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Iranian Revolution, the Glossary

The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.^[1]

Abadan, Iran

Abadan (آبادان) is a city in the Central District of Abadan County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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Abbas Gharabaghi

Arteshbod Abbas Gharabaghi (عباس قره‌باغی.; 1 November 1918 – 14 October 2000) was an Iranian general who was the last chief of staff of the Iranian Armed Forces as well as deputy commander-in-chief of the Iranian Imperial Army under the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

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Abbas Milani

Abbas Malekzadeh Milani (عباس ملک‌زاده میلانی; born 1949) is an Iranian-American historian, educator, and author.

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Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi

Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi (عبدالکریمحائری یزدی; عبد الكريمالحائري اليزدي; 1859 – 30 January 1937) was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar and marja.

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Abolhassan Banisadr

Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr (سید ابوالحسن بنی‌صدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident.

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Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

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Adam Roberts (scholar)

Sir Adam Roberts (born 29 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford, a senior research fellow in Oxford University's Department of Politics and International Relations, and an emeritus fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.

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Afshin Molavi

Afshin Molavi (افشین مولوی) is an Iranian-American author and expert on global geopolitical risk and geo-economics, particularly the Middle East and Asia.

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Aftermath of the Iranian Revolution

Following the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew the Shah of Iran, in February 1979, Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode" from this time until 1982 or 1983 when forces loyal to the revolution's leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, consolidated power. Iranian Revolution and Aftermath of the Iranian Revolution are 1979 in Iran, civil wars in Iran, conflicts involving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Ruhollah Khomeini.

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Ahmad Qavam

Ahmad Qavam (2 January 1873 – 23 July 1955; احمد قوام), also known as Qavam os-Saltaneh (قوامالسلطنه), was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran five times.

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Ahmad Shah Qajar

Ahmad Shah Qajar (احمد شاه قاجار&lrm;; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was the Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Akbar Rafsanjani

Ali Akbar Hashimi Bahramani Rafsanjani (25 August 19348 January 2017) was an Iranian politician and writer who served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 to 1997.

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Alex Vatanka

Alex Vatanka (Persian: آلکس وطنخواه) is a senior fellow and the founding director of the Iran program at the Middle East Institute in Washington, D.C. He specializes in Iranian domestic and regional policies.

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Algiers Accords

The Algiers Accords of January 19, 1981 was a set of obligations and commitments undertaken independently by the United States and Iran to resolve the Iran hostage crisis, brokered by the Algerian government and signed in Algiers on January 19, 1981. Iranian Revolution and Algiers Accords are Iran–United States relations.

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Ali Khamenei

Seyyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei (translit,; born 19 April 1939) is an Iranian Twelver Shia marja' and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989.

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Ali Shariati

Ali Shariati Mazinani (علی شریعتی مزینانی, 23 November 1933 – 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the sociology of religion.

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Alireza Nobari

Alireza Nobari is the former Governor of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Bank Markazi Iran).

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Allen Dulles

Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was an American lawyer who was the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and its longest serving director to date.

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In American media, the term Americanization is used to describe the censoring and editing of a foreign TV show or movie that is bought by an American station.

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Amir-Abbas Hoveyda

Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (Amīr 'Abbās Hoveyda; 18 February 1919 – 7 April 1979) was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.

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Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case

The United Kingdom v Iran (also known as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case) was a public international law dispute between the UK and Iran.

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Anglo-Persian Oil Company

The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; شرکت نفت ایران و انگلیس) was a British company founded in 1909 following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Persia (Iran).

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Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran or Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia was the joint invasion of the neutral Imperial State of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union in August 1941.

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Anti-Americanism

Anti-Americanism (also called anti-American sentiment and Americanophobia) is a term that can describe several sentiments and positions including opposition to, fear of, distrust of, prejudice against or hatred toward the United States, its government, its foreign policy, or Americans in general.

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Anti-Western sentiment

Anti-Western sentiment, also known as anti-Atlanticism or Westernophobia, refers to broad opposition, bias, or hostility towards the people, culture, or policies of the Western world.

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Anti-Zionism

Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism.

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Apartheid

Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.

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Apostasy in Islam

Apostasy in Islam (translit or label) is commonly defined as the abandonment of Islam by a Muslim, in thought, word, or through deed.

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Appeasement

Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power with intention to avoid conflict.

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Arab world

The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.

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Argo (2012 film)

Argo is a 2012 American biographical historical drama thriller film directed, produced by, and starring Ben Affleck.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

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Ashura

Ashura is a day of commemoration in Islam.

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Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution

The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution (مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent assembly in Iran that was convened in 1979 to condense and ratify the draft prepared beforehand for the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution

Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Autocracy

Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.

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Ayatollah

Ayatollah (âyatollâh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran that came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

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Azadi Square

Azadi Square (میدان آزادی meaning "Freedom Square" or "Liberty Square"), formerly known as Shahyad Square (Persian: میدان شهیاد Meydāne Ŝahyād meaning "Remembrance of Shah Square"), is a mainly green city square in Tehran, Iran.

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Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (italic), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq and Turkey to the west, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan proper to the north.

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Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution was the Shia Islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with a theocratic Islamic Republic led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Iranian Revolution and Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution are protests in Iran.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Baháʼí Faith

The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people.

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Bantam Books

Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group.

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Basij

The Basij (بسيج, lit. "The Mobilization") or Niru-ye Moghāvemat-e Basij (نیروی مقاومت بسیج, "Resistance Mobilization Force"), full name Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (سازمان بسیج مستضعفین, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is a paramilitary volunteer militia within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and one of its five branches.

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Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala (maʿraka Karbalāʾ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at Karbala, Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq).

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Bazaari

Bazaari (Persian: بازاری) is the merchant class and workers of bazaars, the traditional marketplaces of Iran.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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BBC News Online

BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.

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BBC Radio 4

BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC.

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BBC World Service

The BBC World Service is an international broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC.

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Behesht-e Zahra

Behesht-e Zahra (بهشت زهرا, lit. The Paradise of Zahra, from Fatima az-Zahra) is the largest cemetery in Iran.

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Ben Affleck

Benjamin Géza Affleck (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor and filmmaker.

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Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis, (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specialized in Oriental studies.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is not compliant with an institutional set of rules.

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Bobby Sands

Robert Gerard Sands (Roibeárd Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981) was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland.

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Boeing 747

The Boeing 747 is a long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2023.

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Bonyad

Bonyads (بنیاد "Foundation") are charitable trusts in Iran that play a major role in Iran's economy.

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Bottleneck (production)

In production and project management, a bottleneck is a process in a chain of processes, such that its limited capacity reduces the capacity of the whole chain.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Canadian Caper

The "Canadian Caper" was the joint covert rescue by the Canadian government and the CIA of six American diplomats who had evaded capture during the seizure of the United States embassy in Tehran, Iran, on November 4, 1979, after the Iranian Revolution, when Islamist students took most of the American embassy personnel hostage, demanding the return of the US-backed Shah for trial. Iranian Revolution and Canadian Caper are Iran–United States relations.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Capitulation (treaty)

A capitulation is a treaty or unilateral contract by which a sovereign state relinquishes jurisdiction within its borders over the subjects of a foreign state.

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Casualties of the Iranian Revolution

Casualties of the Iranian Revolution refers to those who lost their lives during the Iranian Revolution. Iranian Revolution and Casualties of the Iranian Revolution are 1979 in Iran, 20th-century revolutions, civil wars in Iran, history of civil rights and liberties in Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, protests in Iran and rebellions in Iran.

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Censorship in Iran

In Iran, censorship was ranked among the world's most extreme in 2024.

See Iranian Revolution and Censorship in Iran

Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Chador

A chādor (Persian, lit), also variously spelled in English as chadah, chad(d)ar, chader, chud(d)ah, chadur, and naturalized as, is an outer garment or open cloak worn by many women in the Persian-influenced countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and to a lesser extent Tajikistan, as well as in Shia communities in Iraq, Bahrain, and Qatif in Saudi Arabia in public spaces or outdoors.

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Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a communist victory and control of mainland China. Iranian Revolution and Chinese Civil War are 20th-century revolutions.

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Cinema Rex fire

The Cinema Rex fire happened on 19 August 1978 when the Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran was set ablaze, killing between 377 and 470 people. Iranian Revolution and Cinema Rex fire are 1978 in Iran.

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Civil disorder

Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, civil strife, or turmoil, are situations when law enforcement struggle to maintain public order or tranquility.

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Civil resistance

Civil resistance is a form of political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Cold War History (journal)

Cold War History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of the Cold War.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.

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Combatant Clergy Association

The Combatant Clergy Association (Jâme'e-ye Ruhâniat-e Mobârez) is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense.

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Commando

Royal Marines from 40 Commando on patrol in the Sangin area of Afghanistan are picturedA commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Concession (politics)

In politics, a concession is the act of a losing candidate publicly yielding to a winning candidate after an election after the overall result of the vote has become clear.

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Confederation of Iranian Students

Confederation of Iranian Students National Union (کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیهٔ ملی; Konfederāsiyon-e Jahāni-ye Mohasselin va Dāneshjuyān-e Irāni – Ettehādiye-ye Melli, simply known as the Confederation, or the Federation of Iranian Students) was an international non-governmental organization purposed as the students' union of Iranians studying abroad active during the 1960s and 1970s.

See Iranian Revolution and Confederation of Iranian Students

Conspiracy theories about the Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution of 1979, in which Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by an Islamist government led by Ruhollah Khomeini, has been the subject of conspiracy theories alleging Western involvement, in particular, that the United States and the United Kingdom secretly opposed the Shah because his White Revolution and Iran's growing independence was unfavorable to their interests in Iranian petroleum. Iranian Revolution and conspiracy theories about the Iranian Revolution are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Conspiracy theories about the Iranian Revolution

Constitution of Iran

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran) is the supreme law of Iran. Iranian Revolution and Constitution of Iran are 1979 in Iran and 1979 in politics.

