Liquid-propellant rocket, the Glossary
A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket utilizes a rocket engine burning liquid propellants.[1]
Table of Contents
243 relations: Aerozine 50, AJ10, Apollo command and service module, Apollo Lunar Module, Apollo program, Ares I, Ariane 5, Arthur Rudolph, Asif Azam Siddiqi, Astra (American spaceflight company), Astronautics, Astronomische Gesellschaft, Atlas (rocket family), Atlas V, Atmospheric entry, Auburn, Massachusetts, Bachem Ba 349 Natter, BBC News, BE-3, BE-4, Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1, Black Arrow, Brushless DC electric motor, C-Stoff, Carbon monoxide, Carcinogen, Carnot cycle, Centaur (rocket stage), Center of gravity of an aircraft, CNBC, Cold War, Combustion chamber, Combustion tap-off cycle, Comparison of orbital launch systems, Comparison of orbital launcher families, Comparison of orbital rocket engines, Comparison of solid-fuelled orbital launch systems, Cryogenic fuel, Cryogenic rocket engine, Delta (rocket family), Delta II, Delta IV, Delta-v, Descent propulsion system, Dinitrogen tetroxide, Dream Chaser, EFE, El Comercio (Peru), Electric motor, Electric-pump-fed engine, ... Expand index (193 more) »
- Rocket engines by propellant
Aerozine 50
Aerozine 50 is a 50:50 mix by weight of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), developed in the late 1950s by Aerojet General Corporation as a storable, high-energy, hypergolic fuel for the Titan II ICBM rocket engines.
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AJ10
The AJ10 is a hypergolic rocket engine manufactured by Aerojet Rocketdyne (previously Aerojet).
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Apollo command and service module
The Apollo command and service module (CSM) was one of two principal components of the United States Apollo spacecraft, used for the Apollo program, which landed astronauts on the Moon between 1969 and 1972.
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Apollo Lunar Module
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. Liquid-propellant rocket and Apollo Lunar Module are American inventions.
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Apollo program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.
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Ares I
Ares I was the crew launch vehicle that was being developed by NASA as part of the Constellation program.
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Ariane 5
Ariane 5 is a retired European heavy-lift space launch vehicle developed and operated by Arianespace for the European Space Agency (ESA).
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Arthur Rudolph
Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany.
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Asif Azam Siddiqi
Asif Azam Siddiqi is a Bangladeshi American space historian and a Guggenheim Fellowship winner.
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Astra (American spaceflight company)
Astra Space, Inc., formerly known as Ventions, LLC from 2005 - 2016, is an American space company based in Alameda, California, with facilities in Sunnyvale, California and Atwater, California.
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Astronautics
Astronautics (or cosmonautics) is the practice of sending spacecraft beyond Earth's atmosphere into outer space.
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Astronomische Gesellschaft
The Astronomische Gesellschaft is an astronomical society established in 1863 in Heidelberg, the second oldest astronomical society after the Royal Astronomical Society.
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Atlas (rocket family)
Atlas is a family of US missiles and space launch vehicles that originated with the SM-65 Atlas.
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Atlas V
Atlas V is an expendable launch system and the fifth major version in the Atlas launch vehicle family.
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Atmospheric entry
Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as Vimpact or Ventry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
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Auburn, Massachusetts
Auburn is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Bachem Ba 349 Natter
The Bachem Ba 349 Natter (Colubrid, grass-snake) was a World War II German point-defence rocket-powered interceptor, which was to be used in a very similar way to a manned surface-to-air missile.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
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BE-3
The BE-3 (Blue Engine 3) is a liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine developed by Blue Origin.
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BE-4
The BE-4 (Blue Engine 4) is an oxygen-rich liquefied-methane-fueled staged-combustion rocket engine produced by Blue Origin.
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Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1
The Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 was a Soviet short-range rocket-powered interceptor developed during the Second World War.
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Black Arrow
Black Arrow, officially capitalised BLACK ARROW,Gibson and Buttler 2007,.
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Brushless DC electric motor
A brushless DC electric motor (BLDC), also known as an electronically commutated motor, is a synchronous motor using a direct current (DC) electric power supply.
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C-Stoff
C-Stoff ("substance C") was a reductant used in bipropellant rocket fuels (as a fuel itself) developed by Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft in Germany during World War II.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air.
