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GCHQ, the Glossary

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (IA) to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom. Primarily based at "The Doughnut" in the suburbs of Cheltenham, GCHQ is the responsibility of the country's Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Foreign Secretary), but it is not a part of the Foreign Office and its Director ranks as a Permanent Secretary.^[1]

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/Film

/Film, also spelled Slashfilm, is a blog that covers movie news, reviews, interviews, and trailers.

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ABC News (United States)

ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC.

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Abdelhakim Belhaj

Abdelhakim Belhaj (or Belhadj; عبد الحكيمبلحاج, nom de guerre: Abu Abdallah Assadaq) (born 1 May 1966) is a Libyan politician and military leader.

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Admiralty (United Kingdom)

The Admiralty was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy until 1964, historically under its titular head, the Lord High Admiral – one of the Great Officers of State.

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Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Akrotiri and Dhekelia, officially the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (SBA), is a British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus.

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Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist.

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Alastair Denniston

Commander Alexander "Alastair" Guthrie Denniston (1 December 1881 – 1 January 1961) was a Scottish codebreaker in Room 40, deputy head of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) and hockey player.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.

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Anne Keast-Butler

Anne Keast-Butler is the Director of GCHQ, the UK's Intelligence, Cyber and Security Agency.

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Arthur Bonsall

Sir Arthur Wilfred "Bill" Bonsall (25 June 1917 – 26 November 2014) was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ—a post he held from 1973 to 1978.

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Ascension Island

Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station

The Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station (ADSCS), an Earth station in Australia is located at Kojarena east of Geraldton, Western Australia.

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Australian Signals Directorate

The Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), formerly the Defence Signals Directorate (DSD), is the federal statutory agency in the Australian Government responsible for foreign signals intelligence, support to military operations, cyber warfare, and information security. GCHQ and Australian Signals Directorate are cryptography organizations and signals intelligence agencies.

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Ayios Nikolaos Station

Ayios Nikolaos Station (also spelled Agios Nikolaos; Άγιος Νικόλαος, lit. "Saint Nicholas") is a British military station and part of the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia in Cyprus.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Behind the Enigma

Behind the Enigma: The Authorised History of GCHQ, Britain's Secret Cyber-Intelligence Agency is an authorised history of GCHQ, written by intelligence and security expert John Ferris.

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Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor.

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Benhall, Cheltenham

Benhall is a small district within the town of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.

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Biometrics

Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics and features.

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Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. GCHQ and Bletchley Park are cryptography organizations and foreign Office during World War II.

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Brian Tovey

Sir Brian John Maynard Tovey (15 April 1926 – 23 December 2015) was a British intelligence analyst who was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1978 to 1983.

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British Armed Forces

The British Armed Forces are the military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British intelligence agencies

The Government of the United Kingdom maintains several intelligence agencies that deal with secret intelligence.

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Brora Y Station

Brora Y Station was a Government listening station located South-east of Brora in Sutherland, Scotland which operated between 1940 and 1986.

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BT Group

BT Group plc (formerly British Telecom) is a British multinational telecommunications holding company headquartered in London, England.

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Cable & Wireless plc

Cable & Wireless plc was a British telecommunications company.

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Capenhurst

Capenhurst is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.

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Carillion

Carillion plc was a British multinational construction and facilities management services company headquartered in Wolverhampton in the United Kingdom, prior to its liquidation in January 2018.

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Caroline Lucas

Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960) is a British politician who was the leader of the Green Party of England and Wales from 2003 to 2006, 2007 to 2012, and 2016 to 2018.

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Cat Hill, Ascension Island

Cat Hill is a settlement on Ascension Island, an island which forms part of the British Overseas Territories.

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Centre for Quantum Computation

The Centre for Quantum Computation (CQC) is an alliance of quantum information research groups at the University of Oxford.

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CESG Listed Adviser Scheme

The CESG Listed Adviser Scheme was a programme run by CESG, to provide a pool of information assurance consultants to government departments and other public-sector bodies in the UK.

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Channel 4

Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation.

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Charles III

Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms.

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Cheltenham

Cheltenham is a spa town and borough on the edge of the Cotswolds in Gloucestershire, England.

