Irrigation, the Glossary
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.[1]
Table of Contents
265 relations: Agave murpheyi, Agriculture, Alfalfa, Algeria, Alkali soil, Amenemhat III, Amu Darya, Ancient Egypt, Andes, Angola, Anuradhapura, Aquifer, Arable land, Aral Sea, Arizona, Arizona v. California, Armand Hammer, Assiut Barrage, Aswan Low Dam, Australia, Automation, Barley, Berm, Blueberry, Bolsheviks, California, Canal, Carbon sequestration, Carbon-14, Carey Act, Cash crop, Cassava, Center-pivot irrigation, Central Asia, Central Intelligence Agency, Chain pump, Chenopodium, China, Choga Mami, Colorado, Colorado River, Commerce, Common Era, Condensation, Container garden, Cotton, Crop, Cucurbita, Dam, Deficit irrigation, ... Expand index (215 more) »
Agave murpheyi
Agave murpheyi is a species of agave.
See Irrigation and Agave murpheyi
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products. Irrigation and Agriculture are Agronomy.
See Irrigation and Agriculture
Alfalfa
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Alkali soil
Alkali, or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity.
See Irrigation and Alkali soil
Amenemhat III
Amenemhat III (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-hꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet III, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the sixth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom.
See Irrigation and Amenemhat III
Amu Darya
The Amu Darya, also called the Amu, the Amo, and historically the Oxus (Latin: Ōxus; Greek: Ὦξος, Ôxos), is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Irrigation and Ancient Egypt
Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa.
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura (translit; translit) is a major city located in the north central plain of Sri Lanka.
See Irrigation and Anuradhapura
Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing material, consisting of permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
Arable land
Arable land (from the arabilis, "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.
See Irrigation and Arable land
Aral Sea
The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake (that is, without an outlet) lying between Kazakhstan to its north and Uzbekistan to its south, which began shrinking in the 1960s and largely dried up by the 2010s.
Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States.
Arizona v. California
Arizona v. California is a set of United States Supreme Court cases, all dealing with disputes over water distribution from the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and California.
See Irrigation and Arizona v. California
Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898 – December 10, 1990) was an American business manager and owner.
See Irrigation and Armand Hammer
Assiut Barrage
The Assiut Barrage is a dam on the Nile River in the city of Assiut in Upper Egypt (250 miles to the south of Cairo).
See Irrigation and Assiut Barrage
Aswan Low Dam
The Aswan Low Dam or Old Aswan Dam is a gravity masonry buttress dam on the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt.
See Irrigation and Aswan Low Dam
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Automation
Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, mainly by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines.
Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Berm
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope.
Blueberry
Blueberry is a widely distributed and widespread group of perennial flowering plant with blue or purple berries.
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
California
California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.
Canal
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi).
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool.
See Irrigation and Carbon sequestration
Carbon-14
Carbon-14, C-14, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
Carey Act
The Carey Act of 1894 (also known as the Federal Desert Land Act)Carey Act in Idaho http://www.gchshome.org/careyact.htm.
Cash crop
A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.
Cassava
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.
Center-pivot irrigation
Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.
See Irrigation and Center-pivot irrigation
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Irrigation and Central Asia
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Irrigation and Central Intelligence Agency
Chain pump
The chain pump is type of a water pump in which several circular discs are positioned on an endless chain.
Chenopodium
Chenopodium is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoot, which occur almost anywhere in the world.
See Irrigation and Chenopodium
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Choga Mami
Choga Mami is a Samarran settlement site in Diyala province in Eastern Iraq in the Mandali region.
Colorado
Colorado (other variants) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.
Colorado River
The Colorado River (Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and in northern Mexico.
See Irrigation and Colorado River
Commerce
Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered distribution and transfer of goods and services on a substantial scale and at the right time, place, quantity, quality and price through various channels from the original producers to the final consumers within local, regional, national or international economies.
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Condensation
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization.
See Irrigation and Condensation
Container garden
Container gardening or pot gardening/farming is the practice of growing plants, including edible plants, exclusively in containers instead of planting them in the ground.
See Irrigation and Container garden
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
Crop
A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.
Cucurbita
gourd is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as cucurbits or cucurbi), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.
Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams.
Deficit irrigation
Deficit irrigation (DI) is a watering strategy that can be applied by different types of irrigation application methods. Irrigation and Deficit irrigation are Agronomy.