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Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.
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Carnot cycle
A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s.
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Centaur (rocket stage)
The Centaur is a family of rocket propelled upper stages that has been in use since 1962.
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Center of gravity of an aircraft
The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is the point over which the aircraft would balance.
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CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Combustion chamber
A combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine in which the fuel/air mix is burned.
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Combustion tap-off cycle
The combustion tap-off cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine.
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Comparison of orbital launch systems
This article lists all active and upcoming orbital launch systems.
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Comparison of orbital launcher families
This article compares different orbital launcher families (launchers which are significantly different from other members of the same 'family' have separate entries).
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Comparison of orbital rocket engines
This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data and specifications.
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Comparison of solid-fuelled orbital launch systems
This article contains the lift launch systems constructed by some solid fuel stages except the final stage.
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Cryogenic fuel
Cryogenic fuels are fuels that require storage at extremely low temperatures in order to maintain them in a liquid state.
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Cryogenic rocket engine
A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel and oxidizer; that is, both its fuel and oxidizer are gases which have been liquefied and are stored at very low temperatures. Liquid-propellant rocket and cryogenic rocket engine are rocket propulsion.
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Delta (rocket family)
The Delta rocket family was a versatile range of American rocket-powered expendable launch systems that provided space launch capability in the United States from 1960 to 2024.
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Delta II
Delta II was an expendable launch system, originally designed and built by McDonnell Douglas, and sometimes known as the Thorad Delta 1.
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Delta IV
Delta IV was a group of five expendable launch systems in the Delta rocket family.
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Delta-v
Delta-v (more known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced deltah-vee, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver.
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Descent propulsion system
The descent propulsion system (DPS - pronounced 'dips') or lunar module descent engine (LMDE), internal designation VTR-10, is a variable-throttle hypergolic rocket engine invented by Gerard W. Elverum Jr.
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Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4.
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Dream Chaser
Dream Chaser is an American reusable lifting-body spaceplane developed by Sierra Space.
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EFE
Agencia EFE, S.A. is a Spanish international news agency, the major Spanish-language multimedia news agency and the world's fourth largest wire service after the Associated Press, Reuters, and Agence France-Presse.
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El Comercio (Peru)
is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima.
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Electric motor
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
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Electric-pump-fed engine
The electric-pump-fed engine is a bipropellant rocket engine in which the fuel pumps are electrically powered, and so all of the input propellant is directly burned in the main combustion chamber, and none is diverted to drive the pumps.
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Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
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Expander cycle
The expander cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. Liquid-propellant rocket and expander cycle are rocket propulsion.
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Falcon 1
Falcon 1 was a small-lift launch vehicle that was operated from 2006 to 2009 by SpaceX, an American aerospace manufacturer.
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Falcon 9
Falcon 9 is a partially reusable, human-rated, two-stage-to-orbit, medium-lift launch vehicle designed and manufactured in the United States by SpaceX.
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Falcon 9 v1.1
Falcon 9 v1.1 was the second version of SpaceX's Falcon 9 orbital launch vehicle.
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Falcon Heavy
Falcon Heavy is a heavy-lift launch vehicle with partial reusability that can carry cargo into Earth orbit, and beyond.
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Frank H. Winter
Frank H. Winter (born 1942) is an American historian and writer.
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Frederick I. Ordway III
Frederick Ira Ordway III (4 April 19271 July 2014) was an American space scientist and author of visionary books on spaceflight.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Sander
Friedrich Wilhelm Sander (25 August 1885 in Glatz (Kłodzko) – 15 September 1938) was a German pyrotechnics and rocket technology engineer as well as manufacturer remembered for his contributions to rocket-powered flight as key protagonist of the Opel-RAK program.
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Friedrich Zander
Georg Arthur Constantin Friedrich Zander (also Tsander, Фри́дрихАрту́рович Ца́ндер, tr.; Frīdrihs Canders, – 28 March 1933), was a Baltic German pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.
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Fuel
A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work.
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Gas Dynamics Laboratory
Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) (Газодинамическая лаборатория) was the first Soviet research and development laboratory to focus on rocket technology. Liquid-propellant rocket and Gas Dynamics Laboratory are rocket propulsion.
