Languages of the Iberian Peninsula & Spaniards - Unionpedia, the concept map

Alans

The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa.

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Aragonese language

Aragonese (in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça.

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Aranese dialect

Aranese (aranés) is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in northwestern Catalonia close to the Spanish border with France, where it is one of the three official languages beside Catalan and Spanish.

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Asturian language

Asturian (asturianu),Art.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies) officially the Principality of Asturias, (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies; Galician–Asturian: Principao d'Asturias) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.

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Asturleonese language

Asturleonese (Astur-Leonese; Asturlleonés; Asturleonés; Asturo-leonês; Asturlhionés) is a Romance language or language family spoken in northwestern Spain and northeastern Portugal, namely in the historical regions and Spain's modern-day autonomous communities of Asturias, northwestern Castile and León, Cantabria and Extremadura, and in Riudenore and Tierra de Miranda in Portugal.

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Balearic Islands

The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears; Islas Baleares or) are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

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The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco), also called the Basque Autonomous Community, is an autonomous community in northern Spain.

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Basque language

Basque (euskara) is the only surviving Paleo-European language spoken in Europe, predating the arrival of speakers of the Indo-European languages that dominate the continent today. Basque is spoken by the Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Basque is classified as a language isolate. The Basques are indigenous to and primarily inhabit the Basque Country. The Basque language is spoken by 806,000 Basques in all territories. Of these, 93.7% (756,000) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.3% (50,000) are in the French portion. Basque is considered the most spoken language isolate in the world. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities on the northern border of Álava and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen Basque fluency. By contrast, most of Álava, the westernmost part of Biscay, and central and southern Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries (as in most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it may never have been spoken there (as in parts of Enkarterri and south-eastern Navarre). In Francoist Spain, Basque language use was discouraged by the government's repressive policies. In the Basque Country, "Francoist repression was not only political, but also linguistic and cultural." Franco's regime suppressed Basque from official discourse, education, and publishing, making it illegal to register newborn babies under Basque names, and even requiring tombstone engravings in Basque to be removed. In some provinces the public use of Basque was suppressed, with people fined for speaking it. Public use of Basque was frowned upon by supporters of the regime, often regarded as a sign of anti-Francoism or separatism. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that the Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. Basque is the only surviving language isolate in Europe. The current mainstream scientific view on the origin of the Basques and of their language is that early forms of Basque developed before the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, i.e. before the arrival of Celtic and Romance languages in particular, as the latter today geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Typologically, with its agglutinative morphology and ergative–absolutive alignment, Basque grammar remains markedly different from that of Standard Average European languages. Nevertheless, Basque has borrowed up to 40 percent of its vocabulary from Romance languages,"Basque Pidgin Vocabulary in European-Algonquian Trade Contacts." In Papers of the Nineteenth Algonquian Conference, edited by William Cowan, pp. 7–13. https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/ALGQP/article/download/967/851/0 and the Latin script is used for the Basque alphabet.

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Catalan language

Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya; Cataluña; Catalonha) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.

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French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Galician language

Galician (galego), also known as Galego, is a Western Ibero-Romance language.

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Galician–Portuguese

Galician–Portuguese (lingua vulgar; galego–portugués or galaico–portugués; galego–português or galaico–português), also known as Old Galician–Portuguese, Old Galician or Old Portuguese, Medieval Galician or Medieval Portuguese when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Judaeo-Spanish

Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym djudeoespanyol, Hebrew script), also known as Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish.

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Languages of Spain

--> The majority of languages of Spain belong to the Romance language family, of which Spanish is the only one with official status in the whole country.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Leonese language

Leonese (llionés, lleonés) is a set of vernacular Romance language varieties currently spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (the modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca), the village of Riudenore (in both Spain and Portugal) and Guadramil in Portugal, sometimes considered another language.

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List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

This is a list of the pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania, i.e., modern Portugal, Spain and Andorra).

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Name of the Spanish language

The Spanish language has two names: and.

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Navarre

Navarre, officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.

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North Region, Portugal

The North Region (Região do Norte) or Northern Portugal is the most populous region in Portugal, ahead of Lisbon, and the third most extensive by area.

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Paleohispanic languages

The paleo-Hispanic languages are the languages of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, excluding languages of foreign colonies, such as Greek in Emporion and Phoenician in Qart Hadast.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.

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Romanization (cultural)

Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spanish language

Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.

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Suebi

The Suebi (also spelled Suevi) or Suebians were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic.

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The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain.

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Valencian language

Valencian (valencià) or the Valencian language (llengua valenciana) is the official, historical and traditional name used in the Valencian Community of Spain to refer to the Romance language also known as Catalan, 20 minutos, 7 January 2008.

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