See Irrigation and Deficit irrigation
Delta Barrage
The Delta Barrage is barrage-type dam that was constructed intermittently beginning in 1833 to its initial completion in 1862.
See Irrigation and Delta Barrage
Desalination
Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. Irrigation and Desalination are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Desalination
Desert Land Act
The Desert Land Act is a United States federal law which was passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1877, to encourage and promote the economic development of the arid and semiarid public lands within certain states of the Western states.
See Irrigation and Desert Land Act
Distribution uniformity
Distribution uniformity or DU in irrigation is a measure of how uniformly water is applied to the area being watered, normally expressed as percentage, and not to be confused with efficiency.
See Irrigation and Distribution uniformity
Don (river)
The Don (p) is the fifth-longest river in Europe.
See Irrigation and Don (river)
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.
See Irrigation and Drainage basin
Drainage system (agriculture)
An agricultural drainage system is a system by which water is drained on or in the soil to enhance agricultural production of crops.
See Irrigation and Drainage system (agriculture)
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.
See Irrigation and Drip irrigation
Dujiangyan
The Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, China.
Dust
Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Energy crop
Energy crops are low-cost and low-maintenance crops grown solely for renewable bioenergy production (not for food).
See Irrigation and Energy crop
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the oxygen of water. Irrigation and Eutrophication are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Eutrophication
Extractivism is the removal of natural resources particularly for export with minimal processing.
See Irrigation and Extractivism
Faiyum Oasis
The Faiyum Oasis (واحة الفيومWaḥet El Fayyum) is a depression or basin in the desert immediately west of the Nile river, 62 miles south of Cairo, Egypt.
See Irrigation and Faiyum Oasis
Fertigation
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, used for soil amendments, water amendments and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.
See Irrigation and Fertigation
Flood
A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry.
Flooding of the Nile
The flooding of the Nile has been an important natural cycle in Nubia and Egypt since ancient times.
See Irrigation and Flooding of the Nile
Fog collection
''Atrapanieblas'' or fog collection in Alto Patache, Atacama Desert, Chile Fog collection is the harvesting of water from fog using large pieces of vertical mesh netting to induce the fog-droplets to flow down towards a trough below.
See Irrigation and Fog collection
Food security
Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
See Irrigation and Food security
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Frederick Haynes Newell
Frederick Haynes Newell (March 5, 1862 – July 5, 1932), served as the first Director of the United States Reclamation Service and was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania.
See Irrigation and Frederick Haynes Newell
Freshwater salinization
Freshwater salinization is the process of salty runoff contaminating freshwater ecosystems, which can harm aquatic species in certain quantities and contaminate drinking water.
See Irrigation and Freshwater salinization
Frost
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor that deposits onto a freezing surface.
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Gezira Scheme
The Gezira Scheme (مشروع الجزيرة) is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Irrigation and Gezira Scheme are land management.
See Irrigation and Gezira Scheme
Gila River
The Gila River (O'odham Pima: Keli Akimel or simply Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siʼil, Maricopa language: Xiil) is a tributary of the Colorado River flowing through New Mexico and Arizona in the United States.
Girnar
Girnar is an ancient hill in Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
See Irrigation and Global Positioning System
Golf course
A golf course is the grounds on which the sport of golf is played.
See Irrigation and Golf course
Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption.
Great Man-Made River
The Great Man-Made River (GMMR, an-nahr aṣ-ṣināʿiyy al-ʿaẓīm) is a network of pipes that supplies fresh water obtained from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System fossil aquifer across Libya.
See Irrigation and Great Man-Made River
Great Plains
The Great Plains are a broad expanse of flatland in North America.
See Irrigation and Great Plains
Greenhouse
A greenhouse is a special structure that is designed to regulate the temperature and humidity of the environment inside.
Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
See Irrigation and Groundwater
Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction. Irrigation and groundwater-related subsidence are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Groundwater-related subsidence
Growing season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight.
See Irrigation and Growing season
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
See Irrigation and Han dynasty
Hartbeespoort Dam
Hartbeespoort Dam (also known as Harties) is an arch type dam situated in the North West Province of South Africa.
See Irrigation and Hartbeespoort Dam
History of Egypt under the British
The history of Egypt under the British lasted from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956 after the Suez Crisis, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954.