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Gas-generator cycle
The gas-generator cycle, also called open cycle, is one of the most commonly used power cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines. Propellant is burned in a gas generator (or "preburner") and the resulting hot gas is used to power the propellant pumps before being exhausted overboard and lost.
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Gasoline
Gasoline or petrol is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a class of expendable launch systems operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
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Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
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Gravity loss
In astrodynamics and rocketry, gravity loss is a measure of the loss in the net performance of a rocket while it is thrusting in a gravitational field.
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Group for the Study of Reactive Motion
The Moscow-based Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (also 'Group for the Investigation of Reactive Engines and Reactive Flight' and 'Jet Propulsion Study Group') (Группа изучения реактивного движения, Gruppa izucheniya reaktivnogo dvizheniya, better known for its Russian abbreviation ГИРД, GIRD) was a Soviet research bureau founded in 1931 to study various aspects of rocketry. Liquid-propellant rocket and Group for the Study of Reactive Motion are rocket propulsion.
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Guidance system
A guidance system is a virtual or physical device, or a group of devices implementing a controlling the movement of a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or any other moving object.
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H-II
The H-II (H2) rocket was a Japanese satellite launch system, which flew seven times between 1994 and 1999, with five successes.
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H-IIA
H-IIA (H-2A) is an active expendable launch system operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.
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H-IIB
H-IIB (H2B) was an expendable space launch system jointly developed by the Japanese government's space agency JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
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Heat of combustion
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it.
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Heinkel He 176
The Heinkel He 176 was a German experimental rocket-powered aircraft.
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Hellmuth Walter
Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines.
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Helmholtz resonance
Helmholtz resonance, also known as wind throb, refers to the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, an effect named after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz.
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Hermann Oberth
Hermann Julius Oberth (25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and rocket pioneer of Transylvanian Saxon descent.
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High-test peroxide
High-test peroxide (HTP) is a highly concentrated (85 to 98%) solution of hydrogen peroxide, with the remainder consisting predominantly of water.
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HM7B
The HM7B was a European cryogenic upper stage rocket engine used on the vehicles in the Ariane rocket family.
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Hybrid-propellant rocket
A hybrid-propellant rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor that uses rocket propellants in two different phases: one solid and the other either gas or liquid. Liquid-propellant rocket and hybrid-propellant rocket are rocket engines by propellant and rocket propulsion.
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Hydrazine
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hypergolic propellant
A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant combination used in a rocket engine, whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.
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Intercontinental ballistic missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than, primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).
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Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
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JAXA
The is the Japanese national air and space agency.
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John Drury Clark
John Drury Clark, Ph.D. (August 15, 1907 – July 6, 1988) was an American rocket fuel developer, chemist, and science fiction writer.
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (a; – 19 September 1935) was a Russian rocket scientist who pioneered astronautics.
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Korolyov RP-318
The RP-318 or RP-318-1 was USSR's first rocket-powered aircraft or Rocket Glider (Rocketny Planer or Raketoplan) which "RP" stands for in Russian language.
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Kummersdorf
Kummersdorf is the name of an estate near Luckenwalde, around 25 km south of Berlin, in the Brandenburg region of Germany.
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Launch escape system
A launch escape system (LES) or launch abort system (LAS) is a crew-safety system connected to a space capsule.
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Launch vehicle
A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space.
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LE-5
The LE-5 liquid rocket engine and its derivative models were developed in Japan to meet the need for an upper stage propulsion system for the H-I and H-II series of launch vehicles.
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LE-7
The LE-7 and its succeeding upgrade model the LE-7A are staged combustion cycle 2/LOX liquid rocket engines produced in Japan for the H-II series of launch vehicles.
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Leonid Dushkin
Leonid Stepanovich Dushkin (Леонид Степанович Душкин) (August 15, 1910 in the Spirove settlement of the Tver region – April 4, 1990), was a major pioneer of Soviet rocket engine technology.
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Lima
Lima, founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (Spanish for "City of Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
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Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport.
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Liquid hydrogen
Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen.
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Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear light sky-blue liquid form of dioxygen.
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Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). Liquid-propellant rocket and liquid rocket propellant are rocket propulsion.
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Liquid-propellant rocket
A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket utilizes a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. Liquid-propellant rocket and liquid-propellant rocket are American inventions, rocket engines by propellant and rocket propulsion.