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Chief Secretary to the Treasury

The Chief Secretary to the Treasury is a ministerial office in the government of the United Kingdom and is the second most senior ministerial office in HM Treasury, after the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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Chung Hom Kok

Chung Hom Kok is an area in the southern Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong.

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Clarence House

Clarence House is a royal residence on The Mall in the City of Westminster, London.

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Clifford Cocks

Clifford Christopher Cocks (born 28 December 1950) is a British mathematician and cryptographer.

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Clive Loehnis

Sir Clive Loehnis KCMG (24 August 1902 – 23 May 1992) was a director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1960 to 1964.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Colombo

Colombo (translit,; translit) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population.

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Colossus computer

Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher.

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Commercial Product Assurance

Commercial Product Assurance (CPA) is a CESG approach to gaining confidence in the security of commercial products.

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Communications Security Establishment

The Communications Security Establishment (CSE; Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications, CST), formerly (from 2008-2014) called the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), is the Government of Canada's national cryptologic agency. GCHQ and Communications Security Establishment are cryptography organizations and signals intelligence agencies.

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Computer and network surveillance

Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored locally on a computer or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet.

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Computerworld

Computerworld (abbreviated as CW) is an ongoing decades-old professional publication which in 2014 "went digital." Its audience is information technology (IT) and business technology professionals, and is available via a publication website and as a digital magazine.

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Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander

Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (19 April 1909 – 15 February 1974), known as Hugh Alexander and C. H. O'D.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative and Unionist Party, commonly the Conservative Party and colloquially known as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party.

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Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service

Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service, or the GCHQ case, is a United Kingdom constitutional law and UK labour law case that held the royal prerogative was subject to judicial review.

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Crown copyright

Crown copyright is a type of copyright protection.

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Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems.

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Cryptography

Cryptography, or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba.

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Cybercrime

Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.

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Dalek

The Daleks are a fictional extraterrestrial race of extremely xenophobic mutants principally portrayed in the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who.

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David Lammy

David Lindon Lammy (born 19 July 1972) is an English politician and lawyer who has served as Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom since July 2024.

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David Omand

Sir David Bruce Omand (born 15 April 1947) is a British former senior civil servant who served as the Director of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) from 1996 to 1997.

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David Pepper (intelligence official)

Sir David Edwin Pepper KCMG (born 8 February 1948) is a British civil servant who was the director of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the British signals intelligence agency, from 2003 to 2008.

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David Schwimmer

David Lawrence Schwimmer (born November 2, 1966) is an American actor, director, comedian, and producer.

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Declassification

Declassification is the process of ceasing a protective classification, often under the principle of freedom of information.

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Defence Intelligence

Defence Intelligence (DI) is an organisation within the United Kingdom intelligence community which focuses on gathering and analysing military intelligence. GCHQ and Defence Intelligence are British intelligence agencies.

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Digital signature

A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.

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Dilly Knox

Alfred Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox, CMG (23 July 1884 – 27 February 1943) was a British classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge and a codebreaker.

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Director of GCHQ

The Director of the Government Communications Headquarters is the highest-ranking official in the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), a British intelligence agency that specialises in signals intelligence, information assurance and cryptography.

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Dissident republican

Dissident republicans (poblachtach easaontach) are Irish republicans who do not support the Northern Ireland peace process.

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Doctor Who

Doctor Who is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963.

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Donald Michie

Donald Michie (11 November 1923 – 7 July 2007) was a British researcher in artificial intelligence.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

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Duncan Campbell (journalist)

Duncan Campbell (born 1952) is a British freelance investigative journalist, author, and television producer.

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Ebury Publishing

Ebury Publishing is a division of Penguin Random House, and is a publisher of general non-fiction books in the UK.

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ECHELON

ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program (signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the five signatory states to the UKUSA Security Agreement:Given the 5 dialects that use the terms, UKUSA can be pronounced from "You-Q-SA" to "Oo-Coo-SA", AUSCANNZUKUS can be pronounced from "Oz-Can-Zuke-Us" to "Orse-Can-Zoo-Cuss".

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Edward Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is a former American NSA intelligence contractor and a whistleblower who leaked classified documents revealing the existence of global surveillance programs.

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Edward Travis

Sir Edward Wilfred Harry Travis (24 September 1888 – 23 April 1956) was a British cryptographer and intelligence officer, becoming the operational head of Bletchley Park during World War II, and later the head of GCHQ.