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Constitutional monarchy

Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.

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Constitutionalism

Constitutionalism is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law".

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Corporal punishment

A corporal punishment or a physical punishment is a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain to a person.

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Corps

Corps (plural corps; from French corps, from the Latin corpus "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization.

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Council of the Islamic Revolution

The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmi) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. Iranian Revolution and Council of the Islamic Revolution are Ruhollah Khomeini.

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Counter-revolutionary

A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part.

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Coup de grâce

A coup de grâce ('blow of mercy') is a death blow to end the suffering of a severely wounded person or animal.

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Court-martial

A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.

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Cultural Revolution in Iran

The Cultural Revolution (1980–1983; انقلاب فرهنگی.: Enqelābe Farhangi) was a period following the Iranian Revolution, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences, (including traditionalist unpolitical Islamic doctrines) to align them with the revolutionary and political Islam. Iranian Revolution and Cultural Revolution in Iran are Ruhollah Khomeini.

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Culture of Iran

The culture of Iran or culture of PersiaYarshater, Ehsan, Iranian Studies, vol.

See Iranian Revolution and Culture of Iran

Culture of the United States

The culture of the United States of America, also referred to as American culture, encompasses various social behaviors, institutions, and norms in the United States, including forms of speech, literature, music, visual arts, performing arts, food, sports, religion, law, technology as well as other customs, beliefs, and forms of knowledge.

See Iranian Revolution and Culture of the United States

Curfew

A curfew is an order that imposes certain regulations during specified hours.

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Cyrus the Great

Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.

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Cyrus Vance

Cyrus Roberts Vance Sr. (March 27, 1917January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980.

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Dalia Sofer

Dalia Sofer (دالیا سوفر, born 1972) is an Iranian-born American writer.

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Dariush Forouhar

Dariush Forouhar (داریوش فروهر; 18 August 1928 – 22 November 1998) was an Iranian pan-Iranist politician and leader of Nation Party of Iran.

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Deadly force

Deadly force, also known as lethal force, is the use of force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person.

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Death by burning

Death by burning is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat.

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Democracy

Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.

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Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan

The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān), also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq.

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Diplomatic immunity

Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are recognized as having legal immunity from the jurisdiction of another country.

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Doshan Tappeh Air Base

Doshan Tappeh Airport is located in the Piroozi street (Formerly Farahabad) east of Tehran, the capital of Iran.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Ebrahim Yazdi

Ebrahim Yazdi (ابراهیمیزدی; 26 September 1931 – 27 August 2017) was an Iranian politician, pharmacist, and diplomat who served as deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs in the interim government of Mehdi Bazargan, until his resignation in November 1979, in protest at the Iran hostage crisis.

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Economic sanctions

Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals.

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Economy of Iran

Iran is a mixed economy with a large public sector.

See Iranian Revolution and Economy of Iran

Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (lit) is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha).

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Election

An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.

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Emadeddin Baghi

Emadeddin Baghi (born 25 April 1962) is an Iranian Journalist, human rights activist, prisoners' rights advocate, investigative journalist, theologian and writer.

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Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran

The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Tehran is the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Embassy of the United States, Tehran

The Embassy of the United States of America in Tehran was the American diplomatic mission in the Imperial State of Iran. Iranian Revolution and Embassy of the United States, Tehran are Iran–United States relations.

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Encarta

Microsoft Encarta is a discontinued digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft from 1993 to 2009.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Ervand Abrahamian

Ervand Abrahamian (born 1940) is an Iranian-American historian of the Middle East.

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Ettela'at

Ettela'at (lit) is a Persian-language daily newspaper of record published in Tehran, Iran.

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Euphoria

Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.

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The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.

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Fada'iyan-e Islam

Fadayan-e Islam (فدائیان اسلام; English; "Fedayeen of Islam" or "Self-Sacrificers of Islam") is a Shia fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activist political and terrorist orientation.

See Iranian Revolution and Fada'iyan-e Islam

Fajr decade

The Fajr decade (lit) is a ten-day celebration of Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran in 1979. Iranian Revolution and Fajr decade are 1979 in Iran and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Fajr decade

Fatwa

A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government.

See Iranian Revolution and Fatwa

Fazlollah Zahedi

Fazlollah Zahedi (Fazlollāh Zāhedi, pronounced; 17 May 1892 – 2 September 1963) was an Iranian lieutenant general, statesman, and military strongman who replaced the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh through a coup d'état supported by the United States and the United Kingdom.

See Iranian Revolution and Fazlollah Zahedi

Federal government of Iraq

The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, democratic, federal parliamentary republic.

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Federal Research Division

The Federal Research Division (FRD) is the research and analysis unit of the United States Library of Congress.

See Iranian Revolution and Federal Research Division

Fereydoon Hoveyda

Fereydoon Hoveyda (فریدون هویدا. Fereydūn Hoveyda, 21 September 1924 – 3 November 2006) was an Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker.

See Iranian Revolution and Fereydoon Hoveyda

Fifth column

A fifth column is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation.

See Iranian Revolution and Fifth column

Fiqh

Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.

See Iranian Revolution and Fiqh

Forqan Group

Forqan Group (گروه فرقان, named after Sura Al-Furqan) was an Iranian opposition militant group with clandestine cell system adhering to a Shia anti-clerical Islamist ideology.

See Iranian Revolution and Forqan Group

Frank Cass

Frank Cass (11 July 1930 – 9 August 2007) was a British publisher.

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Frankfurter Neue Presse

The Frankfurter Neue Presse (FNP; "Frankfurt New Press") is a German daily newspaper based in Frankfurt am Main and focused on local and regional topics.

See Iranian Revolution and Frankfurter Neue Presse

Freedom Movement of Iran

The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists".

See Iranian Revolution and Freedom Movement of Iran

General strike

A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal.

See Iranian Revolution and General strike

Gharbzadegi

Gharbzadegi (غرب‌زدگی) is a pejorative Persian term translated among other ways as 'Westernized', 'West-struck-ness', 'Westoxification'.

See Iranian Revolution and Gharbzadegi

Gholam Ali Oveissi

Arteshbod Gholam-Ali Oveissi (غلامعلی اویسی&lrm;; 16 April 1918 – 7 February 1984) was an Iranian general and the Chief Commander of the Imperial Iranian Armed Forces under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and Gholam Ali Oveissi

Gholam Reza Azhari

Arteshbod Gholam Reza Azhari (غلامرضا ازهاری.; 18 February 1912 – 5 November 2001) was an Iranian military leader who served as the 39th and penultimate Prime Minister of Iran under the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and Gholam Reza Azhari

Goethe-Institut

The Goethe-Institut (GI, Goethe Institute) is a non-profit German cultural association operational worldwide with 159 institutes, promoting the study of the German language abroad and encouraging international cultural exchange and relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Goethe-Institut

Goharshad Mosque rebellion

The Goharshad Mosque rebellion (واقعه مسجد گوهرشاد) took place in August 1935, when a backlash against the westernizing and secularist policies of Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty erupted in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Revolution and Goharshad Mosque rebellion are protests in Iran and rebellions in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Goharshad Mosque rebellion

Gonbad-e Kavus

Gonbad-e Kavus (گنبد کاووس) is a city in the Central District of Gonbad-e Kavus County, Golestan Province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

See Iranian Revolution and Gonbad-e Kavus

Good governance

Good governance is the process of measuring how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for the rule of law.

See Iranian Revolution and Good governance

Grand Mosque seizure

The Grand Mosque seizure was a siege that took place between 20 November and 4 December 1979 at the Grand Mosque of Mecca, one the holiest Islamic sites in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

See Iranian Revolution and Grand Mosque seizure

Guadeloupe Conference

The Guadeloupe Conference was a meeting in Guadeloupe from 4 to 7 January 1979 involving leaders of four Western powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany. Iranian Revolution and Guadeloupe Conference are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Guadeloupe Conference

Guardian Council

The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Shourā-ye Negahbān) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Guardian Council

Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist

The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (ولایت فقیه|Velâyat-e Faqih, also Velayat-e Faghih; Wilāyat al-Faqīh) is a concept in Twelver Shia Islamic law which holds that until the reappearance of the "infallible Imam" (sometime before Judgement Day), at least some of the religious and social affairs of the Muslim world should be administered by righteous Shi'i jurists (Faqīh). Iranian Revolution and Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist

Guests of the Ayatollah

Guests of the Ayatollah: The First Battle in America's War with Militant Islam is a non-fiction work written by Mark Bowden. Iranian Revolution and Guests of the Ayatollah are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Guests of the Ayatollah

Hajj

Hajj (translit; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims.

See Iranian Revolution and Hajj

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953.

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Hezbollah

Hezbollah (Ḥizbu 'llāh) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group, led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.

See Iranian Revolution and Hezbollah

Hezbollah (Iran)

Hezbollah (lit) is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power, initially by attacked demonstrations and offices of newspapers that were critical of Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Hezbollah (Iran)

Hijab

In modern usage, hijab (translit) generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women.

See Iranian Revolution and Hijab

Hijab in Iran

After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Hijab became the mandatory dress code for all Iranian women by the order of Ayatollah Khomeini, the supreme leader of the new Islamic Republic.

See Iranian Revolution and Hijab in Iran

Hijri year

The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويمالهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar.

