Istanbul, the Glossary
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.[1]
Open in Google MapsTable of Contents
751 relations: Açık Radyo, ABC-Clio, Abdülmecid I, Abdi İpekçi Arena, Abdi İpekçi Street, Abdul Hamid II, Abdulaziz, Abolition of monarchy, Acclimatization, Achaemenid Empire, Acropolis, Aesculus hippocastanum, Agos, Air pollution in Turkey, Air pollution measurement, Air quality index, Airports Council International, Akbil (smart ticket), Akmerkez, Alevism, Alexandria, Algal bloom, Ali Sami Yen Stadium, Allies of World War I, Altunizade, Anadolu Agency, Anadolu Efes S.K., Anadoluhisarı, Anatolian High School, Ancient Greece, Andronikos II Palaiologos, Ankara, Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway, Antalya, Apollo, Aqueduct (water supply), Aqueduct of Valens, Arab Spring, Arab world, Arabs, Arabs in Turkey, Architecture of Istanbul, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian genocide, Armenian language, Armenians in Istanbul, Armistice of Mudros, Arnavutköy, Arnavutköy (district), Arrondissements of Paris, ... Expand index (701 more) »
- Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region
- Capitals of caliphates
- Metropolitan areas of Turkey
- Populated places established in the 7th century BC
- Port cities and towns in Turkey
- Roman sites in Turkey
- Transcontinental cities
- World Heritage Sites in Turkey
Açık Radyo
Açık Radyo (Open Radio 95.0) is an independent radio station broadcasting from Istanbul to metropolitan Istanbul and surrounding areas.
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Abdülmecid I
Abdülmecid I (ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, I.; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Abdi İpekçi Arena
Abdi İpekçi Arena, formerly known as Abdi İpekçi Sports Complex, was a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul, Turkey, situated just outside the ancient city walls, in Yedikule.
See Istanbul and Abdi İpekçi Arena
Abdi İpekçi Street
Abdi İpekçi Street or Abdi İpekçi Avenue (Abdi İpekçi Caddesi) is one of the premier shopping streets of Istanbul, Turkey, located in the Şişli district.
See Istanbul and Abdi İpekçi Street
Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II (Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; II.; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
See Istanbul and Abdul Hamid II
Abdulaziz
Abdulaziz (ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup.
Abolition of monarchy
The abolition of monarchy is a legislative or revolutionary movement to abolish monarchical elements in government, usually hereditary.
See Istanbul and Abolition of monarchy
Acclimatization
Acclimatization or acclimatisation (also called acclimation or acclimatation) is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment (such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain fitness across a range of environmental conditions.
See Istanbul and Acclimatization
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Istanbul and Achaemenid Empire
Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense.
Aesculus hippocastanum
Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae.
See Istanbul and Aesculus hippocastanum
Agos
Agos (in Ակօս, "furrow") is an Armenian bilingual weekly newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey, established on 5 April 1996.
Air pollution in Turkey
In Turkey, air pollution is the most lethal of the nation's environmental issues, with almost everyone across the country exposed to more than World Health Organization guidelines.
See Istanbul and Air pollution in Turkey
Air pollution measurement
Air pollution measurement is the process of collecting and measuring the components of air pollution, notably gases and particulates.
See Istanbul and Air pollution measurement
Air quality index
An air quality index (AQI) is an indicator developed by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become.
See Istanbul and Air quality index
Airports Council International
Airports Council International (ACI) is an organization of airport authorities aimed at uniting industry practices for airport standards.
See Istanbul and Airports Council International
Akbil (smart ticket)
Akbil was an integrated electronic ticket system used for fare payment on public transport in Istanbul, Turkey, and was first issued in 1995.
See Istanbul and Akbil (smart ticket)
Akmerkez
Akmerkez is a shopping mall located in the Etiler quarter of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey.
Alevism
Alevism (Alevilik;; Ələvilik) is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who supposedly taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism.
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Istanbul and Alexandria are Holy cities and populated places along the Silk Road.
Algal bloom
An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems.
Ali Sami Yen Stadium
Ali Sami Yen Stadium (Ali Sami Yen Stadyumu) was the home of the football club Galatasaray S.K. in Istanbul, Turkey, from 1964 to 2010.
See Istanbul and Ali Sami Yen Stadium
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Istanbul and Allies of World War I
Altunizade
Altunizade is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Üsküdar, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Anadolu Agency
Anadolu Agency (Anadolu Ajansı,; abbreviated AA) is a state-run news agency headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Anadolu Agency
Anadolu Efes S.K.
Anadolu Efes Spor Kulübü, commonly referred to as Anadolu Efes or simply Efes, is a professional basketball team based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Anadolu Efes S.K.
Anadoluhisarı
Anadoluhisarı (Anatolian Fortress), known historically as Güzelce Hisar ("the Beauteous Fortress") is a medieval Ottoman fortress located in Istanbul, Turkey on the Anatolian (Asian) side of the Bosporus. Istanbul and Anadoluhisarı are archaeological sites in the Marmara Region.
See Istanbul and Anadoluhisarı
Anatolian High School
Anatolian High School, or Anadolu High School (Anadolu Lisesi), refers to public high schools in Turkey that admit their students according to high nationwide standardized test (LGS) scores, though this is not required for entering all Anatolian High Schools.
See Istanbul and Anatolian High School
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Istanbul and Ancient Greece
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Andronikos II Palaiologos (Andrónikos Doúkās Ángelos Komnēnós Palaiologos; 25 March 1259 – 13 February 1332), Latinized as Andronicus II Palaeologus, reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1282 to 1328.
See Istanbul and Andronikos II Palaiologos
Ankara
Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2). Istanbul and Ankara are metropolitan areas of Turkey.
Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway
The Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway (Ankara–İstanbul yüksek hızlı demiryolu), is a long high-speed railway linking Ankara and Istanbul in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway
Antalya
Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and the capital of Antalya Province. Istanbul and Antalya are ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey and populated coastal places in Turkey.
Apollo
Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.
Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.
See Istanbul and Aqueduct (water supply)
Aqueduct of Valens
The Aqueduct of Valens (Valens Su Kemeri, lit) was a Roman aqueduct system built in the late 4th century AD, to supply Constantinople – the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Istanbul and aqueduct of Valens are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Aqueduct of Valens
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Arabs in Turkey
Arabs in Turkey (Türkiye Arapları; عرب تركيا) are about 1.5 or 5 million (including the Syrian refugees) citizens or residents of Turkey who are ethnically of Arab descent.
See Istanbul and Arabs in Turkey
Architecture of Istanbul
The architecture of Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures which reflect the many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. Istanbul and architecture of Istanbul are ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Constantinople and roman sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Architecture of Istanbul
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Istanbul and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
See Istanbul and Armenian genocide
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.
See Istanbul and Armenian language
Armenians in Istanbul
Armenians in Istanbul (Bolsahayer; İstanbul Ermenileri) are a major part of the Turkish Armenian community and historically one of the largest ethnic minorities of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Armenians in Istanbul
Armistice of Mudros
The Armistice of Mudros (Mondros Mütarekesi) ended hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. It was signed on 30 October 1918 by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, on board HMS ''Agamemnon'' in Moudros harbour on the Greek island of Lemnos, and it took effect at noon the next day.
See Istanbul and Armistice of Mudros
Arnavutköy
Arnavutköy ('Albanian village'; Mega Revma) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Arnavutköy (district)
Arnavutköy (meaning "Albanian village" in Turkish "Europäische Migranten sind verantwortlich für Ortsnamen wie Arnavutköy («Albanerdorf»)") is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Arnavutköy (district)
Arrondissements of Paris
The City of Paris is divided into twenty arrondissements municipaux, administrative districts, referred to as arrondissements.
See Istanbul and Arrondissements of Paris
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts.
Arter (art center)
Arter is a contemporary art museum in the Dolapdere district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Arter (art center)
Asperity (faults)
An asperity is an area on an active fault where there is increased friction, such that the fault may become locked, rather than continuously slipping as in aseismic creep.
See Istanbul and Asperity (faults)
Assyrian people
Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.
See Istanbul and Assyrian people
Asteraceae
Asteraceae is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales.
Ataşehir
Ataşehir is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 25 km2, and its population is 423,127 (2022). It is located at the junction of the O-2 and O-4 motorways on the Anatolian (Asian) side of Istanbul. Its neighbours are the districts of Ümraniye to the north, Sancaktepe to the northeast, Maltepe to the east, Kadıköy to the south and Üsküdar to the west.
Atatürk Airport
Atatürk Airport is an airport currently in use for private jets.
See Istanbul and Atatürk Airport
Atatürk Olympic Stadium
The Atatürk Olympic Stadium (Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu) is a stadium in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Atatürk Olympic Stadium
ATV (Turkish TV channel)
ATV (stylized as atv) is a Turkish free-to-air television network owned by Turkuvaz Media Group.
See Istanbul and ATV (Turkish TV channel)
Augustaion
The Augustaion (Αὐγουσταῖον) or, in Latin, Augustaeum, was an important ceremonial square in ancient and medieval Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey), roughly corresponding to the modern Aya Sofya Meydanı (Turkish, "Hagia Sophia Square").
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.
See Istanbul and Austria-Hungary
Çırağan Palace
Çırağan Palace (Çırağan Sarayı), a former Ottoman palace, is now a five-star hotel in the Kempinski Hotels chain.
See Istanbul and Çırağan Palace
Çengelköy
Çengelköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Üsküdar, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Çiçek Pasajı
Çiçek Pasajı (Turkish: Flower Passage), originally called the Cité de Péra, is a famous historic passage (galleria or arcade) on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Özyeğin University
Özyeğin University is a private, non-profit university located in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Özyeğin University
Ülker Sports and Event Hall
Fenerbahçe Ülker Sports and Event Hall (Fenerbahçe Ülker Spor ve Etkinlik Salonu) is a multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Ülker Sports and Event Hall
Ümraniye
Ümraniye is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Üsküdar
Üsküdar is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Istanbul and Üsküdar are populated places established in the 7th century BC.
İ
İ, or i, called dotted I or i-dot, is a letter used in the Latin-script alphabets of Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Tatar, and Turkish.
See Istanbul and İ
İDO
İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co.
See Istanbul and İDO
İmam Hatip school
In Turkey, an İmam Hatip school (imam hatip okulu, 'hatip' coming from Arabic khatib) is a secondary education institution.
See Istanbul and İmam Hatip school
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor (basketball)
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor, also known simply as İstanbul BŞB or Istanbul BB, is a professional basketball club based in Istanbul, that plays in the Turkish Basketball Second League, the third tier of Turkey's basketball pyramid.
See Istanbul and İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor (basketball)
İstiklal Avenue
İstiklal Avenue (lit) is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and İstiklal Avenue
İstinye
İstinye is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
İstinye Park
İstinye Park is a shopping center in the İstinye quarter of Istanbul, Turkey with 291 stores, of retail area, and four levels of underground parking.
İzmir
İzmir is a metropolitan city on the west coast of Anatolia, and capital of İzmir Province. Istanbul and İzmir are metropolitan areas of Turkey, populated coastal places in Turkey and roman sites in Turkey.
Şükrü Naili Gökberk
Şükrü Naili Gökberk (1876 in Selanik, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – 26 October 1936 in Edirne, Turkey) was an officer of the Ottoman Army during World War I, reaching the rank of miralay (senior colonel / brigadier) on 1 September 1917; and of the Turkish Army during the Turkish War of Independence, reaching the rank of mirliva (Brigadier General) on 31 August 1922.
