Neptune, Florence, Fra Angelico, Francesco Casagrande, Francesco Guicciardini, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, French Army, Frescobaldi, Functional urban area, Futurism, G.I. American universities, Gabinetto Vieusseux, Gaetano Donizetti, Galileo Galilei, Galleria dell'Accademia, Galluzzo, Garrison, Genoa, Giambologna, Gian Gastone de' Medici, Giano della Bella, Gifu, Giorgio Antonucci, Giorgio Vasari, Giotto, Giotto's Campanile, Giovanni Boccaccio, Giovanni Spadolini, Giro d'Italia, Girolamo Mei, Girolamo Savonarola, Giuliano de' Medici, Giulio Racah, Global Language Monitor, Golden Age, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Grand strategy wargame, Great Synagogue of Florence, Gucci, Guccio Gucci, Guido Cavalcanti, Hagia Sophia, Han Chinese, Hannibal (2001 film), Harold Acton, Harpsichord, Harvard University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Heinrich Isaac, Henry II of France, Henry IV of France, High-speed rail, Historic Centre of Florence, History of art, House of Bourbon-Parma, House of Lorraine, House of Medici, Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany, Humid subtropical climate, Hundred Years' War, Il Canzoniere, Il Sodoma, Inferno (2016 film), Invention of the telephone, Isfahan, Italian fashion, Italian Football Federation, Italian language, Italian National Institute of Statistics, Italian Renaissance, Italian Renaissance painting, Italian Social Republic, Italy, Italy national football team, Jacopo de' Pazzi, Jacopo Peri, James Madison University, Jeonju, Johannes Ghiselin, John Argyropoulos, John the Baptist, Kassel, Kent State University, Kingdom of Etruria, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire), Kingdom of the Lombards, Kraków, Kuwait City, Kyiv, Kyoto, La Specola, Lampredotto, Lapo Gianni, Laurentian Library, Legnaia, Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo Pieraccioni, Lexicon, Lisa del Giocondo, List of grand dukes of Tuscany, List of historical states of Italy, List of mayors of Florence, List of squares in Florence, Ljubljana, Locative case, Loggia dei Lanzi, Lombards, Lorenzo de' Medici, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Louis XIII, Lucca, Lucia di Lammermoor, Madonna della Seggiola, Madrigal, Malmö Municipality, Manga, Mantua, Marble sculpture, March of Tuscany, Maria Giustina Turcotti, Maria Theresa, Marie de' Medici, Marino Marini (sculptor), Marino Marini Museum, Marist College, Masaccio, Masolino da Panicale, Matteo Renzi, Medici Chapels, Medieval architecture, Medieval art, Medieval commune, Mediterranean climate, Mercato Centrale (Florence), Metropolitan City of Florence, Michelangelo, Michelozzo, Middle Ages, Mike Francis, Military camp, Modern architecture, Mona Lisa, Monody, Morocco, Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery, Mugello, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence), Museo Galileo, Museo Horne, Museo Nazionale di San Marco, Museums of Florence, Nanjing, Nanni di Banco, Napoleon, National Archaeological Museum, Florence, National Research Council (Italy), Nazareth, Negotiable instrument, Neoclassical architecture, New York University, Niccolò Machiavelli, Ningbo, Northern Italy, Odoacer, Ognissanti, Florence, Olive oil, Oltrarno, Open city, Opera house, Opificio delle pietre dure, Orcagna, Ordinances of Justice, Oriana Fallaci, Ornellaia, Orsanmichele, Orto Botanico di Firenze, Ostrogothic Kingdom, Ostrogoths, Overseas Chinese, Oxford University Press, Palazzo Antinori, Palazzo Corsini (Via del Parione), Palazzo Davanzati, Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali, Florence, Palazzo Martelli, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Palazzo Mozzi, Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Rucellai, Palazzo Spini Feroni, Palazzo Strozzi, Palazzo Vecchio, Palma de Mallorca, Pantheon, Rome, Panzanella, Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, Paolo Uccello, Papal States, Pappa al pomodoro, Paradox Interactive, Parco delle Cascine, Parmesan, Patronage, Pauline von Hügel, Pazzi conspiracy, Pâté, Pepperdine University, Peter Paul Rubens, Petrarch, Philadelphia, Piazza Cesare Beccaria, Piazza del Duomo, Florence, Piazza della Libertà, Florence, Piazza della Repubblica, Florence, Piazza della Signoria, Piazza Santa Croce, Piazza Santa Trinita, Piazzale Michelangelo, Piero del Pollaiuolo, Piero della Francesca, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, Piero the Unfortunate, Piombino, Pirrho Musefili, Pisa, Pisa International Airport, Pistoia, Poggio Imperiale, Polymath, Ponte Santa Trinita, Ponte Vecchio, Pontormo, Pope, Pope Alexander VI, Pope Clement VI, Pope Clement VII, Pope Leo X, Porto-Vecchio, Prada, Prato, Precipitation types, Prefectures in France, Prior (ecclesiastical), Prosciutto, Proto-language, Providence, Rhode Island, Puebla (city), Raphael, Reims, Renaissance, Renaissance Revival architecture, Republic of Florence, ResearchGate, Ribollita, Riga, RN Florentia, Robert Browning, Robert Lowell, Roberto Benigni, Roberto Cavalli, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Romanesque architecture, Romanians, Rome, Rose McGowan, Rugby union, Sagrestia Nuova, Saint, Salami, Salvador, Bahia, Salvatore Ferragamo, Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A., San Gaetano, Florence, San Marco, Florence, San Miniato al Monte, Sandro Botticelli, Sangiovese, Santa Croce, Florence, Santa Felicita, Florence, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Santa Maria Novella, Santa Trinita, Santissima Annunziata, Florence, Santo Spirito, Florence, Sara Funaro, Scandicci, Scoppio del carro, Scotland, Sculpture, Seconda pratica, Secundogeniture, Serie A, Servite Order, Settignano, Siege of Florence (1529–1530), Siena, Signoria of Florence, Silpa Bhirasri, Sister city, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Smithsonian (magazine), Snow, Sourdough, Stadio Artemio Franchi, Stanford University, Stendhal syndrome, Stibbert Museum, Stile antico, Sydney, T-bone steak, Tallinn, Tate, Tea with Mussolini, Teatro Comunale, Florence, Teatro della Pergola, Tenuta San Guido, The Decameron, The Girl Who Couldn't Say No, The Light in the Piazza (novel), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The Prince, Time (magazine), Tirana, Titian, Tomb of Pope Julius II, Town hall, Train station, Trams in Florence, Travel + Leisure, Trenitalia, Tripe, Turin, Turku, Tuscan Committee of National Liberation, Tuscan dialect, Tuscan wine, Tuscany, Tuscia, Uffizi, Ultraviolet index, UNESCO, United Provinces of Central Italy, University of Florence, Valencia, Valerio Profondavalle, Valladolid, Vasari Corridor, Veneto, Vespa, Via Camillo Cavour, Via Cassia, Via de' Tornabuoni, Viali di Circonvallazione, Victor Emmanuel II, Villa I Tatti, Villa Medici at Careggi, Virgil, Virgin Territory, Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione, Vittoria Puccini, Water polo, Western Roman Empire, William Robertson Smith, Wool, World Heritage Site, 1966 flood of the Arno, 2013 UCI Road World Championships, 2nd New Zealand Division, 6th South African Armoured Division.