See Iranian Revolution and Hijri year

History of Iran

The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

See Iranian Revolution and History of Iran

History of the Islamic Republic of Iran

One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and History of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.

See Iranian Revolution and Human rights

Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been regarded as very poor.

See Iranian Revolution and Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Husayn ibn Ali

Imam Husayn ibn Ali (translit; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a social, political and religious leader.

See Iranian Revolution and Husayn ibn Ali

I.B. Tauris

I.B. Tauris is an educational publishing house and imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.

See Iranian Revolution and I.B. Tauris

Imam

Imam (إمام,;: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.

See Iranian Revolution and Imam

Impeachment

Impeachment is a process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct.

See Iranian Revolution and Impeachment

Imperial Guard (Iran)

The Immortal Guard of Imperial Iran (gārd-e jāvidān-e šāhanšāhi-e irān), also known as Imperial Guard (gārd-e šāhanšāhi), was both the personal guard force of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, and an elite combat branch of the Imperial Iranian Army.

See Iranian Revolution and Imperial Guard (Iran)

Imperialism

Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).

See Iranian Revolution and Imperialism

Imprisonment

Imprisonment or incarceration is the restraint of a person's liberty against their will.

See Iranian Revolution and Imprisonment

Injustice

Injustice is a quality relating to unfairness or undeserved outcomes.

See Iranian Revolution and Injustice

Intelligentsia

The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the intelligentsia consists of scholars, academics, teachers, journalists, and literary writers.

See Iranian Revolution and Intelligentsia

Interim Government of Iran

The Interim Government of Iran (Dowlat-e Movaqat-e Irân) was the first government established in Iran after the Iranian Revolution. Iranian Revolution and Interim Government of Iran are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Interim Government of Iran

International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (ICJ; Cour internationale de justice, CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.

See Iranian Revolution and International Court of Justice

International dollar

The international dollar (int'l dollar or intl dollar, symbols Int'l$., Intl$., Int$), also known as Geary–Khamis dollar (symbols G–K$ or GK$), is a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power parity that the U.S. dollar had in the United States at a given point in time.

See Iranian Revolution and International dollar

International Journal of Middle East Studies

The International Journal of Middle East Studies is a scholarly journal published by the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA), a learned society.

See Iranian Revolution and International Journal of Middle East Studies

International rankings of Iran

The following are international rankings for Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and International rankings of Iran

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The organized International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 16million volunteers, members, and staff worldwide.

See Iranian Revolution and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

International sanctions against Iran

There have been a number of international sanctions against Iran imposed by a number of countries, especially the United States, and international entities. Iranian Revolution and international sanctions against Iran are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and International sanctions against Iran

Internews

Internews Network, now Internews, is a 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in California, formed in 1982.

See Iranian Revolution and Internews

Intimidation

Intimidation is a behaviour and legal wrong which usually involves deterring or coercing an individual by threat of violence.

See Iranian Revolution and Intimidation

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran

Iran and Red and Black Colonization

"Iran and Red and Black Colonization" (Irân va este'amâr-e sorx-o siyâh) was an article written by "Ahmad Rashidi Motlagh" published in Ettela'at newspaper on 7 January 1978 (17 Dey 1356 SH or 2536 Shahanshahi).

See Iranian Revolution and Iran and Red and Black Colonization

Since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been accused by several countries of training, financing, and providing weapons and safe havens for non-state militant actors, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and other Palestinian groups such as the Islamic Jihad (IJ) and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Iranian Revolution and Iran and state-sponsored terrorism are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran and state-sponsored terrorism

Iran and the West

Iran and the West a three-part British documentary series shown in February 2009 on BBC Two to mark the 30th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran and the West

Iran Between Two Revolutions

Iran Between Two Revolutions is a book by Ervand Abrahamian that was published in 1982 by Princeton University Press in New Jersey, United States.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran Between Two Revolutions

Iran hostage crisis

The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States. Iranian Revolution and Iran hostage crisis are 1979 in Iran, conflicts involving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran and Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran hostage crisis

Iran Party

The Iran Party (Ḥezb-e Irān) is a socialist and nationalist party in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran Party

Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program

The Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program or Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between I.R. Iran, P.R. China is a 25-year cooperation agreement on the further development of Iran–China relations signed in Tehran by the Chinese and Iranian foreign ministers on 27 March 2021; the final details of the agreement have yet to be officially announced.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program

Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Iranian Revolution and Iran–Iraq War are conflicts involving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran, Iran–United States relations and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran–Iraq War

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

The Iran–Israel proxy conflict, also known as the Iran–Israel proxy war or Iran–Israel Cold War, is an ongoing proxy conflict between Iran and Israel. Iranian Revolution and Iran–Israel proxy conflict are conflicts involving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Iranian diaspora

The Iranian diaspora, also known as Iranian expats, are Iranian citizens or people of Iranian descent living outside Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian diaspora

Iranian Gendarmerie

The Iranian Gendarmerie (Persian: ژاندارمری ایران), also called the Government Gendarmerie (Žāndārmirī-ye Daulatī), was the first rural police force, and subsequent modern highway patrol, in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian Gendarmerie

Iranian Kurdistan

Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (translit) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian Kurdistan

Iranian nationalism

Iranian nationalismPersian: ملی‌گرایی ایرانی Baloch: راج دوستی ایرانی Kurdish: نەتەوە پەروەریی ئێرانی Gilaki: ایجانایی ایرانی Azerbaijani: İran millətçiliyi Turkmen: Eýranyň milletçiligi Arabic: القومية الإيرانية is nationalism among the people of Iran and individuals whose national identity is Iranian.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian nationalism

Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

The Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IFPG; čerikhā-ye Fadāʾi-e xalq-e Irān), also known as the Dehghani faction (جریان دهقانی) after its leader Ashraf Dehghani, is an Iranian communist organization that split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIFPG) in 1979, dropping the word "organization" from its name.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

Iranian reformists

The Reformists (Eslâh-Talabân) are a political faction in Iran. Iranian Revolution and Iranian reformists are history of civil rights and liberties in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian reformists

Iranian.com

Iranian.com is a website of syndicated Iranian-related news.

See Iranian Revolution and Iranian.com

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Iranian Revolution and Iraq

Iraqi invasion of Iran

The Iraqi invasion of Iran began on 22 September 1980, sparking the Iran–Iraq War, and lasted until 5 December 1980.

See Iranian Revolution and Iraqi invasion of Iran

Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait began on 2 August 1990 and marked the beginning of the Gulf War.

See Iranian Revolution and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Isfahan

Isfahan or Esfahan (اصفهان) is a major city in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Isfahan

Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

See Iranian Revolution and Islam

Islam and gender segregation

Gender segregation in Islamic law, custom, law and traditions refers to the practices and requirements in Islamic countries and communities for the separation of men and boys from women and girls in social and other settings.

See Iranian Revolution and Islam and gender segregation

Islam and Revolution

Islam and Revolution (اسلامو انقلاب) is a two-volume set of writings by Ayatollah/Imam Ruhollah Khomeini, which contain a collection of his speeches and writings. Iranian Revolution and Islam and Revolution are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Islam and Revolution

Islamabad

Islamabad (اسلام&zwnj;آباد|translit.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamabad

Islamic Association of Engineers

The Islamic Association of Engineers (anǰoman-e eslāmī-ye mohandesīn) is a civic and professional association in Iran founded in 1957.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Association of Engineers

Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran

Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran (انجمن اسلامی پزشکان ایران) is an Iranian principlist political party affiliated with the Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran

Islamic Association of Students

Anjoman-e Eslami (Persian: انجمن اسلامی) (Islamic Association, also Anjoman-e Eslami-ye Daneshjouyan (Persian: انجمن اسلامی دانشجویان) Islamic Association of Students) is an Islamic student association in Iran that has backed Iranian reformers such as former President Mohammad Khatami and sponsored lectures by Abdol Karim Soroush and other prominent reformists.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Association of Students

Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran

The Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran (انجمن اسلامی معلمان ایران) is an Iranian reformist teacher's political organization/labor union.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran

Islamic clothing

Islamic clothing is clothing that is interpreted as being in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic clothing

Islamic Coalition Party

The Islamic Coalition Party (ICP; ḥezb-e moʾtalefe-ye eslāmi) is a conservative political party in Iran that favors economic liberalism.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Coalition Party

Islamic Consultative Assembly

The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Consultative Assembly

Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a revivalist and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism in Iran

Traditionally, the thought and practice of Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism in the nation of Iran has referred to various forms of Shi'i Islamic religious revivalism that seek a return to the original texts and the inspiration of the original believers of Islam.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic fundamentalism in Iran

Islamic Government

Islamic Government (translit), or Islamic Government: Jurist's Guardianship (translit)Abrahamian, ''Khomeinism'', 1993: p.11 is a book by the Iranian Shi'i Muslim cleric, jurist and revolutionary, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Iranian Revolution and Islamic Government are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Government

Islamic republic

The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic republic

Islamic Republic of Iran Army

The Islamic Republic of Iran Army (ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران), acronymed AJA (آجا), simply known as the Iranian Army or the Artesh (Arteš,(Ərtēš)), is the conventional military of Iran and part of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republic of Iran Army

Islamic Republican Party

The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) was formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini in their goal to establish theocracy in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republican Party

Islamic revival

Islamic revival (تجديد, lit., "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion, usually centered around enforcing sharia.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic revival

Islamic Revolution Committees

Islamic Revolution Committees or Committees of Islamic Revolution (Komitehāye Enqelābe Eslāmi), simply known as the Committee (Komīte; commonly referred to as Komiteh, pronounced koh-mee-TAY), was a revolutionary organization turned law enforcement agency in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Revolution Committees

Islamic Revolutionary Court

Islamic Revolutionary Court (also Revolutionary Tribunal, Dadgahha-e EnqelabBakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs, Basic Books, 1984, p.59-61) (Persian: دادگاه انقلاب اسلامی) is a special system of courts in the Islamic Republic of Iran designed to try those suspected of crimes such as smuggling, blaspheming, inciting violence, insulting the Supreme Leader, and attempting to overthrow the Islamic government. Iranian Revolution and Islamic Revolutionary Court are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Revolutionary Court

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی), also known as the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, is a multi-service primary branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. Iranian Revolution and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq

The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI or SIIC; المجلس الأعلى الإسلامي العراقي Al-Majlis Al-A'ala Al-Islami Al-'Iraqi; previously known as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, SCIRI) is a Shia Islamist political party in Iraq.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq

Islamic terrorism

Islamic terrorism (also known as Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism) refers to terrorist acts with religious motivations carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamic terrorism

Islamism

Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamism

Islamization in Pakistan

Islamization (اسلامی حکمرانی.) or Shariazation, has a long history in Pakistan since the 1950s, but it became the primary policy, or "centerpiece" of the government of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the ruler of Pakistan from 1977 until his death in 1988.