See Istanbul and Şükrü Naili Gökberk
Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
The Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium (known for sponsorship reasons as Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi or Ülker Stadium) is a football stadium located in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
Şişli
Şişli is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Bağdat Avenue
Bağdat Avenue (lit) is one of the most important high streets on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Bağdat Avenue
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran. Istanbul and Baghdad are capitals of caliphates and populated places along the Silk Road.
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913.
Balyan family
The Balyan family (Պալեաններ; Balyan ailesi) was a prominent Armenian family in the Ottoman Empire of court architects in the service of Ottoman sultans and other members of the Ottoman dynasty during the 18th and 19th centuries.
See Istanbul and Balyan family
Bankalar Caddesi
Bankalar Caddesi (Banks Street), also known as Voyvoda Caddesi (Voivode Street), in the historic Galata quarter (present-day Karaköy) of the district of Beyoğlu (Pera) in Istanbul, Turkey, was the financial centre of the late Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Bankalar Caddesi
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Istanbul and Baroque architecture
Basil II
Basil II Porphyrogenitus (Βασίλειος Πορφυρογέννητος; 958 – 15 December 1025), nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer (ὁ Βουλγαροκτόνος), was the senior Byzantine emperor from 976 to 1025.
Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern, or Cisterna Basilica (Βασιλική Κινστέρνα, Yerebatan Sarnıcı or label, "Subterranean Cistern" or "Subterranean Palace"), is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns that lie beneath the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Basilica Cistern
Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system.
See Istanbul and Basketbol Süper Ligi
Battle of Plataea
The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
See Istanbul and Battle of Plataea
Bayezid II
Bayezid II (Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī; II.; 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.
Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul
The Bayezid II Mosque (Beyazıt Camii, Bayezid Camii) is an early 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in Beyazıt Square in Istanbul, Turkey, near the ruins of the Forum of Theodosius of ancient Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul
Büyükada
Büyükada (Πρίγκηπος or Πρίγκιπος, rendered Prinkipos or Prinkipo), meaning "Big Island" in Turkish, is the largest of the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul, with an area of about.
Büyükçekmece Basketbol
Büyükçekmece Basketbol, mostly known as ONVO Büyükçekmece for sponsorship reasons, is a Turkish professional basketball club based in Büyükçekmece, Istanbul which plays in the Turkish Basketball Super League.
See Istanbul and Büyükçekmece Basketbol
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Istanbul and BBC
Beşiktaş
Beşiktaş is a district and municipality of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Beşiktaş J.K.
Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü, abbreviated as BJK, is a Turkish professional sports club founded in 1903 that is based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Beşiktaş J.K.
Beşiktaş J.K. (men's basketball)
Beşiktaş Basketbol, for sponsorship reasons Beşiktaş Fibabanka is a Turkish professional basketball team from the city of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Beşiktaş J.K. (men's basketball)
Beşiktaş Stadium
Beşiktaş Stadyumu (currently known as the Tüpraş Stadyumu for sponsorship reasons) is an all-seater, multi-purpose stadium in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Beşiktaş Stadium
Bebek, Beşiktaş
Bebek is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Bebek, Beşiktaş
Belgrad Forest
Belgrad Forest (Belgrad Ormanı) is a mixed deciduous forest lying adjacent to Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Belgrad Forest
Berlin–Baghdad railway
The Baghdad railway, also known as the Berlin–Baghdad railway (Bağdat Demiryolu, Bagdadbahn, سكة حديد بغداد, Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Bagdad), was started in 1903 to connect Berlin with the then Ottoman city of Baghdad, from where the Germans wanted to establish a port on the Persian Gulf, with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.
See Istanbul and Berlin–Baghdad railway
Beykoz
Beykoz, also known as Beicos and Beikos, is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Beylerbeyi
Beylerbeyi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Üsküdar, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Beylerbeyi Palace
The Beylerbeyi Palace (Beylerbeyi Sarayı, literally meaning the palace of the bey of beys) is located in the Beylerbeyi neighbourhood of Üsküdar district in Istanbul, Turkey, at the Asian side of the Bosphorus.
See Istanbul and Beylerbeyi Palace
Beyoğlu
Beyoğlu (script) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Biennale
In the art world, a Biennale, Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is a large-scale international contemporary art exhibition.
Binali Yıldırım
Binali Yıldırım (born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who served as the 27th and last prime minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Speaker of the Grand National Assembly from 2018 to 2019.
See Istanbul and Binali Yıldırım
BJK Akatlar Arena
Akatlar Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Akatlar, Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and BJK Akatlar Arena
BJK İnönü Stadium
İnönü Stadium (İnönü Stadyumu) was a football stadium in Istanbul, Turkey and the home ground of the football club Beşiktaş Previously, the ground had also been shared with Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe The ground was located in Dolmabahçe, close to Dolmabahçe Palace in the district of Beşiktaş, on the European side of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and BJK İnönü Stadium
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
Black Sea Region
The Black Sea Region (Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Black Sea Region
Blue Mosque, Istanbul
| image. Istanbul and Blue Mosque, Istanbul are world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Blue Mosque, Istanbul
Bluefish
The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is the only extant species of the family Pomatomidae.
Boğaziçi University
Boğaziçi University (Turkish: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi), also known as Bosphorus University, is a prominent public research university in Istanbul, Turkey, historically tied to a former American educational institution, Robert College.
See Istanbul and Boğaziçi University
Bodrum Mosque
Bodrum Mosque (Bodrum Camii, or Mesih Paşa Camii named after its converter) in Istanbul, Turkey, is a former Eastern Orthodox church converted into a mosque by the Ottomans.
See Istanbul and Bodrum Mosque
Bonito
Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned predatory fish in the family Scombridae – a family it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and Spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish.
Bornova
Bornova is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey.
