House of Medici, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 253 relations: Accademia del Cimento, Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, Albizzi, Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, Allodial title, Altoviti, Anna de' Medici (1569–1584), Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Apoplexy, Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria, Architecture, Art, Arte della Lana, Austria, Averardo de' Medici, Bardi family, Barter, Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Battle of Vienna, BBC News Online, Belvedere (fort), Blood orange, Boboli Gardens, Bonfire of the vanities, Buonaccorso Pitti, Castellini Baldissera, Catherine de' Medici, Catholic Church, Charles III of Spain, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VIII of France, Christina of Lorraine, Ciompi Revolt, Citadel, Claude of Valois, Coat of arms, Congress of Vienna, Cosimo de' Medici, Cosimo I de' Medici, Cosimo II de' Medici, Cosimo III de' Medici, Council of Trent, Counter-Reformation, Cybo, De facto, Della Rovere, Dispensation (Catholic canon law), Donatello, Double-entry bookkeeping, ... Expand index (203 more) »

2. Heads of state of Florence
3. Papal families
4. People from the Republic of Florence

Accademia del Cimento

The Accademia del Cimento (Academy of Experiment), an early scientific society, was founded in Florence in 1657 by students of Galileo, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli and Vincenzo Viviani and ceased to exist about a decade later.

See House of Medici and Accademia del Cimento

Accademia delle Arti del Disegno

The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") is an academy of artists in Florence, in Italy.

See House of Medici and Accademia delle Arti del Disegno

Albizzi

The Albizzi family was a Florentine family originally based in Arezzo, who were rivals of the Medici and Alberti families. House of Medici and Albizzi are italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Albizzi

Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence

Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537.

See House of Medici and Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence

Allodial title

Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord.

See House of Medici and Allodial title

Altoviti

The Altoviti are a prominent noble family of Florence, Italy. House of Medici and Altoviti are italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Altoviti

Anna de' Medici (1569–1584)

Anna de' Medici (31 December 1569 – 19 February 1584) was the third child of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Joanna of Austria.

See House of Medici and Anna de' Medici (1569–1584)

Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg

Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg (13 June 1672 – 15 October 1741) was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor, the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg, from 1689 until 1728; however, because her distant cousin George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the duchy by force in 1689, she exercised no control over the territory, instead living in her manors in Bohemia.

See House of Medici and Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg

Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici

Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 – 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici.

See House of Medici and Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici

Apoplexy

Apoplexy refers to the rupture of an internal organ and the associated symptoms.

See House of Medici and Apoplexy

Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria

Maria Maddalena of Austria (Maria Magdalena von Österreich, Maria Maddalena d'Austria) (7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany by her marriage to Cosimo II in 1609 until his death in 1621.

See House of Medici and Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria

Architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.

See House of Medici and Architecture

Art

Art is a diverse range of human activity and its resulting product that involves creative or imaginative talent generally expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas.

See House of Medici and Art

Arte della Lana

The Arte della Lana was the wool guild of Florence during the Late Middle Ages and in the Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Arte della Lana

Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

See House of Medici and Austria

Averardo de' Medici

Averardo de' Medici (1320 – 1363), also known as Everard De Medici or Bicci to disambiguate with his two homonymous ancestors, was the son of Salvestro de' Medici (1300, Florence – 1346, Florence; son of Averardo II de' Medici, 1270–1319), "il Chiarissimo" (English meaning "the fairest" for his complexion, or also interpreted as "the clearest") and the father of three children: Giovanni, Francesco, and Antonia.

See House of Medici and Averardo de' Medici

Bardi family

The House of Bardi was an influential Florentine family that started the powerful banking company Compagnia dei Bardi. House of Medici and Bardi family are banking families and italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Bardi family

Barter

In trade, barter (derived from baretor) is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.

See House of Medici and Barter

Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence

The Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St. Lawrence) is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the main market district of the city, and it is the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III.

See House of Medici and Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence

Battle of Vienna

The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.

See House of Medici and Battle of Vienna

BBC News Online

BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.

See House of Medici and BBC News Online

Belvedere (fort)

The Forte di Belvedere or Fortezza di Santa Maria in San Giorgio del Belvedere (often called simply Belvedere) is a fortification in Florence, Italy.

See House of Medici and Belvedere (fort)

Blood orange

The blood orange is a variety of orange with crimson, near blood-colored flesh.

See House of Medici and Blood orange

Boboli Gardens

The Boboli Gardens (Giardino di Boboli) is a historical park of the city of Florence that was opened to the public in 1766.

See House of Medici and Boboli Gardens

Bonfire of the vanities

A bonfire of the vanities (falò delle vanità) is a burning of objects condemned by religious authorities as occasions of sin.

See House of Medici and Bonfire of the vanities

Buonaccorso Pitti

Buonaccorso Pitti was a prominent Florentine merchant in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

See House of Medici and Buonaccorso Pitti

Castellini Baldissera

The Castellini Baldissera are a historic family, originating from Milan and Brescia. House of Medici and Castellini Baldissera are italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Castellini Baldissera

Catherine de' Medici

Catherine de' Medici (Caterina de' Medici,; Catherine de Médicis,; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian (Florentine) noblewoman born into the Medici family.