See Iranian Revolution and Islamization in Pakistan

Island of Stability (speech)

"Island of Stability" is a phrase that became the namesake for a 1977 speech by American president Jimmy Carter, while he was being hosted by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi at the Niavaran Complex in the city of Tehran, Iran. Iranian Revolution and Island of Stability (speech) are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and Island of Stability (speech)

Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

See Iranian Revolution and Israel

Jafar Sharif-Emami

Jafar Sharif-Imami (جعفر شریف‌امامی; 17 June 1912 – 16 June 1998) was an Iranian politician who was prime minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978.

See Iranian Revolution and Jafar Sharif-Emami

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad

Seyyed Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad (جلال آل‌احمد; December 2, 1923September 9, 1969) was a prominent Iranian novelist, short-story writer, translator, philosopher, socio-political critic, sociologist, as well as an anthropologist who was "one of the earliest and most prominent of contemporary Iranian ethnographers".

See Iranian Revolution and Jalal Al-e-Ahmad

Jalaleddin Taheri

Seyyed Jalaleddin Taheri Esfahani (سید جلال‌الدین طاهری اصفهانی, sometimes spelled Jalaluddin Taheri or Jalaleddin Taheri, 1 January 1926 – 2 June 2013) was an Iranian scholar, theologian and Islamic philosopher.

See Iranian Revolution and Jalaleddin Taheri

JAMA (political party)

JAMA (جاما) is an Iranian political party founded in 1964.

See Iranian Revolution and JAMA (political party)

Jamshid Amouzegar

Jamshid Amouzegar (جمشید آموزگار&lrm;; 25 June 1923 – 27 September 2016) was an Iranian economist and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned.

See Iranian Revolution and Jamshid Amouzegar

Jörn Leonhard

Jörn Leonhard (born 27 May 1967 in Birkenfeld) is a historian and professor of Western European History at the History Department of the University of Freiburg since 2006.

See Iranian Revolution and Jörn Leonhard

Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.

See Iranian Revolution and Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini

In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977–1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Iranian Revolution and Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini are 1978 in Iran, 1979 in Iran, Iran–United States relations and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini

John Foster Dulles

John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States secretary of state under president Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 until his resignation in 1959.

See Iranian Revolution and John Foster Dulles

Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

See Iranian Revolution and Judaism

Kafir

Kafir (kāfir; كَافِرُون, كُفَّار, or كَفَرَة; كَافِرَة; كَافِرَات or كَوَافِر) is an Arabic term in Islam which refers to a person who disbelieves the God in Islam, denies his authority, rejects the tenets of Islam, or simply is not a Muslim—one who does not believe in the guidance of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Iranian Revolution and Kafir

Karim Sanjabi

Karim Sanjabi (کریمسنجابی; September 11, 1905 – July 4, 1995) was an Iranian politician, a member of The National Consultative Assembly.

See Iranian Revolution and Karim Sanjabi

Kashf-e hijab

On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran (Persia) issued a decree known as Kashf-e hijab (also Romanized as Kashf-e hijāb and Kashf-e hejāb, lit) banning all Islamic veils (including hijab and chador), an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented.

See Iranian Revolution and Kashf-e hijab

Kaveh Golestan

Kāveh Golestān Taghavi Shirazi (کاوه گلستان.; 8 July 1950 – 2 April 2003) was an Iranian photojournalist and artist.

See Iranian Revolution and Kaveh Golestan

Kessinger Publishing

Kessinger Publishing, LLC is an American print-on-demand publishing company located in Whitefish, Montana, that specializes in rare, out-of-print books.

See Iranian Revolution and Kessinger Publishing

Khomeinism

Khomeinism (also transliterated Khumaynism) refers to the religious and political ideas of the leader of the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini. Iranian Revolution and Khomeinism are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Khomeinism

Khuzestan province

Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Khuzestan province

Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan

The Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan (كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی شۆڕشگێڕی زه‌حمه‌تكێشانی كوردستانی ئێران|Komełey Şorrişgêrrî Zehmetkêşanî Kurdistanî Êran|lit.

See Iranian Revolution and Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan

Land reform

Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership.

See Iranian Revolution and Land reform

Lavizan

Lavizān (لویزان) is a north-eastern neighborhood of Tehran, the capital of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Lavizan

Left-wing guerrilla groups of Iran

Several left-wing guerrilla groups attempting to overthrow the pro-Western regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi were notable and active in Iran from 1971 to 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and Left-wing guerrilla groups of Iran

Legitimation

Legitimation, legitimization (US), or legitimisation (UK) is the act of providing legitimacy.

See Iranian Revolution and Legitimation

Liberalization

Liberalization or liberalisation (British English) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions.

See Iranian Revolution and Liberalization

Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.

See Iranian Revolution and Library of Congress

Life (magazine)

Life is an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, a monthly from 1978 until 2000, and an online supplement since 2008.

See Iranian Revolution and Life (magazine)

List of deposed politicians

Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.

See Iranian Revolution and List of deposed politicians

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East.

See Iranian Revolution and List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

List of monarchs of Persia

This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and List of monarchs of Persia

List of peasant revolts

This is a chronological list of revolts organized by peasants.

See Iranian Revolution and List of peasant revolts

List of terrorist incidents

The following is a list of terrorist incidents that were not carried out by a state or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism).

See Iranian Revolution and List of terrorist incidents

Looting

Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.

See Iranian Revolution and Looting

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

See Iranian Revolution and Mahatma Gandhi

Mahmoud Taleghani

Sayyid Mahmoud Alaei Taleghani (سید محمود طالقانی,, also romanized as Mahmūd Tāleqānī; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate, a senior Shia Islamic scholar and thinker of Iran, and a leader in his own right of the movement against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and Mahmoud Taleghani

Mahnaz Afkhami

Mahnaz Afkhami (Persian: مهناز افخمی; born January 14, 1941) is an Iranian women's rights activist who served in the Cabinet of Iran from 1976 to 1978.

See Iranian Revolution and Mahnaz Afkhami

Majlis

(المجلس., pl. مجالس) is an Arabic term meaning "sitting room", used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to the Muslim world.

See Iranian Revolution and Majlis

Malcolm Yapp

Malcolm Edward Yapp (born 29 May 1931) is a British historian, professor emeritus of modern history of Western Asia at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.

See Iranian Revolution and Malcolm Yapp

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See Iranian Revolution and Mao Zedong

Marjane Satrapi

Marjane Satrapi (مرجان ساتراپی; born 22 November 1969) is a French-Iranian graphic novelist, cartoonist, illustrator, film director, and children's book author.

See Iranian Revolution and Marjane Satrapi

Mark Bowden

Mark Bowden (born 1951) is an American journalist and writer.

See Iranian Revolution and Mark Bowden

Martial law

Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers.

See Iranian Revolution and Martial law

Martyr

A martyr (mártys, 'witness' stem, martyr-) is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party.

See Iranian Revolution and Martyr

Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

See Iranian Revolution and Marxism

Marzieh Hadidchi

Marzieh Hadidchi (مرضیه حدیدچی., 12 June 1939 – 17 November 2016), also known as Marzieh Dabbaq and Tahere Dabagh, was an Iranian Islamist activist, political prisoner, military commander in the Iran–Iraq War, a politician and representative of the city of Hamedan in the Iranian parliament in the second, third, fourth and the fifth Majles.

See Iranian Revolution and Marzieh Hadidchi

Mashhad

Mashhad (مشهد) is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran.

See Iranian Revolution and Mashhad

Mehdi Bazargan

Mehdi Bazargan (مهدی بازرگان; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government.

See Iranian Revolution and Mehdi Bazargan

Mehdi Rahimi

Mehdi Rahimi (مهدی رحیمی; 24 March 1921 – 16 February 1979) was an Iranian lieutenant general.

See Iranian Revolution and Mehdi Rahimi

Mehrabad International Airport

Mehrabad International Airport (فرودگاه بین‌المللی مهرآباد, Foroudgâh-e Beyn Almelali-ye Mehrâbâd) is an airport serving Tehran, the capital city of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Mehrabad International Airport

Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.

See Iranian Revolution and Michel Foucault

Middle East Policy

Middle East Policy is an academic peer-reviewed journal on the Middle East region in the field of foreign policy founded in 1982, published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Middle East Policy Council.