Borsa Istanbul
The Borsa İstanbul (abbreviated as BIST) is the sole exchange entity of Turkey combining the former Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) (İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası, IMKB), the Istanbul Gold Exchange (İstanbul Altın Borsası, İAB) and the Derivatives Exchange of Turkey (Vadeli İşlem Opsiyon Borsası, VOB) under one umbrella.
See Istanbul and Borsa Istanbul
Bosnian Crisis
The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (Bosnische Annexionskrise, Bosna Krizi; Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro-Hungarian administration since 1878.
See Istanbul and Bosnian Crisis
Bosphorus Bridge
The Bosphorus Bridge (Boğaziçi Köprüsü), known officially as the 15 July Martyrs Bridge (15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü) and colloquially as the First Bridge (Birinci Köprü), is the oldest and southernmost of the three suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: Boğaziçi) in Istanbul, Turkey, thus connecting Europe and Asia (alongside the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge).
See Istanbul and Bosphorus Bridge
Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul strait, colloquially Boğaz) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey.
Boukoleon Palace
The Palace of Boukoleon (Βουκολέων) or Bucoleon was one of the Byzantine palaces in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul in Turkey.) The palace is located on the shore of the Sea of Marmara, to the south of the Hippodrome and east of the Little Hagia Sophia.
See Istanbul and Boukoleon Palace
Buca
Buca is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey.
Bulgarian Declaration of Independence
The de jure independence of Bulgaria (Nezavisimost na Bǎlgariya) from the Ottoman Empire was proclaimed on in the old capital of Tarnovo by Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, who afterwards took the title "Tsar".
See Istanbul and Bulgarian Declaration of Independence
Burgazada
Burgazada, or Burgaz Adası (Burgaz for short), is the third largest of the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul, Turkey.
Bus rapid transit
Bus rapid transit (BRT), also referred to as a busway or transitway, is a bus-based public transport system designed to have much more capacity, reliability, and other quality features than a conventional bus system.
See Istanbul and Bus rapid transit
Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great established a new Roman capital in Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
See Istanbul and Byzantine architecture
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Istanbul and Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Palaiologos dynasty in the period between 1261 and 1453, from the restoration of Byzantine rule to Constantinople by the usurper Michael VIII Palaiologos following its recapture from the Latin Empire, founded after the Fourth Crusade (1204), up to the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
Byzantium
Byzantium or Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Thracian settlement and later a Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and which is known as Istanbul today. Istanbul and Byzantium are ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey and populated places established in the 7th century BC.
Cağaloğlu
Cağaloğlu is a quarter located in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School
Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School (Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi), in Cağaloğlu, İstanbul, is one of the oldest and internationally renowned high schools of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School
Caddebostan
Caddebostan is a neighbourhood in the Kadıköy district inside the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
Caesar (title)
Caesar (English Caesars; Latin Caesares; in Greek: Καῖσαρ Kaîsar) is a title of imperial character.
See Istanbul and Caesar (title)
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire were contracts between the Ottoman Empire and several other Christian powers, particularly France.
See Istanbul and Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
Capture of Baghdad (1638)
The recapture of Baghdad was the second conquest of the city by the Ottoman Empire as a part of the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639.
See Istanbul and Capture of Baghdad (1638)
Caput Mundi
Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase which literally means "Head of the world" whereas Roma Caput Mundi means "Rome capital of the world" and is one of the many nicknames given to the city of Rome throughout its history.
Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre
The Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre (also called simply Açıkhava Tiyatrosu) is a contemporary amphitheatre located at Harbiye neighborhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre
Central Anatolia Region
The Central Anatolia Region (İç Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Central Anatolia Region
Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) (Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, TCMB) is the central bank of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).
See Istanbul and Central Powers
Cercis siliquastrum
Cercis siliquastrum, commonly known as the Judas tree or Judas-tree, is a small deciduous tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae which is noted for its prolific display of deep pink flowers in spring.
See Istanbul and Cercis siliquastrum
CEV Women's Champions League
The Women's CEV Champions League, formerly known as CEV Champions Cup (from 1960 to 2000), is the top official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year.
See Istanbul and CEV Women's Champions League
Chalcedon
Chalcedon (Χαλκηδών||; sometimes transliterated as Khalqedon) was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor. Istanbul and Chalcedon are populated places established in the 7th century BC.
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
Chang'an
Chang'an is the traditional name of Xi'an. Istanbul and Chang'an are populated places along the Silk Road.
Chestnut
The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae.
Chora Church
The Chora Church or Kariye Mosque (Kariye Camii) is a former church, now converted to a mosque (for the second time), in the Edirnekapı neighborhood of Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey.
Christendom
Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails.
Christianity in the Ottoman Empire
Under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, Christians and Jews were considered dhimmi (meaning "protected") under Ottoman law in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax.
See Istanbul and Christianity in the Ottoman Empire
Church-Mosque of Vefa
Church-Mosque of Vefa (Vefa Kilise Camii, meaning "the church mosque of Vefa", to distinguish it from the other kilise camiler of Istanbul: also known as Molla Gürani Camii after the name of his founder) is a former Eastern Orthodox church converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Church-Mosque of Vefa
Cinema of Turkey
Cinema of Turkey or Turkish cinema (also formerly known as Yeşilçam, which literally means Green Pine in Turkish), or Türk sineması refers to the Turkish film art and industry.
See Istanbul and Cinema of Turkey
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus (Latin for "largest circus"; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy.
See Istanbul and Circus Maximus
Cistern
A cistern is a space excavated in bedrock or soil designed for catching and storing water.
Cistern of Philoxenos
The Cistern of Philoxenos (Κινστέρνα Φιλοξένου), or Binbirdirek Cistern, is a man-made subterranean reservoir in Istanbul, situated between the Forum of Constantine and the Hippodrome of Constantinople in the Sultanahmet district.