See Irrigation and History of Egypt under the British
History of Iran
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
See Irrigation and History of Iran
Hoover Dam
Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona.
Hydraulics
Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
Hydrology
Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability.
Imperial Valley
The Imperial Valley (Valle de Imperial or Valle Imperial) of Southern California lies in Imperial and Riverside counties, with an urban area centered on the city of El Centro.
See Irrigation and Imperial Valley
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
See Irrigation and Indus Valley Civilisation
Intensive farming
Intensive agriculture, also known as intensive farming (as opposed to extensive farming), conventional, or industrial agriculture, is a type of agriculture, both of crop plants and of animals, with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area.
See Irrigation and Intensive farming
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation and Irrigation are agricultural soil science, Agronomy, Environmental issues with water and land management.
Irrigation controller
An irrigation controller is a device to operate automatic irrigation systems such as lawn sprinklers and drip irrigation systems.
See Irrigation and Irrigation controller
Irrigation districts in the United States
In the United States an irrigation district is a cooperative, self-governing public corporation set up as a subdivision of the State government, with definite geographic boundaries, organized, and having taxing power to obtain and distribute water for irrigation of lands within the district; created under the authority of a State legislature with the consent of a designated fraction of the landowners or citizens.
See Irrigation and Irrigation districts in the United States
Irrigation management
Irrigation is the artificial exploitation and distribution of water at project level aiming at application of water at field level to agricultural crops in dry areas or in periods of scarce rainfall to assure or improve crop production. Irrigation and Irrigation management are land management.
See Irrigation and Irrigation management
Irrigation scheduling
Irrigation scheduling is the process used by irrigation system managers to determine the correct frequency and duration of watering. Irrigation and irrigation scheduling are agricultural soil science and land management.
See Irrigation and Irrigation scheduling
Irrigation sprinkler
An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate (water) agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas.
See Irrigation and Irrigation sprinkler
Irrigation statistics
This page shows statistical data on irrigation of agricultural lands worldwide. Irrigation and irrigation statistics are land management.
See Irrigation and Irrigation statistics
Italian colonization of Libya
The Italian colonization of Libya began in 1911 and it lasted until 1943.
See Irrigation and Italian colonization of Libya
Jang Yeong-sil
Jang Yeong-sil (1390 – after 1442) was a Korean mechanical engineer, scientist, and inventor during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897).
See Irrigation and Jang Yeong-sil
Joseon
Joseon, officially Great Joseon State, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years.
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.
See Irrigation and Joseph Stalin
Kammanassie Dam
Kammanassie Dam is a gravity type dam located on the, near De Rust, Western Cape, South Africa.
See Irrigation and Kammanassie Dam
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Qazaqs; Kazakh: қазақ, qazaq,, қазақтар, qazaqtar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe, mainly Kazakhstan, but also parts of northern Uzbekistan and the border regions of Russia, as well as northwestern China (specifically Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) and western Mongolia (Bayan-Ölgii Province).
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.
Khuzestan province
Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
See Irrigation and Khuzestan province
Kuban (river)
The Kuban is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Caucasus and drains into the Sea of Azov.
See Irrigation and Kuban (river)
Lake
A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.
Land
Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of Earth not submerged by the ocean or another body of water.
Lanzarote
Lanzarote is a Spanish island, the easternmost of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, off the north coast of Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula.
Lawn
A lawn is an area of soil-covered land planted with grasses and other durable plants such as clover which are maintained at a short height with a lawn mower (or sometimes grazing animals) and used for aesthetic and recreational purposes—it is also commonly referred to as part of a garden.
Leaching (agriculture)
In agriculture, leaching is the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation.
See Irrigation and Leaching (agriculture)
Leaf sensor
A leaf sensor is a phytometric device (measurement of plant physiological processes) that measures water loss or the water deficit stress (WDS) in plants by real-time monitoring the moisture level in plant leaves.
See Irrigation and Leaf sensor
Levee
A levee, dike (American English), dyke (Commonwealth English), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is a structure used to keep the course of rivers from changing and to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river or coast.
Li Bing (Qin)
Li Bing was a Chinese hydraulic engineer and politician of the Warring States period.
See Irrigation and Li Bing (Qin)
Lift irrigation
Periyar lift irrigation in Kadungallur, Kerala Lift irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is not transported by natural flow, (as in gravity-fed canal) but is lifted with pumps or surge pools etc.