See Iranian Revolution and Middle East Policy

Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance

The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی, Vezârat-e Farhang va Ershâd-e Eslâmi) ("Ministry of CIG") is the Ministry of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance

Mirza Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Mujaddid Mirza Abu Muhammad Mu'iz al-Din Muhammad-Hassan al-Husayni al-Shirazi (ابومحمد معزالدین محمدحسن حسينى شيرازی;; 25 April 1815 – 20 February 1895), better simply known as Mirza Shirazi (میرزای شیرازی), was an Iraqi-Iranian Shia marja'.

See Iranian Revolution and Mirza Shirazi

Mohammad Beheshti

Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti (سیّد محمد حسینی بهشتی; 24 October 1928 – 28 June 1981) was an Iranian jurist, philosopher, cleric and politician who was known as the second person in the political hierarchy of Iran after the Revolution.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Beheshti

Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari

Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari (محمد کاظمشریعتمداری), also spelled Shariat-Madari (5 January 1906 – 3 April 1986), was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari

Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami

Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami is a literary critic, writer and Iranologist.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami

Mohammad Mofatteh

Ayatollah Mohammad Mofatteh (محمد مفتح&lrm;; 1928–1979) was an Iranian philosopher, theologian, and political activist, born in Famenin, Hamadan, Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Mofatteh

Mohammad Mosaddegh

Mohammad Mosaddegh (محمد مصدق,; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Mosaddegh

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), commonly referred to in the Western world as Mohammad Reza Shah, or just simply The Shah, was the last monarch of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad-Javad Bahonar

Mohammad-Javad Bahonar (محمدجواد باهنر, 5 September 1933 – 30 August 1981) was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981.

See Iranian Revolution and Mohammad-Javad Bahonar

Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization

Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (lit) was an umbrella political organization in Iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground Islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which previously fought against the Pahlavi monarchy.

See Iranian Revolution and Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization

Morteza Motahhari

Morteza Motahhari (مرتضی مطهری, also Romanized as "Mortezā Motahharī"; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer.

See Iranian Revolution and Morteza Motahhari

Mostafa Khomeini

Mostafa Khomeini (سید مصطفی خمینی.; 12 December 1930 – 23 October 1977) was an Iranian cleric and the eldest son of Ayatollah Khomeini. Iranian Revolution and Mostafa Khomeini are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Mostafa Khomeini

Mourning

Mourning is the expression of an experience that is the consequence of an event in life involving loss, causing grief.

See Iranian Revolution and Mourning

Movement of Militant Muslims

The Movement of Militant Muslims (جنبش مسلمانان مبارز) is an Iranian Islamic socialist political group led by Habibollah Payman.

See Iranian Revolution and Movement of Militant Muslims

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death.

See Iranian Revolution and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Muharram

Muharram (translit) is the first month of the Islamic calendar.

See Iranian Revolution and Muharram

Mullah

Mullah is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders.

See Iranian Revolution and Mullah

Munafiq

In Islam, the munafiqun ('hypocrites', منافقون, singular منافق munāfiq) or false Muslims or false believers are a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were inwardly concealing disbelief ("kufr") and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community.

See Iranian Revolution and Munafiq

Muslim People's Republic Party

The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; Ḥezb-e jomhuri-e ḵalq-e mosalmān-e Irān) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari.

See Iranian Revolution and Muslim People's Republic Party

Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line

The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line (دانشجویان مسلمان پیرو خط امامDânešjuyân-e Mosalmân-e peyrov-e Xatt-e Emâm), also called the Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, was an Iranian student group that occupied the U.S. embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line

Mutiny

Mutiny is a revolt among a group of people (typically of a military, of a crew, or of a crew of pirates) to oppose, change, or remove superiors or their orders.

See Iranian Revolution and Mutiny

Najaf

Najaf or An-Najaf or Al-Najaf (ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf (ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), is the capital city of Najaf Governorate in central Iraq about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad.

See Iranian Revolution and Najaf

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Nāser-ad-Din Ŝāh-e Qājār; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated.

See Iranian Revolution and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

Nasser Moghaddam

Lieutenant General Nasser Moghaddam (ناصر مقدم; 24 June 1921 – 11 April 1979) was an Iranian military officer who served as the fourth and final chief of SAVAK from 6 June 1978 to 12 February 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and Nasser Moghaddam

Nation Party of Iran

Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Party of Iran, Iran Nation Party; Ḥezb-e Mellat-e Irān) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy.

See Iranian Revolution and Nation Party of Iran

National Consultative Assembly

The National Consultative Assembly (Mad̲j̲les-e s̲h̲ūrā-ye mellī), or simply Majles, was the national legislative body of Iran from 1906 to 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and National Consultative Assembly

National Democratic Front (Iran)

The National Democratic Front (Jebhe-ye demokrātīk-e mellī) was a liberal political party founded during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and was banned shortly after by the Islamic government.

See Iranian Revolution and National Democratic Front (Iran)

National Front (Iran)

The National Front of Iran (Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irân) is an opposition political organization in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and National Front (Iran)

Nationalism

Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.

See Iranian Revolution and Nationalism

Nationalization

Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.

See Iranian Revolution and Nationalization

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

See Iranian Revolution and NATO

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Iranian Revolution and Nazi Germany

Neauphle-le-Château

Neauphle-le-Château is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Iranian Revolution and Neauphle-le-Château are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Neauphle-le-Château

Nematollah Nassiri

Nematollah Nassiri (نعمت‌الله نصیری; 4 August 1910 – 15 February 1979) was an Iranian military officer who served as the director of SAVAK, the Iranian intelligence agency during the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and later the Ambassador of Iran to Pakistan.

See Iranian Revolution and Nematollah Nassiri

Neocolonialism

Neocolonialism is the control by a state (usually, a former colonial power) over another nominally independent state (usually, a former colony) through indirect means.

See Iranian Revolution and Neocolonialism

Neutral country

A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).

See Iranian Revolution and Neutral country

Nikki Keddie

Nikki Reichard Keddie (née Anita Ragozin, August 30, 1930) is an American scholar of Eastern, Iranian, and women's history.

See Iranian Revolution and Nikki Keddie

Niqāb

A niqāb or niqaab (نقاب), also known as a ruband (روبند), is a long garment worn by some Muslim women in order to cover their entire body and face, excluding their eyes.

See Iranian Revolution and Niqāb

Nojeh coup plot

The "Saving Iran's Great Uprising" (نجات قیامایران بزرگ; acronymed NEQAB, lit) more commonly known as the Nojeh coup d'état (Kūdetâ-ye Nowžeh), was a plan to overthrow the newly established Islamic Republic of Iran and its government of Abolhassan Banisadr and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Nojeh coup plot

Non-lethal weapon

Non-lethal weapons, also called nonlethal weapons, less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons such as knives and firearms with live ammunition.

See Iranian Revolution and Non-lethal weapon

Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification

Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas '''fields''') that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development.

See Iranian Revolution and Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification

Oneworld Publications

Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market.

See Iranian Revolution and Oneworld Publications

Open-air preaching

Open-air preaching, street preaching, or public preaching is the act of evangelizing a religious faith in public places.

See Iranian Revolution and Open-air preaching

Oppression

Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium.

See Iranian Revolution and Oppression

Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; Sâzmân-e Čerik-hâye Fadâyi-e Xalğ-e Irân), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq (lit) was an underground Marxist–Leninist guerrilla organization in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)

The Organization of Iranian People's Fadaian (Majority) (Sāzmān-e fedaiyān-e khalq-e Irān (aksariat)) is an Iranian left-wing opposition political party in exile.

See Iranian Revolution and Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

The Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar), or simply Peykar (lit), also known by the earlier name Marxist Mojahedin, was a splinter group from the People's Mojahedin of Iran (PMOI/MEK).

See Iranian Revolution and Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters

Organization of Working-Class Freedom Fighters (Sāzmān-e razmandagān-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar) or simply Razmandegan, was a communist party in Iran that opposed both the Soviet line and the guerrilla doctrine.

See Iranian Revolution and Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters

Organizations of the Iranian Revolution

Many organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution.

See Iranian Revolution and Organizations of the Iranian Revolution

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Iranian Revolution and Oxford University Press

Padishah

Padishah (پادشاه;; from Persian:, 'master', and shāh, 'king'), sometimes romanised as padeshah, patshah, padshah or badshah (پادشاه; pâdişâh; padişah,; بَادْشَاہ&lrm;, baadashaah), is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin.

See Iranian Revolution and Padishah

Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty that ruled for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and Pahlavi dynasty

Pahlavi Iran

The Imperial State of Iran, officially the Imperial State of Persia until 1935, and commonly referred to as Pahlavi Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty.

See Iranian Revolution and Pahlavi Iran

Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

See Iranian Revolution and Pakistan

Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.

See Iranian Revolution and Palestine Liberation Organization

Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction.

See Iranian Revolution and Pardon

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

See Iranian Revolution and Paris

Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.

See Iranian Revolution and Parthian Empire

Party of the Iranian People

The Party of the Iranian People or Iran's People's Party (حزب مردمایران hezb-e mardom-e Irân) was an Iranian political organization within the National Front and 'National Resistance Movement'.

See Iranian Revolution and Party of the Iranian People

PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

See Iranian Revolution and PBS

Pearson Education

Pearson Education, known since 2011 as simply Pearson, is the educational publishing and services subsidiary of the international corporation Pearson plc.

See Iranian Revolution and Pearson Education

Peasant

A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants.

See Iranian Revolution and Peasant

People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran

The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI), also known as Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) or Mojahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MKO) (Sâzmân-ye Mojâhedin-ye Khalğ-ye Irân), is an Iranian dissident organization that was previously armed but has now transitioned primarily into a political advocacy group. Iranian Revolution and People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran are Iran–United States relations.