See House of Medici and Catherine de' Medici

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See House of Medici and Catholic Church

Charles III of Spain

Charles III (Carlos Sebastián de Borbón y Farnesio; 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain in the years 1759 to 1788.

See House of Medici and Charles III of Spain

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

See House of Medici and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles VIII of France

Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.

See House of Medici and Charles VIII of France

Christina of Lorraine

Christina of Lorraine (Christine de Lorraine, Cristina di Lorena) (16 August 1565 – 19 December 1637) was a French noblewoman of the House of Lorraine who became a Grand Duchess of Tuscany by marriage.

See House of Medici and Christina of Lorraine

Ciompi Revolt

The Ciompi Revolt was a rebellion among unrepresented labourers which occurred in the Republic of Florence in Tuscany, Italy, from 1378 to 1382.

See House of Medici and Ciompi Revolt

Citadel

A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city.

See House of Medici and Citadel

Claude of Valois

Claude of Valois (12 November 1547 – 21 February 1575) was a French princess as the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, and Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.

See House of Medici and Claude of Valois

Coat of arms

A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).

See House of Medici and Coat of arms

Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

See House of Medici and Congress of Vienna

Cosimo de' Medici

Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who established the Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. House of Medici and Cosimo de' Medici are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Cosimo de' Medici

Cosimo I de' Medici

Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death.

See House of Medici and Cosimo I de' Medici

Cosimo II de' Medici

Cosimo II de' Medici (12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1609 until his death.

See House of Medici and Cosimo II de' Medici

Cosimo III de' Medici

Cosimo III de' Medici (14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1670 until his death in 1723, the sixth and penultimate from the House of Medici.

See House of Medici and Cosimo III de' Medici

Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

See House of Medici and Council of Trent

Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation, also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.

See House of Medici and Counter-Reformation

Cybo

The House of Cybo, Cibo or Cibei of Italy was an old and influential aristocratic family from Genoa of Greek origin that ruled the Duchy of Massa and Carrara.

See House of Medici and Cybo

De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

See House of Medici and De facto

Della Rovere

The House of Della Rovere (literally "of the oak tree") was a powerful Italian noble family. House of Medici and Della Rovere are italian noble families, papal families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and Della Rovere

Dispensation (Catholic canon law)

In the jurisprudence of the canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of law in certain cases.

See House of Medici and Dispensation (Catholic canon law)

Donatello

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (– 13 December 1466), known mononymously as Donatello, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period.

See House of Medici and Donatello

Double-entry bookkeeping

Double-entry bookkeeping, also known as double-entry accounting, is a method of bookkeeping that relies on a two-sided accounting entry to maintain financial information.

See House of Medici and Double-entry bookkeeping

Duchy of Florence

The Duchy of Florence (Ducato di Firenze) was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy.

See House of Medici and Duchy of Florence

Duchy of Lorraine

The Duchy of Lorraine (Lorraine; Lothringen), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France.

See House of Medici and Duchy of Lorraine

Duchy of Urbino

The Duchy of Urbino (Ducato di Urbino) was an independent duchy in early modern central Italy, corresponding to the northern half of the modern region of Marche.

See House of Medici and Duchy of Urbino

Duke of Nemours

Duke of Nemours was a title in the Peerage of France.

See House of Medici and Duke of Nemours

Duke of the Florentine Republic

The Duca della Repubblica Fiorentina, rendered in English as Duke of the Florentine Republic or Duke of the Republic of Florence, was a title created in 1532 by Pope Clement VII for the Medici family (his own family), which ruled the Republic of Florence.

See House of Medici and Duke of the Florentine Republic

Dutch Republic

The United Provinces of the Netherlands, officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

See House of Medici and Dutch Republic

DVD

The DVD (common abbreviation for digital video disc or digital versatile disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format.

See House of Medici and DVD

Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

See House of Medici and Dynasty

Edema

Edema (AmE), also spelled oedema (BrE), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue.

See House of Medici and Edema

Elba

Elba (isola d'Elba,; Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago.

See House of Medici and Elba

Eleanor de' Medici

Eleanor de' Medici (28 February 1567 – 9 September 1611) was a Duchess of Mantua by marriage to Vincenzo I Gonzaga.

See House of Medici and Eleanor de' Medici

Eleanor of Toledo

Eleanor of Toledo (Leonor Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel-Osorio, Eleonora di Toledo; 11 January 1522 – 17 December 1562) was a Spanish noblewoman who became Grand Duchess of Florence as the first wife of Cosimo I de' Medici.

See House of Medici and Eleanor of Toledo

Elisabeth Farnese

Elisabeth Farnese (Italian: Elisabetta Farnese, Spanish: Isabel de Farnesio; 25 October 169211 July 1766) was Queen of Spain by marriage to King Philip V. She was the de facto ruler of Spain from 1714 until 1746 since she managed the affairs of state with the approval of her spouse, and is particularly known for her great influence over Spain's foreign policy.

See House of Medici and Elisabeth Farnese

Elisabeth of Valois

Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Isabel de Valois; Élisabeth de Valois) (2 April 1546 – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as the third wife of Philip II of Spain.

