Islam, the Glossary
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.[1]
Table of Contents
812 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid Revolution, ABC-Clio, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Abolition of the Caliphate, Abraham in Islam, Abrahamic religions, Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Hanifa, Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari, Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Abul A'la Maududi, Adam in Islam, Adhan, African-American Muslims, Ahkam, Ahl al-Bayt, Ahl al-Hadith, Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ahmadiyya, Ahmadiyya in Pakistan, Aisha, Aisha Abd al-Rahman, Al Jazeera English, Al-Ahram Weekly, Al-Andalus, Al-Aqsa, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Al-Azhar University, Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Al-Hallaj, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Jabr, Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Ma'mun, Al-Manār (magazine), Al-Mu'tasim, Al-Qaria, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Tabari, Al-Zalzalah, Alcoholic beverage, Alevism, Alfred A. Knopf, Algebra, Algeria, ... Expand index (762 more) »
- 610 establishments
- Abrahamic religions
- Religious organizations established in the 7th century
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Islam and Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid Revolution, also called the Movement of the Men of the Black Raiment (حركة رجال الثياب السوداء ḥaraka rijāl ath-thiyāb as-sawdāʾ), was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE), the second of the four major Caliphates in Islamic history, by the third, the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517 CE).
See Islam and Abbasid Revolution
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (translit; May 624October/November 692) was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads from 683 until his death.
See Islam and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Abolition of the Caliphate
The Ottoman Caliphate, the world's last widely recognized caliphate, was abolished on 3 March 1924 (27 Rajab AH 1342) by decree of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
See Islam and Abolition of the Caliphate
Abraham in Islam
Abraham was a prophet and messenger of God according to Islam, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites.
See Islam and Abraham in Islam
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well). Islam and Abrahamic religions are monotheistic religions.
See Islam and Abrahamic religions
Abu Bakr
Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), commonly known by the kunya Abu Bakr, was the first caliph, ruling from 632 until his death in 634.
Abu Bakr al-Razi
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: label),, often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age.
See Islam and Abu Bakr al-Razi
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (translit; September 699–767) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.
Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (translit; 874–936 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist of the Shafi'i school, exegete, reformer, and scholastic theologian known for being the eponymous founder of the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology.
See Islam and Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944) was an Islamic scholar and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of theology in Sunni Islam.
See Islam and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Abul A'la Maududi
Abul A'la al-Maududi (ابو الاعلی المودودی|translit.
See Islam and Abul A'la Maududi
Adam in Islam
Adam (ʾĀdam), in Islamic theology, is believed to have been the first human being on Earth and the first prophet (نبي, nabī) of Islam.
Adhan
The (adhān) is the first Islamic call to prayer, usually recited by a muezzin at five times of the day in a mosque, traditionally from a minaret.
See Islam and Adhan
African-American Muslims
African-American Muslims, also known as Black Muslims, are an African-American religious minority.
See Islam and African-American Muslims
Ahkam
Ahkam (أحكام"rulings", plural of (حُكْم)) is an Islamic term with several meanings.
See Islam and Ahkam
Ahl al-Bayt
(lit) refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Ahl al-Hadith
(lit) is an Islamic school of Sunni Islam that emerged during the 2nd and 3rd Islamic centuries of the Islamic era (late 8th and 9th century CE) as a movement of hadith scholars who considered the Quran and authentic hadith to be the only authority in matters of law and creed.
Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
The Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project (Ahlul Bayt DILP) is a non-profit Shi'a organization that features work from a group of international volunteers.
See Islam and Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (translit; November 780 – 2 August 855) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, traditionist, ascetic and eponym of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam.
See Islam and Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ) is an Islamic messianic movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam; as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected eschatological figure of other major religious traditions.
Ahmadiyya in Pakistan
Ahmadiyya in Pakistan are members of the Ahmadiyya Community.
See Islam and Ahmadiyya in Pakistan
Aisha
Aisha bint Abi Bakr was Islamic prophet Muhammad's third and youngest wife.
See Islam and Aisha
Aisha Abd al-Rahman
Aisha Abd al-Rahman (Arabic: عائشة عبد الرحمن; 18 November 1913 – 1 December 1998) (ʻĀʾishah ʻAbd al-Raḥman) was an Egyptian author, editor and professor of literature who published under the pen name Bint al-Shāṭiʾ (بِنْت ٱلشّاطِئ).
See Islam and Aisha Abd al-Rahman
Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.
See Islam and Al Jazeera English
Al-Ahram Weekly
Al-Ahram Weekly is an English-language weekly broadsheet printed by the Al-Ahram Publishing House in Cairo, Egypt.
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Al-Aqsa
Al-Aqsa (translit) or al-Masjid al-Aqṣā (المسجد الأقصى) and also is the compound of Islamic religious buildings that sit atop the Temple Mount, also known as the Haram al-Sharif, in the Old City of Jerusalem, including the Dome of the Rock, many mosques and prayer halls, madrasas, zawiyas, khalwas and other domes and religious structures, as well as the four encircling minarets.
Al-Aqsa Mosque
The Aqsa Mosque (congregational mosque of Al-Aqsa), also known as the Qibli Mosque or Qibli Chapel (المصلى القبلي), and also is the main congregational mosque or prayer hall in the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in the Old City of Jerusalem.
Al-Azhar University
The Al-Azhar University (1) is a public university in Cairo, Egypt.
See Islam and Al-Azhar University
Al-Farabi
Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad al-Fārābī; — 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.
Al-Ghazali
Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsiyy al-Ghazali (أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ), known commonly as Al-Ghazali (ٱلْغَزَالِيُّ;,; – 19 December 1111), known in Medieval Europe by the Latinized Algazelus or Algazel, was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath.
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
Abu Ali al-Mansur (13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his regnal name al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (translit), was the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam (996–1021).
See Islam and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
Al-Hallaj
Mansour al-Hallaj (Abū 'l-Muġīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj) or Mansour Hallaj (Mansūr-e Hallāj) (26 March 922) (Hijri 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, poet, and teacher of Sufism.
Al-Ikhlas
Al-Ikhlāṣ (الْإِخْلَاص, "Sincerity"), also known as the Declaration of God's Unity and al-Tawhid (التوحيد., "Monotheism"), is the 112th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran.
Al-Jabr
Al-Jabr (Arabic: الجبر), also known as The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing (الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة,; or Liber Algebræ et Almucabola), is an Arabic mathematical treatise on algebra written in Baghdad around 820 by the Persian polymath Al-Khwarizmi.
Al-Khwarizmi
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (محمد بن موسى خوارزمی), often referred to as simply al-Khwarizmi, was a polymath who produced vastly influential Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography.
Al-Ma'mun
Abu al-Abbas Abd Allah ibn Harun al-Rashid (Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn ar-Rashīd; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name al-Ma'mun (al-Maʾmūn), was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833.
Al-Manār (magazine)
Al-Manār (المنار; 'The Lighthouse'), was an Islamic magazine, written in Arabic, and was founded, published and edited by Rashid Rida from 1898 until his death in 1935 in Cairo, Egypt.
See Islam and Al-Manār (magazine)
Al-Mu'tasim
Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh (المعتصمبالله), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 until his death in 842.
Al-Qaria
Al-Qaria or The Calamity (القارعة, al-Qāriʻah, also known as The Striking), is the 101st chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 11 āyāt or verses.
Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (translit;;767–820 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
Al-Tabari
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (ٱلطَّبَرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslim scholar, polymath, traditionalist, historian, exegete, jurist, and theologian from Amol, Tabaristan, present-day Iran.
Al-Zalzalah
Al-Zalzalah (الزلزلة., al-zalzalah, "The Quake") is the 99th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, composed of 8 ayat or verses.
Alcoholic beverage
An alcoholic beverage (also called an adult beverage, alcoholic drink, strong drink, or simply a drink) is a beverage containing alcohol.
See Islam and Alcoholic beverage
Alevism
Alevism (Alevilik;; Ələvilik) is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who supposedly taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism.
Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915.
Algebra
Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies algebraic structures and the manipulation of statements within those structures.
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.
Alhamdulillah
Alhamdulillah (ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ) is an Arabic phrase meaning "praise be to God", sometimes translated as "thank God" or "thanks be to the Lord".
Ali
Ali ibn Abi Talib (translit) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.
See Islam and Ali
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (علی ابن سهل ربن طبری; c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855 or 808–864 also 783–858), was a Persian Muslim scholar, physician and psychologist, who produced one of the first Islamic encyclopedia of medicine titled Firdaws al-Hikmah ("Paradise of Wisdom").
See Islam and Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
Allah
Allah (ﷲ|translit.
See Islam and Allah
Allen & Unwin
George Allen & Unwin was a British publishing company formed in 1911 when Sir Stanley Unwin purchased a controlling interest in George Allen & Co.
Alms
Alms are money, food, or other material goods donated to people living in poverty.
See Islam and Alms
American Academy of Religion
The American Academy of Religion (AAR) is the world's largest association of scholars in the field of religious studies and related topics.
See Islam and American Academy of Religion
American Oriental Society
The American Oriental Society is a learned society that encourages basic research in the languages and literatures of the Near East and Asia.
See Islam and American Oriental Society
Amin (name)
Amin or Amine (amīn), cognate to amen (آمين), is an Arabic male given name, meaning "devoted, honest, straightforward, trusty, worth of belief (believable), loyal, faithful, obedient".
Amr Khaled
Amr Mohamed Helmi Khaled (عمرو محمد حلمي خالد; born: 5 September 1967) is an Egyptian Muslim activist and television preacher.
Anadolu Agency
Anadolu Agency (Anadolu Ajansı,; abbreviated AA) is a state-run news agency headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.
Angels in Islam
In Islam, angels (ملاك٬ ملك|malāk; plural: ملائِكة|malāʾik/malāʾikah|label.
Aniconism in Islam
In some forms of Islamic art, aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that the creation of living forms is God's prerogative.
See Islam and Aniconism in Islam
Animism
Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
Ansar (Islam)
The Ansar or Ansari (The Helpers' or 'Those who bring victory) are the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes when they emigrated from Mecca during the hijra.
Anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.
See Islam and Anthropomorphism
Antireligion
Antireligion is opposition to religion or traditional religious beliefs and practices.
Apostasy in Islam
Apostasy in Islam (translit or label) is commonly defined as the abandonment of Islam by a Muslim, in thought, word, or through deed.
See Islam and Apostasy in Islam
Aqidah
Aqidah (pl.) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that literally means "creed".
See Islam and Aqidah
Aqiqah
ʾAqīqah, aqeeqa, or aqeeqah is the Islamic tradition of the sacrifice of an animal on the occasion of a child's birth.
See Islam and Aqiqah
Arab Agricultural Revolution
The Arab Agricultural Revolution was the transformation in agriculture in the Old World during the Islamic Golden Age (8th to 13th centuries).
See Islam and Arab Agricultural Revolution
Arab Muslims
Arab Muslims (ﺍﻟْمُسْلِمون ﺍﻟْﻌَﺮَﺏ) are the largest subdivision of the Arab people and the largest ethnic group among Muslims globally, followed by Bengalis and Punjabis.
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Islam and Arabian Peninsula
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
See Islam and Arabic
Arabic literature
Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.
See Islam and Arabic literature
Archangel
Archangels are described as the second-lowest rank of angel in De Coelesti Hierarchia (On the Celestial Hierarchy) written by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite in the 5th or 6th century.
Asceticism
Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.
Ash'arism
Ash'arism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, a Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer (mujaddid), and scholastic theologian, in the 9th–10th century.
Ashgate Publishing
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom).