See Iranian Revolution and People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran

Persecution of Baháʼís

Baháʼís are persecuted in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Baháʼí Faith originated and where one of the largest Baháʼí populations in the world is located.

See Iranian Revolution and Persecution of Baháʼís

Persepolis

Persepolis (Pārsa) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire.

See Iranian Revolution and Persepolis

Persepolis (comics)

Persepolis is a series of autobiographical graphic novels by Marjane Satrapi that depict her childhood and early adult years in Iran and Austria during and after the Islamic Revolution.

See Iranian Revolution and Persepolis (comics)

Persepolis (film)

Persepolis is a 2007 adult animated biographical drama film based upon Marjane Satrapi's autobiographical graphic novel of the same name.

See Iranian Revolution and Persepolis (film)

Persian Constitution of 1906

The Persian Constitution of 1906 (Qānun-e Asāsi-ye Mashrute), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Persia (Qajar Iran), resulting from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, and Esmail Momtaz, among others.

See Iranian Revolution and Persian Constitution of 1906

Persian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar dynasty. Iranian Revolution and Persian Constitutional Revolution are 20th-century revolutions and history of civil rights and liberties in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Persian Constitutional Revolution

Persian Cossack Brigade

The Persian Cossack Brigade, also known as the Iranian Cossack Brigade (Berīgād-e qazzāq), was a Cossack-style cavalry unit formed in 1879 in Persia (modern Iran).

See Iranian Revolution and Persian Cossack Brigade

Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (Fars), sometimes called the (Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in West Asia.

See Iranian Revolution and Persian Gulf

Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Persians

Petition

A petition is a request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity.

See Iranian Revolution and Petition

Piety

Piety is a virtue which may include religious devotion or spirituality.

See Iranian Revolution and Piety

Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

See Iranian Revolution and Political corruption

Political demonstration

A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers.

See Iranian Revolution and Political demonstration

Political freedom

Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.

See Iranian Revolution and Political freedom

Populism

Populism is a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group with "the elite".

See Iranian Revolution and Populism

Preference falsification

Preference falsification is the act of misrepresenting a preference under perceived public pressures.

See Iranian Revolution and Preference falsification

Presidency of Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter's tenure as the 39th president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 1977, and ended on January 20, 1981.

See Iranian Revolution and Presidency of Jimmy Carter

Prime Minister of Iran

The prime minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century.

See Iranian Revolution and Prime Minister of Iran

Profit sharing

Profit sharing refers to various incentive plans introduced by businesses which provide direct or indirect payments to employees, often depending on the company's profitability, employees' regular salaries, and bonuses.

See Iranian Revolution and Profit sharing

Profiteering

Profiteering is a pejorative term for the act of making a profit by methods considered unethical.

See Iranian Revolution and Profiteering

Provisional Irish Republican Army

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of Ireland.

See Iranian Revolution and Provisional Irish Republican Army

Public bank

A public bank is a bank, a financial institution, in which a state, municipality, or public actors are the owners.

See Iranian Revolution and Public bank

Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.

See Iranian Revolution and Qajar dynasty

Qajar Iran

The Sublime State of Iran, commonly referred to as Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, Sublime State of Persia, and also the Guarded Domains of Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

See Iranian Revolution and Qajar Iran

Qom

Qom (قم) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

See Iranian Revolution and Qom

Qom Seminary

The Qom Seminary is the largest Islamic seminary (hawza) in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom.

See Iranian Revolution and Qom Seminary

Quaid-i-Azam University

Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad (جامعہ قائداعظم; commonly referred to as QAU), founded as University of Islamabad, is a public research university in Islamabad, Pakistan.

See Iranian Revolution and Quaid-i-Azam University

Ramadan

Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.

See Iranian Revolution and Ramadan

Rastakhiz Party

The Party of Resurrection of the Iranian Nation (حزب رستاخیز ملت ایران), or simply the Rastakhiz Party (lit), was Iran's sole legal political party from 2 March 1975 until 1 November 1978, founded by Mohammad Reza Shah. Iranian Revolution and Rastakhiz Party are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and Rastakhiz Party

Reactionary

In political science, a reactionary or a reactionist is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante—the previous political state of society—which the person believes possessed positive characteristics that are absent from contemporary society.

See Iranian Revolution and Reactionary

Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.

See Iranian Revolution and Recession

Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

See Iranian Revolution and Red Army

Refah School

Cultural Foundation of Refah (Persian: بنیاد فرهنگی رفاه) (formerly Refah School Persian: مدرسه دخترانه رفاه) was an elementary school for girls in Tehran, Iran. Iranian Revolution and Refah School are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Refah School

Regency Council (Iran)

The Regency Council (Šūrā-ye Salṭanat) of the Imperial State of Iran, was a nine-member body formed on 13 January 1979 by Mohammad Reza Shah to carry out his duties after he left Iran amidst the Iranian Revolution and served as the symbol of his continued claim on power. Iranian Revolution and Regency Council (Iran) are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and Regency Council (Iran)

Regime

In politics, a regime (also "régime") is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc., that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.

See Iranian Revolution and Regime

Reza Shah

Reza Shah Pahlavi (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian military officer and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty.

See Iranian Revolution and Reza Shah

Riot control

Riot control measures are used by law enforcement, military, paramilitary or security forces to control, disperse, and arrest people who are involved in a riot, unlawful demonstration or unlawful protest.

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Robert E. Huyser

Robert Ernest Huyser (June 14, 1924 – September 22, 1997) was a four-star general in the United States Air Force who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1975 to 1979; and as Commander in Chief, Military Airlift Command (CINCMAC) from 1979 to 1981.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Roy Mottahedeh

Roy Parviz Mottahedeh (born July 3, 1940-July 31, 2024) was an American historian who was Gurney Professor of History, Emeritus at Harvard University, where he taught courses on the pre-modern social and intellectual history of the Islamic Middle East and was an expert on Iranian culture.

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Rubber bullet

Rubber bullets (also called rubber baton rounds) are a type of baton round.

See Iranian Revolution and Rubber bullet

Ruhollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.

See Iranian Revolution and Ruhollah Khomeini

Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile

Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile was the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his “White Revolution” announced in 1963. Iranian Revolution and Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile

Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran

Ruhollah Khomeini’s return to Iran on 1 February 1979, after 14 years in exile, was an important event in the Iranian Revolution. Iranian Revolution and Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran are 1979 in Iran and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran

Russia under Vladimir Putin

Since 1999, Vladimir Putin has continuously served as either President (Acting President from 1999 to 2000; 2000–2004, 2004–2008, 2012–2018, 2018–2024 and 2024 to present) or Prime Minister of Russia (three months in 1999, full term 2008–2012).

See Iranian Revolution and Russia under Vladimir Putin

Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917. Iranian Revolution and Russian Revolution are 20th-century revolutions.

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Ryszard Kapuściński

Ryszard Kapuściński (4 March 1932 – 23 January 2007) was a Polish journalist, photographer, poet and author.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.

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Sadegh Ghotbzadeh

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (صادق قطب‌زاده, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was an Iranian politician who served as a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France and was foreign minister (30 November 1979 – August 1980) during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution.

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Sadegh Khalkhali

Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali (محمدصادق گیوی خلخالی; 27 July 1926 – 26 November 2003) was an Iranian Shia cleric who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge".

See Iranian Revolution and Sadegh Khalkhali

Sandinista National Liberation Front

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a Christian socialist political party in Nicaragua.

See Iranian Revolution and Sandinista National Liberation Front

SAVAK

The Bureau for Intelligence and Security of the State (Sāzmān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar), shortened to as SAVAK (ساواک) or S.A.V.A.K. (س.ا.و.ا.ک) was the secret police of the Imperial State of Iran. Iranian Revolution and SAVAK are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and SAVAK

Secularism

Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.

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Self-sustainability

Self-sustainability and self-sufficiency are overlapping states of being in which a person, being, or system needs little or no help from, or interaction with others.

See Iranian Revolution and Self-sustainability

Seminary

A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, in academics, or mostly in Christian ministry.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.

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Septembers of Shiraz

Septembers of Shiraz is a 2015 American drama film directed by Wayne Blair and written by Hanna Weg.

See Iranian Revolution and Septembers of Shiraz

Sex segregation in Iran

Sex segregation in Iran encompasses practices derived from the conservative dogma of Shiite Islam currently taking place in Iran. Iranian Revolution and sex segregation in Iran are history of civil rights and liberties in Iran and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Sex segregation in Iran

Sextus Empiricus

Sextus Empiricus (Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός) was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher and Empiric school physician with Roman citizenship.

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Shah

Shah (شاه) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Indian and Iranian monarchies.

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Shah of Shahs (book)

Shah of Shahs (Szachinszach) is a 1982 non-fiction book by Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuściński.

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Shahrbani

Shahrbani (lit), formerly called Nazmiyeh (lit), was a law enforcement force in Iran with police duties inside cities.

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Shapour Bakhtiar

Shapour Bakhtiar (شاپور بختیار,; 26 June 19146 August 1991) was an Iranian politician who served as the last Prime Minister of Iran under the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Sharia

Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.

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Shia clergy

In Shi'a Islam the guidance of clergy (collectively called the ulema) and keeping such a structure holds great importance.

See Iranian Revolution and Shia clergy

Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

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Shortage

In economics, a shortage or excess demand is a situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

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Sinn Féin

Sinn Féin is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

See Iranian Revolution and Sinn Féin

Social classes in Iran have been divided up into upper class, propertied middle class, salaried middle class, working class, independent farmers, and rural wage earners.

See Iranian Revolution and Social class in Iran

The social environment, social context, sociocultural context or milieu refers to the immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops.