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List of canceled launch vehicle designs
Even before the launch of Sputnik 1, there were various types of launch vehicle designs.
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List of military rockets
This is a list of unguided rockets and missiles used for military purposes.
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List of missiles
Below is a list of missiles, sorted alphabetically into large categories and subcategories by name and purpose.
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List of orbital launch systems
This is a list of conventional orbital launch systems.
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List of sounding rockets
This is a list of sounding rockets used for suborbital research flights.
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Long March 2
Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China.
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Long March 3
The Long March 3, also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket design.
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Long March 5
Long March 5 (LM-5; p), or Changzheng 5 (CZ-5), and also by its nickname "Pang-Wu" (胖五, "Fat-Five"), is a Chinese heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT).
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Long March 6
The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6 for export or CZ 6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST).
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Long March 7
The Long March 7, or Chang Zheng 7 in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed Bingjian, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST).
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Long March 8
Long March 8 is an orbital launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology to launch up to 5000 kg to a 700 km altitude Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).
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Lunar module
A lunar module is a lunar lander designed to allow astronauts to travel between a spacecraft in lunar orbit and the lunar surface.
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LVM3
The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 (previously referred as the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III or GSLV Mk III) is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
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Max Valier
Max Valier (9 February 1895 – 17 May 1930) was an Austrian rocketry pioneer.
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Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet
The Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet is a rocket-powered interceptor aircraft primarily designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).
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Mikhail Tikhonravov
Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov (July 29, 1900 – March 3, 1974) was a Soviet engineer who was a pioneer of spacecraft design and rocketry.
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Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270
The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270 (Design Ж ("Zh") under Mikoyan-Gurevich's in-house designation sequence, USAF/DoD designation: Type 11) was a response to a Soviet Air Forces requirement in 1945 for a rocket-powered interceptor aircraft for the point-defence role.
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MIM-3 Nike Ajax
The Nike Ajax was an American guided surface-to-air missile (SAM) developed by Bell Labs for the United States Army.
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Monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a highly toxic, volatile hydrazine derivative with the chemical formula.
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Monopropellant rocket
A monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant. Liquid-propellant rocket and monopropellant rocket are rocket engines by propellant and rocket propulsion.
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Moon landing
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions.
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Moscow
Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
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New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
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Nitric acid
Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula.
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North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.
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Opel RAK.1
The Opel RAK.1 (also known as the Opel RAK.3) was the world's first purpose-built rocket-powered aircraft.
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Opel-RAK
Opel-RAK were a series of rocket vehicles produced by German automobile manufacturer Fritz von Opel,https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0904rocket/ article by Walter J. Boyne in Air Force Magazine, September 1, 2004 of the Opel car company, in association with others, including Max Valier, Julius Hatry, and Friedrich Wilhelm Sander. Liquid-propellant rocket and Opel-RAK are rocket propulsion.
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Orbex
Orbital Express Launch Ltd., or Orbex, is a United Kingdom-based aerospace company that is developing a small commercial orbital rocket called Prime.
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Orbital maneuver
In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft.
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Orbital Maneuvering System
The Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) is a system of hypergolic liquid-propellant rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle and the Orion MPCV.
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Oxidizing agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the,, or). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Pedro Paulet
Pedro Eleodoro Paulet Mostajo (2 July 1874 or 4 July 1875 – 30 January 1945) was a Peruvian diplomat and engineer.
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Peenemünde
Peenemünde ("Peene Mouth") is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
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Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.
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PGM-11 Redstone
The PGM-11 Redstone was the first large American ballistic missile.
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Pintle injector
The pintle injector is a type of propellant injector for a bipropellant rocket engine.
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Pogo oscillation
Pogo oscillation is a self-excited vibration in liquid-propellant rocket engines caused by combustion instability.
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Pressure measurement
Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface.
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Pressure-fed engine
The pressure-fed engine is a class of rocket engine designs. Liquid-propellant rocket and pressure-fed engine are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Pressure-fed engine
Project Morpheus
Project Morpheus was a NASA project that began in 2010 to develop a vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) test vehicle called the Morpheus Lander.