See Irrigation and Lift irrigation
List of countries by irrigated land area
This is a list of countries by irrigated land area based on The World Factbook of the Central Intelligence Agency.
See Irrigation and List of countries by irrigated land area
Livestock
Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.
Logging
Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport.
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (matrices) is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, with elements or entries arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or property of such an object.
See Irrigation and Matrix (mathematics)
Mau Mau rebellion
The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt, or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the Mau Mau, and the British authorities.
See Irrigation and Mau Mau rebellion
Meat
Meat is animal tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Irrigation and Mesopotamia
Micro-irrigation
Micro-irrigation, also called Micro-spray,localized, low-volume, low-flow, or trickle irrigation, is an irrigation method with lower water pressure and flow than a traditional sprinkler system.
See Irrigation and Micro-irrigation
Microclimate
A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often slightly but sometimes substantially. Irrigation and microclimate are Agronomy.
See Irrigation and Microclimate
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
See Irrigation and Mikhail Gorbachev
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth.
Montour County, Pennsylvania
Montour County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
See Irrigation and Montour County, Pennsylvania
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.
See Irrigation and Muammar Gaddafi
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian governor and military commander who was the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt.
See Irrigation and Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Nanchoc District
Nanchoc District is one of thirteen districts of San Miguel Province in the Cajamarca Region of Peru.
See Irrigation and Nanchoc District
Nevada
Nevada is a landlocked state in the Western region of the United States.
New Orleans
New Orleans (commonly known as NOLA or the Big Easy among other nicknames) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana.
See Irrigation and New Orleans
New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Newlands Reclamation Act
The Reclamation Act (also known as the Lowlands Reclamation Act or National Reclamation Act) of 1902 is a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 17 states in the American West.
See Irrigation and Newlands Reclamation Act
Niger River
The Niger River is the main river of West Africa, extending about. Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.
See Irrigation and Niger River
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.
Noria
A noria (ناعورة, nā‘ūra, plural نواعير nawāʿīr, from ܢܥܘܪܐ, nā‘orā, lit. "growler") is a hydropowered scoop wheel used to lift water into a small aqueduct, either for the purpose of irrigation or to supply water to cities and villages.
North China Plain
The North China Plain is a large-scale downfaulted rift basin formed in the late Paleogene and Neogene and then modified by the deposits of the Yellow River.
See Irrigation and North China Plain
Nubia
Nubia (Nobiin: Nobīn) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or more strictly, Al Dabbah.
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Ogallala Aquifer
The Ogallala Aquifer is a shallow water table aquifer surrounded by sand, silt, clay, and gravel located beneath the Great Plains in the United States.
See Irrigation and Ogallala Aquifer
Orange River
The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa.
See Irrigation and Orange River
Ornamental plant
Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space.
See Irrigation and Ornamental plant
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Irrigation and Ottoman Empire
Overconsumption (economics)
Overconsumption describes a situation where a consumer overuses their available goods and services to where they can't, or don't want to, replenish or reuse them.
See Irrigation and Overconsumption (economics)
Overdrafting
Overdrafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the equilibrium yield of an aquifer. Irrigation and Overdrafting are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Overdrafting
Ox
An ox (oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), is a bovine, trained and used as a draft animal.
Paddy field
A paddy field is a flooded field of arable land used for growing semiaquatic crops, most notably rice and taro. Irrigation and paddy field are land management.
See Irrigation and Paddy field
Pandukabhaya of Anuradhapura
Pandukabhaya was a king of Upatissa Nuwara and the first monarch of the Anuradhapura Kingdom and 6th over all of the island of Sri Lanka since the arrival of the Vijaya; he reigned from 437 BC to 367 BC.
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Parakramabahu I
Parākramabāhu I (Sinhala: මහා පරාක්රමබාහු, 1123–1186), or Parakramabahu the Great, was the king of Polonnaruwa from 1153 to 1186.
See Irrigation and Parakramabahu I
Peanut
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds.
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona, with 1,608,139 residents as of 2020.
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Plainville, New York
Plainville is a hamlet on NY Route 370, approximately 4.5 miles west of Baldwinsville in Onondaga County, New York, United States.
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Plastic mulch
Plastic mulch is a product used in plasticulture in a similar fashion to mulch, to suppress weeds and conserve water in crop production and landscaping.
