History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages & Kingdom of Powys - Unionpedia, the concept map

Anarawd ap Rhodri

Anarawd ap Rhodri was King of Gwynedd from 878 to 916.

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Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.

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Arwystli

Arwystli was a cantref in mid Wales in the Middle Ages, located in the headland of the River Severn.

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Battle of Mynydd Carn

The Battle of Mynydd Carn took place in 1081, as part of a dynastic struggle for control of the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

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Bleddyn ap Cynfyn

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (Bledẏnt uab Kẏnỽẏn; died 1075), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th century Welsh king.

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Brecknockshire

Until 1974, Brecknockshire (Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also formerly known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was an administrative county in the south of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Cadwgan ap Bleddyn

Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1051–1111) was a prince of the Kingdom of Powys (Teyrnas Powys) in north eastern Wales.

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Caereinion

Caereinion (fort of Einion) was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys, or possibly it was a commote (cwmwd) within a cantref called Llŷs Wynaf.

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Commote

A commote (cwmwd, sometimes spelt in older documents as cymwd, plural cymydau, less frequently cymydoedd)Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales.

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Cyfeiliog

Cyfeiliog was a medieval commote in the cantref of Cynan of the Kingdom of Powys.

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Cyfraith Hywel

Cyfraith Hywel (Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Leges Walliæ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.

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Cynan ab Iago

Cynan ab Iago (c. 1014 c. 1063) was a Welsh prince of the House of Aberffraw sometimes credited with briefly reigning as King of Gwynedd.

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Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was King of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246.

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Deheubarth

Deheubarth (thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia).

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Denbighshire

Denbighshire (Sir Ddinbych) is a county in the north-east of Wales.

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Eadric the Wild

Eadric the Wild (or Eadric Silvaticus), also known as Wild Edric, Eadric Cild (or Child) and Edric the Forester, was an Anglo-Saxon magnate of Shropshire and Herefordshire who led English resistance to the Norman Conquest, active in 1068–70.

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Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

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Edward the Confessor

Edward the Confessor (1003 – 5 January 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon English king and saint. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 until his death in 1066. Edward was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. He succeeded Cnut the Great's son – and his own half-brother – Harthacnut. He restored the rule of the House of Wessex after the period of Danish rule since Cnut conquered England in 1016. When Edward died in 1066, he was succeeded by his wife's brother Harold Godwinson, who was defeated and killed in the same year at the Battle of Hastings by the Normans under William the Conqueror. Edward's young great-nephew Edgar Ætheling of the House of Wessex was proclaimed king after the Battle of Hastings, but was never crowned and was peacefully deposed after about eight weeks. Historians disagree about Edward's fairly long 24-year reign. His nickname reflects the traditional image of him as unworldly and pious. Confessor reflects his reputation as a saint who did not suffer martyrdom as opposed to his uncle, King Edward the Martyr. Some portray Edward the Confessor's reign as leading to the disintegration of royal power in England and the advance in power of the House of Godwin, because of the infighting that began after his death with no heirs to the throne. Biographers Frank Barlow and Peter Rex, on the other hand, portray Edward as a successful king, one who was energetic, resourceful and sometimes ruthless; they argue that the Norman conquest shortly after his death tarnished his image. However, Richard Mortimer argues that the return of the Godwins from exile in 1052 "meant the effective end of his exercise of power", citing Edward's reduced activity as implying "a withdrawal from affairs". About a century after his death, in 1161, Pope Alexander III canonised the king. Edward was one of England's national saints until King Edward III adopted Saint George (George of Lydda) as the national patron saint in about 1350. Saint Edward's feast day is 13 October and is celebrated by both the Church of England and the Catholic Church.

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Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Edwin (Old English: Ēadwine) (died 1071) was the elder brother of Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, son of Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia and grandson of Leofric, Earl of Mercia.

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Ellesmere, Shropshire

Ellesmere is a town in the civil parish of Ellesmere Urban, in Shropshire, England; it is located near to the Welsh border, the towns of Oswestry and Whitchurch, and the Welsh city of Wrexham.

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Family seat

A family seat, sometimes just called seat, is the principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy.

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Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Cynan (–1137) was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137.

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Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn

Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn (died c. 1286) was a Welsh king who was lord of the part of Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn and sided with Edward I in his conquest of Wales of 1277 to 1283.