See Islam and Ashgate Publishing
Ashura
Ashura is a day of commemoration in Islam.
See Islam and Ashura
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.
See Islam and Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Atharism
Atharism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam which developed from circles of the, a group that rejected rationalistic theology in favor of strict textualism in interpretation the Quran and the hadith.
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
See Islam and Augustine of Hippo
Automaton
An automaton (automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.
Averroes
Ibn Rushd (ابن رشد; full name in; 14 April 112611 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes, was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics.
Avicenna
Ibn Sina (translit; – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.
Āyah
An āyah (آية,; آيات) is a "verse" in the Quran, one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (surah) of the Quran and are marked by a number.
See Islam and Āyah
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
The (İA) is a Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies published by.
See Islam and İslâm Ansiklopedisi
Š-L-M
Shin-Lamedh-Mem is a triconsonantal root of many Semitic words (many of which are used as names).
See Islam and Š-L-M
Babur
Babur (14 February 148326 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
See Islam and Babur
Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people. Islam and Baháʼí Faith are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
Baháʼu'lláh
Baháʼu'lláh (born Ḥusayn-ʻAlí; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892) was an Iranian religious leader who founded the Baháʼí Faith.
Banū Mūsā brothers
The three brothers Abū Jaʿfar, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (before 803 – February 873); Abū al‐Qāsim, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century) and Al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century), were Persian scholars who lived and worked in Baghdad.
See Islam and Banū Mūsā brothers
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.
Barelvi movement
The Barelvi movement, also known as Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah (People of the Prophet's Way and the Community) is a Sunni revivalist movement that generally adheres to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of jurisprudence, and Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of theology with hundreds of millions of followers, and it encompasses a variety of Sufi orders, including the Chistis, Qadiris, Suhrawardis and Naqshbandis as well as many other orders of Sufism.
See Islam and Barelvi movement
Barghawata
The Barghawatas (also Barghwata or Berghouata) were a Berber tribal confederation on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, belonging to the Masmuda confederacy.
Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble Booksellers is an American bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States.
Basmala
The Basmala (بَسْمَلَة,; also known by its opening words; بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ, "In the name of God"), or Tasmiyyah (Arabic: تَسْمِيَّة), is the titular name of the Islamic phrase "In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" (Arabic: بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ).
Batin (Islam)
Bāṭin or baten (باطن) literally means "inner", "inward", "hidden", etc.
Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr (غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ), also referred to as The Day of the Criterion in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH), near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Province in Saudi Arabia.
Battle of Karbala
The Battle of Karbala (maʿraka Karbalāʾ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at Karbala, Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq).
See Islam and Battle of Karbala
Battle of Nahrawan
The Battle of Nahrawan (translit) was fought between the army of Caliph Ali and the rebel group Kharijites in July 658 CE (Safar 38 AH).
See Islam and Battle of Nahrawan
Battle of Siffin
The Battle of Siffin (translit) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rebellious governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan.
See Islam and Battle of Siffin
Battle of the Camel
The Battle of the Camel took place outside of Basra, Iraq, in 36 AH (656 CE).
See Islam and Battle of the Camel
Battle of the Trench
The Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq), also known as the Battle of Khandaq (Ma’rakah al-Khandaq) and the Battle of the Confederates (Ghazwat al-Ahzab), was part of the conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh, where this time the Quraysh took the offensive and advanced on the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around their settlement at the suggestion of Salman the Persian.
See Islam and Battle of the Trench
Battle of Uhud
The Battle of Uhud was fought between the early Muslims and the Quraysh during the Muslim–Quraysh wars in a valley north of Mount Uhud near Medina on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD (7 Shawwal, 3 AH). After suffering defeat at the Battle of Badr and having their caravans endlessly raided by the Muslims, the Quraysh finally saw the necessity to take strong measures.
Bayazid Bastami
Abū Yazīd Ṭayfūr bin ʿĪsā bin Surūshān al-Bisṭāmī (al-Basṭāmī) (d. 261/874–5 or 234/848–9), commonly known in the Iranian world as Bāyazīd Bisṭāmī (بایزید بسطامی), was a PersianWalbridge, John.
Bayt al-mal
Bayt al-mal (بيت المال) is an Arabic term that is translated as "House of money" or "House of wealth." Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.
Báb
The Báb (born ʿAlí Muḥammad;; علی محمد; 20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850) was the founder of Bábi Faith, and one of the central figures of the Baháʼí Faith.
See Islam and Báb
Bábism
Bábism (translit), also known as the Bábi Faith, is a monotheistic religion founded in 1844 by the Báb ('Ali Muhammad). Islam and Bábism are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
See Islam and Bábism
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
BBC Online
BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.
Be, and it is
"Be, and it is" (كُن فَيَكُونُ) is a phrase referring to creation by Allah.
Bektashi Order
The Bektashi Order or Bektashism is an Islamic Sufi mystic order originating in the 13th-century Ottoman Empire.
Bengali Muslims
Bengali Muslims (বাঙালি মুসলমান) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis.
Berber Revolt
The Berber Revolt or the Kharijite Revolt of 740–743 AD (122–125 AH in the Islamic calendar) took place during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and marked the first successful secession from the Arab caliphate (ruled from Damascus).
Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs is an academic research center at Georgetown University in Washington, DC dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of religion, ethics, and politics.
See Islam and Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
Bethany House
Bethany House Publishers is a publisher that publishes Christian fiction and non-fiction books.
Bid'ah
In Islam, (بدعة) refers to innovation in religious matters.
See Islam and Bid'ah
Bilal ibn Rabah
Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ (بِلَال بِن رَبَاح) (5 March 580 – 2 March 640), was one of the Sahabah (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Bilal Muslim Mission
The Bilal Muslim Mission is an international Shi'a twelver organization, established in East Africa on December 25, 1964 through the efforts of Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi, and other dedicated volunteers.
See Islam and Bilal Muslim Mission
BioMed Research International
BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of biomedical sciences.
See Islam and BioMed Research International
Black Stone
The Black Stone (translit) is a rock set into the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the ancient building in the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Bloomington, Indiana
Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Indiana, United States.
See Islam and Bloomington, Indiana
Bloomsbury Publishing
Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.
See Islam and Bloomsbury Publishing
Bosnian genocide
The Bosnian genocide (Bosanski genocid / Босански геноцид) refers to both the Srebrenica massacre and the wider crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995.
See Islam and Bosnian genocide
Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
See Islam and Boston
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Islam and Brill Publishers
Bukhara
Bukhara (Uzbek; بخارا) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents.
Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies
The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, founded in 1917 (one year after the foundation of the School) as Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, is an interdisciplinary journal of Asian and African studies, published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies.
See Islam and Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies
Burlington, Vermont
Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County.
See Islam and Burlington, Vermont
Buyid dynasty
The Buyid dynasty (Âl-i Bōya), also spelled Buwayhid (Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Zaydi and, later, Twelver Shia dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Islam and Byzantine Empire
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Islam and Cambridge University Press
Carrion
Carrion, also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals.
Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries.
Cengage Group
Cengage Group is an American educational content, technology, and services company for higher education, K–12, professional, and library markets.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Islam and Central Intelligence Agency
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.
See Islam and Chad
Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors.
See Islam and Chagatai Khanate
Charitable trust
A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes.
See Islam and Charitable trust
Charles Scribner's Sons
Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Stephen King, Robert A. Heinlein, Thomas Wolfe, George Santayana, John Clellon Holmes, Don DeLillo, and Edith Wharton.
See Islam and Charles Scribner's Sons
Child support
Child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (State or parent, caregiver, guardian) following the end of a marriage or other similar relationship.
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See Islam and Chinese Communist Party
Chinese culture
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.
Christian influences on the Islamic world
Christian influences in Islam can be traced back to Eastern Christianity, which surrounded the origins of Islam.
See Islam and Christian influences on the Islamic world
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Islam and Christianity are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
Christianity in Europe
Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe.
See Islam and Christianity in Europe
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Circumcision
Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis.
Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.
Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic or Quranic Arabic (the most eloquent classic Arabic) is the standardized literary form of Arabic used from the 7th century and throughout the Middle Ages onwards, having succeeded the Paleo-Arabic script.
See Islam and Classical Arabic
Clergy
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions.
See Islam and Clergy
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Islam and CNN
Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.
See Islam and Codification (law)
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence.
See Islam and Companions of the Prophet
Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes Company Raj, from lit) was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent.
See Islam and Company rule in India
Conquest of Mecca
The conquest of Mecca (فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ, alternatively, "liberation of Mecca") was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War.
See Islam and Conquest of Mecca
Constitution of Medina
The Constitution of Medina (دستور المدينة, Dustūr al-Madīna), also known as the Umma Document, is a document dealing with tribal affairs during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's time in Medina and formed the basis of a multi-religious state under his leadership.
See Islam and Constitution of Medina
Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.
See Islam and Continuum International Publishing Group
Conversion to Islam
Conversion to Islam is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion.
See Islam and Conversion to Islam
Creed
A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) in a form which is structured by subjects which summarize its core tenets.
See Islam and Creed
Criticism of multiculturalism
Criticism of multiculturalism questions the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a country.
See Islam and Criticism of multiculturalism
Cultural Muslims
Cultural Muslims, also known as nominal Muslims, non-practicing Muslims or non-observing Muslims, are people who identify as Muslims but are not religious and do not practice the faith.
See Islam and Cultural Muslims
Current Sociology
Current Sociology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of sociology.
See Islam and Current Sociology
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (abbreviation CTHM; Servant of the Two Noble Sanctuaries), or Protector of the Two Holy Cities, is a royal style that has been used officially by the monarchs of Saudi Arabia since 1986.
See Islam and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Dalit
Dalit (from dalita meaning "broken/scattered") is a term first coined by the Indian social reformer Jyotirao Phule for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent.
See Islam and Dalit
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (– September 14, 1321), most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and widely known and often referred to in English mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
Darussalam Publishers
Darussalam International Publishing & Distribution (also known as Dar-us-Salam in U.S.) is a Saudi-based multilingual international publishing house which operates in 35 countries.
See Islam and Darussalam Publishers
Dawah
(دعوة,, "invitation", also spelt dâvah,,, or dakwah) is the act of inviting people to Islam.
See Islam and Dawah
Day of Arafah
The Day of Arafah (Yawm 'Arafah) is an Islamic holiday that falls on the ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic Calendar.
De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
Debt bondage
Debt bondage, also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage, is the pledge of a person's services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation.
Deity
A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life.
See Islam and Deity
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).
Deobandi movement
The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law.
See Islam and Deobandi movement
Depictions of Muhammad
The permissibility of depictions of Muhammad in Islam has been a contentious issue.
See Islam and Depictions of Muhammad
Der Islam
Der Islam: Journal of the History and Culture of the Middle East is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the history and culture of the Middle East.
Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
The destruction of heritage sites associated with early Islam is an ongoing phenomenon that has occurred mainly in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, particularly around the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina.
See Islam and Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
Dhu al-Hijjah
Dhu al-Hijjah (also Dhu al-Hijja translit) is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar.
Dirham
The dirham, dirhem or drahm (درهم) is a unit of currency and of mass.
See Islam and Dirham
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
See Islam and Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed around 1321, shortly before the author's death.
Divine presence
Divine presence, presence of God, Inner God, or simply presence is a concept in religion, spirituality, and theology that deals with the ability of a deity to be "present" with human beings, sometimes associated with omnipresence.
Druze
The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul. Islam and Druze are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
See Islam and Druze
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Islam and Early Muslim conquests
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the African continent, distinguished by its geographical, historical, and cultural landscape.