See Istanbul and Cistern of Philoxenos
Cistern of the Hebdomon
The Cistern of the Hebdomon (κινστέρνη τοῦ Ἕβδομου), known in Turkish as Fildamı Sarnıcı ("Cistern of the elephant's stable"),Mamboury (1953), p. 326 is a Byzantine open sky water reservoir built in the quarter of the Hebdomon (today's Bakırköy), an outskirt of Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Cistern of the Hebdomon
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
See Istanbul and Climate change
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Istanbul and CNN
CNN Türk
Cable News Network Türk (known as CNN Türk) is a Turkish pay television news channel, launched on 11 October 1999 as the local affiliate of American channel CNN.
Coal-fired power station
A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity.
See Istanbul and Coal-fired power station
Column of Constantine
The Column of Constantine (Çemberlitaş Sütunu; Στήλη τουΚωνσταντίνουΑ΄; Columna Constantini) is a monumental column commemorating the dedication of Constantinople by Roman emperor Constantine the Great on 11 May 330 AD.
See Istanbul and Column of Constantine
Common bottlenose dolphin
The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of three species of bottlenose dolphin in the genus Tursiops.
See Istanbul and Common bottlenose dolphin
Common dolphin
The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million.
See Istanbul and Common dolphin
Commuter rail
Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns.
See Istanbul and Commuter rail
Conservatism
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.
Constantine the Great
Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
See Istanbul and Constantine the Great
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos or Dragaš Palaeologus (Κωνσταντῖνος Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος,; 8 February 140429 May 1453) was the last Roman/Byzantine emperor, reigning from 1449 until his death in battle at the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
See Istanbul and Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Istanbul and Constantinople are capitals of former nations, Holy cities and populated places along the Silk Road.
See Istanbul and Constantinople
Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924
Constantinople: City of the World's Desire 1453-1924 is a 1995 non-fiction book by Philip Mansel, covering Constantinople (now Istanbul) during the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924
Constantius II
Constantius II (Flavius Julius Constantius; Kōnstántios; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361.
See Istanbul and Constantius II
Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
The Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (lit; Constitution ottomane) was in effect from 1876 to 1878 in a period known as the First Constitutional Era, and from 1908 to 1922 in the Second Constitutional Era.
See Istanbul and Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law.
See Istanbul and Constitution of Turkey
A contactless smart card is a contactless credential whose dimensions are credit card size.
See Istanbul and Contactless smart card
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
See Istanbul and COVID-19 pandemic
Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between the Russian Empire and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia-Piedmont.
Cumhuriyet
Cumhuriyet (English: "Republic") is the oldest up-market Turkish daily newspaper.
Cupressus sempervirens
Cupressus sempervirens, the Mediterranean cypress (also known as Italian cypress, Tuscan cypress, Persian cypress, or pencil pine), is a species of cypress native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Iran.
See Istanbul and Cupressus sempervirens
Daily Sabah
The Daily Sabah is a Turkish pro-government daily newspaper, published in Turkey.
Damat Ferid Pasha
Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha (محمد عادل فريد پاشا Damat Ferit Paşa;‎ 1853 – 6 October 1923), known simply as Damat Ferid Pasha, was an Ottoman liberal statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier, the de facto prime minister of the Ottoman Empire, during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920.
See Istanbul and Damat Ferid Pasha
Darüşşafaka Basketbol
Darüşşafaka Basketbol (Darüşşafaka Basketball), commonly also known as Daçka Basketbol or simply Daçka, also known as Darüşşafaka Lassa for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club that is based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Darüşşafaka Basketbol
Davut Gül
Davut Gül is a Turkish bureaucrat and the current Governor of Istanbul.
Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
In the late 18th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers.
See Istanbul and Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
Deesis
In Byzantine art, and in later Eastern Orthodox art generally, the Deësis or Deisis (δέησις, "prayer" or "supplication") is a traditional iconic representation of Christ in Majesty or Christ Pantocrator: enthroned, carrying a book, and flanked by the Virgin Mary and St.
Delian League
The Delian League was a confederacy of Greek city-states, numbering between 150 and 330, founded in 478 BC under the leadership (hegemony) of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.
See Istanbul and Delian League
Delphi
Delphi, in legend previously called Pytho (Πυθώ), was an ancient sacred precinct and the seat of Pythia, the major oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world.
Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone).
See Istanbul and Demersal fish
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
The deportation of Armenian intellectuals is conventionally held to mark the beginning of the Armenian genocide.
See Istanbul and Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
Deutsche Schule Istanbul
Deutsche Schule Istanbul (German School of Istanbul, shortened as DSI), with formal Turkish name Özel Alman Lisesi (Private German High School) or İstanbul Alman Lisesi (German High School of Istanbul) or simply Alman Lisesi (German High School) is a private international high school in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Deutsche Schule Istanbul
Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency
The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, also abbreviated as AFAD) reviewed in 10.11.2011 is a governmental disaster management agency operating under the Turkish Ministry of Interior.
See Istanbul and Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency
Dolmabahçe Palace
Dolmabahçe Palace (Dolmabahçe Sarayı) located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Bosporus strait, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922 (Yıldız Palace was used in the interim period).
See Istanbul and Dolmabahçe Palace
Dotless I
I, or ı, called dotless i, is a letter used in the Latin-script alphabets of Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Tatar and Turkish.
Dubai
Dubai (translit) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the country's seven emirates.
Earthquake casualty estimation
Recent advances are improving the speed and accuracy of loss estimates immediately after earthquakes (within less than an hour) so that injured people may be rescued more efficiently.
See Istanbul and Earthquake casualty estimation
Earthquake preparedness
Preparations for earthquakes can consist of survival measures, preparation that will improve survival in the event of an earthquake, or mitigating measures, that seek to minimise the effect of an earthquake.Common survival measures include storing food and water for an emergency, and educating individuals what to do during an earthquake.