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Propellant
A propellant (or propellent) is a mass that is expelled or expanded in such a way as to create a thrust or another motive force in accordance with Newton's third law of motion, and "propel" a vehicle, projectile, or fluid payload.
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Propulsion Cryogenics & Advanced Development
Propulsion Cryogenics & Advanced Development (PCAD), was a NASA rocket engine development project from 2005 to 2010 that included methalox engines (liquid methane and liquid oxygen).
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Propulsion Cryogenics & Advanced Development
Proton (rocket family)
Proton (Russian: Протон) (formal designation: UR-500) is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russian government space launches.
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Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy.
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Pyrophoricity
A substance is pyrophoric (from πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, 'fire-bearing') if it ignites spontaneously in air at or below (for gases) or within 5 minutes after coming into contact with air (for liquids and solids).
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Pyrotechnic initiator
In pyrotechnics, a pyrotechnic initiator (also initiator or igniter) is a device containing a pyrotechnic composition used primarily to ignite other, more difficult-to-ignite materials, such as thermites, gas generators, and solid-fuel rockets.
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Quality management
Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well.
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R-12 Dvina
The R-12 Dvina was a theatre ballistic missile developed and deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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R-7 Semyorka
The R-7 Semyorka (Р-7 Семёрка), officially the GRAU index 8K71, was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile.
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Rüsselsheim am Main
Rüsselsheim am Main is the largest city in the Groß-Gerau district in the Rhein-Main region of Germany.
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RD-191
The RD-191 is a high-performance single-combustion chamber rocket engine, developed in Russia and sold by Roscosmos.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and RD-191
Reaction control system
A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system that uses thrusters to provide attitude control and translation.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Reaction control system
Reactive Scientific Research Institute
Reactive Scientific Research Institute (commonly known by the joint initialism RNII; Reaktivnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy institut) was one of the first Soviet research and development institutions to focus on rocket technology. Liquid-propellant rocket and Reactive Scientific Research Institute are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Reactive Scientific Research Institute
Reciprocating pump
A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-displacement pumps that includes the piston pump, plunger pump, and diaphragm pump.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Reciprocating pump
Red fuming nitric acid
Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Red fuming nitric acid
Regenerative cooling (rocketry)
In rocket engine design, regenerative cooling is a configuration in which some or all of the propellant is passed through tubes, channels, or in a jacket around the combustion chamber or nozzle to cool the engine. Liquid-propellant rocket and regenerative cooling (rocketry) are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Regenerative cooling (rocketry)
Relativity Space
Relativity Space Inc. is an American aerospace manufacturing company headquartered in Long Beach, California.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Relativity Space
Reusable launch vehicle
A reusable launch vehicle has parts that can be recovered and reflown, while carrying payloads from the surface to outer space. Liquid-propellant rocket and reusable launch vehicle are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Reusable launch vehicle
RL10
The RL10 is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine built in the United States by Aerojet Rocketdyne that burns cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants.
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Robert H. Goddard
Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which was successfully launched on March 16, 1926.
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Rocket engine
A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass for forming a high-speed propulsive jet of fluid, usually high-temperature gas.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rocket engine
Rocket engine nozzle
A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities. Liquid-propellant rocket and rocket engine nozzle are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rocket engine nozzle
Rocket Lab
Rocket Lab USA, Inc. is a publicly traded aerospace manufacturer and launch service provider that operates and launches lightweight Electron orbital rockets used to provide dedicated launch services for small satellites as well as a suborbital variant of Electron called HASTE (Hypersonic Accelerator Suborbital Test Electron).
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rocket Lab
Rocket propellant
Rocket propellant is the reaction mass of a rocket. Liquid-propellant rocket and rocket propellant are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rocket propellant
Rocketdyne F-1
The F-1 is a rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne.
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Rocketdyne J-2
The J-2, commonly known as Rocketdyne J-2, was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rocketdyne J-2
Rokot
Rokot (Рокот meaning Rumble or Boom), also transliterated Rockot, was a Soviet Union (later Russian) space launch vehicle that was capable of launching a payload of into a Earth orbit with 63° inclination.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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RP-1
RP-1 (alternatively, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and RP-1
RS-25
The RS-25, also known as the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine that was used on NASA's Space Shuttle and is used on the Space Launch System (SLS).