Edinburgh University Press
Edinburgh University Press is a scholarly publisher of academic books and journals, based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
See Islam and Edinburgh University Press
Edward N. Zalta
Edward Nouri Zalta (born March 16, 1952) is an American philosopher who is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University.
Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha is the second of the two main holidays in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr.
Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr (lit) is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha).
Election of Uthman
The Election of Uthman refers to the appointment of Uthman ibn Affan as the third caliph by a committee (shura), which was assembled by the dying caliph Umar in 23 AH (643-4 CE).
See Islam and Election of Uthman
Elocution
Elocution is the study of formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style, and tone as well as the idea and practice of effective speech and its forms.
Emad Shahin
Emad Shahin (Also Emad El-Din Shahin, عماد شاهين; born August 24, 1957) is an Egyptian professor of political science.
Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.
See Islam and Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān (abbreviated EQ) is an encyclopedia dedicated to Quranic Studies edited by Islamic scholar Jane Dammen McAuliffe, and published by Brill Publishers.
See Islam and Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Islam and Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is the company known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopaedia.
See Islam and Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
See Islam and Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopedia.com
Encyclopedia.com is an online encyclopedia.
See Islam and Encyclopedia.com
English-speaking world
The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language.
See Islam and English-speaking world
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
See Islam and Europe
Faqīh
A faqīh (fuqahā, فقيه;: ‏فقهاء&lrm) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law.
See Islam and Faqīh
Fard
(فرض) or (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God.
See Islam and Fard
Farnham
Farnham is a market town and civil parish in Surrey, England, around southwest of London.
Fasting during Ramadan
During the entire month of Ramadan, Muslims are obligated to fast (صوم, sawm; Persian: روزہ, rozeh), every day from dawn to sunset.
See Islam and Fasting during Ramadan
Fasting in Islam
In Islam, fasting (known as, صوم; or, صيام) is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, sexual activity and anything which substitutes food and drink.
See Islam and Fasting in Islam
Fatima Masumeh Shrine
The Shrine of Fatima Masumeh (حرمفاطمه معصومه translit. haram-e fateme-ye masumeh) is located in Qom, which is considered by Twelver Shia Muslims to be the second most sacred city in Iran after Mashhad.
See Islam and Fatima Masumeh Shrine
Fatimid dynasty
The Fatimid dynasty was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE.
Fatwa
A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government.
See Islam and Fatwa
Festival
A festival is an event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures.
Financial capital
Financial capital (also simply known as capital or equity in finance, accounting and economics) is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based (e.g.
See Islam and Financial capital
Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.
See Islam and Fiqh
First Fitna
The First Fitna was the first civil war in the Islamic community.
First Islamic State
The first Islamic State, better known as State of Medina was the first islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina.
See Islam and First Islamic State
Fitra
or (ALA-LC) is an Arabic word that means 'original disposition', 'natural constitution' or 'innate nature'.
See Islam and Fitra
Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam (أركان الإسلام; also أركان الدين "pillars of the religion") are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims.
See Islam and Five Pillars of Islam
Flute
The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.
See Islam and Flute
Foot binding, or footbinding, was the Chinese custom of breaking and tightly binding the feet of young girls to change their shape and size.
Fordham University Press
The Fordham University Press is a publishing house, a division of Fordham University, that publishes primarily in the humanities and the social sciences.
See Islam and Fordham University Press
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
Freedom of thought
Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.
See Islam and Freedom of thought
Function (mathematics)
In mathematics, a function from a set to a set assigns to each element of exactly one element of.
See Islam and Function (mathematics)
Funeral prayer (Islam)
(صلاة الجنازة) is the name of the special prayer that accompanies an Islamic funeral.
See Islam and Funeral prayer (Islam)
Gabriel
In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith), Gabriel is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind.
Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources.
See Islam and Gale (publisher)
Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Occitania and Provence, in Southern France.
See Islam and Gallia Narbonensis
Gender
Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity.
See Islam and Gender
Gender roles in Islam
Gender roles in Islam are based on scriptures, cultural traditions, and jurisprudence.
See Islam and Gender roles in Islam
George Saliba
George Saliba (Arabic: جورج صليبا) is an American historian who is Professor of Arabic and Islamic Science at the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies, Columbia University, New York, where he has been since 1979.
Ghadir Khumm
The Ghadīr Khumm (غَدِير خُم) was a gathering of Muslims to attend a sermon delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on 16 March 632 CE.
Ghaznavids
The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان Ġaznaviyān) or the Ghaznavid Empire was a Persianate Muslim dynasty and empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruling at its greatest extent from the Oxus to the Indus Valley from 977 to 1186.
Ghulam Ahmed Perwez
Ghulam Ahmad Parwez (غلاماحمد پرویز; 1903–1985) was a well-known teacher of the Quran in India and Pakistan.
See Islam and Ghulam Ahmed Perwez
Ghusl
(غسل) is an Arabic term that means the full-body ritual purification which is mandatory before the performance of various Islamic activities and prayers.
See Islam and Ghusl
Glossary of Islam
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language.
See Islam and Glossary of Islam
Gnosticism
Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek:, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: ɣnostiˈkos, 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish and early Christian sects. Islam and Gnosticism are Abrahamic religions.
God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
See Islam and God
God in Islam
In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of ٱلْإِلَٰه, lit.) is seen as the creator and sustainer of the universe, who lives eternally and will eventually resurrect all humans.
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
Gospel
Gospel (εὐαγγέλιον; evangelium) originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported.
See Islam and Gospel
Gospel in Islam
Injil (ʾInjīl, alternative spellings: Ingil or Injeel) is the Arabic name for the Gospel of Jesus (Isa).
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
See Islam and Gospel of Matthew
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان, abbreviated as GoP), constitutionally known as the Federal Government, commonly known as the Centre, is the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of four provinces and one federal territory.
See Islam and Government of Pakistan
Great Mosque of Djenné
The Great Mosque of Djenné (translit) is a large brick or adobe building in the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style.
See Islam and Great Mosque of Djenné
Great Mosque of Kairouan
The Great Mosque of Kairouan (جامع القيروان الأكبر), also known as the Mosque of Uqba (جامع عقبة بن نافع), is a mosque situated in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Kairouan, Tunisia and is one of the largest Islamic monuments in North Africa.
See Islam and Great Mosque of Kairouan
Great Mosque of Xi'an
The Great Mosque of Xi'an is one of the largest premodern mosques in China.
See Islam and Great Mosque of Xi'an
Great Tribulation
In Christian eschatology, the Great Tribulation (thlîpsis megálē) is a period mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet Discourse as a sign that would occur in the time of the end.
See Islam and Great Tribulation
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Islam and Greenwood Publishing Group
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world.
See Islam and Gregorian calendar
Grolier
Grolier was one of the largest American publishers of general encyclopedias, including The Book of Knowledge (1910), The New Book of Knowledge (1966), The New Book of Popular Science (1972), Encyclopedia Americana (1945), Academic American Encyclopedia (1980), and numerous incarnations of a CD-ROM encyclopedia (1986–2003).
Guaranteed minimum income
Guaranteed minimum income (GMI), also called minimum income (or mincome for short), is a social-welfare system that guarantees all citizens or families an income sufficient to live on, provided that certain eligibility conditions are met, typically: citizenship and that the person in question does not already receive a minimum level of income to live on.
See Islam and Guaranteed minimum income
Guinness World Records
Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a British reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.
See Islam and Guinness World Records
Gunpowder empires
The gunpowder empires, or Islamic gunpowder empires, is a collective term coined by Marshall G. S. Hodgson and William H. McNeill at the University of Chicago, referring to three early modern Muslim empires: the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire, in the period they flourished from mid-16th to the early 18th century.
See Islam and Gunpowder empires
Guru Nanak
Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation), also known as ('Father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
Ha-Mim
Ha-Mim (حا میم.) is the short form of the name Ha-Mim ibn Mann-Allah ibn Harir ibn Umar ibn Rahfu ibn Azerwal ibn Majkasa (أبا محمد حاميمبن من الله بن حرير بن عمر بن رحفو بن أزروال بن مجكسة), also known as Abu Muhammad; he was a member of the Majkasa sub-tribe of the Ghomara Berbers who proclaimed himself a prophet in 925 near Tetouan in Morocco.
See Islam and Ha-Mim
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.
See Islam and Hadith
Hadith of Gabriel
In Sunni Islam, the Hadith of Gabriel (also known as, Ḥadīth Jibrīl) is a hadith of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (the last prophet of Islam) which expresses the religion of Islam in a concise manner.
See Islam and Hadith of Gabriel
Hadith of the twelve successors
The hadith of the twelve successors (ḥadīth al-ithnā ʿashar khalīfa) is a widely-reported prophecy, attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, predicting that there would be twelve successors after him.
See Islam and Hadith of the twelve successors
Hadith studies
Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, (i.e. what most Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators).
Hadith terminology
Hadith terminology (muṣṭalaḥu l-ḥadīth) is the body of terminology in Islam which specifies the acceptability of the sayings (hadith) attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by other early Islamic figures of significance such as the companions and followers/successors.
See Islam and Hadith terminology
Hafiz (Quran)
Hafiz (ḥāfiẓ, pl. ḥuffāẓ حُفَّاظ, f. ḥāfiẓa حافظة), literally meaning "protector", depending on the context, is a term used by Muslims for someone who has completely memorized the Quran.
Hagar
According to the Book of Genesis, Hagar was an Egyptian slave, a handmaiden of Sarah (then known as Sarai), whom Sarah gave to her own husband Abram (later renamed Abraham) as a wife to bear him a child.
See Islam and Hagar
Haji Bektash Veli
Haji Bektash Veli (Ḥājī Baktāš Walī; Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli; Haxhi Bektash Veliu) was an Islamic scholar, mystic, saint, sayyid, and philosopher from Khorasan who lived and taught in Anatolia.
See Islam and Haji Bektash Veli
Hajj
Hajj (translit; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims.
See Islam and Hajj
Hanafi school
The Hanafi school or Hanafism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hanbali school
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Haram
Haram (حَرَام) is an Arabic term meaning 'forbidden'.
See Islam and Haram
Harper Perennial
Harper Perennial is a paperback imprint of the publishing house HarperCollins Publishers.
See Islam and Harper Perennial
HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.
HarperOne
HarperOne is a publishing imprint of HarperCollins, specializing in books that aim to "transform, inspire, change lives, and influence cultural discussions." Under the original name of Harper San Francisco, the imprint was founded in 1977 by 13 employees of the New York City–based Harper & Row, who traveled west to San Francisco to be at the center of the New Age movement.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Islam and Harvard University Press
Hasan al-Basri
Abu Sa'id ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as Hasan of Basra (Arabic: الحسن البصري, romanized: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or as Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge.
Hasan ibn Ali
Hasan ibn Ali (translit; 2 April 670) was an Alid political and religious leader.
Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty
The Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty was a political peace treaty signed in 661 between Hasan ibn Ali and Mu'awiya I to bring the First Fitna (656–661) to a close.
See Islam and Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty
Hava Lazarus-Yafeh
Hava Lazarus–Yafeh (1930–1998) was a German-born Israeli Orientalist, scholar, editor, and educator.
See Islam and Hava Lazarus-Yafeh
Haya (Islam)
Haya (Hayāʾ, roughly corresponding to "bashfulness", "decency", "modesty", "shyness") is an Arabic word that means "natural or inherent, shyness and a sense of modesty".
Hejaz
The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.
See Islam and Hejaz
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe.