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Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights

The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights or EIPR (المبادرة المصرية للحقوق الشخصية) is an independent Egyptian human rights organization, established in 2002.

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Email

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving messages using electronic devices.

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Enigma machine

The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication.

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Eric Malcolm Jones

Sir Eric Malcolm Jones (27 April 1907 – 24 December 1986) was a British intelligence officer who was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ from 1952 to 1960.

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Ernst Fetterlein

Ernst Constantin Fetterlein (3 April 1873Victor Madeira, "`Because I Don't Trust Him, We are Friends': Signals Intelligence and the Reluctant Anglo-Soviet Embrace, 1917-24", Intelligence & National Security 19(1), March 2004, pp. 29–51. – June 1944Ralph Erskine, to Intelligence Forum, 11 October 2004) was a Russian cryptographer who later defected to Britain.

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European Commission of Human Rights

The European Commission of Human Rights was a special body of the Council of Europe.

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European Convention on Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.

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Far East Combined Bureau

The Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British Government Code and Cypher School, was set up in Hong Kong in March 1935, to monitor Japanese, and also Chinese and Russian (Soviet) intelligence and radio traffic. GCHQ and Far East Combined Bureau are cryptography organizations and foreign Office during World War II.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.

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Foreign Secretary

The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, also known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. GCHQ and foreign Secretary are foreign relations of the United Kingdom.

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Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is the ministry of foreign affairs and a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. GCHQ and foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office are foreign Office during World War II and foreign relations of the United Kingdom.

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Francis Richards (diplomat)

Sir Francis Neville Richards (born 1945) is a former British civil servant and diplomat who was Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar from 2003 to 2006, and the director of the Government Communications Headquarters from 1998 to 2003.

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Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention

The Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (1948) is an International Labour Organization Convention, and one of eight conventions that form the core of international labour law, as interpreted by the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

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GCHQ Bude

GCHQ Bude, also known as GCHQ Composite Signals Organisation Station Morwenstow, abbreviated to GCHQ CSO Morwenstow, is a UK Government satellite ground station and eavesdropping centre located on the north Cornwall coast at Cleave Camp, between the small villages of Morwenstow and Coombe. GCHQ and GCHQ Bude are British intelligence agencies, computer security organizations, cryptography organizations, foreign relations of the United Kingdom and signals intelligence agencies.

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GCHQ Scarborough

GCHQ Scarborough is a satellite ground station located on Irton Moor, on the outskirts of Scarborough in North Yorkshire, England, operated by the British signals intelligence service (GCHQ).

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Gensler

Gensler is a global design and architecture firm headquartered in San Francisco, California.

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Geoffrey Prime

Geoffrey Arthur Prime (born 21 February 1938) is a former British spy who worked for the Royal Air Force as well as the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

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George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston

George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925), styled The Honourable between 1858 and 1898, then known as The Lord Curzon of Kedleston between 1898 and 1911, and The Earl Curzon of Kedleston between 1911 and 1921, was a prominent British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905.

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Geraldton

Geraldton (Wajarri: Jambinu, Wilunyu: Jambinbirri) is a coastal city in the Mid West region of Western Australia, north of the state capital, Perth.

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Global Telecoms Exploitation

Global Telecoms Exploitation is reportedly a secret British telephonic mass surveillance programme run by the British signals intelligence and computer security agency, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

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Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire (abbreviated Glos.) is a ceremonial county in South West England.

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Gordon Welchman

William Gordon Welchman OBE (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1985) was a British mathematician.

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Government Communications Security Bureau

The Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) (Te Tira Tiaki) is the public-service department of New Zealand charged with promoting New Zealand's national security by collecting and analysing information of an intelligence nature. GCHQ and Government Communications Security Bureau are signals intelligence agencies.

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Government of the United Kingdom

The Government of the United Kingdom (formally His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government) is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Green Party of England and Wales

The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW; Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr; Parti Gwer Pow Sows ha Kembra; often known simply as the Green Party or the Greens) is a green, left-wing political party in England and Wales.

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Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.

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Handover of Hong Kong

The handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997.

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Hansard

Hansard is the transcripts of parliamentary debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries.

