Hand axe, the Glossary
A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history.[1]
Table of Contents
214 relations: Abbevillian, Acheulean, Adjective, Adze, Almond, Amiens, Amotz Zahavi, Amulet, André Leroi-Gourhan, Antiquarian, Antler, Arrondissement of Abbeville, Arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda, Aterian, Axe, Axial symmetry, Baise, Beestonian stage, Before Present, Bone marrow, Bordeaux, Boulder, Bowerbird, Boxgrove, Bulb of applied force, Caddington, Camille Arambourg, Cenomanian, Chaîne opératoire, Chalcolithic, Chert, Chopping tool, Chronology, Clacton-on-Sea, Cleaver, Communes of France, Compass rose, Conchoidal fracture, Cortex (archaeology), Cromerian Stage, Cross section (geometry), Cuba, Debitage, Degree (angle), Denticulate tool, Disk (mathematics), Dordogne, Drill, Dutch language, Economy, ... Expand index (164 more) »
- Primitive weapons
- Stone objects
Abbevillian
Abbevillian (formerly also Chellean) is a term for the oldest lithic industry found in Europe, dated to between roughly 600,000 and 400,000 years ago.
Acheulean
Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
Adze
An adze or adz is an ancient and versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel. Hand axe and adze are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Almond
The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus.
Amiens
Amiens (English: or;; Anmien, Anmiens or Anmyin) is a city and commune in northern France, located north of Paris and south-west of Lille.
Amotz Zahavi
Amotz Zahavi (אמוץ זהבי) (August 14, 1928 – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel.
Amulet
An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor.
André Leroi-Gourhan
André Leroi-Gourhan (25 August 1911 – 19 February 1986) was a French archaeologist, paleontologist, paleoanthropologist, and anthropologist with an interest in technology and aesthetics and a penchant for philosophical reflection.
See Hand axe and André Leroi-Gourhan
Antiquarian
An antiquarian or antiquary is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.
Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family.
Arrondissement of Abbeville
The arrondissement of Abbeville is an arrondissement in the Somme department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
See Hand axe and Arrondissement of Abbeville
Arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda
The arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda is an arrondissement in France in the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
See Hand axe and Arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda
Aterian
The Aterian is a Middle Stone Age (or Middle Palaeolithic) stone tool industry centered in North Africa, from Mauritania to Egypt, but also possibly found in Oman and the Thar Desert.
Axe
An axe (sometimes ax in American English; see spelling differences) is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split, and cut wood, to harvest timber, as a weapon, and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. Hand axe and axe are axes.
See Hand axe and Axe
Axial symmetry
Axial symmetry is symmetry around an axis; an object is axially symmetric if its appearance is unchanged if rotated around an axis.
See Hand axe and Axial symmetry
Baise
Baise (local pronunciation), or Bose, is the westernmost prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China bordering Vietnam as well as the provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan.
Beestonian stage
The Beestonian Stage is an early Pleistocene stage in the geological history of the British Isles.
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Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s.
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Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.
Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Bordèu; Bordele) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, southwestern France.
Boulder
In geology, a boulder (or rarely bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than in diameter.
Bowerbird
Bowerbirds make up the bird family Ptilonorhynchidae.
Boxgrove
Boxgrove is a village, ecclesiastical parish and civil parish in the Chichester District of the English county of West Sussex, about north east of the city of Chichester.
Bulb of applied force
In lithic analysis, a subdivision of archaeology, a bulb of applied force (also known as a bulb of percussion or simply bulb of force) is a defining characteristic of a lithic flake. Hand axe and bulb of applied force are lithics.
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Caddington
Caddington is a village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England.
Camille Arambourg
Camille Arambourg (February 3, 1885– November 19, 1969) was a French vertebrate paleontologist.
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Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series.
Chaîne opératoire
Chaîne opératoire is a term used throughout anthropological discourse, but is most commonly used in archaeology and sociocultural anthropology.
See Hand axe and Chaîne opératoire
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
Chert
Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Hand axe and Chert are lithics.
In archaeology a chopping tool is a stone tool. Hand axe and chopping tool are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
See Hand axe and Chopping tool
Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, "time"; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time.