Hell
In religion and folklore, hell is a location or state in the afterlife in which souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as punishment after death.
See Islam and Hell
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
Heterodoxy
In religion, heterodoxy (from Ancient Greek:, "other, another, different" +, "popular belief") means "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position".
Hijab
In modern usage, hijab (translit) generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women.
See Islam and Hijab
Hijrah
The Hijrah (hijra, originally 'a severing of ties of kinship or association'), also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina.
See Islam and Hijrah
Hindawi (publisher)
Hindawi was a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals active in scientific, technical, and medical (STM) literature.
See Islam and Hindawi (publisher)
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
History of Islamic economics
Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many advanced economic concepts, techniques and usages.
See Islam and History of Islamic economics
History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
The history of the Eastern Orthodox Church is the formation, events, and transformation of the Eastern Orthodox Church through time.
See Islam and History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Holiest sites in Islam
The holiest sites in Islam are located in the Arabian Peninsula.
See Islam and Holiest sites in Islam
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
See Islam and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
House of Saud
The House of Al Saud (ʾĀl Suʿūd) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.
House of Wisdom
The House of Wisdom (بَيْت الْحِكْمَة), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, was believed to be a major Abbasid-era public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad.
Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
Human rights in Muslim-majority countries have been a subject of controversy for many decades.
See Islam and Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
Husayn ibn Ali
Imam Husayn ibn Ali (translit; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a social, political and religious leader.
Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a specific instance of it (hyponym).
See Islam and Hypernymy and hyponymy
I.B. Tauris
I.B. Tauris is an educational publishing house and imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.
Ibadah
Ibadah (عبادة., ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude.
See Islam and Ibadah
Ibadi Islam
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism (al-ʾIbāḍiyya) is a branch inside Islam, which many believe is descended from the Kharijites.
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.
See Islam and Iberian Peninsula
Iblis
Iblis (translit), alternatively known as Eblīs, is the leader of the devils in Islam.
See Islam and Iblis
Ibn al-Haytham
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen;; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.
Ibn Babawayh
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi (Persian: محمد بن علی بن بابَوَیْهِ قمی أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه ٱلْقُمِيّ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ابن بابویه ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه) or al-Shaykh al-Saduq (Persian: شیخ صدوق lit), was a Persian Shia Islamic scholar whose work, entitled Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (مَنْ لَا یَحْضُرُهُ ٱلْفَقِیهُ), forms part of The Four Books of the Shia Hadith collection.
Ibn Kammuna
Sa'd ibn Mansur (Izz Al-dawla) Ibn Kammuna (إبن كمونة سعد إبن منصور, 1215—1284, was a 13th-century Jewish physician and philosopher. His main works include a comparative treatise of the three Abrahamic religions, which includes a well informed critical evaluation of Islam, as well as a commentaries on Ibn Sina and as-Suhrawardi.
Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research
International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation (ISTAC) is a postgraduate institute in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
See Islam and Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb az-Zurʿī d-Dimashqī l-Ḥanbalī (29 January 1292–15 September 1350 CE / 691 AH–751 AH), commonly known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya ("The son of the principal of Jawziyyah") or Ibn al-Qayyim ("Son of the principal"; ابن القيّم) for short, or reverentially as Imam Ibn al-Qayyim in Sunni tradition, was an important medieval Islamic jurisconsult, theologian, and spiritual writer.
See Islam and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya (ٱبْن تَيْمِيَّة; 22 January 1263 – 26 September 1328)Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam.
Iconodulism
Iconodulism (also iconoduly or iconodulia) designates the religious service to icons (kissing and honourable veneration, incense, and candlelight).
Idolatry
Idolatry is the worship of a cult image or "idol" as though it were a deity.
Ihram clothing
Ihram clothing (Ahram clothing) includes men's and women's garments worn by Muslim people while in a state of Iḥrām, during either of the Islamic pilgrimages, Ḥajj and/or ʿUmrah.
Ihsan
Ihsan (إحسان, also romanized ehsan), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic). Ihsan is a matter of taking one's inner faith (iman) and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions.
See Islam and Ihsan
Ijma
Ijma (lit) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law.
See Islam and Ijma
Ijtihad
Ijtihad (اجتهاد) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.
Ilah
(إله; plural: آلهة) is an Arabic term meaning "god".
See Islam and Ilah
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.
Illinois
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
Illuminationism
Illuminationism (Persian حكمت اشراق hekmat-e eshrāq, Arabic: حكمة الإشراق ḥikmat al-ishrāq, both meaning "Wisdom of the Rising Light"), also known as Ishrāqiyyun or simply Ishrāqi (Persian اشراق, Arabic: الإشراق, lit. "Rising", as in "Shining of the Rising Sun") is a philosophical and mystical school of thought introduced by Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (honorific: Shaikh al-ʿIshraq or Shaikh-i-Ishraq, both meaning "Master of Illumination") in the twelfth century, established with his Kitab Hikmat al-Ishraq (lit: "Book of the Wisdom of Illumination"), a fundamental text finished in 1186.
Imam
Imam (إمام,;: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.
See Islam and Imam
Imam Ali Shrine
The Sanctuary of Imām 'Alī (Ḥaram al-ʾImām ʿAlī), also known as the Mosque of 'Alī (Masjid ʿAlī), located in Najaf, Iraq, is a mausoleum which Shia and Sunni Muslims believe contains the tomb of 'Alī ibn Abī Tālib, a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Imam Husayn Shrine
The Imam Husayn Shrine (Maqām al-ʾImām al-Ḥusayn ʾibn ʿAlī) is the mosque and burial site of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Imam of Shia Islam, in the city of Karbala, Iraq.
See Islam and Imam Husayn Shrine
Imam Reza shrine
The Imam Reza shrine (lit), located in Mashhad, Iran, is an Islamic shrine containing the remains of Ali al-Rida, the eighth Imam of Shia Islam.
See Islam and Imam Reza shrine
Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad.
See Islam and Imamate in Shia doctrine
Imamate in Twelver doctrine
Imāmah (إِمَامَة) means "leadership" and is a concept in Twelver theology.
See Islam and Imamate in Twelver doctrine
Iman (Islam)
Iman (ʾīmān,, also 'recognition') in Islamic theology denotes a believer's recognition of faith and deeds in the religious aspects of Islam.
Imperialism
Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).
Incarnation
Incarnation literally means embodied in flesh or taking on flesh.
Index of Islam-related articles
This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories.
See Islam and Index of Islam-related articles
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Islam and Indian subcontinent
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.
See Islam and Indiana University Press
Indianapolis
Indianapolis, colloquially known as Indy, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County.
Infobase
Infobase is an American publisher of databases, reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets.
Inshallah
Inshallah (ʾIn shāʾ Allāh), also spelled In shaa Allah, In sha Allah, Insya Allah, and İn şa Allah, is an Arabic-language expression meaning "if God wills" or "God willing".
Interest
In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate.
International Journal of African Historical Studies
The International Journal of African Historical Studies (IJAHS) publishes peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of African history.
See Islam and International Journal of African Historical Studies
International Journal of Middle East Studies
The International Journal of Middle East Studies is a scholarly journal published by the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA), a learned society.
See Islam and International Journal of Middle East Studies
Introduction to the Science of Hadith
(Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ's) Introduction to the Science of Hadith (Muqaddimah ibn al-Ṣalāḥ fī ‘Ulūm al-Ḥadīth) is a 13th-century book written by `Abd al-Raḥmān ibn `Uthmān al-Shahrazūrī, better known as Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, which describes the Islamic discipline of the science of hadith, its terminology and the principles of biographical evaluation.
See Islam and Introduction to the Science of Hadith
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Islam and Iran
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Islam and Iranian Revolution
ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute
The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute is a research institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.
See Islam and ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute
Ishmael in Islam
Ishmael (ʾIsmāʿīl) is regarded as a prophet and the ancestor to the Ishmaelites in Islam.
See Islam and Ishmael in Islam
Isis (journal)
Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.
Islam by country
Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group.
See Islam and Islam by country
Islam during the Ming dynasty
As the Yuan dynasty ended, many Mongols as well as the Muslims who came with them remained in China.
See Islam and Islam during the Ming dynasty
Islam in Bangladesh
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
See Islam and Islam in Bangladesh
Islam in China
Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.
Islam in Europe
Islam is the second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity.
Islam in India
Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census.
Islam in Indonesia
Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87.06% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on civil registry data in 2023.
See Islam and Islam in Indonesia
Islam in Pakistan
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
See Islam and Islam in Pakistan
Islam in South Asia
Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population.
See Islam and Islam in South Asia
Islam in the Americas
Islam is a minority religion in all of the countries and territories of the Americas, around 1% of North America population are Muslims, and 0.1% of Latin America and Caribbean population are Muslims.
See Islam and Islam in the Americas
Islam in the United Kingdom
Islam is the second-largest religion in the United Kingdom, with results from the 2021 Census recording just under four million Muslims, or 6.5% of the total population in the United Kingdom.
See Islam and Islam in the United Kingdom
Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam.
See Islam and Islamic architecture
Islamic art
Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE by people who lived within territories inhabited or ruled by Muslim populations.
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking, Islamic finance (مصرفية إسلامية masrifiyya 'islamia), or Sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with Sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics.
See Islam and Islamic banking and finance
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
See Islam and Islamic calendar
Islamic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it.
See Islam and Islamic calligraphy
Islamic clothing
Islamic clothing is clothing that is interpreted as being in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
See Islam and Islamic clothing
Islamic culture
Islamic culture or Muslim culture refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the Muslim world.
Islamic economics
Islamic economics (الاقتصاد الإسلامي) refers to the knowledge of economics or economic activities and processes in terms of Islamic principles and teachings.
See Islam and Islamic economics
Islamic eschatology
Islamic eschatology (عِلْمآخر الزمان في الإسلام) is a field of study in Islam concerning future events that would happen in the end times.
See Islam and Islamic eschatology
Islamic funeral
Funerals and funeral prayers in Islam (Janāzah) follow fairly specific rites, though they are subject to regional interpretation and variation in custom.
Islamic Golden Age
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.
See Islam and Islamic Golden Age
Islamic holidays
There are two main holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
See Islam and Islamic holidays
Islamic holy books
Islamic holy books are certain religious scriptures that are viewed by Muslims as having valid divine significance, in that they were authored by God (Allah) through a variety of prophets and messengers, including those who predate the Quran.
See Islam and Islamic holy books
Islamic missionary activity
Islamic missionary work or dawah means to "invite" (in Arabic, literally "invitation") to Islam.
See Islam and Islamic missionary activity
Islamic modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge," attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values percieved as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.
See Islam and Islamic modernism
Islamic mythology
Islamic mythology is the body of myths associated with Islam and the Quran.
See Islam and Islamic mythology
Islamic philosophy
Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition.
See Islam and Islamic philosophy
Islamic pottery
Islamic pottery occupied a geographical position between Chinese ceramics, and the pottery of the Byzantine Empire and Europe.
Islamic revival
Islamic revival (تجديد, lit., "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion, usually centered around enforcing sharia.
Islamic schools and branches
Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam.
See Islam and Islamic schools and branches
Islamic state
An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.
Islamic studies
Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, which is analogous to related fields such as Jewish studies and Quranic studies.
Islamic Texts Society
The Islamic Texts Society (ITS) is a peer-reviewed, British publishing house which concentrates on academic and general titles on Islam.
See Islam and Islamic Texts Society
Islamic view of death
Death in Islam is the termination of worldly life and the beginning of afterlife.