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Hawklaw Y Station

Hawklaw Y Station was a Government listening station located north of Cupar in Fife which operated between 1942 and 1988.

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Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research

The Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research is a national research institute for mathematics based at the University of Bristol.

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His Majesty's Diplomatic Service

His Majesty's Diplomatic Service (HMDS) is the diplomatic service of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, dealing with foreign affairs and representing British interests overseas, as opposed to the Home Civil Service, which deals with domestic affairs. GCHQ and His Majesty's Diplomatic Service are foreign relations of the United Kingdom.

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Home Secretary

The secretary of state for the Home Department, more commonly known as the Home Secretary, is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom and the head of the Home Office.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Hugh Foss

Hugh Rose Foss (13 May 1902 – 23 December 1971) was a British cryptanalyst.

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Hugh Sinclair

Admiral Sir Hugh Francis Paget Sinclair, (18 August 1873 – 4 November 1939), known as Quex Sinclair, was a British intelligence officer.

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Human resources

Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy.

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Human Rights Act 1998

The Human Rights Act 1998 (c. 42) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received royal assent on 9 November 1998, and came into force on 2 October 2000.

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I. J. Good

Irving John Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) was a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing.

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Iain Lobban

Sir Iain Robert Lobban (born 1960) is a former British civil servant.

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Information assurance

Information assurance (IA) is the practice of assuring information and managing risks related to the use, processing, storage, and transmission of information.

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Instagram

Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms.

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Intelligence (British TV series)

Intelligence is a British television sitcom created by Nick Mohammed and starring Mohammed and David Schwimmer.

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Intelligence agency

An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

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Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament

The Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament (ISC) is a statutory joint committee of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, appointed to oversee the work of the UK intelligence community.

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Intelligence Services Act 1994

The Intelligence Services Act 1994 (c. 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. GCHQ and Intelligence Services Act 1994 are British intelligence agencies.

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Intelligence Services Commissioner

The Intelligence Services Commissioner, was a regulatory official in the United Kingdom appointed under Section 59 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000.

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International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards.

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Internet protocol suite

The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria.

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Investigatory Powers Tribunal

The Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT) is a first-instance tribunal and superior court of record in the United Kingdom.

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IP address

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

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James Callaghan

Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff (27 March 191226 March 2005), commonly known as Jim Callaghan, was a British statesman and Labour politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1976 to 1980.

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James H. Ellis

James Henry Ellis (25 September 1924 – 25 November 1997) was a British engineer and cryptographer.

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Jeremy Fleming

Sir Jeremy Ian Fleming was the Director of the Government Communications Headquarters, the UK's intelligence, cyber and security agency.

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Joan Clarke

Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (née Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist who worked as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War.

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John Adye

Sir John Anthony Adye KCMG (born 24 October 1939) is a former Director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1989 to 1996.

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John Tiltman

Brigadier John Hessell Tiltman, (25 May 1894 – 10 August 1982) was a British Army officer who worked in intelligence, often at or with the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) starting in the 1920s.

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Joint Operations Cell

Joint Operations Cell is a unit of GCHQ, a British signals intelligence agency, and the National Crime Agency (NCA), a United Kingdom national law enforcement agency.

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Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group

The Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) is a unit of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the British intelligence agency.

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Jonathan Aitken

Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942) is a British author, Church of England priest and former Conservative Party politician.

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Josh Cooper (cryptographer)

Joshua Edward Synge ('Josh') Cooper CB, CMG (3 April 1901 in Fulham, London – 24 June 1981 in Buckinghamshire) was an English cryptographer.

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Judicial review

Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.

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Justice and Security Act 2013

The Justice and Security Act 2013 (c. 18) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, firstly to provide for oversight of the Security Service (MI5), the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and other parts of the UK intelligence community, on intelligence or security matters; secondly to provide for the establishment of closed material procedures (CMP) in relation to certain civil proceedings; and thirdly to prevent the making of court orders for the disclosure of what the government deems to be sensitive information.

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Karma Police (surveillance programme)

Karma Police (usually capitalised as KARMA POLICE) is the code name for an Internet mass surveillance and data collection programme operated by the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

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Katharine Gun

Katharine Teresa Gun (née Harwood; born 1974) is a British linguist who worked as a translator for the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

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Kenneth Noye

Kenneth James Noye (born 24 May 1947) is an English criminal.