See Iranian Revolution and Social environment

Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected.

See Iranian Revolution and Social justice

Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

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Socioeconomics

Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) from 1979 to 1989. The war was a major conflict of the Cold War as it saw extensive fighting between Soviet Union, the DRA and allied paramilitary groups against the Afghan mujahideen and their allied foreign fighters.

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Spencer C. Tucker

Spencer C. Tucker is an American historian who was a Fulbright scholar, retired university professor, and author of works on military history.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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State ownership

State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, property, or enterprise by the national government of a country or state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party.

See Iranian Revolution and State ownership

State-owned enterprise

A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity which is established and/or owned by a national or state/provincial government, by an executive order or an act of legislation, in order to earn profit for the government, control monopoly of the private sector over means of production, provide commodities to citizens at a lower price, implement government policies, and/or to deliver products and services to remote locations that otherwise have trouble attracting private vendors.

See Iranian Revolution and State-owned enterprise

Strikebreaker

A strikebreaker (sometimes pejoratively called a scab, blackleg, bootlicker, blackguard or knobstick) is a person who works despite a strike.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

See Iranian Revolution and Sunni Islam

Supreme leader

A supreme leader or supreme ruler typically refers to the person among a number of leaders of a state, organization or other such group who has been given or is able to exercise the mostor completeauthority over it.

See Iranian Revolution and Supreme leader

Supreme Leader of Iran

The supreme leader of Iran (Rahbar-e Moazam-e Irân), also referred to as Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظمانقلاب اسلامی), but officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقاممعظمرهبری), is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran (above the President). Iranian Revolution and supreme Leader of Iran are Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and Supreme Leader of Iran

Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

See Iranian Revolution and Syrian civil war

Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز) is a city in the Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Tabriz

Takbir

The takbīr (تَكْبِير) is the name for the Arabic phrase (اَللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ).Wensinck, A.J., "Takbīr", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

See Iranian Revolution and Takbir

Tasu'a

Tasu'a is the ninth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar.

See Iranian Revolution and Tasu'a

Tear gas

Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator, sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears.

See Iranian Revolution and Tear gas

Tehran

Tehran (تهران) or Teheran is the capital and largest city of Iran as well as the largest in Tehran Province.

See Iranian Revolution and Tehran

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Iranian Revolution and The Guardian

The Middle East Journal

The Middle East Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.). It was established in 1947 and covers research on the modern Middle East, including political, economic, and social developments and historical events in North Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia.

See Iranian Revolution and The Middle East Journal

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Iranian Revolution and The New York Times

The Oil Kings

The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East is a 2011 book by Andrew Scott Cooper, published by Simon and Schuster.

See Iranian Revolution and The Oil Kings

The Septembers of Shiraz

The Septembers of Shiraz (2007) is a debut novel by Iranian American author Dalia Sofer.

See Iranian Revolution and The Septembers of Shiraz

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

See Iranian Revolution and The Washington Post

Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.

See Iranian Revolution and Theocracy

Third World

The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.

See Iranian Revolution and Third World

Third-worldism

Third-worldism is a political concept and ideology that emerged in the late 1940s or early 1950s during the Cold War and tried to generate unity among the nations that did not want to take sides between the United States and the Soviet Union.

See Iranian Revolution and Third-worldism

Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Iranian Revolution and Time (magazine)

Timothy Garton Ash

Timothy Garton Ash (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator.

See Iranian Revolution and Timothy Garton Ash

Tobacco Protest

The Persian Tobacco Protest (nehzat-e tanbāku) was a Twelver Shia Muslim revolt in Qajar Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by Emperor Naser al-Din Shah Qajar to the British Empire, granting control over growth, sale, and export of tobacco to an Englishman, Major G. F. Talbot. Iranian Revolution and tobacco Protest are protests in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Tobacco Protest

Torture

Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons including punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, intimidating third parties, or entertainment.

See Iranian Revolution and Torture

Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

See Iranian Revolution and Totalitarianism

Transparency International

Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank.

See Iranian Revolution and Transparency International

Tudeh Party of Iran

The Tudeh Party of Iran (lit) is an Iranian communist party.

See Iranian Revolution and Tudeh Party of Iran

Turkmen People's Cultural and Political Society

The Turkmen People's Cultural and Political Society (Türkmen Halk Medenli we Syýasy Ojak, کانون فرهنگی و سیاسی خلق ترکمن), also known as the Turkmensahra Councils Central Headquarters (ستاد مرکزی شوراهای ترکمن‌صحرا), was a Marxist-Leninist and ethnic insurgent group based in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Turkmen People's Cultural and Political Society

Twelver Shi'ism

Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.

See Iranian Revolution and Twelver Shi'ism

Ulama

In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.

See Iranian Revolution and Ulama

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

See Iranian Revolution and UNESCO

Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)

Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran lit. the head-on-gallow mass) (UIC(S); اتحادیه کمونیست‌های ایران) was a Maoist organization in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)

United States Government Publishing Office

The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government.

See Iranian Revolution and United States Government Publishing Office

University of California Press

The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

See Iranian Revolution and University of California Press

University of Tehran

The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, دانشگاه تهران, Dāneshgāh-e Tehran) is the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran, Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and University of Tehran

University Press of America

University Press of America was an academic imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group that specialized in the publication of scholarly works.

See Iranian Revolution and University Press of America

Vatican City

Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.

See Iranian Revolution and Vatican City

Warning shot

In military and police contexts, a warning shot is an intentionally harmless artillery shot or gunshot with intent to enact direct compliance and order to a hostile perpetrator or enemy forces.

See Iranian Revolution and Warning shot

Western Bloc

The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War of 1947–1991.

See Iranian Revolution and Western Bloc

Western culture

Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.

See Iranian Revolution and Western culture

Western media is the mass media of the Western world.

See Iranian Revolution and Western media

Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

See Iranian Revolution and Western world

Westernization

Westernization (or Westernisation, see spelling differences), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy.

See Iranian Revolution and Westernization

White Revolution

The White Revolution (translit) or the Shah and People Revolution (translit) was a far-reaching series of reforms resulting in aggressive modernization in the Imperial State of Iran launched on 26 January 1963 by the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which lasted until 1979. Iranian Revolution and White Revolution are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and White Revolution

William Shawcross

Sir William Hartley Hume Shawcross (born 28 May 1946) is a British journalist, writer, and broadcaster.

See Iranian Revolution and William Shawcross

Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.

See Iranian Revolution and Winston Churchill

Women's Organization of Iran

The Women's Organization of Iran (WOI; سازمان زنان ایران) was a non-profit organization created in 1966, mostly run by volunteers, with local branches and centers for women all over the country, determined to enhance the rights of women in Iran. Iranian Revolution and Women's Organization of Iran are history of civil rights and liberties in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and Women's Organization of Iran

Women's suffrage

Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections.

See Iranian Revolution and Women's suffrage

Worker's Way

The Labourer's Creed (Rāh-e Kārgar) is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist political organization formed in 1978, by former affiliates of other leftist groups.

See Iranian Revolution and Worker's Way

World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

See Iranian Revolution and World Bank

Yaroslav Trofimov

Yaroslav Trofimov (born 1969) is a Ukrainian-born Italian author and journalist who is chief foreign-affairs correspondent at The Wall Street Journal.

See Iranian Revolution and Yaroslav Trofimov

Yazid I

Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (translit; 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683.

See Iranian Revolution and Yazid I

Zbigniew Brzezinski

Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński (March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017), known as Zbig, was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist.

See Iranian Revolution and Zbigniew Brzezinski

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.

See Iranian Revolution and Zoroastrianism

1953 Iranian coup d'état

The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the U.S.- and British-instigated, Iranian army-led overthrow of the elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the monarchical rule of the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 19 August 1953, with one of the significant objectives being to protect British oil interests in Iran. Iranian Revolution and 1953 Iranian coup d'état are Iran–United States relations and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and 1953 Iranian coup d'état

1973 oil crisis

In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

See Iranian Revolution and 1973 oil crisis

1978 Tabriz protests

1978 Tabriz protests refers to the events that occurred on 18 February 1978, 40 days after the 1978 Qom protests,. Iranian Revolution and 1978 Tabriz protests are 1978 in Iran and protests in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and 1978 Tabriz protests

1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran

On International Women's Day on March 8, 1979, a women's march took place in Tehran in Iran. Iranian Revolution and 1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran are 1979 in Iran, 1979 protests and protests in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran

1979 Iranian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 2 and 3 December 1979. Iranian Revolution and 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum are 1979 in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum

1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum

A referendum on creating an Islamic Republic was held in Iran on 30 and 31 March 1979. Iranian Revolution and 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum are 1979 in Iran and Ruhollah Khomeini.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum

1979 Khuzestan insurgency

The 1979 Khuzestan uprising was one of the nationwide uprisings in Iran, which erupted in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution. Iranian Revolution and 1979 Khuzestan insurgency are 1979 in Iran and rebellions in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 Khuzestan insurgency

1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran

The 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran was one of the largest nationwide uprisings in the country against the new state following the Iranian Revolution. Iranian Revolution and 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran are 1979 in Iran.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran

1979 oil crisis

A drop in oil production in the wake of the Iranian Revolution led to an energy crisis in 1979.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 oil crisis

1979 Revolution: Black Friday

1979 Revolution: Black Friday is an adventure interactive drama video game developed and published by iNK Stories, with assistance from by N-Fusion Interactive.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 Revolution: Black Friday

1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad

Beginning at 12:00 p.m. on 21 November 1979, a large mob of Pakistani citizens violently stormed the Embassy of the United States in Islamabad and subsequently burned it down in a coordinated attack.