See Islam and Islamic view of death
Islamic view of miracles
A number of terms are used in Islam to refer to the claims of events happening that are not explicable by natural or scientific laws, subjects where people sometimes invoke the supernatural.
See Islam and Islamic view of miracles
Islamic views on sin
Sin is an important concept in Islamic ethics that Muslims view as being anything that goes against the commands of God or breaching the laws and norms laid down by religion.
See Islam and Islamic views on sin
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Isma'ilism
Isma'ilism (translit) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam.
Isra' and Mi'raj
The Israʾ and Miʿraj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a Night Journey that Muslims believe the Islamic prophet Muhammad (AD 570–632) took during a single night around the year AD 621 (1 BH – 0 BH).
See Islam and Isra' and Mi'raj
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (translit; –765 CE) was a Shia Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian, and the sixth imam of the Twelver and Isma'ili branches of Shia Islam.
Ja'fari school
The Jaʿfarī school, also known as the Jafarite school, Jaʿfarī fiqh (الفقه الجعفري) or Ja'fari jurisprudence, is a prominent school of jurisprudence (fiqh) within Twelver and Ismaili (including Nizari) Shia Islam, named after the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq.
Jabal al-Nour
Jabal al-Nour (lit or 'Hill of the Illumination') is a mountain near Mecca in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia.
Jahannam
In Islam, Jahannam is the place of punishment for unbelievers and evildoers in the afterlife, or hell.
Jamaat-e-Islami
Jamaat-e-Islami (جماعتِ اسلامی) is an Islamist fundamentalist movement founded in 1941 in British India by the Islamist author, theorist, and socio-political philosopher, Syed Abul Ala Maududi, who was inspired by the Muslim Brotherhood.
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (Pashto/سید جمالالدین افغانی), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī (سید جمالالدین اسدآبادی) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century.
See Islam and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Jami Sahih
Jami Sahih is, along with Tartib al-Musnad, the most important hadith collection for Ibadis.
Jamshid al-Kashi
Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Masʿūd al-Kāshī (or al-Kāshānī) (غیاث الدین جمشید کاشانی Ghiyās-ud-dīn Jamshīd Kāshānī) (c. 1380 Kashan, Iran – 22 June 1429 Samarkand, Transoxania) was an astronomer and mathematician during the reign of Tamerlane.
See Islam and Jamshid al-Kashi
Jannah
In Islam, Jannah (janna, pl. جَنّٰت jannāt) is the final abode of the righteous.
See Islam and Jannah
Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia.
See Islam and Java
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam
Ahmadiyya Islam considers Jesus (ʿĪsā) as a mortal man, entirely human, and a prophet of God born to the Virgin Mary (Maryam).
See Islam and Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam
Jesus in Islam
In Islam, Jesus (translit) is believed to be the penultimate prophet and messenger of God and the Messiah sent to guide the Children of Israel with a book called the (Evangel or Gospel).
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Islam and Jews
Jihad
Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.
See Islam and Jihad
Jizya
Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.
See Islam and Jizya
John Burton-Page
John Garrard Burton-Page (19 December 1921 – 2005) was a British orientalist, Lecturer in the Art and Architecture of India at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).
See Islam and John Burton-Page
Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
See Islam and Johns Hopkins University Press
Journal of Law and Religion
The Journal of Law and Religion (JLR) is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal edited by the Center for the Study of Law and Religion (Emory University School of Law) and published in collaboration with Cambridge University Press.
See Islam and Journal of Law and Religion
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
The Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering scholarly studies on Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, East Timor, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam).
See Islam and Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Journal of the American Academy of Religion
The Journal of the American Academy of Religion, formerly the Journal of Bible and Religion, is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion (AAR).
See Islam and Journal of the American Academy of Religion
Journal of the American Oriental Society
The Journal of the American Oriental Society is a quarterly academic journal published by the American Oriental Society since 1843.
See Islam and Journal of the American Oriental Society
Judgement Day in Islam
In Islam, "the promise and threat" of Judgement Day (Day of Resurrection or Day of Judgement), is when "all bodies will be resurrected" from the dead, and "all people" are "called to account" for their deeds and their faith during their life on Earth.
See Islam and Judgement Day in Islam
Junayd of Baghdad
Junayd of Baghdad (الجنيد البغدادي) was a Persian mystic and one of the most famous of the early Islamic saints.
See Islam and Junayd of Baghdad
Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi,; AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democratic.
See Islam and Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
Kaaba
The Kaaba, sometimes referred to as al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
See Islam and Kaaba
Kalam
Ilm al-kalam or ilm al-lahut, often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or philosophical study of Islamic theology (aqida).
See Islam and Kalam
Kaplan, Inc.
Kaplan, Inc. is an international educational services company that provides educational and training services to colleges, universities, businesses and individuals around the world.
Karbala
Karbala or Kerbala (Karbalāʾ) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.
Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, 554 – November 619) was the first wife and the first follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Islam and Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Khamr
Khamr (خمر) is an Arabic word for wine or intoxicant.
See Islam and Khamr
Kharijites
The Kharijites (translit, singular) were an Islamic sect which emerged during the First Fitna (656–661).
Khitan (circumcision)
Khitan (ختان) or Khatna (ختنة) is the Arabic term for circumcision, and the Islamic term for the practice of religious male circumcision in Islamic culture.
See Islam and Khitan (circumcision)
Khmer Rouge
The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម) is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
Kurdistan
Kurdistan (lit), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based.
Kutub al-Sittah
(), also known as (lit) are the six canonical hadith collections of Sunni Islam.
Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, (احمدیہ انجمنِ اشاعتِ اسلاملاہور|translit.
See Islam and Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.
See Islam and Lanham, Maryland
Last Judgment
The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (translit or label) is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.
Latin American Muslims
Latin American Muslims are Muslims from countries in Latin America.
See Islam and Latin American Muslims
Law and Social Inquiry
Law and Social Inquiry is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Bar Foundation.
See Islam and Law and Social Inquiry
Legal status
Legal status is the status or position held by an entity as determined by the law.
Leiden
Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.
See Islam and Leiden
Lexico
Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Islam and Lexico
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of progressive thought about Islamic understanding and practice.
See Islam and Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Libya Herald
The Libya Herald (ليبيا هيرلد) is an English-language newspaper based in Tripoli, Libya, launched on 17 February 2012.
List of chapters in the Quran
The Quran is divided into Surahs (chapters) and further divided into Ayahs (verses).
See Islam and List of chapters in the Quran
List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world
This is a list of Christian scientists and scholars from the Muslim world and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived during medieval Islam up until the beginning of the modern age.
See Islam and List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world
List of contemporary ethnic groups
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.
See Islam and List of contemporary ethnic groups
List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
The following is a list of inventions, discoveries and scientific advancements made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the Islamic Golden Age,George Saliba (1994), A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam, pp.
See Islam and List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
List of mosques in Indonesia
This is a list of mosques in Indonesia.
See Islam and List of mosques in Indonesia
List of Muslim states and dynasties
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.
See Islam and List of Muslim states and dynasties
List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars
The following is a list of Persian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.
See Islam and List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars
List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
See Islam and List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases (synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based on the solar year.
M. E. Sharpe
M.
Ma Wanfu
Ma Wanfu (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ وًا ﻓُﻮْ; 1849–1934), also known as Hajji Guoyuan (果园哈只), was a Dongxiang Imam of Guoyuan village (果园村) in Hezhou (present day Dongxiang Autonomous County in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province).
Macmillan Publishers
Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).
See Islam and Macmillan Publishers
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence.
Maghreb
The Maghreb (lit), also known as the Arab Maghreb (اَلْمَغْرِبُ الْعَرَبِيُّ) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world.
Mahdi
The Mahdi (lit) is a figure in Islamic eschatology who is believed to appear at the End of Times to rid the world of evil and injustice.
See Islam and Mahdi
Mahr
In Islam, a mahr (in مهر; مهريه; mehir; mahari; mahar; also transliterated mehr, meher, mehrieh, or mahriyeh) is the bride wealth obligation, in the form of money, possessions or teaching of verses from the Quran by the groom, to the bride at the time of the Islamic Wedding (payment also has circumstances on when and how to pay).
See Islam and Mahr
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
Major religious groups
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice.
See Islam and Major religious groups
Makruh
In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh or makrooh (مكروه, transliterated: makrooh or makrūh) is "disliked", literally "detestable" or "abominable".
See Islam and Makruh
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.
See Islam and Mali
Malik ibn Anas
Malik ibn Anas (translit; –795) was an Islamic scholar and traditionalist who is the eponym of the Maliki school, one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)) that have crystallized under the influence of heat and pressure.
See Islam and Marble
Marriage in Islam
In Islam, nikah (translit) is a contract exclusively between a man and woman.
See Islam and Marriage in Islam
Mashhad
Mashhad (مشهد) is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran.
Masjid al-Haram
Masjid al-Haram (ٱَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلْحَرَام|translit.
Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world
Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta).
See Islam and Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world
Maturidism
Maturidism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.
Mawla
Mawlā (مَوْلَى, plural mawālī مَوَالِي), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.
See Islam and Mawla
Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mawlawi (translit), rendered in English as Molvi, is an Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh.
See Islam and Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mazalim
Al-Maẓālim (injustices, grievances) were an ancient pre-Islamic institution that was adopted by the Abbasid Caliphate in the eighth century CE.
Meaning of life
The meaning of life pertains to the inherent significance or philosophical meaning of living (or existence in general).
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus.
Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
See Islam and Mecca
Mecca Province
The Mecca Province (translit), officially Makkah Province, is one of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia.
Mecelle
The Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye (مجلۀ احكامعدلیە), or the Mecelle in short, was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Medical research
Medical research (or biomedical research), also known as health research, refers to the process of using scientific methods with the aim to produce knowledge about human diseases, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the promotion of health.
See Islam and Medical research
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" Also known as "Arabian medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.
See Islam and Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Christian views on Muhammad
In contrast to the views of Muhammad in Islam, the Christian views on him stayed highly negative during the Middle Ages for over a millennium.
See Islam and Medieval Christian views on Muhammad
Medina
Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.
See Islam and Medina
Mehdi Aminrazavi
Mehdi Aminrazavi (born September 22, 1957) is an Iranian scholar of philosophy and mysticism.
See Islam and Mehdi Aminrazavi
Menara Kudus Mosque
The Menara Kudus Mosque (Masjid Menara Kudus) or Al-Aqsha Mosque is located in Kudus in the Indonesian province of Central Java.
See Islam and Menara Kudus Mosque
Messiah
In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.
Mevlevi Order
The Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya (Mevlevilik; طریقت مولویه) is a Sufi order that originated in Konya, Turkey (formerly capital of the Sultanate of Rum) and which was founded by the followers of Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet, Sufi mystic, and theologian.
Michael (archangel)
Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baha'i faith.
See Islam and Michael (archangel)
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Mihna
The Mihna (lit) (also known as the first Muslim inquisition) was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 CE in which religious scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Muʿtazila doctrine.
See Islam and Mihna
Millennialism
Millennialism or chiliasm (from the Greek equivalent) is a belief which is held by some religious denominations.
Minaret
A minaret (translit, or translit; minare; translit) is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques.
Minister (Christianity)
In Christianity, a minister is a person authorised by a church or other religious organization to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.
See Islam and Minister (Christianity)
Minou Reeves
Minou Reeves (مینو صمیمی)(b. 1946) is an Iranian writer, translator, and former politician.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (13 February 1835 – 26 May 1908) was an Indian religious leader and the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam.
See Islam and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mishari bin Rashid Alafasy
Qari Mishary bin Rashid Alafasy (مشاري بن راشد العفاسي) is a Kuwaiti qāriʾ (reciter of the Quran), imam, preacher, and nasheed artist.