See Istanbul and Earthquake preparedness
Eastern Anatolia Region
The Eastern Anatolia Region (Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Eastern Anatolia Region
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
See Istanbul and Eastern Orthodox Church
Economy of Turkey
Turkey is a founding member of the OECD and G20.
See Istanbul and Economy of Turkey
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit is the professional women's volleyball department of Eczacıbaşı S.K., a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Eczacıbaşı Dynavit
Edge city
An edge city is a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown or central business district, in what had previously been a suburban residential or rural area.
Edirne
Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Adrianoúpolis), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Istanbul and Edirne are roman sites in Turkey.
Ekrem İmamoğlu
Ekrem İmamoğlu (born 3 June 1971) is a Turkish businessman, real estate developer, and social democratic politician serving as the 32nd Mayor of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Ekrem İmamoğlu
Electric utility
An electric utility, or a power company, is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market.
See Istanbul and Electric utility
Electrical telegraph
Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.
See Istanbul and Electrical telegraph
Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae.
See Istanbul and Elm
Emergency management
Emergency management (also disaster management) is a science and a system charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.
See Istanbul and Emergency management
Emirgan Park
The Emirgan Park (Emirgan Korusu or rarely Emirgan Parkı) is a historical urban park located at the Emirgan neighbourhood in the Sarıyer district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Bosphorus.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Istanbul and Encyclopædia Britannica
Erzurum Province
Erzurum Province (Erzurum ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Erzurum Province
Eski Imaret Mosque
The Eski Imaret Mosque (Eski Imaret Camii) is a former Byzantine church converted into a mosque by the Ottomans.
See Istanbul and Eski Imaret Mosque
Estray
Estray, in common law, is any domestic animal found wandering at large or lost, particularly if the owner is unknown.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.
See Istanbul and Ethnic cleansing
Eurasia Tunnel
The Eurasia Tunnel (Avrasya Tüneli) is a road tunnel in Istanbul, Turkey, crossing underneath the Bosphorus Strait.
See Istanbul and Eurasia Tunnel
EuroBasket 2001
The 2001 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2001, was the 32nd FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2002 FIBA World Championship, giving a berth to the top four (or five, depending on Serbia reaching one of the top four places) teams in the final standings.
See Istanbul and EuroBasket 2001
Euromonitor International
Euromonitor International Ltd is a London-based market research company founded in 1972.
See Istanbul and Euromonitor International
European anchovy
The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is a forage fish somewhat related to the herring.
See Istanbul and European anchovy
European Capital of Culture
A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension.
See Istanbul and European Capital of Culture
European Le Mans Series
The European Le Mans Series (abbreviated as ELMS) is a European sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race and organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).
See Istanbul and European Le Mans Series
European route E80
European route E80, also known as the Trans-European Motorway or TEM, is an A-Class West-East European route, extending from Lisbon, Portugal to Gürbulak, Turkey, on the border with Iran.
See Istanbul and European route E80
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.
Evliya Çelebi
Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands during the empire's cultural zenith.
See Istanbul and Evliya Çelebi
Exchange (organized market)
An exchange, bourse, trading exchange or trading venue is an organized market where (especially) tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange, futures, and options contracts are bought and sold.
See Istanbul and Exchange (organized market)
Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
The expulsion of Istanbul Greeks (or 1964 Rum Sürgünü) in 1964–1965 was a series of discriminatory measures by the authorities of the Republic of Turkey aimed at the forced expulsion of the Greek population of Istanbul (translit).
See Istanbul and Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
Eye surgery
Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa.
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Fall of Constantinople
Fatih
Fatih is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Fatih Mosque, Istanbul
The large Fatih Mosque (Fatih Camii, "Conqueror's Mosque" in English) is an Ottoman mosque off Fevzi Paşa Caddesi in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Fatih Mosque, Istanbul
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge ("Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror Bridge"; Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü, abbreviated as F.S.M. Köprüsü), also known as the Second Bosphorus Bridge (İkinci Köprü), is a bridge in Istanbul, Turkey spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: Boğaziçi).
See Istanbul and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
Fenari Isa Mosque
Fenâri Îsâ Mosque (full name in Molla Fenâri Îsâ Câmîi), known in Byzantine times as the Lips Monastery (Μονὴ τοῦ Λιβός), is a mosque in Istanbul, made of two former Eastern Orthodox churches.
See Istanbul and Fenari Isa Mosque
Fenerbahçe S.K.
Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Fenerbahçe Sports Club), commonly known as Fenerbahçe or simply Fener, is a Turkish professional multi-sport club based in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Fenerbahçe S.K.
Fenerbahçe S.K. (basketball)
Fenerbahçe Basketball, commonly referred as Fenerbahçe or Fenerbahce Istanbul in European matches, currently also known as Fenerbahçe Beko for sponsorship reasons, are a professional basketball team and the men's basketball department of Fenerbahçe S.K., a major Turkish multi-sport club based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Fenerbahçe S.K. (basketball)
Fenerbahçe S.K. (women's volleyball)
Fenerbahçe Women's Volleyball, commonly known as Fenerbahçe and officially known as Fenerbahçe Medicana for commercial reasons, are the professional women's volleyball department of Fenerbahçe SK, a major Turkish multi-sport club based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Fenerbahçe S.K. (women's volleyball)
Feral cats in Istanbul
The Turkish city of Istanbul hosts a sizeable feral cat (Turkish: sokak kedisi, "street cat") population, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats.
See Istanbul and Feral cats in Istanbul
Feral parrot
A feral parrot is a parrot that has adapted to life in an ecosystem to which it is not native.
Feridun Ahmed Bey
Feridun Ahmed Bey (died 16 March 1583) was an influential Ottoman official, bureaucrat, author and military officer, best known for his service in the government of Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (1565–1579).