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Kevin Tebbit

Sir Kevin Reginald Tebbit (born 18 October 1946)"TEBBIT, Sir Kevin Reginald (1946 -)", Debrett's People of Today, 2004 is a former British civil servant.

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Keystroke logging

Keystroke logging, often referred to as keylogging or keyboard capturing, is the action of recording (logging) the keys struck on a keyboard, typically covertly, so that a person using the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored.

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KGB

The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.

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Kilindini Harbour

Kilindini Harbour is a large, natural deep-water inlet extending inland from Mombasa, Kenya.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

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Legal Resources Centre

The Legal Resources Centre (LRC) is a human rights organisation based in South Africa with offices in Johannesburg (including a Constitutional Litigation Unit), Cape Town, Durban and Grahamstown.

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Leonard Hooper

Sir Leonard James (Joe) Hooper (23 July 1914 – 19 February 1994) was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1965 to 1973.

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Links between Trump associates and Russian officials

Since Donald Trump was a 2016 candidate for the office of President of the United States, myriad suspicious links between Trump associates and Russian officials have been discovered by the FBI, Special counsel, and several United States congressional committees, as part of their investigations into the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

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Lorenz cipher

The Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II.

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Mansfield College, Oxford

Mansfield College, Oxford is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Mark Hosenball

Mark Hosenball is an American national security correspondent and investigative reporter at Reuters.

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Mass surveillance

Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens.

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Mastering the Internet

Mastering the Internet (MTI) is a mass surveillance project led by the British communications intelligence agency Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) budgeted at over £1 billion.

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Max Newman

Maxwell Herman Alexander Newman, FRS (7 February 1897 – 22 February 1984), generally known as Max Newman, was a British mathematician and codebreaker.

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MI1

MI1 or British Military Intelligence, Section 1 was a department of the British Directorate of Military Intelligence, part of the War Office. GCHQ and MI1 are cryptography organizations.

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MI5

MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), officially the Security Service, is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and Defence Intelligence (DI). GCHQ and MI5 are British intelligence agencies.

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MI6

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence on foreign nationals in support of its Five Eyes partners. GCHQ and MI6 are British intelligence agencies and foreign Office during World War II.

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Michael Quinlan (civil servant)

Sir Michael Edward Quinlan, GCB (11 August 1930 – 26 February 2009) was a former British defence strategist and former Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence, who wrote and lectured on defence and matters of international security, especially nuclear weapon policies and doctrine, and also on concepts of 'Just War' and related ethical issues.

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Milton Keynes

Milton Keynes is a city in Buckinghamshire, England, about north-west of London.

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Minister for the Civil Service

In the Government of the United Kingdom, the Minister for the Civil Service is responsible for regulations regarding His Majesty's Civil Service, the role of which is to assist the governments of the United Kingdom in formulating and implementing policies.

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Mombasa

Mombasa is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean.

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National Cyber Security Centre (United Kingdom)

The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) is an organisation of the United Kingdom Government that provides advice and support for the public and private sector in how to avoid computer security threats. GCHQ and National Cyber Security Centre (United Kingdom) are computer security organizations.

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The National Protective Security Authority (NPSA) is the national technical authority in the United Kingdom for physical and personnel protective security, maintaining expertise in counter terrorism as well as state threats.

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National security

National security, or national defence (national defense in American English), is the security and defence of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government.

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National Security Agency

The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). GCHQ and National Security Agency are computer security organizations, cryptography organizations and signals intelligence agencies.

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Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)

The Naval Intelligence Division (NID) was created as a component part of the Admiralty War Staff in 1912.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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Number theory

Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.

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Oakley, Gloucestershire

Oakley is a district of Cheltenham in Gloucestershire, England.

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Oliver Strachey

Oliver Strachey CBE (3 November 1874 – 14 May 1960), a British civil servant in the Foreign Office, was a cryptographer from World War I to World War II.

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Oman

Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.

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Operation Socialist is the code name given by the British signals and communications agency Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) to an operation in which GCHQ successfully breached the infrastructure of the Belgian telecommunications company Belgacom between 2010 and 2013.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.

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Party conference

The terms party conference (UK English), political convention (US and Canadian English), and party congress usually refer to a general meeting of a political party.