See House of Medici and Elisabeth of Valois

Feces

Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

See House of Medici and Feces

Ferdinand Schevill

Ferdinand Schevill (1868–1954) was an American historian.

See House of Medici and Ferdinand Schevill

Ferdinando I de' Medici

Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 – 3 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I.

See House of Medici and Ferdinando I de' Medici

Ferdinando II de' Medici

Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was grand duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670.

See House of Medici and Ferdinando II de' Medici

Ferrara

Ferrara (Fràra) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara.

See House of Medici and Ferrara

Festina lente

Festina lente or speûde bradéōs (σπεῦδε βραδέως) is a classical adage and oxymoron meaning "make haste slowly" (sometimes rendered in English as "more haste, less speed").

See House of Medici and Festina lente

Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith and sculptor.

See House of Medici and Filippo Brunelleschi

Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

See House of Medici and Florence

Florence Cathedral

Florence Cathedral (Duomo di Firenze), formally the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore), is the cathedral of Florence, Italy.

See House of Medici and Florence Cathedral

Floruit

Floruit (abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.

See House of Medici and Floruit

Fra Angelico

Fra Angelico, OP (born Guido di Pietro; 18 February 1455) was a Dominican friar and Italian Renaissance painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".

See House of Medici and Fra Angelico

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See House of Medici and France

Francesco I de' Medici

Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587.

See House of Medici and Francesco I de' Medici

Francesco Maria de' Medici

Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 – 3 February 1711) was a member of the House of Medici.

See House of Medici and Francesco Maria de' Medici

Francesco Maria II della Rovere

Francesco Maria II della Rovere (20 February 1549 – 23 April 1631) was the last Duke of Urbino.

See House of Medici and Francesco Maria II della Rovere

Francesco Redi

Francesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet.

See House of Medici and Francesco Redi

Francesco Salviati (bishop)

Francesco Salviati (1443 – 1478) was the archbishop of Pisa from 1474 to 1478.

See House of Medici and Francesco Salviati (bishop)

Franchising

Franchising is based on a marketing concept which can be adopted by an organization as a strategy for business expansion.

See House of Medici and Franchising

Francis I of France

Francis I (er|; Françoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547.

See House of Medici and Francis I of France

Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis I (Francis Stephen; François Étienne; Franz Stefan; Francesco Stefano; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Grand Duke of Tuscany.

See House of Medici and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.

See House of Medici and French Wars of Religion

Galilean moons

The Galilean moons, or Galilean satellites, are the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

See House of Medici and Galilean moons

Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

See House of Medici and Galileo Galilei

Gavardo

Gavardo (Brescian: Gaàrt) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

See House of Medici and Gavardo

General ledger

In bookkeeping, a general ledger is a bookkeeping ledger in which accounting data are posted from journals and aggregated from subledgers, such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management, fixed assets, purchasing and projects.

See House of Medici and General ledger

Gian Gastone de' Medici

Gian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 25 May 1671 – 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean grand duke of Tuscany.

See House of Medici and Gian Gastone de' Medici

Giorgio Vasari

Giorgio Vasari (also,; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect, who is best known for his work Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of all art-historical writing, and still much cited in modern biographies of the many Italian Renaissance artists he covers, including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, although he is now regarded as including many factual errors, especially when covering artists from before he was born.

See House of Medici and Giorgio Vasari

Giovanni delle Bande Nere

Ludovico de' Medici, also known as Giovanni delle Bande Nere (6 April 1498 – 30 November 1526) was an Italian condottiero.

See House of Medici and Giovanni delle Bande Nere

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and founder of the Medici Bank.

See House of Medici and Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici

Girolamo Savonarola

Girolamo Savonarola, OP (21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) or Jerome Savonarola was an ascetic Dominican friar from Ferrara and a preacher active in Renaissance Florence. House of Medici and Girolamo Savonarola are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Girolamo Savonarola

Giuliano de' Medici

Giuliano de' Medici (28 October 1453 – 26 April 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni.

See House of Medici and Giuliano de' Medici

Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours

Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici KG (12 March 1479 – 17 March 1516) was an Italian nobleman, the third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and a ruler of Florence.

See House of Medici and Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours

Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals.

See House of Medici and Gout

Gran maestro

A gran maestro was the unofficial head of state in the Italian city-states.

See House of Medici and Gran maestro

Gran Tavola

During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for "Great Table") was the largest Sienese bank;de Roover, Raymond A., and Larson, Henrietta M. 1999.

See House of Medici and Gran Tavola

Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany

The Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany (Italian: corona del Granducato di Toscana) was a ducal crown created by the Medicean Grand Dukes of Tuscany.

See House of Medici and Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana; Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence.

See House of Medici and Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Guild

A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.

See House of Medici and Guild

Harold Acton

Sir Harold Mario Mitchell Acton (5 July 1904 – 27 February 1994) was a British writer, scholar, and aesthete who was a prominent member of the Bright Young Things.

See House of Medici and Harold Acton

Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.

See House of Medici and Hegemony

Henry II of France

Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 1547 until his death in 1559.

See House of Medici and Henry II of France

Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

See House of Medici and Henry IV of France

Herbert Millingchamp Vaughan

Herbert Millingchamp Vaughan (27 July 1870 – 31 July 1948) was a Welsh author, historian, and bibliographer.