See Istanbul and Feridun Ahmed Bey
Ferries in Istanbul
Ferries in Istanbul are a mode of public transportation within and surrounding the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Ferries in Istanbul
Fethi Paşa Korusu
Fethi Paşa Korusu (Fethi Pasha Grove) is a large park in Istanbul, Turkey, on the hillside coming right down to the Bosphorus shore in the area called Paşalimanı.
See Istanbul and Fethi Paşa Korusu
First seven ecumenical councils
In the history of Christianity, the first seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the Third Council of Constantinople from 680 to 681 and finally, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
See Istanbul and First seven ecumenical councils
Fish migration
Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another.
See Istanbul and Fish migration
FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
The FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship is an international women's club volleyball competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body.
See Istanbul and FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship
The Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship (also F1) is an international motorboat racing competition for powerboats organised by the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) and promoted by H2O Racing, hence it often being referred to as F1H2O.
See Istanbul and Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship
Forum of Constantine
The Forum of Constantine (Fóros Konstantínou; Forum Constantini) was built at the foundation of Constantinople immediately outside the old city walls of Byzantium.
See Istanbul and Forum of Constantine
Fountain of Ahmed III
The Fountain of Sultan Ahmed III (III.) is a fountain (specifically a sebil) in the great square in front of the Imperial Gate of Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Fountain of Ahmed III
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. Istanbul and Fourth Crusade are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Fourth Crusade
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.
Fraxinus
Fraxinus, commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.
Freedom of navigation
Freedom of navigation (FON) is a principle of law of the sea that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law.
See Istanbul and Freedom of navigation
From Russia with Love (film)
From Russia with Love is a 1963 spy film and the second in the ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions, as well as Sean Connery's second role as MI6 agent 007 James Bond.
See Istanbul and From Russia with Love (film)
Funicular
A funicular is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope.
Galata
Galata is the former name of the Karaköy neighbourhood in Istanbul, which is located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn.
Galata Tower
The Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi), officially the Galata Tower Museum (Galata Kulesi Müzesi), is an old Genoese tower in the Galata part of the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Galataport
Galataport is a mixed-use development located along of shore in the Karaköy (formerly called Galata) neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey on the European shore of the Bosporus strait near its confluence with the Golden Horn right in the heart of the city.
Galatasaray High School
Galatasaray High School; Galatasaray Lisesi, Lycée de Galatasaray), established in Istanbul in 1481, is the oldest high school in Turkey. It is also the second-oldest Turkish educational institution after Istanbul University, which was established in 1453. The name Galatasaray means Galata Palace, as the school is located at the far end of Galata, the medieval Genoese enclave above the Golden Horn in what is now the district of Beyoğlu.
See Istanbul and Galatasaray High School
Galatasaray S.K.
Galatasaray Spor Kulübü (Galatasaray Sports Club), more commonly referred to as simply Galatasaray and familiarly as Gala, is a Turkish sports club based on the European side of the city of Istanbul including basketball, wheelchair basketball, volleyball, water polo, handball, athletics, swimming, rowing, sailing, judo, bridge, motorsport, equestrian, esports, and chess.
See Istanbul and Galatasaray S.K.
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray S.K., is a professional basketball team based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray University
Galatasaray University (Galatasaray Üniversitesi, Université Galatasaray) is a Turkish university established in Istanbul, Turkey in 1992, following an agreement signed in the presence of President François Mitterrand of France and President Turgut Özal of Turkey during a ceremony at Galatasaray High School, the mother school of the university.
See Istanbul and Galatasaray University
Galleria Ataköy
Galleria Ataköy, the first modern shopping mall in Turkey, is situated in the western suburb of Ataköy, Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Galleria Ataköy
Gazete Duvar
Duvar is an online news portal which focuses mainly on Turkish politics.
Gül Mosque
Gül Mosque (Gül Camii, meaning Rose Mosque' in English) is a former Byzantine church in Istanbul, Turkey, converted into a mosque by the Ottomans.
Gülhane Park
Gülhane Park (Gülhane Parkı, "Rosehouse Park") is a historical urban park in the Eminönü district of Istanbul, Turkey; it is adjacent to and on the grounds of the Topkapı Palace.
Gebze
Gebze, formerly known as Libyssa, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey.
Gecekondu
, meaning 'put up overnight' (plural), is a Turkish word meaning a house put up quickly without proper permissions, a squatter's house, and by extension, a shanty or shack.
General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
The General Assembly (French romanization: "Medjliss Oumoumi" or Genel Parlamento; Assemblée Générale) was the first attempt at representative democracy by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
Gentrification
Gentrification is the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents (the "gentry") and investment.
See Istanbul and Gentrification
Geographic top-level domain
A geographic top-level domain (often shortened as geographic TLD or geoTLD) is any of an unofficial group of top-level domains in the Domain Name System of the Internet using the name of or invoking an association with a geographical, geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community.
See Istanbul and Geographic top-level domain
Geographical regions of Turkey
The geographical regions of Turkey comprise seven regions (bölge), which were originally defined at the country's First Geography Congress in 1941.
See Istanbul and Geographical regions of Turkey
Gezi Park
Gezi Park is an urban park next to Taksim Square, in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district (historically known as Pera).
Gezi Park protests
A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park.
See Istanbul and Gezi Park protests
Giovanni Scognamillo
Giovanni Scognamillo (25 April 1929 – 8 October 2016) was a Turkish Levantine film critic.
See Istanbul and Giovanni Scognamillo
Giresun Province
Giresun Province (Giresun ili; Գիրեսունի գավառ) is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast.
See Istanbul and Giresun Province
Golden Horn
The Golden Horn (Altın Boynuz or Haliç; Χρυσόκερας, Chrysókeras; Sinus Ceratinus) is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Golden Horn are Constantinople.