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Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (– 5 August 1063) was King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and, after asserting his control over the entire country, claimed the title King of Wales from 1055 until his death in 1063.

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Gruffydd Maelor I

Gruffydd Maelor (died 1191) was a Prince of Powys Fadog in Wales.

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Gwenwynwyn

Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog (died c. 1216) was the last major ruler of mid Wales before the completion of the Norman English invasion.

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Henry III of England

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.

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Hereford

Hereford is a cathedral city, civil parish and the county town of Herefordshire, England.

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House of Dinefwr

The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great.

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Ial

Ial or Yale (Iâl) was a commote of medieval Wales within the cantref of Maelor in the Kingdom of Powys.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (– 11 April 1240), also known as Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), was a medieval Welsh ruler.

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Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last (lit), was King of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the prince of Wales (Princeps Walliae; Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.

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Llywelyn ap Seisyll

Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was a king of Gwynedd in the 11th century who ruled over the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth.

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Madog ap Maredudd

Madog ap Maredudd (Madawg mab Maredud, Madawc mab Maredut; died 1160) was the last prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales.

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Maelor

The Maelor is an area of north-east Wales along the border with England.

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Maredudd ab Owain

Maredudd ab Owain (died) was a king of Gwynedd.

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Maredudd ap Bleddyn

Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1047 – 9 February 1132) was a prince and later King of Powys in eastern Wales.

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Mathrafal

Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1213 by Prince Llywelyn the Great.

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Mercia

Mercia (Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.

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Mochnant

italic was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys.

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Montgomery Castle

Montgomery Castle (Castell Trefaldwyn) is a stone castle looking over the town of Montgomery in Powys, Mid Wales.

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Morcar

Morcar (or Morcere) (Mōrcǣr, Mǫrukári) (died after 1087) was the son of Ælfgār (earl of Mercia) and brother of Ēadwine.

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Nanheudwy

Nanheudwy was a medieval commote of Wales considered part of the ancient Kingdom of Powys in the cantref of Swydd y Waun.

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Norman Conquest

The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.

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Owain ap Cadwgan

Owain ap Cadwgan (died 1116) was a prince of Powys in eastern Wales.

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Owain Cyfeiliog

Owain ap Gruffydd (c. 1130–1197) was a prince of the southern part of Powys and a poet.

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Owain Gwynedd

Owain ap Gruffudd (– 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan.

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Perfeddwlad

Perfeddwlad or Y Berfeddwlad was an historic name for the territories in Wales lying between the River Conwy and the River Dee.

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Powys Fadog

Powys Fadog (English: Lower Powys or literally Madog's Powys) was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys.

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Powys Wenwynwyn

Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages.

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Radnorshire

Until 1974, Radnorshire (Sir Faesyfed) was an administrative county in mid Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn

Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn was an 11th-century Welsh King and co-ruler of the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys from 1063 to 1070.

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Rhodri Mawr

Rhodri ap Merfyn, commonly known as italic, was a Welsh king whose legacy has impacted the history of Wales.

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Rhys ab Owain

Rhys ab Owain (died 1078) was a king of Deheubarth in southern Wales.

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Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197.

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River Dee, Wales

The River Dee (Afon Dyfrdwy, Deva Fluvius) is a river flowing through North Wales, and through Cheshire, England, in Great Britain.

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River Severn

The River Severn (Afon Hafren), at long, is the longest river in Great Britain.

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Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury

Robert de Bellême (– after 1130), seigneur de Bellême (or Belèsme), seigneur de Montgomery, viscount of the Hiémois, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury and Count of Ponthieu, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy between the sons of William the Conqueror.

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Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (c. 1231 – 27 October 1282), of Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire, was a marcher lord who was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England and at times an enemy, at times an ally, of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.

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Shrewsbury

("May Shrewsbury Flourish") --> Shrewsbury is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Shropshire, England.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Welsh law

Welsh law (Cyfraith Cymru) is an autonomous part of the English law system composed of legislation made by the Senedd.

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Welsh Marches

The Welsh Marches (Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.

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Welshpool

Welshpool (Y Trallwng) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, historically in the county of Montgomeryshire.

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Whitland

Whitland (Hendy-gwyn,, or Hendy-gwyn ar Daf,, from the medieval Ty Gwyn ar Daf) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales.

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William II of England

William II (Williame; – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland.

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William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror (Bates William the Conqueror p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death.

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