See House of Medici and Herbert Millingchamp Vaughan

Heresy

Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization.

See House of Medici and Heresy

High Renaissance

In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance.

See House of Medici and High Renaissance

Holy See

The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.

See House of Medici and Holy See

House of Bonaparte

The House of Bonaparte is a former imperial and royal European dynasty of Italian origin. House of Medici and House of Bonaparte are italian noble families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Bonaparte

House of Borgia

The House of Borgia (Spanish and Borja; Borja) was a Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. House of Medici and House of Borgia are italian noble families, papal families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Borgia

House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon (also) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. House of Medici and House of Bourbon are Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Bourbon

House of Este

The House of Este is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries. House of Medici and House of Este are italian noble families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Este

House of Gonzaga

The House of Gonzaga is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). House of Medici and House of Gonzaga are italian noble families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Gonzaga

House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history. House of Medici and House of Habsburg are Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Habsburg

House of Lorraine

The House of Lorraine (Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz.

See House of Medici and House of Lorraine

House of Sforza

The House of Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. House of Medici and House of Sforza are italian noble families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and House of Sforza

Humanism

Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.

See House of Medici and Humanism

Institution

An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior.

See House of Medici and Institution

Ippolito de' Medici

Ippolito de' Medici (March 1511 – 10 August 1535) was the only son of Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, born out of wedlock to his mistress Pacifica Brandano. House of Medici and Ippolito de' Medici are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Ippolito de' Medici

Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

See House of Medici and Italian Renaissance

Italian War of 1494–1495

The First Italian War, or Charles VIII's Italian War, was the opening phase of the Italian Wars.

See House of Medici and Italian War of 1494–1495

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See House of Medici and Italy

Jean Lucas-Dubreton

Jean-Marie Lucas de Peslouan, better known by his pseudonym Jean Lucas-Dubreton (23 September 1883 – 9 September 1972) was a French historian and biographer.

See House of Medici and Jean Lucas-Dubreton

Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Joanna of Austria (German Johanna von Österreich, Italian Giovanna d'Austria) (24 January 1547 – 11 April 1578) was an Archduchess of Austria.

See House of Medici and Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine

Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine (Jan Wellem in Low German, English: John William; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714).

See House of Medici and Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine

Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

See House of Medici and Jupiter

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.

See House of Medici and Leonardo da Vinci

Leopoldo de' Medici

Leopoldo de' Medici (6 November 1617 – 10 November 1675) was an Italian cardinal, scholar, patron of the arts and Governor of Siena.

See House of Medici and Leopoldo de' Medici

List of banking families

Banking families are families that have been involved in banking for multiple generations, generally in the modern era as owners or co-owners of banks, which are often named after their families. House of Medici and List of banking families are banking families.

See House of Medici and List of banking families

List of French royal consorts

This is a list of the women who were queens or empresses as wives of French monarchs from the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which gave rise to West Francia, until 1870, when the Third Republic was declared.

See House of Medici and List of French royal consorts

List of grand dukes of Tuscany

The title of Grand Duke of Tuscany was created on August 27, 1569 by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Cosimo I de' Medici, member of the illustrious House of Medici.

See House of Medici and List of grand dukes of Tuscany

List of heads of state of Florence

The first de facto Lord (Signore) in the history of the Republic of Florence was Cosimo de' Medici. House of Medici and List of heads of state of Florence are heads of state of Florence and people from the Republic of Florence.

See House of Medici and List of heads of state of Florence

List of popes from the Medici family

The list of popes from the Medici family includes four men from the late-15th century through the early-17th century.

See House of Medici and List of popes from the Medici family

Livorno

Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of the Tuscany region, Italy.

See House of Medici and Livorno

Lorenzino de' Medici

Lorenzino de' Medici (22 March 1514 – 26 February 1548), also known as Lorenzaccio, was an Italian politician, writer, and dramatist, and a member of the Medici family.

See House of Medici and Lorenzino de' Medici

Lorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico; 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492), was an Italian statesman, the de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and the most powerful patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. House of Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (12 September 1492 – 4 May 1519) was the ruler of Florence from 1516 until his death in 1519. House of Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino

Lorenzo the Elder

Lorenzo the Elder (c. 1395 – 23 September 1440) was an Italian banker of the House of Medici of Florence, the younger brother of Cosimo de' Medici the Elder and progenitor of the so-called "Popolani" ("populist, i.e. for the people") line of the family, named for a later generation whose members were supporters of the Florentine political activist Girolamo Savonarola.

See House of Medici and Lorenzo the Elder

Louis XI

Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (le Prudent), was King of France from 1461 to 1483.

See House of Medici and Louis XI

Louis XIII

Louis XIII (sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.

See House of Medici and Louis XIII

Luxembourg Palace

The Luxembourg Palace (Palais du Luxembourg) is at 15 Rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France.

See House of Medici and Luxembourg Palace

Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).

See House of Medici and Macmillan Publishers

Maddalena de' Medici (1473–1528)

Maddalena de' Medici (25 July 1473–2 December 1528) daughter to Lorenzo de' Medici Born in Florence, she was educated with her siblings to the humanistic cultures by figures such as Angelo Poliziano.