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Permanent secretary (UK)

A permanent under-secretary of state, known informally as a permanent secretary, is the most senior civil servant of a ministry in the United Kingdom, charged with running the department on a day-to-day basis.

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Peter Calvocoressi

Peter John Ambrose Calvocoressi (17 November 1912 – 5 February 2010) was a British lawyer, Liberal politician, historian, and publisher.

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Peter Marychurch

Sir Peter Harvey Marychurch (13 June 1927 – 21 May 2017) was Director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1983 to 1989.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom.

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The Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards (or the Intelligence Agencies Awards) are awards given annually by the Prince of Wales to members of the three intelligence agencies, MI5, Secret Intelligence Service, and GCHQ, of the United Kingdom. GCHQ and Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards are British intelligence agencies.

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PRISM

PRISM is a code name for a program under which the United States National Security Agency (NSA) collects internet communications from various U.S. internet companies.

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Public and Commercial Services Union

The Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS) is the eighth largest trade union in the United Kingdom.

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Public key infrastructure

A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.

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Public-key cryptography

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys.

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Radio Times

Radio Times (currently styled as RadioTimes) is a British weekly listings magazine devoted to television and radio programme schedules, with other features such as interviews, film reviews and lifestyle items.

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RAF Culmhead

Royal Air Force Culmhead or more simply RAF Culmhead is a former Royal Air Force station, situated at Churchstanton on the Blackdown Hills in Somerset, England.

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RAF Digby

Royal Air Force Digby otherwise known as RAF Digby is a Royal Air Force station located near Scopwick and south east of Lincoln, in Lincolnshire, England.

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RAF Eastcote

RAF Eastcote, also known over time as RAF Lime Grove, HMS Pembroke V and Outstation Eastcote, was a UK Ministry of Defence site in Eastcote, Middlesex.

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RAF Habbaniya

Royal Air Force Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya (قاعدة الحبانية الجوية), (originally RAF Dhibban), was a Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah.

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RAF Intelligence

Intelligence services in the Royal Air Force are delivered by Officers of the Royal Air Force Intelligence Branch and Airmen from the Intelligence Analyst Trade and Intelligence Analyst (Voice) Trade.

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RAF Little Sai Wan

RAF Little Sai Wan was a signals intelligence station in the Siu Sai Wan area of Hong Kong.

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RAF Menwith Hill

Royal Air Force Menwith Hill (RAF Menwith Hill) is a Royal Air Force station near Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, which provides communications and intelligence support services to the United Kingdom and the United States.

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Real Irish Republican Army

The Real Irish Republican Army, or Real IRA (RIRA), was a dissident Irish republican paramilitary group that aimed to bring about a United Ireland.

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Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23) (RIP or RIPA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, regulating the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communications.

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Resolution (Doctor Who)

"Resolution" is an episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who.

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Robert Hannigan

Robert Peter Hannigan CMG (born 1965) is a cybersecurity specialist who has been Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, since 2021.

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Room 40

Room 40, also known as 40 O.B. (old building; officially part of NID25), was the cryptanalysis section of the British Admiralty during the First World War. GCHQ and Room 40 are cryptography organizations.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Royal prerogative

The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity recognized in common law (and sometimes in civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy) as belonging to the sovereign, and which have become widely vested in the government.

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RSA (cryptosystem)

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission.

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Screen Rant

Screen Rant is an entertainment website that offers news in the fields of television, films, video games, and film theories.

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Sean Spicer

Sean Michael Spicer (born September 23, 1971) is an American former political aide who served as the 30th White House Press Secretary and as White House Communications Director under President Donald Trump in 2017.

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Secretary of State (United Kingdom)

His Majesty's principal secretaries of state, or secretaries of state, are senior ministers of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Security agency

A security agency is a governmental organization that conducts intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation.

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Seeb

Al-Seeb, As Seeb or As Sib (As-Sīb) is a coastal fishing province, located several kilometres northwest of Muscat, in northeastern Oman.

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Signals intelligence

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).

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Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries

Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries comprises signals intelligence (SIGINT) gathering activities by national and non-national entities; these entities are commonly responsible for communications security (COMSEC) as well.