Clacton-on-Sea
Clacton-on-Sea, often simply called Clacton, is a seaside town and resort in the county of Essex, on the east coast of England.
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Cleaver
A cleaver is a large knife that varies in its shape but usually resembles a rectangular-bladed hatchet.
Communes of France
The is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.
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Compass rose
A compass rose, sometimes called a wind rose, rose of the winds or compass star, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart, or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) and their intermediate points.
Conchoidal fracture
A conchoidal fracture is a break or fracture of a brittle material that does not follow any natural planes of separation. Hand axe and conchoidal fracture are lithics.
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Cortex (archaeology)
In lithic analysis in archaeology, the cortex is the outer layer of rock formed on the exterior of raw materials by chemical and mechanical weathering processes. Hand axe and cortex (archaeology) are lithics.
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Cromerian Stage
The Cromerian Stage or Cromerian Complex, also called the Cromerian (Cromerium), is a stage in the Pleistocene glacial history of north-western Europe, mostly occurring more than half a million years ago.
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Cross section (geometry)
In geometry and science, a cross section is the non-empty intersection of a solid body in three-dimensional space with a plane, or the analog in higher-dimensional spaces.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.
Debitage
In archaeology, debitage is all the material produced during the process of lithic reduction – the production of stone tools and weapons by knapping stone. Hand axe and debitage are lithics.
Degree (angle)
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.
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In archaeology, a denticulate tool is a stone tool containing one or more edges that are worked into multiple notched shapes (or teeth), much like the toothed edge of a saw. Hand axe and denticulate tool are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
See Hand axe and Denticulate tool
Disk (mathematics)
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc).
See Hand axe and Disk (mathematics)
Dordogne
Dordogne (or;; Dordonha) is a large rural department in south west France, with its prefecture in Périgueux.
Drill
A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners.
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
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Economy
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.
El País
() is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain.
Electron microscope
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination.
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Ellipse
In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors or human factors engineering (HFE), is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems.
Excalibur
Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur that may possess magical powers or be associated with the rightful sovereignty of Britain.
Fire making
Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire.
Fitness (biology)
Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success.
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Flatfish
A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes.
Flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Hand axe and flint are lithics.
Fluvial terrace
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world.
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François Bordes
François Bordes (December 30, 1919 – April 30, 1981), also known by the pen name of Francis Carsac, was a French scientist, geologist, archaeologist, and science fiction writer.
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France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Gabriel de Mortillet
Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet (29 August 1821 – 25 September 1898), French archaeologist and anthropologist, was born at Meylan, Isère.
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Gallo-Roman Museum, Tongeren
The Gallo-Roman Museum (Gallo-Romeins Museum, Musée Gallo-romain, Gallo-Römisches Museum) is an archeological museum in Tongeren.
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Geoffrey Miller (psychologist)
Geoffrey Franklin Miller (born 1965) is an American evolutionary psychologist, author, and associate professor of psychology at the University of New Mexico.
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Geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
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Gona, Ethiopia
Gona is a paleoanthropological research area in Ethiopia's Afar Region.
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Goniometer
A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position.
Grahame Clark
Sir John Grahame Douglas Clark (28 July 1907 – 12 September 1995), who often published as J. G. D. Clark, was a British archaeologist who specialised in the study of Mesolithic Europe and palaeoeconomics.
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Gravettian
The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP.
H. G. Wells
Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer.
Hafting
Hafting is a process by which an artifact, often made of bone, stone, or metal is attached to a haft (handle or strap).
Hallam L. Movius
Hallam Leonard Movius (November 28, 1907 – May 30, 1987) was an American archaeologist most famous for his work on the Palaeolithic period.
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Hammerstone
In archaeology, a hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. Hand axe and hammerstone are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Handicap principle
The handicap principle is a disputed hypothesis proposed by the Israeli biologist Amotz Zahavi in 1975.
See Hand axe and Handicap principle
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals.
Henri Breuil
Henri Édouard Prosper Breuil (28 February 1877 – 14 August 1961), often referred to as Abbé Breuil, was a French Catholic priest, archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and geologist.
