Hinduism & Yoga - Unionpedia, the concept map

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara (8th c. CE), also called Adi Shankaracharya (lit), was an Indian Vedic scholar and teacher (acharya) of Advaita Vedanta.

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Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedanta (अद्वैत वेदान्त) is a Hindu tradition of textual exegesis and philosophy and a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience.

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Ahimsa

(IAST) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings.

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Āstika and nāstika

Āstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक; IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika (Sanskrit: नास्तिक; IAST: Nāstika) are concepts that have been used to classify the schools of Indian philosophy by modern scholars, as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts.

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Ātman (Hinduism)

Ātman (आत्मन्) is a Sanskrit word for the true or eternal Self or the self-existent essence or impersonal witness-consciousness within each individual.

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Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita (translit-std), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture, which is part of the epic Mahabharata.

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Bhagavata Purana

The Bhagavata Purana (भागवतपुराण), also known as the Srimad Bhagavatam (Śrīmad Bhāgavatam), Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana or simply Bhagavata (Bhāgavata), is one of Hinduism's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas).

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Bhakti movement

The Bhakti movement was a significant religious movement in medieval Hinduism that sought to bring religious reforms to all strata of society by adopting the method of devotion to achieve salvation.

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Bhakti yoga

Bhakti yoga (भक्ति योग), also called Bhakti marga (भक्ति मार्ग, literally the path of bhakti), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards any personal deity.

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Bon

Bon or Bön, also known as Yungdrung Bon, is the indigenous Tibetan religion which shares many similarities and influences with Tibetan Buddhism.

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Brahmacharya

Brahmacharya (Devanagari: ब्रह्मचर्य) is a concept within Indian religions that literally means "conduct consistent with Brahma" or "on the path of Brahma".

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Brahman

In Hinduism, Brahman (ब्रह्मन्; IAST: Brahman) connotes the highest universal principle, the Ultimate Reality of the universe.

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Brahmana

The Brahmanas (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणम्, IAST: Brāhmaṇam) are Vedic śruti works attached to the Samhitas (hymns and mantras) of the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is a varna (caste) within Hindu society.

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Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्) is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Charvaka

Charvaka (चार्वाक; IAST: Cārvāka), also known as Lokāyata, is an ancient school of Indian materialism.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Dhyana in Hinduism

Dhyāna (Sanskrit: ध्यान) in Hinduism means contemplation and meditation.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.

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Guru

Guru (गुरु; IAST: guru; Pali: garu) is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.

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Hatha yoga

Hatha yoga (IAST: Haṭha-yoga) is a branch of yoga that uses physical techniques to try to preserve and channel vital force or energy.

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Hatha Yoga Pradipika

The Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā (or Light on Hatha Yoga) is a classic fifteenth-century Sanskrit manual on haṭha yoga, written by Svātmārāma, who connects the teaching's lineage to Matsyendranath of the Nathas.

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Hindu philosophy

Hindu philosophy or Vedic philosophy is the set of Indian philosophical systems that developed in tandem with the religion of Hinduism during the iron and classical ages of India.

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Hindu texts

Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.

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History of India

Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian religions

Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

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Ishvara

Ishvara is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Jainism

Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.

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Jivanmukta

A jīvanmukta, literally meaning 'liberated while living', is a person who, in the Jain and Vedānta philosophy, has gained complete self-knowledge and self-realisation and attained kaivalya (enlightenment) or moksha (liberation), thus is liberated while living and not yet died.

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Jnana yoga

Jnana yoga, also known as the jnana marga, is one of the three classical paths (margas) for moksha (liberation) in Hinduism, which emphasizes the "path of knowledge", also known as the "path of self-realization".

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Karma yoga

Karma yoga (कर्म योग), also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god).

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Katha Upanishad

The Katha Upanishad (कठोपनिषद्), is an ancient Hindu text and one of the mukhya (primary) Upanishads, embedded in the last eight short sections of the school of the Krishna Yajurveda.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Smriti texts and Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mandala

A mandala (circle) is a geometric configuration of symbols.

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Mantra

A mantra (Pali: mantra) or mantram (Devanagari: मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words (most often in an Indic language like Sanskrit) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.

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Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).

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Meditation

Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique to train attention and awareness and detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking," achieving a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state, while not judging the meditation process itself.

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Mikel Burley

Mikel Burley is a scholar of religion and philosophy, known for his work on the Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

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Moksha

Moksha (मोक्ष), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release.