See Liquid-propellant rocket and RS-25
RS-68
The RS-68 (Rocket System-68) was a liquid-fuel rocket engine that used liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants in a gas-generator cycle.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and RS-68
Rutherford (rocket engine)
Rutherford is a liquid-propellant rocket engine designed by aerospace company Rocket Lab and manufactured in Long Beach, California.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Rutherford (rocket engine)
S-IC
The S-IC (pronounced S-one-C) was the first stage of the American Saturn V rocket.
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S-II
The S-II (pronounced "S-two") was the second stage of the Saturn V rocket.
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S-IVB
The S-IVB (pronounced "S-four-B") was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.
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Saturn I
The Saturn I was a rocket designed as the United States' first medium lift launch vehicle for up to low Earth orbit payloads.
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Saturn IB
The Saturn IB(also known as the uprated Saturn I) was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program.
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Saturn V
The Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon.
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Scud missile
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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Sergei Korolev
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov,; Serhii Pavlovych Koroliov,; 14 January 1966) was the lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Sergei Korolev
Service module
A service module (also known as an equipment module or instrument compartment) is a component of a crewed space capsule containing a variety of support systems used for spacecraft operations.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Service module
Shahab-5
Shahab-5 (شهاب ۵, meaning "Meteor-5") is Iranian long-range ballistic missile, that was rumoured to exist as early as 1998.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Shahab-5
Shenzhou (spacecraft)
2O4 / MMH): 10000 N each |- | Delta V: 380 m/s --> Shenzhou (see) is a spacecraft developed and operated by China to support its crewed spaceflight program, China Manned Space Program. Its design resembles the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, but it is larger in size. The first launch was on 19 November 1999 and the first crewed launch was on 15 October 2003.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Shenzhou (spacecraft)
Short-range ballistic missile
A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of about or less.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Short-range ballistic missile
Skyrora
Skyrora Ltd is a British private space company based in Edinburgh, Scotland, since 2017.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Skyrora
Slosh dynamics
In fluid dynamics, slosh refers to the movement of liquid inside another object (which is, typically, also undergoing motion).
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Slosh dynamics
Solid-propellant rocket
A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). Liquid-propellant rocket and solid-propellant rocket are American inventions, rocket engines by propellant and rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Solid-propellant rocket
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
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Soyuz (rocket family)
Soyuz (Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) is a family of expendable Russian and Soviet carrier rockets developed by OKB-1 and manufactured by Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Russia.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Soyuz (rocket family)
Space Launch System
The Space Launch System (SLS) is an American super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle used by NASA.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Space Launch System
Space Launch System core stage
The Space Launch System core stage, or simply core stage, is the main stage of the American Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, built by The Boeing Company in the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Space Launch System core stage
Space Race
The Space Race (Космическая гонка) was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability.
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Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Liquid-propellant rocket and space Shuttle are American inventions.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
On Saturday, February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
Space Shuttle external tank
The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) was the component of the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that contained the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer.
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Space Shuttle orbiter
The Space Shuttle orbiter is the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued Space Shuttle program.
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Space.com
Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.
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Spacecraft electric propulsion
Spacecraft electric propulsion (or just electric propulsion) is a type of spacecraft propulsion technique that uses electrostatic or electromagnetic fields to accelerate mass to high speed and thus generating thrust to modify the velocity of a spacecraft in orbit.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Spacecraft electric propulsion
SpaceShipTwo
The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) was an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism.
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SpaceX
Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, commonly referred to as SpaceX, is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch service provider and satellite communications company headquartered in Hawthorne, California.
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SpaceX Draco
The SpaceX Draco is a hypergolic liquid rocket engine designed and built by SpaceX for use in their space capsules.
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SpaceX Dragon
Dragon is a family of spacecraft developed and produced by American private space transportation company SpaceX.