Hoabinhian
The Hoabinhian is a lithic techno-complex of archaeological sites associated with assemblages in Southeast Asia from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene, dated to –2000 BCE.
Hominidae
The Hominidae, whose members are known as the great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') remain.
Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago.
Homo ergaster
Homo ergaster is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Africa in the Early Pleistocene.
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Homo heidelbergensis
Homo heidelbergensis (also H. erectus heidelbergensis, H. sapiens heidelbergensis) is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human which existed during the Middle Pleistocene.
See Hand axe and Homo heidelbergensis
Hoxne
Hoxne is a village in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England, about five miles (8 km) east-southeast of Diss, Norfolk and south of the River Waveney.
Human
Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.
Human history
Human history is the development of humankind from prehistory to the present.
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Ideal (ethics)
An ideal is a principle or value that one actively pursues as a goal, usually in the context of ethics, and one's prioritization of ideals can serve to indicate the extent of one's dedication to each.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Industry (archaeology)
In the archaeology of the Stone Age, an industry or technocomplex is a typological classification of stone tools.
See Hand axe and Industry (archaeology)
Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective.
Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes
Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes (10 September 1788 – 5 August 1868), sometimes referred to as Boucher de Perthes, was a French archaeologist and antiquary notable for his discovery, in about 1830, of flint tools in the gravels of the Somme valley.
See Hand axe and Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes
Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia.
Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon.
Johann Peter Eckermann
Johann Peter Eckermann (21 September 1792 – 3 December 1854), German poet and author, is best known for his work Conversations with Goethe, the fruit of his association with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe during the last years of Goethe's life.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.
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John Frere
John Frere (10 August 1740 – 12 July 1807) was an English antiquary and a pioneering discoverer of Old Stone Age or Lower Palaeolithic tools in association with large extinct animals at Hoxne, Suffolk in 1797.
Journal of Human Evolution
The Journal of Human Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution.
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Kansan glaciation
The Kansan glaciation or Kansan glacial (see Pre-Illinoian) was a glacial stage and part of an early conceptual climatic and chronological framework composed of four glacial and interglacial stages.
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Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.
Knapping
Knapping is the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian, or other conchoidal fracturing stone through the process of lithic reduction to manufacture stone tools, strikers for flintlock firearms, or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls, and flushwork decoration. Hand axe and Knapping are lithics.
Lance
The English term lance is derived, via Middle English launce and Old French lance, from the Latin lancea, a generic term meaning a spear or javelin employed by both infantry and cavalry, with English initially keeping these generic meanings.
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
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Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves.
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Learning curve
A learning curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between how proficient people are at a task and the amount of experience they have.
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Length
Length is a measure of distance.
Levallois technique
The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 300,000 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. Hand axe and Levallois technique are lithics.
See Hand axe and Levallois technique
Lightning strike
A lightning strike or lightning bolt is a lightning event in which the electric discharge takes place between the atmosphere and the ground.
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Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature, an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light.
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Lithic core
In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction. Hand axe and lithic core are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Lithic flake
In archaeology, a lithic flake is a "portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure,"Andrefsky, W. (2005) Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. Hand axe and lithic flake are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Lithic reduction
In archaeology, in particular of the Stone Age, lithic reduction is the process of fashioning stones or rocks from their natural state into tools or weapons by removing some parts. Hand axe and lithic reduction are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
See Hand axe and Lithic reduction
Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Hand axe and Lower Paleolithic are Paleolithic.
See Hand axe and Lower Paleolithic
Lupemban culture
The Lupemban is the name given by archaeologists to a central African culture which, though once thought to date between c. 30,000 and 12,000 BC, is now generally recognised to be far older (dates of c. 300,000 have been obtained from Twin Rivers, Zambia and Muguruk, Kenya, respectively).
See Hand axe and Lupemban culture
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.
Magdalenian
The Magdalenian cultures (also Madelenian; French: Magdalénien) are later cultures of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic in western Europe.
Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia (also known Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia.
See Hand axe and Mainland Southeast Asia
Marek Kohn
Marek Kohn is a British science writer on evolution, biology and society.
Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt.
Mary Leakey
Mary Douglas Leakey, FBA (née Nicol, 6 February 1913 – 9 December 1996) was a British paleoanthropologist who discovered the first fossilised Proconsul skull, an extinct ape which is now believed to be ancestral to humans.
Megalodon
Otodus megalodon (meaning "big tooth"), commonly known as megalodon, is an extinct species of giant mackerel shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago (Mya), from the Early Miocene to the Pliocene epochs.
Meridian (geography)
In geography and geodesy, a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude, which is the angle (in degrees or other units) east or west of a given prime meridian (currently, the IERS Reference Meridian).
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Micoquien
The Micoquien is an early Middle Paleolithic industry, that is found in the Eemian and in an early episode of the Würm glaciation (about 130,000 to 60,000 BCE).
Middle Paleolithic
The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. Hand axe and Middle Paleolithic are Paleolithic.
See Hand axe and Middle Paleolithic
Million years ago
Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds.
See Hand axe and Million years ago
Mohs scale
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
Moldavian Plateau
The Moldavian Plateau (Podișul Moldovei) is a geographic area of the historical region of Moldavia, spanning nowadays the east and northeast of Romania, most of Moldova (except the south), and most of the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine (where it is known as the Pokuttyan-Bessarabian Upland).
See Hand axe and Moldavian Plateau
Mousterian
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and to the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia.
Movius Line
The Movius Line is a theoretical line drawn across northern India first proposed by the American archaeologist Hallam L. Movius in 1948 to demonstrate a technological difference between the early prehistoric tool technologies of the east and west of the Old World.
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
New Guinea
New Guinea (Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Papua, fossilized Nugini, or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of.
Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas.
Obsidian
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. Hand axe and Obsidian are lithics.
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe after 1493, when Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas.
Oldowan
The Oldowan (or Mode I) was a widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory.
Olduvai Gorge
The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.
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Olorgesailie
Olorgesailie is a geological formation in East Africa, on the floor of the Eastern Rift Valley in southern Kenya, southwest of Nairobi along the road to Lake Magadi.
Ordos culture
The Ordos culture was a material culture occupying a region centered on the Ordos Loop (corresponding to the region of Suiyuan, including Baotou to the north, all located in modern Inner Mongolia, China) during the Bronze and early Iron Age from c. 800 BCE to 150 BCE.
See Hand axe and Ordos culture
Oval
An oval is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg.
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
Périgord
Périgord (Peiregòrd or Perigòrd) is a natural region and former province of France, which corresponds roughly to the current Dordogne department, now forming the northern part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Pebble
A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of based on the Udden-Wentworth scale of sedimentology.
Peking Man
Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis) is a subspecies of H. erectus which inhabited the Zhoukoudian cave site in modern northern China during the Chibanian.
Pentagon
In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon.
Percussion instrument
A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument.
See Hand axe and Percussion instrument
Phonolite
Phonolite is an uncommon shallow intrusive or extrusive rock, of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic, with texture ranging from aphanitic (fine-grained) to porphyritic (mixed fine- and coarse-grained).
Physical quantity
A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement.
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Phytolith
Phytoliths (from Greek, "plant stone") are rigid, microscopic structures made of silica, found in some plant tissues and persisting after the decay of the plant.
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
Polygon
In geometry, a polygon is a plane figure made up of line segments connected to form a closed polygonal chain.
Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Projectile point
In archaeological terminology, a projectile point is an object that was hafted to a weapon that was capable of being thrown or projected, such as a javelin, dart, or arrow. Hand axe and projectile point are archaeological artefact types, lithics and Primitive weapons.
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Property (philosophy)
In logic and philosophy (especially metaphysics), a property is a characteristic of an object; a red object is said to have the property of redness.
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Prototype
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.
Province of Salamanca
Salamanca is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León).
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Province of Soria
Soria is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
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Pyrite
The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS2 (iron (II) disulfide).
Quadrilateral
In geometry a quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, having four edges (sides) and four corners (vertices).
See Hand axe and Quadrilateral
Quarry
A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground.
Quartz
Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).
Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.