See GCHQ and Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries

Sky One

Sky One was a British pay television channel operated and owned by Sky Group (a division of Comcast).

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St James's Palace

St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in London, the capital of the United Kingdom.

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St James's Park

St James's Park is a urban park in the City of Westminster, central London.

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Stanley Baldwin

Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars.

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.

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Tempora

Tempora is the codeword for a formerly-secret computer system that is used by the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

See GCHQ and Tempora

The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Doughnut

The Doughnut is the nickname given (due to its resemblance to a doughnut) to the headquarters of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), a British cryptography and intelligence agency.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See GCHQ and The Guardian

The Imitation Game

The Imitation Game is a 2014 American period biographical thriller film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges.

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The Intercept

The Intercept is an American left-wing nonprofit news organization that publishes articles and podcasts online.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The Register

The Register is a British technology news website co-founded in 1994 by Mike Magee and John Lettice.

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The Sunday Telegraph

The Sunday Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, first published on 5 February 1961 and published by the Telegraph Media Group, a division of Press Holdings.

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The Undeclared War

The Undeclared War is a British near-future thriller television mini-series, aired from 30 June 2022 on Channel 4.

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Theresa May

Theresa Mary, Lady May (born 1 October 1956) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019.

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Time Out (magazine)

Time Out is a global magazine published by Time Out Group.

See GCHQ and Time Out (magazine)

Transport Layer Security

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network.

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The United Kingdom has a diverse cyber security community, interconnected in a complex network. GCHQ and UK cyber security community are computer security organizations.

See GCHQ and UK cyber security community

UKUSA Agreement

The United Kingdom – United States of America Agreement (UKUSA) is a multilateral agreement for cooperation in signals intelligence between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. GCHQ and UKUSA Agreement are signals intelligence agencies.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United States Army Services of Supply

The Services of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No.

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University of Bristol

The University of Bristol is a red brick Russell Group research university in Bristol, England.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Upstream collection

Upstream collection is a term used by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States for intercepting telephone and Internet traffic from the Internet backbone, meaning major Internet cables and switches, both domestic and foreign.

See GCHQ and Upstream collection

Violent non-state actor

In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals.

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W. T. Tutte

William Thomas Tutte (14 May 1917 – 2 May 2002) was an English and Canadian code breaker and mathematician.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western third of the land area of the Australian continent.

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Wilson Doctrine

The Wilson Doctrine is a convention in the United Kingdom that restricts the police and intelligence services from tapping the telephones of members of the House of Commons and House of Lords.

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Wireless Experimental Centre

The Wireless Experimental Centre (WEC) was one of two overseas outposts of Station X, Bletchley Park, the British signals analysis centre during World War II. GCHQ and Wireless Experimental Centre are cryptography organizations.

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Woodhead Hall

Woodhead Hall is a country house at Cheadle in Staffordshire.

See GCHQ and Woodhead Hall

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yugoslav Wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.

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Zircon (satellite)

Zircon was the codename for a British signals intelligence satellite, designed to intercept radio and other signals from the USSR, Europe and other areas.

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1926 United Kingdom general strike

The 1926 General Strike in the United Kingdom was a general strike that lasted nine days, from 4 to 12 May 1926.

See GCHQ and 1926 United Kingdom general strike

1943 BRUSA Agreement

The 1943 BRUSA Agreement (Britain–United States of America agreement) was an agreement between the British and US governments to facilitate co-operation between the US War Department and the British Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS).

See GCHQ and 1943 BRUSA Agreement

2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War.

See GCHQ and 2003 invasion of Iraq

2009 G20 London summit

The 2009 G20 London Summit was the second meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state, which was held in London on 2 April 2009 at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre to discuss financial markets and the world economy.

See GCHQ and 2009 G20 London summit

2010s global surveillance disclosures

During the 2010s, international media reports revealed new operational details about the Anglophone cryptographic agencies' global surveillance of both foreign and domestic nationals.

See GCHQ and 2010s global surveillance disclosures

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCHQ

Also known as Communications-Electronics Security Group, Composite Signals Organisation, CyberChef, G. C. HQ, G. C. Hq., GC&CS, GCHQ Certified Training, General Central Headquarters, Government Code & Cypher School, Government Code and Cipher School, Government Code and Cypher School, Government Communication Headquarters, Government Communications HQ, Government Communications Headquarters, Government's Communication Headquarters, Joint Technical Language Service, London Communications Security Agency, London Communications-Electronic Security Agency.