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SpaceX Dragon 2
Dragon 2 is a class of partially reusable spacecraft developed, manufactured, and operated by American space company SpaceX, for flights to the International Space Station (ISS) and private spaceflight missions.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and SpaceX Dragon 2
SpaceX Kestrel
The SpaceX Kestrel was an LOX/RP-1 pressure-fed rocket engine.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and SpaceX Kestrel
SpaceX Merlin
Merlin is a family of rocket engines developed by SpaceX for use on its Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and SpaceX Merlin
SpaceX Raptor
Raptor is a family of rocket engines developed and manufactured by SpaceX.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and SpaceX Raptor
Specific impulse
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine, such as a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel, generates thrust. Liquid-propellant rocket and Specific impulse are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Specific impulse
Staged combustion cycle
The staged combustion cycle (sometimes known as topping cycle, preburner cycle, or closed cycle) is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. Liquid-propellant rocket and staged combustion cycle are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Staged combustion cycle
SuperDraco
SuperDraco is a hypergolic propellant rocket engine designed and built by SpaceX.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and SuperDraco
T-Stoff
T-Stoff ('substance T') was a stabilised high test peroxide used in Germany during World War II.
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Taepodong-2
The Taepodong-2 (TD-2, also spelled as Taep'o-dong 2), Federation of American Scientists, May 30, 2008 (대포동 2호) is a designation used to indicate what was initially believed to be a North Korean two- or three-stage ballistic missile design that is the successor to the Taepodong-1 technology demonstrator.
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Thrust-to-weight ratio
Thrust-to-weight ratio is a dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a rocket, jet engine, propeller engine, or a vehicle propelled by such an engine that is an indicator of the performance of the engine or vehicle.
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Titan (rocket family)
Titan was a family of United States expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005.
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Triethylaluminium
Triethylaluminium is one of the simplest examples of an organoaluminium compound.
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Tripropellant rocket
A tripropellant rocket is a rocket that uses three propellants, as opposed to the more common bipropellant rocket or monopropellant rocket designs, which use two or one propellants, respectively. Liquid-propellant rocket and tripropellant rocket are rocket engines by propellant and rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Tripropellant rocket
Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
The classical rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is a mathematical equation that describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and can thereby move due to the conservation of momentum. Liquid-propellant rocket and Tsiolkovsky rocket equation are rocket propulsion.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
Turbomachinery
Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering, describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Turbomachinery
Turbopump
A turbopump is a propellant pump with two main components: a rotodynamic pump and a driving gas turbine, usually both mounted on the same shaft, or sometimes geared together.
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Ullage motor
Ullage motors (also known as ullage engines or ullage rockets) are relatively small, independently fueled rocket engines that may be fired prior to main engine ignition, when the vehicle is in a zero-g situation.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Ullage motor
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
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Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, heptyl or codenamed Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2 that is used as a rocket propellant.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
V-2 rocket
The V2 (lit), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and V-2 rocket
Valentin Glushko
Valentin Petrovich Glushko (Валенти́н Петро́вич Глушко́; Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko; born 2 September 1908 – 10 January 1989) was a Soviet engineer who was program manager of the Soviet space program from 1974 until 1989.
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Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Vapor pressure
Verein für Raumschiffahrt
The Verein für Raumschiffahrt ("VfR", Society for Space Travel) was a German amateur rocket association prior to World War II that included members outside Germany.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Verein für Raumschiffahrt
Voyager 1
Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and the interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere.
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Voyager 2
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program.
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Waffenamt
Waffenamt (WaA) was the German Army Weapons Agency.
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Walter Dornberger
Major-General Dr.
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Walter HWK 109-509
The Walter HWK 109-509 was a German liquid-fuel bipropellant rocket engine that powered the Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and Bachem Ba 349 aircraft.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and Walter HWK 109-509
Wasserfall
The Wasserfall Ferngelenkte FlaRakete ("Waterfall remote-controlled anti-aircraft rocket") was a German guided supersonic surface-to-air missile project of World War II.
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Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German-American aerospace engineer and space architect.
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Willy Ley
Willy Otto Oskar Ley (October 2, 1906 – June 24, 1969) was a German and American science writer and proponent of cryptozoology.
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
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Zenit (rocket family)
Zenit (Зеніт, Зени́т; meaning Zenith) was a family of space launch vehicles designed by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union.
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Zirconium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide, sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium.
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3D printing
3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model.