See House of Medici and Maddalena de' Medici (1473–1528)

Mantua

Mantua (Mantova; Lombard and Mantua) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Lombardy, and capital of the province of the same name.

See House of Medici and Mantua

Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain

Margaret of Austria (25 December 1584 – 3 October 1611) was Queen of Spain and Portugal by her marriage to King Philip III & II.

See House of Medici and Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain

Margaret of Parma

Margaret (5 July 1522 – 18 January 1586) was Duchess of Parma from 1547 to 1586 as the wife of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582.

See House of Medici and Margaret of Parma

Margherita de' Medici

Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 – 6 February 1679) was Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by her marriage to Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma.

See House of Medici and Margherita de' Medici

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans (28 July 1645 – 17 September 1721) was a French princess who became grand duchess of Tuscany as the wife of Grand Duke Cosimo III de' Medici.

See House of Medici and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans

Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure (in her own right).

See House of Medici and Maria Theresa

Marie de' Medici

Marie de' Medici (Marie de Médicis; Maria de' Medici; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV.

See House of Medici and Marie de' Medici

Marie de' Medici cycle

The Marie de' Medici Cycle is a series of twenty-four paintings by Peter Paul Rubens commissioned by Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France, for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris.

See House of Medici and Marie de' Medici cycle

Marriage of convenience

A marriage of convenience is a marriage contracted for reasons other than that of love and commitment.

See House of Medici and Marriage of convenience

Martin Luther

Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.

See House of Medici and Martin Luther

Masaccio

Masaccio (December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Masaccio

Medici Bank

The Medici Bank (Italian: Banco dei Medici) was a financial institution created by the Medici family in Italy during the 15th century (1397–1494). House of Medici and Medici Bank are banking families.

See House of Medici and Medici Bank

Medici Chapels

The Medici Chapels (Cappelle medicee) are two chapels built between the 16th and 17th centuries as an extension to the Basilica of San Lorenzo, in the Italian city of Florence.

See House of Medici and Medici Chapels

Medici porcelain

Medici porcelain was the first successful attempt in Europe to make imitations of Chinese porcelain, though it was soft-paste porcelain rather than the hard-paste made in Asia.

See House of Medici and Medici porcelain

Medici Vase

The Medici Vase is a monumental marble bell-shaped krater sculpted in Athens in the second half of the 1st century AD as a garden ornament for the Roman market.

See House of Medici and Medici Vase

Medici villas

The Medici villas are a series of rural building complexes in Tuscany which were owned by members of the Medici family between the 15th century and the 17th century.

See House of Medici and Medici villas

Mentorship

Mentorship is the patronage, influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor.

See House of Medici and Mentorship

Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Michelangelo

Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

See House of Medici and Milan

Montefeltro

Montefeltro is a historical and geographical region in northern Italy.

See House of Medici and Montefeltro

Mordant

A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e., bind) dyes on fabrics.

See House of Medici and Mordant

Morus (plant)

Morus, a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of 19 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions.

See House of Medici and Morus (plant)

Mugello

The Mugello is a historic region and valley in northern Tuscany, in Italy, corresponding to the course of the River Sieve.

See House of Medici and Mugello

New World

The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.

See House of Medici and New World

Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was a Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian who lived during the Italian Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Niccolò Machiavelli

Nobility of Italy

The nobility of Italy (Italian: Nobiltà italiana) comprised individuals and their families of the Italian Peninsula, and the islands linked with it, recognized by the sovereigns of the Italian city-states since the Middle Ages, and by the kings of Italy after the unification of the region into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.

See House of Medici and Nobility of Italy

Opera

Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers.

See House of Medici and Opera

Order of Saint Stephen

The Order of Saint Stephen (officially Sacro Militare Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire, 'Holy Military Order of St. Stephen Pope and Martyr') is a Roman Catholic Tuscan dynastic military order founded in 1561.

See House of Medici and Order of Saint Stephen

Ordinances of Justice

The Ordinances of Justice were a series of statutory laws enacted in the Republic of Florence of northern Italy between the years 1293 and 1295.

See House of Medici and Ordinances of Justice

Ottaviano de' Medici

Ottaviano de' Medici (11 July 1484 – 28 May 1546) was an Italian politician.

See House of Medici and Ottaviano de' Medici

Palace

A palace is a large residence, often serving as a royal residence or the home for a head of state or another high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.

See House of Medici and Palace

Palazzo Medici Riccardi

The Palazzo Medici, also called the Palazzo Medici Riccardi after the later family that acquired and expanded it, is a Renaissance palace located in Florence, Italy.

See House of Medici and Palazzo Medici Riccardi

Palazzo Pitti

The Palazzo Pitti, in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy.

See House of Medici and Palazzo Pitti

Palazzo Vecchio

The italic ("Old Palace") is the town hall of Florence, Italy.

See House of Medici and Palazzo Vecchio

Papal States

The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.

See House of Medici and Papal States

Paul Strathern

Paul Strathern (born 1940) is a Scots-Irish writer and academic.