Racloir
In archaeology, a racloir, also known as racloirs sur talon (French for scraper on heel), is a certain type of flint tool made by prehistoric peoples. Hand axe and racloir are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Raw material
A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products.
Retouch (lithics)
Retouch is the act of producing scars on a stone flake after the ventral surface has been created. Hand axe and Retouch (lithics) are lithics.
See Hand axe and Retouch (lithics)
Rhomboid
Traditionally, in two-dimensional geometry, a rhomboid is a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and angles are non-right angled.
Rhombus
In plane Euclidean geometry, a rhombus (rhombi or rhombuses) is a quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length.
Rhyolite
Rhyolite is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks.
Riss glaciation
The Riss glaciation, Riss Glaciation, Riss ice age, Riss Ice Age, Riss glacial or Riss Glacial (Riß-Kaltzeit, Riß-Glazial, Riß-Komplex or (obsolete) Riß-Eiszeit) is the second youngest glaciation of the Pleistocene epoch in the traditional, quadripartite glacial classification of the Alps.
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Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.
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S
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
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Sagua La Grande
Sagua la Grande (nicknamed La Villa del Undoso, sometimes shortened in Sagua) is a municipality located on the north coast of the province of Villa Clara in central Cuba, on the Sagua la Grande River.
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Scientific modelling
Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.
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Scraper (archaeology)
In prehistoric archaeology, scrapers are unifacial tools thought to have been used for hideworking and woodworking. Hand axe and scraper (archaeology) are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
See Hand axe and Scraper (archaeology)
Sepik
The Sepik is the longest river on the island of New Guinea, and the second largest in Oceania by discharge volume after the Fly River. The majority of the river flows through the Papua New Guinea (PNG) provinces of Sandaun (formerly West Sepik) and East Sepik, with a small section flowing through the Indonesian province of Papua.
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
See Hand axe and Sexual selection
Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula, where.
Solutrean
The Solutrean industry is a relatively advanced flint tool-making style of the Upper Paleolithic of the Final Gravettian, from around 22,000 to 17,000 BP.
Somme (department)
Somme (Sonme) is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river.
See Hand axe and Somme (department)
Somme (river)
The Somme is a river in Picardy, northern France.
See Hand axe and Somme (river)
Stadial and interstadial
Stadials and interstadials are phases dividing the Quaternary period, or the last 2.6 million years.
See Hand axe and Stadial and interstadial
Steven Mithen
Steven Mithen, (born 16 October 1960) is an archaeologist.
See Hand axe and Steven Mithen
Stillbay
The Stillbay or Still Bay industry was named by archaeologists A. J. H. Goodwin and C. van Riet Lowe in 1929, and is a Middle Stone Age stone tool manufacturing style after the site of Stilbaai (also called Still Bay) in South Africa where it was first described.
Stone tools have been used throughout human history but are most closely associated with prehistoric cultures and in particular those of the Stone Age. Hand axe and Stone tool are archaeological artefact types, lithics and stone objects.
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).
Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.
Swiss Army knife
The Swiss Army knife (SAK; Schweizer Taschenmesser, Sackmesser, Hegel, etc.) is a pocketknife, generally multi-tooled, now manufactured by Victorinox.
See Hand axe and Swiss Army knife
Symmetry
Symmetry in everyday life refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.
Symmetry in biology
Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
See Hand axe and Symmetry in biology
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
Terminus post quem
A terminus post quem ('limit after which', sometimes abbreviated TPQ) and terminus ante quem ('limit before which', abbreviated TAQ) specify the known limits of dating for events or items.
See Hand axe and Terminus post quem
The Korea Herald
The Korea Herald (코리아헤럴드) is a leading English-language daily newspaper founded in August 1953 and published in Seoul, South Korea.
See Hand axe and The Korea Herald
Three-dimensional space
In geometry, a three-dimensional space (3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a mathematical space in which three values (coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point.
See Hand axe and Three-dimensional space
Thunderstone (folklore)
A thunderstone is a prehistoric hand axe, stone tool, or fossil which was used as an amulet to protect a person or a building. Hand axe and thunderstone (folklore) are axes and lithics.