See Islam and Mishari bin Rashid Alafasy
Mobilization
Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war.
Modern Asian Studies
Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press.
See Islam and Modern Asian Studies
Mohammedan
Mohammedan (also spelled Muhammadan, Mahommedan, Mahomedan or Mahometan) is a term for a follower of Muhammad, the Islamic prophet.
Mongol invasions and conquests
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia.
See Islam and Mongol invasions and conquests
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek label and label), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing.
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Moses in Islam
Mūsā ibn ʿImrān (موسى ابن عمران) is a prominent prophet and messenger of God and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with his name being mentioned 136 times and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.
Moshe Sharon
Moshe Sharon (משה שָׁרוֹן; born December 18, 1937) is an Israeli historian of Islam.
Mosque
A mosque, also called a masjid, is a place of worship for Muslims.
See Islam and Mosque
Mosque City of Bagerhat
The Mosque City of Bagerhat (translit; historically known as Khalifatabad) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bagerhat District, Bangladesh.
See Islam and Mosque City of Bagerhat
Mount Arafat
Mount Arafat (translit, or label) is a granodiorite hill about southeast of Mecca, in the province of the same name in Saudi Arabia.
MSNBC
MSNBC (short for Microsoft NBC) is an American news-based television channel and website headquartered in New York City.
See Islam and MSNBC
Mu'amalat
Muamalat (also muʿāmalāt, معاملات., literally "transactions"TBE, "CHAPTER A1, INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC MUAMALAT", 2012: p.6 or "dealings") is a part of Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh.
Mu'awiya I
Mu'awiya I (Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.
Mu'tazilism
Mu'tazilism (translit, singular translit) was an Islamic sect that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad.
Mubah
Mubāḥ (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word roughly meaning "permitted", which has technical uses in Islamic law.
See Islam and Mubah
Muezzin
The muezzin (مُؤَذِّن) is the person who proclaims the call to the daily prayer (ṣalāt) five times a day (Fajr prayer, Zuhr prayer, Asr prayer, Maghrib prayer and Isha prayer) at a mosque from the minaret.
Mufti
A mufti (مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Islamic law (sharia).
See Islam and Mufti
Mughal dynasty
The Mughal dynasty (دودمان مغل) was a dynasty which comprised the members of the imperial House of Babur (خاندانِ آلِ بابُر), also known as the Gurkanis (گورکانیان), who ruled the Mughal Empire from to 1857.
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Muhaddith
A Muhaddith (محدث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad.
Muhajirun
The Muhajirun (al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Muhammad Abduh
Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt.
Muhammad Ahmad
Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Fahal (محمد أحمد بن عبد الله بن فحل; 12 August 1843 – 21 June 1885) was a Sudanese religious and political leader.
Muhammad al-Bukhari
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī al-Bukhārī (21 July 810 – 1 September 870) was a 9th-century Muslim muhaddith who is widely regarded as the most important hadith scholar in the history of Sunni Islam.
See Islam and Muhammad al-Bukhari
Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdi (translit) is believed by the Twelver Shia and Sunni Naqshbandiyya to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justice and redeem Islam.
See Islam and Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān al-Tamīmī (2; 1703–1792) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, religious leader, jurist, and reformer from Najd in central Arabia, considered as the eponymous founder of the so-called Wahhabi movement.
See Islam and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kulaynī ar-Rāzī (محمد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق کلینی رازی; أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يَعْقُوب ٱبْن إِسْحَاق ٱلْكُلَيْنِيّ ٱلرَّازِيّ; c. 250 AH/864 CE – 329 AH/941 CE) was a Persian Shia hadith collector.
See Islam and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Muhammad in Islam
In Islam, Muḥammad (مُحَمَّد) is venerated as the Seal of the Prophets and earthly manifestation of primordial divine light (Nūr), who transmitted the eternal word of God (Qur'ān) from the angel Gabriel (Jabrāʾīl) to humans and jinn.
See Islam and Muhammad in Islam
Muhammad in Mecca
Muhammad, the final Islamic prophet, was born and lived in Mecca for the first 53 years of his life (c. 570–622 CE) until the Hijra.
See Islam and Muhammad in Mecca
Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi
Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi (1881–1920) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar who argued against the authenticity of hadith.
See Islam and Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi
Muhammad's first revelation
Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islamic tradition as taking place in 610 CE, during which the Islamic Prophet Muhammad was visited by the angel Jibril (Gabriel), who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Qur'an.
See Islam and Muhammad's first revelation
Mullah
Mullah is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders.
See Islam and Mullah
Multiculturalism
The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use.
See Islam and Multiculturalism
Murji'ah
Murji'ah (المرجئة, English: "Those Who Postpone"), also known as Murji'as or Murji'ites (singular Murji'), were an early Islamic sect.
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون) is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.
See Islam and Muslim Brotherhood
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلمبن الحجاج بن مسلمبن وَرْد القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 – 261 AH), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was an Islamic scholar from the city of Nishapur, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith).
See Islam and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent
Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad Caliphate under the military command of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim.
See Islam and Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent
Muslim population growth
Between 2015 and 2060, Muslim population is projected to increase by 70%.
See Islam and Muslim population growth
Muslim world
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Mustahabb
Mustahabb is an Islamic term referring to an action or thing that is recommended and favoured.
Muwatta Imam Malik
The Muwaṭṭaʾ (الموطأ, "well-trodden path") or Muwatta Imam Malik (موطأ الإماممالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas.
See Islam and Muwatta Imam Malik
Mysticism
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning.
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; 6 August 1698 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion.
Najaf
Najaf or An-Najaf or Al-Najaf (ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf (ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), is the capital city of Najaf Governorate in central Iraq about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad.
See Islam and Najaf
Names of God in Islam
Names of God in Islam (أَسْمَاءُ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ, "Allah's Beautiful Names") are names attributed to God in Islam by Muslims.
See Islam and Names of God in Islam
Nanjing
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (1201 – 1274), also known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (نصیر الدین الطوسی; نصیر الدین طوسی) or simply as (al-)Tusi, was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.
See Islam and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Nūr (Islam)
Nūr (النور) is a term in Islamic context referring to the "cold light of the night" or "heatless light" i.e. the light of the moon.
Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion.
New York University Press
New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.
See Islam and New York University Press
Nezamiyeh
The Nezamiyeh (نظامیه) or Nizamiyyah (النظامیة) are a group of institutions of higher education established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in Iran.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
See Islam and Nicolaus Copernicus
Niger
Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.
See Islam and Niger
Night of Power
The Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr; also rendered as the Night of Destiny, Night of Decree, Night of Determination, or the Precious Night), is, in Islamic belief, the night when Muslims believe the Quran was first sent down from heaven to the world, and also the night when its first verses were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad; it is described as better than a thousand months of worshipping.
Nile Green
Nile Green is a historian who specializes in Islamic history of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, including that of the wider Persianate world.
Nizari Isma'ilism
Nizari Isma'ilism (translit) are the largest segment of the Ismaili Muslims, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers.
See Islam and Nizari Isma'ilism
Noah in Islam
Noah, also known as Nuh (Nūḥ), is recognized in Islam as a prophet and messenger of God.
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
Nova Science Publishers
Nova Science Publishers is an academic publisher of books, encyclopedias, handbooks, e-books and journals, based in Hauppauge, New York.
See Islam and Nova Science Publishers
Numerology
Numerology (known before the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and one or more coinciding events.
Nur movement
Nurculuk is a Sunni movement that was founded in Turkey in the early 20th century and based on the writings of Said Nursi (1877–1960).
Oath
Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āþ, also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity.
See Islam and Oath
Occultation (Islam)
Occultation (غَيْبَة) in Shia Islam refers to the eschatological belief that the Mahdi, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, has already been born and he was subsequently concealed, but he will reemerge and he will establish justice and peace on earth at the end of time.
See Islam and Occultation (Islam)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
See Islam and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Ogg
Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.
See Islam and Ogg
Oman
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.
See Islam and Oman
Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market.
See Islam and Oneworld Publications
Open Court Publishing Company
The Open Court Publishing Company is a publisher with offices in Chicago and LaSalle, Illinois.
See Islam and Open Court Publishing Company
Optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
See Islam and Optics
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
See Islam and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Ottoman Caliphate
The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire (office of the caliphate) was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era.
See Islam and Ottoman Caliphate
Ottoman dynasty
The Ottoman dynasty (Osmanlı Hanedanı) consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Osmanlılar).
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Outline of Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is His last Messenger.
See Islam and Outline of Islam
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
See Islam and Oxford
Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions is a reference work edited by John Bowker and published by Oxford University Press in the year 1997.
See Islam and Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Islam and Oxford University Press
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (al-wiḥda al-ʿarabīyyah) is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world.
Pan-Islamism
Pan-Islamism (الوحدة الإسلامية) is a political movement which advocates the unity of Muslims under one Islamic country or state – often a caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.
Panentheism
Panentheism ("all in God", from the Greek label, label and label) is the belief that the divine intersects every part of the universe and also extends beyond space and time.
Participle
In linguistics, a participle (abbr.) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives.
Pax Mongolica
The Pax Mongolica (Latin for "Mongol Peace"), less often known as Pax Tatarica ("Tatar Peace"), is a historiographical term modeled after the original phrase Pax Romana which describes the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.
PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.
See Islam and PBS
Persecution of Ahmadis
The Ahmadiyya branch of Islam has been subjected to various forms of religious persecution and discrimination since the movement's inception in 1889.
See Islam and Persecution of Ahmadis
Persecution of Muslims by Meccans
When the Islamic prophet Muhammad initially spread Islam in his hometown, Mecca, he did not meet with any significant opposition from his tribesmen, the Quraysh.
See Islam and Persecution of Muslims by Meccans
Personal development
Personal development or self-improvement consists of activities that develop a person's capabilities and potential, build human capital, facilitate employability, enhance quality of life, and facilitate the realization of dreams and aspirations.
See Islam and Personal development
Peter Owen Publishers
Peter Owen Publishers was founded in 1951 as a family-run independent publisher based in London, England.
See Islam and Peter Owen Publishers
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Islam and Pew Research Center
Physics in the medieval Islamic world
The natural sciences saw various advancements during the Golden Age of Islam (from roughly the mid 8th to the mid 13th centuries), adding a number of innovations to the Transmission of the Classics (such as Aristotle, Ptolemy, Euclid, Neoplatonism).
See Islam and Physics in the medieval Islamic world
Pi
The number (spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159.
See Islam and Pi
Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place, which can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.
Place of worship
A place of worship is a specially designed structure or space where individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study.
See Islam and Place of worship
Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated as pl., pl, or), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.
See Islam and Plural
Po-i-Kalyan
Po-i-Kalan, or Poi Kalan (Poi Kalon; پای کلان|Pā-i Kalān), is an Islamic religious complex located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
Political Islam
Political Islam is any interpretation of Islam as a source of political identity and action.
Political quietism in Islam
In the context of political aspects of the religion of Islam, political quietism has been used to refer to the religiously-motivated withdrawal from political affairs or skepticism that mere mortals can establish a true Islamic government.
See Islam and Political quietism in Islam
Polity
A polity is a group of people with a collective identity, who are organized by some form of political institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to mobilize resources.
See Islam and Polity
Polyandry
Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.
Polygyny
Polygyny is a form of polygamy entailing the marriage of a man to several women.
Polytheism
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god.
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate-rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass.