See Liquid-propellant rocket and 3D printing
See also
Rocket engines by propellant
- Hybrid-propellant rocket
- Liquid-propellant rocket
- Monopropellant rocket
- Solid-propellant rocket
- Tripropellant rocket
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket
Also known as Bipropellant rocket, Bipropellants, Combustion stability, LPRE, Liquid bipropellant rocket engine, Liquid core vehicles, Liquid fuel rocket, Liquid fuelled rocket, Liquid propellant engine, Liquid propellant rocket, Liquid propulsion, Liquid rocket, Liquid rocket engine, Liquid rocket engines, Liquid-fuel rocket, Liquid-fueled rocket, Liquid-fuelled rocket, Liquid-fuelled rocket engine, Power cycle (rocket engine), Pump-fed engine, Rocket engine cycle, Storable liquid-fuel rocket.
, Ethanol, Expander cycle, Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon 9 v1.1, Falcon Heavy, Frank H. Winter, Frederick I. Ordway III, Friedrich Wilhelm Sander, Friedrich Zander, Fuel, Gas Dynamics Laboratory, Gas-generator cycle, Gasoline, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, Germany, Gravity loss, Group for the Study of Reactive Motion, Guidance system, H-II, H-IIA, H-IIB, Heat of combustion, Heinkel He 176, Hellmuth Walter, Helmholtz resonance, Hermann Oberth, High-test peroxide, HM7B, Hybrid-propellant rocket, Hydrazine, Hydrogen, Hypergolic propellant, Intercontinental ballistic missile, Iran, JAXA, John Drury Clark, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Korolyov RP-318, Kummersdorf, Launch escape system, Launch vehicle, LE-5, LE-7, Leonid Dushkin, Lima, Liquefied natural gas, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid oxygen, Liquid rocket propellant, Liquid-propellant rocket, List of canceled launch vehicle designs, List of military rockets, List of missiles, List of orbital launch systems, List of sounding rockets, Long March 2, Long March 3, Long March 5, Long March 6, Long March 7, Long March 8, Lunar module, LVM3, Max Valier, Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, Methane, Mikhail Tikhonravov, Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270, MIM-3 Nike Ajax, Monomethylhydrazine, Monopropellant rocket, Moon landing, Moscow, Nazi Germany, New England, Nitric acid, North Korea, Opel RAK.1, Opel-RAK, Orbex, Orbital maneuver, Orbital Maneuvering System, Oxidizing agent, Oxygen, Pedro Paulet, Peenemünde, Peru, PGM-11 Redstone, Pintle injector, Pogo oscillation, Pressure measurement, Pressure-fed engine, Project Morpheus, Propellant, Propulsion Cryogenics & Advanced Development, Proton (rocket family), Pump, Pyrophoricity, Pyrotechnic initiator, Quality management, R-12 Dvina, R-7 Semyorka, Rüsselsheim am Main, RD-191, Reaction control system, Reactive Scientific Research Institute, Reciprocating pump, Red fuming nitric acid, Regenerative cooling (rocketry), Relativity Space, Reusable launch vehicle, RL10, Robert H. Goddard, Rocket engine, Rocket engine nozzle, Rocket Lab, Rocket propellant, Rocketdyne F-1, Rocketdyne J-2, Rokot, Routledge, RP-1, RS-25, RS-68, Rutherford (rocket engine), S-IC, S-II, S-IVB, Saint Petersburg, Saturn I, Saturn IB, Saturn V, Scud missile, Sergei Korolev, Service module, Shahab-5, Shenzhou (spacecraft), Short-range ballistic missile, Skyrora, Slosh dynamics, Solid-propellant rocket, Soviet Union, Soyuz (rocket family), Space Launch System, Space Launch System core stage, Space Race, Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, Space Shuttle external tank, Space Shuttle orbiter, Space.com, Spacecraft electric propulsion, SpaceShipTwo, SpaceX, SpaceX Draco, SpaceX Dragon, SpaceX Dragon 2, SpaceX Kestrel, SpaceX Merlin, SpaceX Raptor, Specific impulse, Staged combustion cycle, SuperDraco, T-Stoff, Taepodong-2, Thrust-to-weight ratio, Titan (rocket family), Triethylaluminium, Tripropellant rocket, Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, Turbomachinery, Turbopump, Ullage motor, United Kingdom, United States, Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, V-2 rocket, Valentin Glushko, Vapor pressure, Verein für Raumschiffahrt, Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Waffenamt, Walter Dornberger, Walter HWK 109-509, Wasserfall, Wernher von Braun, Willy Ley, World War II, Zenit (rocket family), Zirconium dioxide, 3D printing.