See Irrigation and Plastic mulch
Polonnaruwa
Poḷonnaruwa, (translit; translit) also referred as Pulathisipura and Vijayarajapura in ancient times, is the main town of Polonnaruwa District in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.
See Irrigation and Polonnaruwa
Population growth
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group.
See Irrigation and Population growth
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.
Pretoria
Pretoria, is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.
Project
A project is a type of assignment, typically involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a specific objective.
Public works
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community.
See Irrigation and Public works
Punjab
Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
Qanat
A qanat or kārīz is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system originated approximately 3,000 years ago in Iran.
Qin (state)
Qin (or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.
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Quinoa
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa;, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family.
Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Rain
Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity.
Rain gauge
A rain gauge (also known as udometer, pluviometer, ombrometer, and hyetometer) is an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation over a predefined area, over a period of time.
Rainfed agriculture
Rainfed agriculture is a type of farming that relies on rainfall for water.
See Irrigation and Rainfed agriculture
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off.
See Irrigation and Rainwater harvesting
Reclaimed water
Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes.
See Irrigation and Reclaimed water
Reservoir
A reservoir is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation.
Revegetation
Revegetation is the process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land.
See Irrigation and Revegetation
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
River
A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
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Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster.
Saffman–Taylor instability
The Saffman–Taylor instability, also known as viscous fingering, is the formation of patterns in a morphologically unstable interface between two fluids in a porous medium, described mathematically by Philip Saffman and G. I. Taylor in a paper of 1958.
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Saline water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride).
See Irrigation and Saline water
Salt River (Arizona)
The Salt River (Spanish: Río Salado, O'odham Pima: Onk Akimel, Yavapai: Hakanyacha or Hakathi:, Maricopa language: Va Shly'ay) is a river in Gila and Maricopa counties in Arizona, United States, that is the largest tributary of the Gila River.
See Irrigation and Salt River (Arizona)
Samphire
Samphire is a name given to a number of succulent salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) that tend to be associated with water bodies.
San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley.
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Saqiyah
A sāqiyah or saqiya (ساقية), also spelled sakia or saqia) is a mechanical water lifting device. It is also called a Persian wheel, tablia, rehat, and in Latin tympanum. It is similar in function to a scoop wheel, which uses buckets, jars, or scoops fastened either directly to a vertical wheel, or to an endless belt activated by such a wheel.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.
See Irrigation and Schistosomiasis
Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov is an inland shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea.
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Secondary sector of the economy
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing.
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Sejong the Great
Sejong (15 May 1397 – 30 March 1450), personal name Yi Do, commonly known as Sejong the Great, was the fourth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea.
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Sewage
Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Sichuan
Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south.
Sigiriya
Sigiriya or Sinhagiri (Lion Rock සීගිරිය, சிகிரியா/சிங்ககிரி, pronounced see-gi-ri-yə) is an ancient rock fortress located in the northern Matale District near the town of Dambulla in the Central Province, Sri Lanka.
Sinhalese people
The Sinhalese people (Sinhala Janathāva), also known as the Sinhalese or Sinhala people are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the island of Sri Lanka.
See Irrigation and Sinhalese people
Sodium adsorption ratio
The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils. Irrigation and sodium adsorption ratio are agricultural soil science.
See Irrigation and Sodium adsorption ratio
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Irrigation and soil are land management.
Soil consolidation
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure.
See Irrigation and Soil consolidation
Soil salinity
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.
See Irrigation and Soil salinity
Soil salinity control
Soil salinity control refers to controlling the process and progress of soil salinity to prevent soil degradation by salination and reclamation of already salty (saline) soils. Irrigation and soil salinity control are agricultural soil science.
See Irrigation and Soil salinity control
Solenoid valve
A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve.
See Irrigation and Solenoid valve
Soviet Central Asia
Soviet Central Asia (Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian republics declared independence.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
See Irrigation and Soviet Union
Spring (hydrology)
A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from the aquifer and flows onto the top of the Earth's crust (pedosphere) to become surface water.
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Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history lasted approximately from 770 to 481 BCE which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period.
See Irrigation and Spring and Autumn period
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
Storm drain
A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and roofs.
See Irrigation and Storm drain
Stream
A stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.
Suaeda
Suaeda is a genus of plants also known as seepweeds and sea-blites.
Sub-irrigated planter
Sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a generic name for a special type of planting box used in container gardening and commercial landscaping.