See Islam and Porphyry (geology)
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia, referring to the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad's first revelation in 610 CE, is referred to in Islam in the context of, highlighting the prevalence of paganism throughout the region at the time.
See Islam and Pre-Islamic Arabia
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Islam and Princeton University Press
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (translit) are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (sharia).
See Islam and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Program (machine)
A program is a set of instructions used to control the behavior of a machine.
See Islam and Program (machine)
Prophet's Mosque
The Prophet's Mosque (ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي|translit.
See Islam and Prophet's Mosque
Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)
In Ahmadiyya theology, the view on the Prophets of God differs significantly from Mainstream Islam.
See Islam and Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)
Prophets and messengers in Islam
Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour.
See Islam and Prophets and messengers in Islam
Psalms
The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים|Tehillīm|praises; Psalmós; Liber Psalmorum; Zabūr), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called ("Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament.
See Islam and Psalms
Public hospital
A public hospital, or government hospital, is a hospital which is government owned and is fully funded by the government and operates solely off the money that is collected from taxpayers to fund healthcare initiatives.
Punjab
Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
See Islam and Punjab
Punjabi Muslims
Punjabi Muslims are Punjabis who are adherents of Islam.
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.
Qadi
A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works.
See Islam and Qadi
Qadian
Qadian is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, north-east of Amritsar, situated north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India.
See Islam and Qadian
Qarmatians
The Qarmatians (Qarāmiṭa) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist—state in 899 CE.
Qibla
The qibla (lit) is the direction towards the Kaaba in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca, which is used by Muslims in various religious contexts, particularly the direction of prayer for the salah.
See Islam and Qibla
Qisas al-Anbiya
The Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (قصص الأنبياء) or Stories of the Prophets is any of various collections of stories about figures recognised as prophets and messengers in Islam, closely related to tafsir (exegesis of the Qur'an).
Qiyas
In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (قياس) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction.
See Islam and Qiyas
Qom
Qom (قم) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.
See Islam and Qom
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
See Islam and Quran
Quran code
The term Quran code (also known as Code 19) refers to the claim that the Quranic text contains a hidden mathematically complex code.
Quranic createdness
In Islamic theology, Quranic createdness is the doctrinal position that the Quran was created, rather than having always existed and thus being "uncreated".
See Islam and Quranic createdness
Quranism
Quranism (translit) is an Islamic movement that holds the belief that the Quran is the only valid source of religious belief, guidance, and law in Islam.
Raising hands in dua
In Islam, Raising hands in Dua (رفع اليدين في الدعاء) is the action of using hands to invoke Allah in dua.
See Islam and Raising hands in dua
Rak'a
A Rak'a (ركعة, lit. "bow"; plural: ركعات) is a single iteration of prescribed movements and supplications performed by Muslims as part of the prescribed obligatory prayer known as salah.
See Islam and Rak'a
Ramadan
Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.
Random House
Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.
Rashad Khalifa
Rashad Khalifa (رشاد خليفة; November 19, 1935 – January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-American biochemist, closely associated with the United Submitters International (USI), an organization which promotes the practice and study of Quranism.
Rashid Rida
Muhammad Rashid Rida (translit; 1865–1935) was an Islamic scholar, reformer, theologian and revivalist.
Rashidun
The Rashidun (lit) are the first four caliphs (lit.: 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Islam and Rashidun Caliphate
Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for "reconquest") or the reconquest of al-Andalus was the successful series of military campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate.
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism.
See Islam and Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religious law
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions.
Religious offense
Religious offenses are actions that are considered to violate religious sensibilities and arouse negative emotions in people with strong religious beliefs.
See Islam and Religious offense
Religious views on smoking
Religious views on smoking vary widely.
See Islam and Religious views on smoking
Revelation
In religion and theology, revelation (or divine revelation) is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities.
Riba
Riba (ربا,الربا، الربٰوة, or) is an Arabic word used in Islamic law and roughly translated as "usury": unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business.
See Islam and Riba
Ridda Wars
The Ridda Wars (lit) were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes, some of which were led by rival prophet claimants.
Ritual purity in Islam
Purity (طهارة, ṭahāra(h)) is an essential aspect of Islam.
See Islam and Ritual purity in Islam
Rohingya genocide
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar.
See Islam and Rohingya genocide
Rohingya people
The Rohingya people (Rohingya) are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar.
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Islam and Rowman & Littlefield
Ruku
Rukūʿ (رُكوع) is the act of belt-low bowing in standardized prayers, where the backbone should be at rest.
See Islam and Ruku
Ruling class
In sociology, the ruling class of a society is the social class who set and decide the political and economic agenda of society.
Rumi
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلالالدین محمّد رومی), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi faqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturidi theologian (mutakallim), and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.
See Islam and Rumi
Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi
Sayyid Sa‘eed Akhtar Rizvi (سيد سعيد اختر رضوي) (1927–2002) was an Indian born, Twelver Shī‘ah scholar, who promoted Islam in East Africa.
See Islam and Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi
Saadi Shirazi
Saadi Shīrāzī, better known by his pen name Saadi (help), also known as Sadi of Shiraz (سعدی شیرازی, Saʿdī Shīrāzī; born 1210; died 1291 or 1292), was a Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period.
Sabians
The Sabians, sometimes also spelled Sabaeans or Sabeans, are a mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran (as الصابئون, in later sources الصابئة), where it is implied that they belonged to the 'People of the Book'. Islam and Sabians are Abrahamic religions.
Sadaqah
(صدقة, "charity", "benevolence", plural صدقات) in the modern Islamic context has come to signify "voluntary charity".
Safa and Marwa
Safa and Marwa (ٱلصَّفَا وَٱلْمَرْوَة|Aṣ-Ṣafā wal-Marwah) are two small hills, connected to the larger Abu Qubais and Qaiqan mountains, respectively, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, now made part of Al-Masjid al-Haram.
Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Following their rise to power in Iran in the 16th century, the Safavid dynasty initiated a campaign of forced conversion against the Iranian populace, seeking to create a new demographic environment in which Shia Islam would replace Sunni Islam as the nation's religious majority.
See Islam and Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.
Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
Sahih al-Bukhari
(translit) is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Islam.
See Islam and Sahih al-Bukhari
Sailaifengye
Sailaifengye or Salafiyah refers to the Chinese Salafi Movement.
Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious movement during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic world for over a century.
Salafi–Sufi relations
Salafi–Sufi relations refer to the religious, social and political relations between Salafis and Sufis, who represent two major scholarly movements which have been influential within Sunni Muslim societies.
See Islam and Salafi–Sufi relations
Salah
Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam.
See Islam and Salah
San Diego State University
San Diego State University (SDSU) is a public research university in San Diego, California.
See Islam and San Diego State University
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
Sīrah
Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.
See Islam and Sīrah
Schism
A schism (or, less commonly) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination.
See Islam and Schism
Scholasticism
Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.
School of Isfahan
The Isfahan School is a school of Islamic philosophy.
See Islam and School of Isfahan
Schools of Islamic theology
Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding creed.
See Islam and Schools of Islamic theology
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in Persia and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258.
See Islam and Science in the medieval Islamic world
Scientific method
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.
See Islam and Scientific method
Seal of the Prophets
Seal of the Prophets (translit; or translit), is a title used in the Qur'an and by Muslims to designate the Islamic prophet Muhammad as the last of the prophets sent by God.
See Islam and Seal of the Prophets
Season
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region.
See Islam and Season
Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is the Christian belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth after his ascension to Heaven (which is said to have occurred about two thousand years ago).
Second Fitna
The Second Fitna was a period of general political and military disorder and civil war in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad Caliphate.
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
Semu
Semu is the name of a caste established by the Yuan dynasty.
See Islam and Semu
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.
Senusiyya
The Senusiyya, Senussi or Sanusi (translit) are a Muslim political-religious Sufi order and clan in Libya and surrounding regions founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Sanussi (السنوسي الكبير as-Sanūssiyy al-Kabīr), the Algerian Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi.
Shafi'i school
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
Qutb ud-Din Ahmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Rahim al-ʿUmari ad-Dehlawi (Quṭb ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Raḥīm al-ʿUmarī ad-Dehlawī‎; 1703–1762), commonly known as Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (also Shah Wali Allah), was an Islamic Sunni scholar and Sufi of the Naqshbandi order, who is seen by his followers as a renewer.
See Islam and Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
Shahada
The Shahada (الشَّهَادَةُ;, 'the testimony'), also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the Adhan.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
See Islam and Sharia
Sharifian Caliphate
The Sharifian Caliphate (lit) was a caliphate proclaimed by the Sharifian leaders of the Hejaz in 1924, replacing the Ottoman Caliphate, which was abolished by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
See Islam and Sharifian Caliphate
Shawwal
Shawwal (translit) is the tenth month of the Islamic calendar.
Sheikh
Sheikh (shaykh,, شُيُوخ, shuyūkh) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder".
See Islam and Sheikh
Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir
‘Adī ibn Musāfir (translit, الشيخ عدي بن مسافر born 1072–1078, died 1162) was a Sunni Muslim Arab sheikh who is also considered a Yazidi saint.
See Islam and Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir
Shi'a Century
The Shi'a Century or Shi'ite Century is a historiographical term sometimes used to describe the period between 945 and 1055, when Shi'a Muslim regimes, most notably the Fatimids and the Buyids, held sway over the central lands of the Islamic world.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Shia–Sunni relations
After the death of Muhammad in 632, a group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Sunnis, believed that Muhammad's successor as caliph of the Islamic community should be Abu Bakr, whereas a second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shias, believed that his successor should have been Ali ibn Abi Talib.
See Islam and Shia–Sunni relations
Shiraz
Shiraz (شیراز) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars and Persis.
See Islam and Shiraz
Shirk (Islam)
Shirk (lit) in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or 'polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association '. It refers to accepting other divinities or powers alongside God as associates.
Siege of Mecca (692)
The siege of Mecca occurred at the end of the Second Fitna in 692 when the forces of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan besieged and defeated his rival, the caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in his center of power, the Islamic holy city of Mecca.
See Islam and Siege of Mecca (692)
Sikhism
Sikhism, also known as Sikhi (ਸਿੱਖੀ,, from translit), is a monotheistic religion and philosophy, that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE. Islam and Sikhism are monotheistic religions.
Sindh
Sindh (سِنْدھ,; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind) is a province of Pakistan.
See Islam and Sindh
Sixty Dome Mosque
The Sixty Dome Mosque, is a mosque in Bagerhat, Bangladesh.
See Islam and Sixty Dome Mosque
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.
Society for Asian Music
The Society for Asian Music is an academic society founded in 1959.
See Islam and Society for Asian Music
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.
Soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.
See Islam and Soul
Sources of Sharia
Various sources of Islamic Laws are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elaborate the body of Islamic law.
See Islam and Sources of Sharia
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos.
See Islam and Southeast Europe
Spread of Islam
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years.
Springer Nature
Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education.
Springer Publishing
Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology).
See Islam and Springer Publishing
Standpoint (magazine)
Standpoint was a British cultural and political magazine, originally published monthly, that debuted in June 2008.
See Islam and Standpoint (magazine)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.
See Islam and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Stoning of the Devil
The Stoning of the Devil (رمي الجمرات, "throwing of the ") is part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia.
See Islam and Stoning of the Devil
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
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Succession to Muhammad
The issue of succession following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad is the central issue in the schisms that divided the early Muslim community in the first century of Islamic history into numerous schools and branches.
See Islam and Succession to Muhammad
Sufism
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.