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Monism

Monism attributes oneness or singleness to a concept, such as to existence.

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Motilal Banarsidass

Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House (MLBD) is an Indian academic publishing house, founded in Delhi, India in 1903.

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Nasadiya Sukta

The Nāsadīya Sūkta (after the incipit, or "not the non-existent"), also known as the Hymn of Creation, is the 129th hymn of the 10th mandala of the Rigveda (10:129).

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Nondualism

Nondualism includes a number of philosophical and spiritual traditions that emphasize the absence of fundamental duality or separation in existence.

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Nyaya

Nyāya (Sanskrit:न्यायः, IAST:'nyāyaḥ'), literally meaning "justice", "rules", "method" or "judgment", is one of the six orthodox (Āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy.

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Pali

Pāli, also known as Pali-Magadhi, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language on the Indian subcontinent.

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Principal Upanishads

Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism.

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Purusha

Purusha is a complex concept whose meaning evolved in Vedic and Upanishadic times.

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Rāja yoga

In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga was both the goal of yoga and a method to attain it.

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Reincarnation

Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death.

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Rigveda

The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).

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Rishi

In Indian religions, a rishi is an accomplished and enlightened person.

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Saṃsāra

Saṃsāra (Devanagari: संसार) is a Pali and Sanskrit word that means "wandering" as well as "world," wherein the term connotes "cyclic change" or, less formally, "running around in circles." Saṃsāra is referred to with terms or phrases such as transmigration/reincarnation, karmic cycle, or Punarjanman, and "cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence".

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Samhita

Samhita (IAST: Saṃhitā) literally means "put together, joined, union", a "collection", and "a methodically, rule-based combination of text or verses".

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Samkhya

Samkhya or Sankhya (sāṃkhya) is a dualistic orthodox school of Hindu philosophy.

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Sannyasa

Sannyasa (Sanskrit: संन्यास; IAST), sometimes spelled Sanyasa or Sanyasi (for the person), is life of renunciation and the fourth stage within the Hindu system of four life stages known as Ashramas, with the first three being Brahmacharya (on the path of Brahma), Grihastha (householder) and Vanaprastha (forest dweller, retired).

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Shaivism

Shaivism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being.

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Shakti

Shakti (Devanagari: शक्ति, IAST: Śakti; 'energy, ability, strength, effort, power, might, capability') in Hinduism, is the "Universal Power" that underlies and sustains all existence.

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Shaktism

Shaktism (translit-std) is a major Hindu denomination in which the godhead or metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.

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Shastra

Shastra is a Sanskrit word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense.

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Shiva

Shiva (lit), also known as Mahadeva (Category:Trimurti Category:Wisdom gods Category:Time and fate gods Category:Indian yogis.

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Sikhism

Sikhism, also known as Sikhi (ਸਿੱਖੀ,, from translit), is a monotheistic religion and philosophy, that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.

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Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (IAST: Svāmī Vivekānanda; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna.

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Tantra

Tantra (lit) is an esoteric yogic tradition that developed on the Indian subcontinent from the middle of the 1st millennium CE onwards in both Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Theosophy

Theosophy is a religious and philosophical system established in the United States in the late 19th century.

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Upanishads

The Upanishads (उपनिषद्) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.

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Vaisheshika

Vaisheshika (IAST: Vaiśeṣika;; वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy from ancient India.

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Vaishnavism

Vaishnavism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.

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Vedanta

Vedanta (वेदान्त), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy.

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Vedas

The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.

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Vedic period

The Vedic period, or the Vedic age, is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain BCE.

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Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal).

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Wendy Doniger

Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty (born November 20, 1940) is an American Indologist whose professional career has spanned five decades.

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Yajna

Yajna (also pronounced as Yag) (lit) in Hinduism refers to any ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras.

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Yamas

The (translit), and their complement, the niyamas, represent a series of "right living" or ethical rules within Yoga philosophy.

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Yoga (philosophy)

Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy,Maurice Phillips (Published as Max Muller collection), The Evolution of Hinduism,, PhD.

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Yoga as exercise

Yoga as exercise is a physical activity consisting mainly of postures, often connected by flowing sequences, sometimes accompanied by breathing exercises, and frequently ending with relaxation lying down or meditation.

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Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a collection of Sanskrit sutras (aphorisms) on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).

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