See House of Medici and Paul Strathern

Pazzi

The Pazzi were a powerful family in the Republic of Florence. House of Medici and Pazzi are banking families and italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Pazzi

Pazzi conspiracy

The Pazzi conspiracy (Congiura dei Pazzi) was a failed plot by members of the Pazzi family and others to displace the Medici family as rulers of Renaissance Florence.

See House of Medici and Pazzi conspiracy

PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

See House of Medici and PBS

Peter Paul Rubens

Sir Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat.

See House of Medici and Peter Paul Rubens

Philip V of Spain

Philip V (Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724 and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746.

See House of Medici and Philip V of Spain

Piano

The piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, through engagement of an action whose hammers strike strings.

See House of Medici and Piano

Piero di Cosimo de' Medici

Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, known as Piero the Gouty (Piero "il Gottoso"), (1416 – 2 December 1469) was the de facto ruler of Florence from 1464 to 1469, during the Italian Renaissance. House of Medici and Piero di Cosimo de' Medici are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Piero di Cosimo de' Medici

Piero Soderini

Piero di Tommaso Soderini (March 17, 1451 – June 13, 1522), also known as Pier Soderini, was an Italian statesman of the Republic of Florence. House of Medici and Piero Soderini are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Piero Soderini

Piero the Unfortunate

Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici (15 February 1472 – 28 December 1503), called Piero the Fatuous or Piero the Unfortunate, was the lord of Florence from 1492 until his exile in 1494. House of Medici and Piero the Unfortunate are heads of state of Florence.

See House of Medici and Piero the Unfortunate

Pisa

Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

See House of Medici and Pisa

Political family

A political family (also referred to as political dynasty) is a family in which multiple members are involved in politics — particularly electoral politics.

See House of Medici and Political family

Pope

The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.

See House of Medici and Pope

Pope Clement VII

Pope Clement VII (Clemens VII; Clemente VII; born Giulio de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534.

See House of Medici and Pope Clement VII

Pope Innocent VIII

Pope Innocent VIII (Innocentius VIII; Innocenzo VIII; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death, in July 1492.

See House of Medici and Pope Innocent VIII

Pope Leo X

Pope Leo X (Leone X; born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, 11 December 14751 December 1521) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death, in December 1521.

See House of Medici and Pope Leo X

Pope Leo XI

Pope Leo XI (Leone XI; 2 June 153527 April 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 April 1605 to his death, on 27 April 1605.

See House of Medici and Pope Leo XI

Pope Paul III

Pope Paul III (Paulus III; Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death, in November 1549.

See House of Medici and Pope Paul III

Pope Paul V

Pope Paul V (Paulus V; Paolo V) (17 September 1550 – 28 January 1621), born Camillo Borghese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 16 May 1605 to his death, in January 1621.

See House of Medici and Pope Paul V

Pope Pius II

Pope Pius II (Pius PP., Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death.

See House of Medici and Pope Pius II

Pope Pius IV

Pope Pius IV (Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death, in December 1565.

See House of Medici and Pope Pius IV

Pope Sixtus IV

Pope Sixtus IV (Sisto IV; born Francesco della Rovere; 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death, in August 1484.

See House of Medici and Pope Sixtus IV

Pope Urban VIII

Pope Urban VIII (Urbanus VIII; Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644.

See House of Medici and Pope Urban VIII

Potassium alum

Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound first found mentioned under various Sanskrit names in Ayurvedic medicinal texts such as Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, and Ashtang Hridaya; is chemically defined as the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.

See House of Medici and Potassium alum

Princes of Ottajano

The Princes of Ottajano (or Ottaiano) are a cadet branch of the ducal dynasty of Tuscany.

See House of Medici and Princes of Ottajano

Proportional tax

A proportional tax is a tax imposed so that the tax rate is fixed, with no change as the taxable base amount increases or decreases.

See House of Medici and Proportional tax

Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Raphael

Reformation

The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.

See House of Medici and Reformation

Regent

In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to govern a state for the time being because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined.

See House of Medici and Regent

Renaissance art

Renaissance art (1350 – 1620) is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music, science, and technology.

See House of Medici and Renaissance art

Representative democracy

Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.

See House of Medici and Representative democracy

Republic of Florence

The Republic of Florence (Repubblica di Firenze), known officially as the Florentine Republic (Repubblica Fiorentina), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany, Italy.

See House of Medici and Republic of Florence

Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna; Repubblica di Genova; Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.

See House of Medici and Republic of Genoa

Republic of Siena

The Republic of Siena (Repubblica di Siena, Respublica Senensis) was a historic state consisting of the city of Siena and its surrounding territory in Tuscany, central Italy.

See House of Medici and Republic of Siena

Roman Curia

The Roman Curia (Romana Curia) comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Roman Catholic Church are conducted.

See House of Medici and Roman Curia

Roman Inquisition

The Roman Inquisition, formally, was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according to Catholic law and doctrine, relating to Catholic religious life or alternative religious or secular beliefs.

See House of Medici and Roman Inquisition

Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

See House of Medici and Rome

Sack of Rome (1527)

The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during the War of the League of Cognac.

See House of Medici and Sack of Rome (1527)

Saint Nicholas

Saint Nicholas of Myra (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Patara in Anatolia (in modern-day Antalya Province, Turkey) during the time of the Roman Empire.