See Irrigation and Sub-irrigated planter
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Irrigation and Sub-Saharan Africa
Subirrigation
Subirrigation also known as seepage irrigation, is a method of irrigation where water is delivered to the plant root zone.
See Irrigation and Subirrigation
Subsidence
Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities.
Sunshu Ao
Sunshu Ao (孫叔敖, c. 630 – c. 593 BCE) was a Chinese hydraulic engineer and politician.
Surface irrigation
Surface irrigation is where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. Irrigation and surface irrigation are agricultural soil science, Agronomy and land management.
See Irrigation and Surface irrigation
Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (TN) is the southernmost state of India.
Tana River (Kenya)
The ca.
See Irrigation and Tana River (Kenya)
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Irrigation and The World Factbook
Tidal irrigation
Tidal irrigation is the natural subsurface irrigation of levee soils in coastal plains using river water influenced by tidal movements. Irrigation and tidal irrigation are land management.
See Irrigation and Tidal irrigation
Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa.
Tripolium pannonicum
Tripolium pannonicum, called sea aster or seashore aster and often known by the synonyms Aster tripolium or Aster pannonicus, is a flowering plant, native to Eurasia and northern Africa, that is confined in its distribution to salt marshes, estuaries and occasionally to inland salt works.
See Irrigation and Tripolium pannonicum
Truss
A truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure.
Turkmens
Turkmens (Türkmenler, italic,,; historically "the Turkmen") are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan.
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC (190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI–XIV).
See Irrigation and Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.
See Irrigation and Union of South Africa
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Irrigation and United Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Irrigation and United States
United States Bureau of Reclamation
The Bureau of Reclamation, formerly the United States Reclamation Service, is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operation of the diversion, delivery, and storage projects that it has built throughout the western United States for irrigation, water supply, and attendant hydroelectric power generation.
See Irrigation and United States Bureau of Reclamation
Urbanization
Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
See Irrigation and Urbanization
Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Oʻzbek, Ўзбек,, Oʻzbeklar, Ўзбеклар) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area.
Valve
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
See Irrigation and Vladimir Lenin
Volga
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.
Warring States period
The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation.
See Irrigation and Warring States period
Waste
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials.
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
Water efficiency
Water efficiency is the practice of reducing water consumption by measuring the amount of water required for a particular purpose and is proportionate to the amount of essential water used.
See Irrigation and Water efficiency
Water pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. Irrigation and water pollution are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Water pollution
Water resources
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water.
See Irrigation and Water resources
Water right
Water right in water law is the right of a user to use water from a water source, e.g., a river, stream, pond or source of groundwater.
See Irrigation and Water right
Water scarcity
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. Irrigation and water scarcity are Environmental issues with water.
See Irrigation and Water scarcity
Water table
The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.
See Irrigation and Water table
Water tank
A water tank is a container for storing water, for many applications, drinking water, irrigation, fire suppression, farming, both for plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as many other uses.
Water use in alluvial fans
Water use in alluvial fans refers to irrigation systems using the water resources in alluvial fans, mainly river floods and groundwater recharged by infiltration of rain or river water, to enhance the production of agricultural crops. Irrigation and water use in alluvial fans are land management.
See Irrigation and Water use in alluvial fans
Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
See Irrigation and Water wheel
Watertable control
In geotechnical engineering, watertable control is the practice of controlling the height of the water table by drainage. Irrigation and watertable control are land management.
See Irrigation and Watertable control
Weed
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, growing where it conflicts with human preferences, needs, or goals.
Weir
A weir or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level.
Well
A well is an excavation or structure created in the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water.
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
Wicking bed
A wicking bed is an agricultural irrigation system used in arid countries where water is scarce, devised by Australian inventor Colin Austin.
See Irrigation and Wicking bed
Windpump
A windpump is a wind-driven device which is used for pumping water.
Wright Act of 1887
The Wright Act of 1887 is a state law of California passed by the legislature on March 7, 1887, that allowed farming regions to form and bond irrigation districts which allowed small farm owners to band together, pool resources, and get water to where it was needed.
See Irrigation and Wright Act of 1887
Ximen Bao
Ximen Bao was a Chinese hydraulic engineer, philosopher, and politician.
4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC.
See Irrigation and 4th millennium BC
6th millennium BC
The 6th millennium BC spanned the years 6000 BC to 5001 BC (c. 8 ka to c. 7 ka).