, Conservative Party (UK), Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service, Crown copyright, Cryptanalysis, Cryptography, Cuban Missile Crisis, Cybercrime, Dalek, David Lammy, David Omand, David Pepper (intelligence official), David Schwimmer, Declassification, Defence Intelligence, Digital signature, Dilly Knox, Director of GCHQ, Dissident republican, Doctor Who, Donald Michie, Donald Trump, Duncan Campbell (journalist), Ebury Publishing, ECHELON, Edward Snowden, Edward Travis, Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, Email, Enigma machine, Eric Malcolm Jones, Ernst Fetterlein, European Commission of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Far East Combined Bureau, Financial Times, Foreign Secretary, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Francis Richards (diplomat), Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, GCHQ Bude, GCHQ Scarborough, Gensler, Geoffrey Prime, George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Geraldton, Global Telecoms Exploitation, Gloucestershire, Gordon Welchman, Government Communications Security Bureau, Government of the United Kingdom, Green Party of England and Wales, Gulf War, Handover of Hong Kong, Hansard, Hawklaw Y Station, Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research, His Majesty's Diplomatic Service, Home Secretary, Hong Kong, Hugh Foss, Hugh Sinclair, Human resources, Human Rights Act 1998, I. J. Good, Iain Lobban, Information assurance, Instagram, Intelligence (British TV series), Intelligence agency, Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, Intelligence Services Act 1994, Intelligence Services Commissioner, International Labour Organization, Internet protocol suite, Investigatory Powers Tribunal, IP address, James Callaghan, James H. Ellis, Jeremy Fleming, Joan Clarke, John Adye, John Tiltman, Joint Operations Cell, Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group, Jonathan Aitken, Josh Cooper (cryptographer), Judicial review, Justice and Security Act 2013, Karma Police (surveillance programme), Katharine Gun, Kenneth Noye, Kevin Tebbit, Keystroke logging, KGB, Kilindini Harbour, Labour Party (UK), Legal Resources Centre, Leonard Hooper, Links between Trump associates and Russian officials, Lorenz cipher, Mansfield College, Oxford, Margaret Thatcher, Mark Hosenball, Mass surveillance, Mastering the Internet, Max Newman, MI1, MI5, MI6, Michael Quinlan (civil servant), Milton Keynes, Minister for the Civil Service, Mombasa, National Cyber Security Centre (United Kingdom), National Protective Security Authority, National security, National Security Agency, Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom), NBC News, Number theory, Oakley, Gloucestershire, Oliver Strachey, Oman, Operation Socialist, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Party conference, Permanent secretary (UK), Peter Calvocoressi, Peter Marychurch, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards, PRISM, Public and Commercial Services Union, Public key infrastructure, Public-key cryptography, Radio Times, RAF Culmhead, RAF Digby, RAF Eastcote, RAF Habbaniya, RAF Intelligence, RAF Little Sai Wan, RAF Menwith Hill, Real Irish Republican Army, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Resolution (Doctor Who), Robert Hannigan, Room 40, Royal Navy, Royal prerogative, RSA (cryptosystem), Screen Rant, Sean Spicer, Secretary of State (United Kingdom), Security agency, Seeb, Signals intelligence, Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries, Sky One, St James's Palace, St James's Park, Stanley Baldwin, Suez Crisis, Tempora, The Daily Telegraph, The Doughnut, The Guardian, The Imitation Game, The Intercept, The Observer, The Register, The Sunday Telegraph, The Undeclared War, Theresa May, Time Out (magazine), Transport Layer Security, UK cyber security community, UKUSA Agreement, United Kingdom, United States Army Services of Supply, University of Bristol, University of Oxford, Upstream collection, Violent non-state actor, W. T. Tutte, Western Australia, Wilson Doctrine, Wireless Experimental Centre, Woodhead Hall, World War I, World War II, Yugoslav Wars, Zircon (satellite), 1926 United Kingdom general strike, 1943 BRUSA Agreement, 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2009 G20 London summit, 2010s global surveillance disclosures.

GCHQ, the Glossary

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