See Iranian Revolution and 1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad

1981 Irish hunger strike

The 1981 Irish hunger strike was the culmination of a five-year protest during the Troubles by Irish republican prisoners in Northern Ireland.

See Iranian Revolution and 1981 Irish hunger strike

1982 Hama massacre

The Hama massacre (مجزرة حماة) occurred in February 1982 when the Syrian Arab Army and the Defense Companies, under orders of president Hafez al-Assad, besieged the town of Hama for 27 days in order to quell an uprising by the Muslim Brotherhood against the Ba'athist government.

See Iranian Revolution and 1982 Hama massacre

1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut

The April 18, 1983, United States embassy bombing was a suicide bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 32 Lebanese, 17 Americans, and 14 visitors and passers-by.

See Iranian Revolution and 1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut

1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq

The 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state.

See Iranian Revolution and 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq

2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire

The Celebration of the 2,500th Anniversary of the Founding of the Persian Empire (جشن سالگرد دوهزار و پانصدمین سال بنیانگذاری تمدن پارسی) was a national event in Iran that consisted of an elaborate set of grand festivities during October 1971 to celebrate the founding of the ancient Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great. Iranian Revolution and 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire are Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

See Iranian Revolution and 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution

Also known as 1979 Iranian Islamic revolution, 1979 Iranian Revolution, 1979 Islamic Iranian Revolution, 1979 Islamic Revolution, 1979 Revolution, 1979 Revolution of Iran, 1979 revolution in Iran, ANTI-Iranian Revolution, Enghelabe Eslami, Enghelābe Eslāmi, History of Iranian Revolution, Iran 1979, Iran 1979 Revolution, Iran Revolution, Iranian 1979 Revolution, Iranian Islamic Revolution, Iranian Revolt, Iranian Revolution of 1978, Iranian Revolution of 1978-79, Iranian Revolution of 1979, Islamic Iranian Revolution, Islamic Revolution, Islamic Revolution - Iran, Islamic Revolution in Iran, Islamic Revolution of 1979, Islamic Revolution of Iran, Islamic Revolution's Victory Day, Islamist regime in Iran, Overthrow of the Shah of Iran, Persian Revolution, Persian Revolution of 1979, Revolution of 1979, Revolution of Iran, The Islamic Revolution, Theocratic Iranian regime, Women in the Iranian Revolution, انقلاب اسلامی.

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Eisenhower, Eastern Bloc, Ebrahim Yazdi, Economic sanctions, Economy of Iran, Egalitarianism, Egypt, Eid al-Fitr, Election, Emadeddin Baghi, Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran, Embassy of the United States, Tehran, Encarta, Encyclopædia Britannica, Ervand Abrahamian, Ettela'at, Euphoria, European Economic Community, Fada'iyan-e Islam, Fajr decade, Fatwa, Fazlollah Zahedi, Federal government of Iraq, Federal Research Division, Fereydoon Hoveyda, Fifth column, Fiqh, Forqan Group, Frank Cass, Frankfurter Neue Presse, Freedom Movement of Iran, General strike, Gharbzadegi, Gholam Ali Oveissi, Gholam Reza Azhari, Goethe-Institut, Goharshad Mosque rebellion, Gonbad-e Kavus, Good governance, Grand Mosque seizure, Guadeloupe Conference, Guardian Council, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Guests of the Ayatollah, Hajj, Harry S. Truman, Hezbollah, Hezbollah (Iran), Hijab, Hijab in Iran, Hijri year, History of Iran, History of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Human rights, Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Husayn ibn Ali, I.B. Tauris, Imam, Impeachment, Imperial Guard (Iran), Imperialism, Imprisonment, Injustice, Intelligentsia, Interim Government of Iran, International Court of Justice, International dollar, International Journal of Middle East Studies, International rankings of Iran, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International sanctions against Iran, Internews, Intimidation, Iran, Iran and Red and Black Colonization, Iran and state-sponsored terrorism, Iran and the West, Iran Between Two Revolutions, Iran hostage crisis, Iran Party, Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program, Iran–Iraq War, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Iranian diaspora, Iranian Gendarmerie, Iranian Kurdistan, Iranian nationalism, Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, Iranian reformists, Iranian.com, Iraq, Iraqi invasion of Iran, Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Isfahan, Islam, Islam and gender segregation, Islam and Revolution, Islamabad, Islamic Association of Engineers, Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran, Islamic Association of Students, Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran, Islamic clothing, Islamic Coalition Party, Islamic Consultative Assembly, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic fundamentalism in Iran, Islamic Government, Islamic republic, Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Islamic Republican Party, Islamic revival, Islamic Revolution Committees, Islamic Revolutionary Court, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, Islamic terrorism, Islamism, Islamization in Pakistan, Island of Stability (speech), Israel, Jafar Sharif-Emami, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, Jalaleddin Taheri, JAMA (political party), Jamshid Amouzegar, Jörn Leonhard, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini, John Foster Dulles, Judaism, Kafir, Karim Sanjabi, Kashf-e hijab, Kaveh Golestan, Kessinger Publishing, Khomeinism, Khuzestan province, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan, Land reform, Lavizan, Left-wing guerrilla groups of Iran, Legitimation, Liberalization, Library of Congress, Life (magazine), List of deposed politicians, List of modern conflicts in the Middle East, List of monarchs of Persia, List of peasant revolts, List of terrorist incidents, Looting, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahmoud Taleghani, Mahnaz Afkhami, Majlis, Malcolm Yapp, Mao Zedong, Marjane Satrapi, Mark Bowden, Martial law, Martyr, Marxism, Marzieh Hadidchi, Mashhad, Mehdi Bazargan, Mehdi Rahimi, Mehrabad International Airport, Michel Foucault, Middle East Policy, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Mirza Shirazi, Mohammad Beheshti, Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari, Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami, Mohammad Mofatteh, Mohammad Mosaddegh, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization, Morteza Motahhari, Mostafa Khomeini, Mourning, Movement of Militant Muslims, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Muharram, Mullah, Munafiq, Muslim People's Republic Party, Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, Mutiny, Najaf, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Nasser Moghaddam, Nation Party of Iran, National Consultative Assembly, National Democratic Front (Iran), National Front (Iran), Nationalism, Nationalization, NATO, Nazi Germany, Neauphle-le-Château, Nematollah Nassiri, Neocolonialism, Neutral country, Nikki Keddie, Niqāb, Nojeh coup plot, Non-lethal weapon, Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification, Oneworld Publications, Open-air preaching, Oppression, Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority), Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters, Organizations of the Iranian Revolution, Oxford University Press, Padishah, Pahlavi dynasty, Pahlavi Iran, Pakistan, Palestine Liberation Organization, Pardon, Paris, Parthian Empire, Party of the Iranian People, PBS, Pearson Education, Peasant, People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran, Persecution of Baháʼís, Persepolis, Persepolis (comics), Persepolis (film), Persian Constitution of 1906, Persian Constitutional Revolution, Persian Cossack Brigade, Persian Gulf, Persians, Petition, Piety, Political corruption, Political demonstration, Political freedom, Populism, Preference falsification, Presidency of Jimmy Carter, Prime Minister of Iran, Profit sharing, Profiteering, Provisional Irish Republican Army, Public bank, Qajar dynasty, Qajar Iran, Qom, Qom Seminary, Quaid-i-Azam University, Ramadan, Rastakhiz Party, Reactionary, Recession, Red Army, Refah School, Regency Council (Iran), Regime, Reza Shah, Riot control, Robert E. Huyser, Ronald Reagan, Roy Mottahedeh, Rubber bullet, Ruhollah Khomeini, Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile, Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran, Russia under Vladimir Putin, Russian Revolution, Ryszard Kapuściński, Saddam Hussein, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, Sadegh Khalkhali, Sandinista National Liberation Front, SAVAK, Secularism, Self-sustainability, Seminary, September 11 attacks, Septembers of Shiraz, Sex segregation in Iran, Sextus Empiricus, Shah, Shah of Shahs (book), Shahrbani, Shapour Bakhtiar, Sharia, Shia clergy, Shia Islam, Shortage, Simon & Schuster, Sinn Féin, Social class in Iran, Social environment, Social justice, Socialism, Socioeconomics, Soviet Union, Soviet–Afghan War, Spencer C. Tucker, Stanford University Press, State ownership, State-owned enterprise, Strikebreaker, Sunni Islam, Supreme leader, Supreme Leader of Iran, Syrian civil war, Tabriz, Takbir, Tasu'a, Tear gas, Tehran, The Guardian, The Middle East Journal, The New York Times, The Oil Kings, The Septembers of Shiraz, The Washington Post, Theocracy, Third World, Third-worldism, Time (magazine), Timothy Garton Ash, Tobacco Protest, Torture, Totalitarianism, Transparency International, Tudeh Party of Iran, Turkmen People's Cultural and Political Society, Twelver Shi'ism, Ulama, UNESCO, Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran), United States Government Publishing Office, University of California Press, University of Tehran, University Press of America, Vatican City, Warning shot, Western Bloc, Western culture, Western media, Western world, Westernization, White Revolution, William Shawcross, Winston Churchill, Women's Organization of Iran, Women's suffrage, Worker's Way, World Bank, Yaroslav Trofimov, Yazid I, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Zoroastrianism, 1953 Iranian coup d'état, 1973 oil crisis, 1978 Tabriz protests, 1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran, 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum, 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, 1979 Khuzestan insurgency, 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran, 1979 oil crisis, 1979 Revolution: Black Friday, 1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad, 1981 Irish hunger strike, 1982 Hama massacre, 1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut, 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire.

Iranian Revolution, the Glossary

Table of Contents