See House of Medici and Saint Nicholas

Salvestro de' Medici

Salvestro di Alamanno de' Medici (c. 1331 – 1388) was a former Gonfaloniere and Provost of the city of Florence.

See House of Medici and Salvestro de' Medici

Salviati family

The Salviati were an important family in the Republic of Florence. House of Medici and Salviati family are banking families and italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Salviati family

Sandro Botticelli

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (– May 17, 1510), better known as Sandro Botticelli or simply Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.

See House of Medici and Sandro Botticelli

Secundogeniture

A secundogeniture (from secundus 'following, second', and genitus 'born') was a dependent territory given to a younger son of a princely house and his descendants, creating a cadet branch.

See House of Medici and Secundogeniture

Sidereus Nuncius

Sidereus Nuncius (usually Sidereal Messenger, also Starry Messenger or Sidereal Message) is a short astronomical treatise (or pamphlet) published in Neo-Latin by Galileo Galilei on March 13, 1610.

See House of Medici and Sidereus Nuncius

Siege of Florence (1529–1530)

The siege of Florence took place from 24 October 1529 to 10 August 1530, at the end of the War of the League of Cognac.

See House of Medici and Siege of Florence (1529–1530)

Siena

Siena (Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.

See House of Medici and Siena

Signoria

A signoria was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.

See House of Medici and Signoria

Signoria of Florence

The Signoria of Florence (Italian: "lordship") was the government of the medieval and Renaissance Republic of Florence, between 1250 and 1532.

See House of Medici and Signoria of Florence

Sistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel (Sacellum Sixtinum; Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the pope's official residence in Vatican City.

See House of Medici and Sistine Chapel

A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.

See House of Medici and Social network

Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

See House of Medici and Spain

St. Peter's Basilica

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Basilica Sancti Petri; Basilica di San Pietro), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy.

See House of Medici and St. Peter's Basilica

Strozzi family

The House of Strozzi is the name of an ancient (later noble) Florentine family, who like their great rivals the House of Medici, began in banking before moving into politics. House of Medici and Strozzi family are italian noble families.

See House of Medici and Strozzi family

Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

See House of Medici and Suzerainty

The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)

The Last Judgment (Il Giudizio Universale) is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Michelangelo covering the whole altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City.

See House of Medici and The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)

The Prince

The Prince (Il Principe; De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by the Italian diplomat, philosopher, and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli in the form of a realistic instruction guide for new princes.

See House of Medici and The Prince

Tim Parks

Timothy Harold Parks (born 19 December 1954) is a British novelist, author of nonfiction, translator from Italian to English, and professor of literature.

See House of Medici and Tim Parks

Tolfa

Tolfa is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy; it lies to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road.

See House of Medici and Tolfa

Townhouse

A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home, is a type of terraced housing.

See House of Medici and Townhouse

Transfiguration (Raphael)

The Transfiguration is the last painting by the Italian High Renaissance master Raphael.

See House of Medici and Transfiguration (Raphael)

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.

See House of Medici and Tuberculosis

Tuscany

Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.

See House of Medici and Tuscany

Tuscia

Tuscia is a historical region of central Italy that comprises part of the territories under Etruscan influence, or Etruria, named so since the Roman conquest.

See House of Medici and Tuscia

Uffizi

The Uffizi Gallery (italic) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

See House of Medici and Uffizi

Vieri de' Medici

Vieri di Cambio de' Medici (1323 – 13 or 14 September 1395) was a Florentine banker, a distant relative of the Medici banking dynasty.

See House of Medici and Vieri de' Medici

Violante Beatrice of Bavaria

Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (Violante Beatrix; 23 January 167330 May 1731) was Grand Princess of Tuscany as the wife of Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany and Governor of Siena from 1717 until her death.

See House of Medici and Violante Beatrice of Bavaria

Visconti of Milan

The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. House of Medici and Visconti of Milan are italian noble families and Roman Catholic families.

See House of Medici and Visconti of Milan

Vittoria della Rovere

Vittoria della Rovere (7 February 1622 – 5 March 1694) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of Grand Duke Ferdinando II.

See House of Medici and Vittoria della Rovere

W. W. Norton & Company

W.

See House of Medici and W. W. Norton & Company

War of the Polish Succession

The War of the Polish Succession (Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests.

See House of Medici and War of the Polish Succession

Wars of Castro

The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649.

See House of Medici and Wars of Castro

Western Christianity

Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other).

See House of Medici and Western Christianity

Will and testament

A will and testament is a legal document that expresses a person's (testator) wishes as to how their property (estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person (executor) is to manage the property until its final distribution.