See Islam and Sufism
Sujud
Sujūd (سُجود), or sajdah (سجدة), also known as sijda, sejda or shejda is the act of low bowing or prostration to God facing the ''qiblah'' (direction of the Kaaba at Mecca).
See Islam and Sujud
Sunnah
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.
See Islam and Sunnah
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Sunni Revival
The Sunni Revival was a period in Islamic history marked by the revival of the political fortunes of Sunni Islam, a renewed interest in Sunni law and theology and the spread of new styles in art and architecture.
SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.
Supererogation
Supererogation (Late Latin: supererogatio "payment beyond what is needed or asked", from super "beyond" and erogare "to pay out, expend", itself from ex "out" and rogare "to ask") is the performance of more than is asked for; the action of doing more than duty requires.
Supernatural
Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.
Surah
A surah (translit; label) is an Arabic word meaning 'chapter' in the Quran.
See Islam and Surah
Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), also spelled Sayyid Ahmad Khan, was a South Asian Muslim reformer, philosopher, and educationist in nineteenth-century British India.
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
Syncretism
Syncretism is the practice of combining different beliefs and various schools of thought.
Syracuse University Press
Syracuse University Press, founded in 1943, is a university press that is part of Syracuse University.
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse is a city in, and the county seat of, Onondaga County, New York, United States.
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Tafsir
Tafsir (tafsīr; Explanation) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran.
See Islam and Tafsir
Tafsir al-Tabari
Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (also written with fī in place of ʿan), popularly Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī (تفسير الطبري), is a Sunni tafsir by the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923).
See Islam and Tafsir al-Tabari
Tahrif
(تحريف) is a term used by most Muslims to refer to believed alterations made to the previous revelations of God—specifically those that make up the Tawrat, the Zabur or Psalms, and the Injil.
See Islam and Tahrif
Taifa
The taifas (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.
See Islam and Taifa
Tajwid
In the context of the recitation of the Quran, tajwīd (تجويد,, 'elocution') is a set of rules for the correct pronunciation of the letters with all their qualities and applying the various traditional methods of recitation (Qira'at).
See Islam and Tajwid
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Taqlid
Taqlid (taqlīd) is an Islamic term denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another.
See Islam and Taqlid
Taqwa
Taqwa (تقوى /) is an Islamic term for being conscious and cognizant of God, of truth, "piety, fear of God." It is often found in the Quran.
See Islam and Taqwa
Tariqa
A tariqa is a religious order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking, which translates as "ultimate truth".
See Islam and Tariqa
Tasbih
Tasbih (تَسْبِيح) is a form of dhikr that involves the glorification of God in Islam by saying: "Subhan Allah" (سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ; lit. "Glory be to Allah").
See Islam and Tasbih
Tatmadaw
The Tatmadaw or Sit-Tat is the military of Myanmar (formerly Burma).
Tawhid
Tawhid (تَوْحِيد|translit.
See Islam and Tawhid
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Islam and Taylor & Francis
Televangelism
Televangelism (from televangelist, a blend of television and ''evangelist'') and occasionally termed radio evangelism or teleministry, denotes the utilization of media platforms, notably radio and television, for the marketing of religious messages, particularly Christianity.
Temple University Press
Temple University Press is a university press founded in 1969 that is part of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
See Islam and Temple University Press
Tengrism
Tengrism (also known as Tengriism, Tengerism, or Tengrianism) is a religion originating in the Eurasian steppes, based on shamanism and animism.
Tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
Textualism
Textualism is a formalist theory in which the interpretation of the law is based exclusively on the ordinary meaning of the legal text, where no consideration is given to non-textual sources, such as intention of the law when passed, the problem it was intended to remedy, or significant questions regarding the justice or rectitude of the law.
The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine (al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb; Qānun dar Teb; Canon Medicinae) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Muslim Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (ابن سینا, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.
See Islam and The Canon of Medicine
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
The Four Books
The Four Books (translit) are the four canonical hadith collections of Shia Islam.
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The National (Abu Dhabi)
The National is a UAE state-owned English-language daily newspaper published in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
See Islam and The National (Abu Dhabi)
The New Humanitarian
The New Humanitarian, previously known as IRIN News, or Integrated Regional Information Networks News, is an independent, non-profit news agency.
See Islam and The New Humanitarian
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Islam and The New York Times
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam is a dictionary of Islam, published by the Oxford University Press, with John Esposito as editor-in-chief.
See Islam and The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
The Seven Fuqaha of Medina
The Seven Fuqaha of Medina, commonly referred to as The Seven Fuqaha, are seven experts in Islamic jurisprudence who lived around the same time in the Islamic holy city of Medina.
See Islam and The Seven Fuqaha of Medina
The Study Quran
The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary is a 2015 English-language edition of the Quran edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and published by HarperOne.
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Islam and The World Factbook
Theocracy
Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان|translit.
Timurid Renaissance
The Timurid Renaissance was a historical period in Asian and Islamic history spanning the late 14th, the 15th, and the early 16th centuries.
See Islam and Timurid Renaissance
Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
See Islam and Torah
Torah in Islam
The Tawrat (تَّوْرَاة|translit.
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See Islam and Total fertility rate
Trafford Publishing
Trafford Publishing is a book publishing company for self-publishing authors.
See Islam and Trafford Publishing
Treaty of al-Hudaybiya
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiya (translit) was an event that took place during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Islam and Treaty of al-Hudaybiya
Tribes of Arabia
The tribes of Arabia or Arab tribes denote ethnic Arab tribes originating in the Arabian Peninsula.
See Islam and Tribes of Arabia
Trinity
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three,, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence/substance/nature (homoousion).
Tulunids
The Tulunids, were a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who were the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt, as well as much of Syria, since the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
Tusi couple
The Tusi couple (also known as Tusi's mechanism) is a mathematical device in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of the smaller circle.
Tuttle Publishing
Tuttle Publishing, originally the Charles E. Tuttle Company, is a book publishing company that includes Tuttle, Periplus Editions, and Journey Editions.
See Islam and Tuttle Publishing
Twelve Imams
The Twelve Imams (ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر,; دوازده امام) are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi.
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.
U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report (USNWR, US NEWS) is an American media company publishing news, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
See Islam and U.S. News & World Report
Ulama
In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.
See Islam and Ulama
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.
See Islam and Umar
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (translit; February 720) was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720.
See Islam and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Islam and Umayyad Caliphate
Umayyad dynasty
The Umayyad dynasty (Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads (al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031.
Ummah
(أُمَّة) is an Arabic word meaning "nation".
See Islam and Ummah
Umrah
The Umrah (lit) is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, located in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.
See Islam and Umrah
Universal resurrection
General resurrection or universal resurrection is the belief in a resurrection of the dead, or resurrection from the dead (Koine: ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν, anastasis nekron; literally: "standing up again of the dead") by which most or all people who have died would be resurrected (brought back to life).
See Islam and Universal resurrection
Universe
The universe is all of space and time and their contents.
University of al-Qarawiyyin
The University of al-Qarawiyyin (translit), also written Al-Karaouine or Al Quaraouiyine, is a university located in Fez, Morocco.
See Islam and University of al-Qarawiyyin
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is a new university press (NUP) that is a part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.
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University of South Carolina Press
The University of South Carolina Press is an academic publisher associated with the University of South Carolina.
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University of Tennessee Press
The University of Tennessee Press is a university press associated with the University of Tennessee.
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Usury
Usury is the practice of making loans that are seen as unfairly enriching the lender.
See Islam and Usury
Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan (translit; 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656.
See Islam and Uthman
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.
Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee.
See Islam and Vanderbilt University
Vice Media Group LLC is a Canadian-American digital media and broadcasting company.
Visual arts
The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, comics, design, crafts, and architecture.
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Islam and W. W. Norton & Company
Waḥy
Waḥyu (وَحْي,;: وُحِيّ,; also spelled wahi) is the Arabic word for revelation.
See Islam and Waḥy
Wahhabism
Wahhabism (translit) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.
Wali
A wali (walī; plural أَوْلِيَاء) is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate a saint, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God".
See Islam and Wali
Waqf
A (وَقْف;, plural), also called a (plural حُبوس or أَحْباس), or mortmain property, is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law.
See Islam and Waqf
Wasil ibn Ata
Wāṣil ibn ʿAtāʾ (699–748) (واصل بن عطاء) was a Muslim theologian and jurist.
Welfare
Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter.
West Africa
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.
Westview Press
Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
Will of God
The will of God or divine will is a concept found in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, the Quran, and a number of other texts and worldviews, according to which God's will is the cause of everything that exists.
Wipf and Stock
Wipf and Stock is a publisher in Eugene, Oregon, publishing works in theology, biblical studies, history and philosophy.
Women in Islam
The experiences of Muslim women (Muslimāt, singular مسلمة Muslimah) vary widely between and within different societies.
Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide.
Wudu
Wuduʾ (lit) is the Islamic procedure for cleansing parts of the body, a type of ritual purification, or ablution.
See Islam and Wudu
Xinjiang internment camps
The Xinjiang internment camps, officially called vocational education and training centers (w) by the government of China, are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee.
See Islam and Xinjiang internment camps
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Islam and Yale University Press
Yaroslav Trofimov
Yaroslav Trofimov (born 1969) is a Ukrainian-born Italian author and journalist who is chief foreign-affairs correspondent at The Wall Street Journal.
See Islam and Yaroslav Trofimov
Yazdânism
Yazdânism, or the Cult of Angels, is a pseudohistoric pre-Islamic religion with claimed ties relating to a Mithraic religion of the Kurds. Islam and Yazdânism are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Mongolian:, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its ''de facto'' division.
Zabur
The Zabur (az-zabūr) is, according to Islam, the holy book of David, one of the holy books revealed by God before the Quran, alongside others such as the Tawrāh (Torah) and the Injīl (Gospel).
See Islam and Zabur
Zakat
Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam.
See Islam and Zakat
Zaydism
Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate.
1997 Turkish military memorandum
The 1997 military memorandum (28 Şubat, "28 February"; also called Post-modern darbe, "Post-modern coup") in Turkey refers to the decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997.
See Islam and 1997 Turkish military memorandum
570
Year 570 (DLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
See Islam and 570
See also
610 establishments
Abrahamic religions
- Abrahamic religions
- Abrahamic world
- Abrahamites
- Abrahamization
- Bábism
- Baháʼí Faith
- Christianity
- Druze
- False god
- Gnosticism
- God in Abrahamic religions
- Holy Land
- Islam
- Judaism
- Mandaeism
- Milah Abraham
- Mormonism
- Pai Mārire
- Raëlism
- Rastafari
- Sabians
- Samaritanism
- Samaritans
- Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions
- Yazdânism
Religious organizations established in the 7th century
- Baegyangsa
- Baengnyulsa
- Beomeosa
- Beopjusa
- Bongjeongsa
- Buseoksa
- Dōjō-ji
- Girimsa
- Gounsa
- Hōryū-ji
- Islam
- Mii-dera
- Naksansa
- Seongjusa
- Sinheungsa
- Tanzan Shrine
- Tongdosa
- Woljeongsa
- Yakushi-ji
- Yasaka Shrine
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam
Also known as Al-'islām, Al-Islam, Followers of the Prophet Muhammed, Isalm, Islaam, Islaamic, Islam (Concept), Islam (religion), Islam faith, Islam religion, Islam today, Islami, Islamic, Islamic religion, Islamick, Islām, Izlam, Muslim religion, Muslim's religion, Musulman religion, Pre-modern Islamic societies, Submission to God, The Religion of Islam, Īslam, إسلام, ئیسلام, الإسلام, اَلْإِسْلَامُ.
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