See Irrigation and 6th millennium BC
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation
Also known as Agricultural irrigation, Basic irrigation, Crop irrigation, Crop watering, Garden irrigation, History of irrigation, Hydraulic agriculture, Irrigate, Irrigated, Irrigated agriculture, Irrigated land, Irrigating, Irrigation (agriculture), Irrigation Valves, Irrigation and Drainage, Irrigation channels, Irrigation scheme, Irrigation system, Irrigation systems, Irrigation trench, Land irrigation, Macro-irrigation, Minor irrigation, Plant water system, Plant watering system, Watering, Watering of land.
, Delta Barrage, Desalination, Desert Land Act, Distribution uniformity, Don (river), Drainage basin, Drainage system (agriculture), Drip irrigation, Dujiangyan, Dust, Egypt, Energy crop, Eutrophication, Extractivism, Faiyum Oasis, Fertigation, Flood, Flooding of the Nile, Fog collection, Food security, France, Frederick Haynes Newell, Freshwater salinization, Frost, Germany, Gezira Scheme, Gila River, Girnar, Global Positioning System, Golf course, Grain, Great Man-Made River, Great Plains, Greenhouse, Groundwater, Groundwater-related subsidence, Growing season, Han dynasty, Hartbeespoort Dam, History of Egypt under the British, History of Iran, Hoover Dam, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Imperial Valley, India, Indus Valley Civilisation, Intensive farming, Iran, Irrigation, Irrigation controller, Irrigation districts in the United States, Irrigation management, Irrigation scheduling, Irrigation sprinkler, Irrigation statistics, Italian colonization of Libya, Jang Yeong-sil, Joseon, Joseph Stalin, Kammanassie Dam, Kazakhs, Kenya, Khuzestan province, Kuban (river), Lake, Land, Lanzarote, Lawn, Leaching (agriculture), Leaf sensor, Levee, Li Bing (Qin), Lift irrigation, List of countries by irrigated land area, Livestock, Logging, Maize, Malaria, Matrix (mathematics), Mau Mau rebellion, Meat, Mesopotamia, Micro-irrigation, Microclimate, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mining, Montour County, Pennsylvania, Muammar Gaddafi, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Nanchoc District, Nevada, New Orleans, New World, Newlands Reclamation Act, Niger River, Nile, Noria, North China Plain, Nubia, Nutrient, Ogallala Aquifer, Orange River, Ornamental plant, Ottoman Empire, Overconsumption (economics), Overdrafting, Ox, Paddy field, Pandukabhaya of Anuradhapura, Parakramabahu I, Peanut, Peru, Pharaoh, Phoenix, Arizona, Plainville, New York, Plastic mulch, Polonnaruwa, Population growth, Portugal, Pretoria, Project, Public works, Punjab, Qanat, Qin (state), Quinoa, Radiocarbon dating, Rain, Rain gauge, Rainfed agriculture, Rainwater harvesting, Reclaimed water, Reservoir, Revegetation, Rice, River, Roman Republic, Root, Saffman–Taylor instability, Saline water, Salt River (Arizona), Samphire, San Joaquin Valley, Saqiyah, Schistosomiasis, Sea of Azov, Secondary sector of the economy, Sejong the Great, Sewage, Sichuan, Sigiriya, Sinhalese people, Sodium adsorption ratio, Soil, Soil consolidation, Soil salinity, Soil salinity control, Solenoid valve, Soviet Central Asia, Soviet Union, Spring (hydrology), Spring and Autumn period, Sri Lanka, Storm drain, Stream, Suaeda, Sub-irrigated planter, Sub-Saharan Africa, Subirrigation, Subsidence, Sunshu Ao, Surface irrigation, Syr Darya, Tamil Nadu, Tana River (Kenya), The World Factbook, Tidal irrigation, Togo, Tripolium pannonicum, Truss, Turkmens, Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, United States Bureau of Reclamation, Urbanization, Uzbeks, Valve, Vladimir Lenin, Volga, Warring States period, Waste, Water, Water efficiency, Water pollution, Water resources, Water right, Water scarcity, Water table, Water tank, Water use in alluvial fans, Water wheel, Watertable control, Weed, Weir, Well, Wheat, Wicking bed, Windpump, Wright Act of 1887, Ximen Bao, 4th millennium BC, 6th millennium BC.