See House of Medici and Will and testament

See also

Heads of state of Florence

• Bernardo Guadagni
• Cosimo de' Medici
• Dukes of Florence
• Girolamo Savonarola
• Grand Dukes of Tuscany
• House of Medici
• Ippolito de' Medici
• List of heads of state of Florence
• List of mayors of Florence
• Lorenzo de' Medici
• Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
• Piero Soderini
• Piero di Cosimo de' Medici
• Piero the Unfortunate
• Walter VI, Count of Brienne

Papal families

• Albani family
• Aldobrandini family
• Altieri family
• Anicia gens
• Barberini family
• Barbo family
• Boncompagni
• Borghese family
• Braschi family
• Carafa family
• Cesi family
• Chigi family
• Colonna family
• Conti di Segni
• Counts of Segni
• Crescentii
• Cybo family
• Cybo-Malaspina
• Della Rovere
• Della Rovere family
• Doria-Pamphili-Landi
• Erba-Odescalchi
• Fieschi family
• Giovanni Battista Savelli
• House of Borghese
• House of Borgia
• House of Carafa
• House of Chigi
• House of Farnese
• House of Medici
• House of Piccolomini
• House of Pignatelli
• House of Visconti
• Ludovisi (family)
• Ludovisi family
• Mancini family
• Massimo family
• Orsini family
• Ottoboni family
• Pamphili family
• Piccolomini
• Prince of Belmonte
• Rospigliosi family
• Salian dynasty
• Savelli family

People from the Republic of Florence

• Henry of Settimello
• House of Medici
• List of heads of state of Florence
• Medici family tree
• Michelangelo and the Medici

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici

Also known as De Medici, De' Medici, Family de' Medici, House Medici, Italian family Medici, Medicean, Medichi, Medici, Medici Dynasty, Medici Family, Medici, House of, Médicis, The Medici family, The Medicis, The medici.

, Duchy of Florence, Duchy of Lorraine, Duchy of Urbino, Duke of Nemours, Duke of the Florentine Republic, Dutch Republic, DVD, Dynasty, Edema, Elba, Eleanor de' Medici, Eleanor of Toledo, Elisabeth Farnese, Elisabeth of Valois, Feces, Ferdinand Schevill, Ferdinando I de' Medici, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Ferrara, Festina lente, Filippo Brunelleschi, Florence, Florence Cathedral, Floruit, Fra Angelico, France, Francesco I de' Medici, Francesco Maria de' Medici, Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Francesco Redi, Francesco Salviati (bishop), Franchising, Francis I of France, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, French Wars of Religion, Galilean moons, Galileo Galilei, Gavardo, General ledger, Gian Gastone de' Medici, Giorgio Vasari, Giovanni delle Bande Nere, Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, Girolamo Savonarola, Giuliano de' Medici, Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Gout, Gran maestro, Gran Tavola, Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Guild, Harold Acton, Hegemony, Henry II of France, Henry IV of France, Herbert Millingchamp Vaughan, Heresy, High Renaissance, Holy See, House of Bonaparte, House of Borgia, House of Bourbon, House of Este, House of Gonzaga, House of Habsburg, House of Lorraine, House of Sforza, Humanism, Institution, Ippolito de' Medici, Italian Renaissance, Italian War of 1494–1495, Italy, Jean Lucas-Dubreton, Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, Jupiter, Leonardo da Vinci, Leopoldo de' Medici, List of banking families, List of French royal consorts, List of grand dukes of Tuscany, List of heads of state of Florence, List of popes from the Medici family, Livorno, Lorenzino de' Medici, Lorenzo de' Medici, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, Lorenzo the Elder, Louis XI, Louis XIII, Luxembourg Palace, Macmillan Publishers, Maddalena de' Medici (1473–1528), Mantua, Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain, Margaret of Parma, Margherita de' Medici, Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Maria Theresa, Marie de' Medici, Marie de' Medici cycle, Marriage of convenience, Martin Luther, Masaccio, Medici Bank, Medici Chapels, Medici porcelain, Medici Vase, Medici villas, Mentorship, Michelangelo, Milan, Montefeltro, Mordant, Morus (plant), Mugello, New World, Niccolò Machiavelli, Nobility of Italy, Opera, Order of Saint Stephen, Ordinances of Justice, Ottaviano de' Medici, Palace, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Vecchio, Papal States, Paul Strathern, Pazzi, Pazzi conspiracy, PBS, Peter Paul Rubens, Philip V of Spain, Piano, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, Piero Soderini, Piero the Unfortunate, Pisa, Political family, Pope, Pope Clement VII, Pope Innocent VIII, Pope Leo X, Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul III, Pope Paul V, Pope Pius II, Pope Pius IV, Pope Sixtus IV, Pope Urban VIII, Potassium alum, Princes of Ottajano, Proportional tax, Raphael, Reformation, Regent, Renaissance art, Representative democracy, Republic of Florence, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Siena, Roman Curia, Roman Inquisition, Rome, Sack of Rome (1527), Saint Nicholas, Salvestro de' Medici, Salviati family, Sandro Botticelli, Secundogeniture, Sidereus Nuncius, Siege of Florence (1529–1530), Siena, Signoria, Signoria of Florence, Sistine Chapel, Social network, Spain, St. Peter's Basilica, Strozzi family, Suzerainty, The Last Judgment (Michelangelo), The Prince, Tim Parks, Tolfa, Townhouse, Transfiguration (Raphael), Tuberculosis, Tuscany, Tuscia, Uffizi, Vieri de' Medici, Violante Beatrice of Bavaria, Visconti of Milan, Vittoria della Rovere, W. W. Norton & Company, War of the Polish Succession, Wars of Castro, Western Christianity, Will and testament.