See Hand axe and Thunderstone (folklore)
A tool is an object that can extend an individual's ability to modify features of the surrounding environment or help them accomplish a particular task.
In archaeology, a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools, or tools that use stone as raw material. Hand axe and tool stone are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Torralba and Ambrona (archaeological site)
Torralba and Ambrona (Province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain) are two paleontological and archaeological sites that correspond to various fossiliferous levels with Acheulean lithic industry (Lower Paleolithic) associated, at least about 350,000 years old (Ionian, Middle Pleistocene).
See Hand axe and Torralba and Ambrona (archaeological site)
Toughness
In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
Tranchet axe
A tranchet axe is a lithic tool made by removing a flake, known, when using this method, as a tranchet flake, parallel to the final intended cutting edge of the tool which creates a single straight edge as wide as the tool itself. Hand axe and tranchet axe are lithics.
Trapezoid
In geometry, a trapezoid in North American English, or trapezium in British English, is a quadrilateral that has one pair of parallel sides.
Triangle
A triangle is a polygon with three corners and three sides, one of the basic shapes in geometry.
Trihedral Neolithic
Trihedral Neolithic is a name given by archaeologists to a style (or industry) of striking spheroid and trihedral flint tools from the archaeological site of Joub Jannine II in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon. Hand axe and trihedral Neolithic are lithics.
See Hand axe and Trihedral Neolithic
Typology (archaeology)
In archaeology, a typology is the result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics.
See Hand axe and Typology (archaeology)
Uniface
In archaeology, a uniface is a specific type of stone tool that has been flaked on one surface only. Hand axe and uniface are lithics.
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Hand axe and University of Chicago Press
Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Hand axe and Upper Paleolithic are Paleolithic.
See Hand axe and Upper Paleolithic
Use-wear analysis
Use-wear analysis is a method in archaeology to identify the functions of artifact tools by closely examining their working surfaces and edges. Hand axe and Use-wear analysis are lithics.
See Hand axe and Use-wear analysis
Venerque
Venerque (Venèrca) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Weathering
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms.
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
See Hand axe and Western Europe
William H. Calvin
William H. Calvin (born April 30, 1939) is an American theoretical neurophysiologist and professor at the University of Washington in Seattle.
See Hand axe and William H. Calvin
Yeoncheon County
Yeoncheon County (Yeoncheon-gun) is a county in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.
See Hand axe and Yeoncheon County
10th millennium BC
The 10th millennium BC spanned the years 10,000 BC to 9001 BC (c. 12 ka to c. 11 ka).
See Hand axe and 10th millennium BC
See also
Primitive weapons
- Australian Aboriginal artefacts
- Blowgun
- Bolas
- Boomerang
- Bulibuli
- Culacula
- Fukiya
- Gata (weapon)
- Hand axe
- Improvised weapons
- Kanak war club
- Knobkerrie
- Meteor hammer
- Projectile point
- Punji stick
- Qauata
- Roromaraugi
- Rungu (weapon)
- Sali (weapon)
- Shillelagh
- Sling (weapon)
- Slingshot
- Spear
- Spear-thrower
- Supi (weapon)
- Surujin
- Totokia
- U'u
- Ula (weapon)
- Waddy
- Woomera (spear-thrower)
Stone objects
- Aztec sun stone
- Bian stones
- Cornerstone
- EdStone
- Gemstone
- Gemstones
- Hand axe
- Hardstone carving
- Household stone implements in Karnataka
- Kafkania pebble
- Karatepe bilingual
- Knocking stone
- Lithics
- Lungzubel
- Madstone (folklore)
- Mano (stone)
- Millstone
- Prismatic blade
- Quern-stone
- Stone ball
- Stone tool
- The Rock (Michigan State University)
- Vainudden Standing Stone
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_axe
Also known as Biface, Bifaces, Bifacial, Bifacial technique, Cordate axe, Cordiform axe, Coup-de-poing, Cump-de-poing, Faust Keil, Fist ax, Hand Ax, Hand axes, Hand-axe, Handaxe, Handaxes, Ovate handaxe, Stone axes.
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