Governor of Istanbul
The governor of Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul Valiliği) is the civil service state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Governor of Istanbul
Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
The Grand Bazaar (Kapalıçarşı, meaning ‘Covered Market’; also Büyük Çarşı, meaning ‘Grand Market’Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 345.) in Istanbul is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world, with 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shopsMüller-Wiener (1977), p.
See Istanbul and Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament (Meclis or Parlamento), is the unicameral Turkish legislature.
See Istanbul and Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Grand vizier
Grand vizier (vazîr-i aʾzam; sadr-ı aʾzam; sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world.
Graupel
Graupel, also called soft hail or snow pellets, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets in air are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes, forming balls of crisp, opaque rime.
Great Palace Mosaic Museum
The Great Palace Mosaic Museum (Büyük Saray Mozaikleri Müzesi), is located close to Sultanahmet Square in Istanbul, Turkey, at Arasta Bazaar.
See Istanbul and Great Palace Mosaic Museum
Great Palace of Constantinople
The Great Palace of Constantinople (Μέγα Παλάτιον, Méga Palátion; Palatium Magnum), also known as the Sacred Palace (Ἱερὸν Παλάτιον, Hieròn Palátion; Sacrum Palatium), was the large imperial Byzantine palace complex located in the south-eastern end of the peninsula now known as Old Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), in modern Turkey. Istanbul and Great Palace of Constantinople are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Great Palace of Constantinople
Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.
See Istanbul and Greco-Persian Wars
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Istanbul and Greek language
Greek Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Roman Empire.
See Istanbul and Greek Orthodox Church
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Istanbul and Gross domestic product
GSM
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets.
See Istanbul and GSM
Habertürk
Habertürk (literally: "News Turkish"), abbreviated as HT, was a high-circulation Turkish newspaper.
Hagia Irene
Hagia Irene (Αγία Ειρήνη) or Hagia Eirene (Ἁγία Εἰρήνη, "Holy Peace", Aya İrini), sometimes known also as Saint Irene, is an Eastern Orthodox church located in the outer courtyard of Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Hagia Sophia are world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
Hair transplantation
Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body known as the 'recipient site'.
See Istanbul and Hair transplantation
Halkalı railway station
Halkalı station (Halkalı garı) is the westernmost station on the Marmaray line as well as in Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Halkalı railway station
Harbour of Eleutherios
The Harbour of Eleutherios, originally known as the Harbour of Theodosius (Portus Theodosiacus) was one of the ports of ancient Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, located beneath the modern Yenikapi neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Harbour of Eleutherios are archaeological sites in the Marmara Region.
See Istanbul and Harbour of Eleutherios
Harbour porpoise
The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of eight extant species of porpoise.
See Istanbul and Harbour porpoise
Harmful algal bloom
A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means.
See Istanbul and Harmful algal bloom
Haydarpaşa railway station
Haydarpaşa station (Haydarpaşa Garı) is a railway station in Istanbul, that was, until 2012 the main city terminal for trains travelling to and from the Anatolian side of Turkey. Istanbul and Haydarpaşa railway station are ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Haydarpaşa railway station
Hürriyet
Hürriyet (Liberty) is a major Turkish newspaper, founded in 1948.
Hürriyet Daily News
The Hürriyet Daily News, formerly Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review and Turkish Daily News, is the oldest current English-language daily in Turkey, founded in 1961.
See Istanbul and Hürriyet Daily News
Hejaz railway
The Hejaz railway (also spelled Hedjaz or Hijaz; سِكَّة حَدِيد الحِجَاز or الخَط الحَدِيدِي الحِجَازِي, حجاز دمیریولی, Hicaz Demiryolu) was a narrow-gauge railway (track gauge) that ran from Damascus to Medina, through the Hejaz region of modern day Saudi Arabia, with a branch line to Haifa on the Mediterranean Sea.
See Istanbul and Hejaz railway
Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.
Heybeliada
Heybeliada, or Heybeli Ada, is the second largest of the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul, Turkey.
Hezarfen Airfield
Hezarfen Airfield (Hezarfen Havaalanı) is a privately owned airport for general aviation in the Çatalca district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Hezarfen Airfield
Hippodrome of Constantinople
The Hippodrome of Constantinople (Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs; Circus Maximus Constantinopolitanus; Hipodrom), was a circus that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. Istanbul and Hippodrome of Constantinople are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Hippodrome of Constantinople
Historic Areas of Istanbul
The Historic Areas of Istanbul are a group of sites in the capital district of Fatih in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Historic Areas of Istanbul are world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Historic Areas of Istanbul
History of the Jews in Europe
The history of the Jews in Europe spans a period of over two thousand years.
See Istanbul and History of the Jews in Europe
HMS Malaya
HMS Malaya was one of five s built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s.
Horse mackerel
Horse mackerel is a vague vernacular term for a range of species of fish throughout the English-speaking world.
See Istanbul and Horse mackerel
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Istanbul and Human Development Index
Humid temperate climate
The humid temperate climate is a temperate climate sub-type mainly located at mid latitudes.
See Istanbul and Humid temperate climate
IHH (Turkish NGO)
IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation (İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı; full: İnsan Hak ve Hürriyetleri ve İnsani Yardım Vakfı, in English: The Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief) or İHH is a conservative Turkish GONGO, active in more than 120 countries.
See Istanbul and IHH (Turkish NGO)
International Air Transport Association code
IATA codes are abbreviations that the International Air Transport Association (IATA) publishes to facilitate air travel.
See Istanbul and International Air Transport Association code
The International Council of Shopping Centers, doing business as ICSC, is the global trade association of what it calls the "Marketplaces Industry" (i.e., shopping centers, shopping malls, and all other retail real estate).
See Istanbul and International Council of Shopping Centers
International Istanbul Film Festival
The Istanbul Film Festival (İstanbul Film Festivali) is the first and oldest international film festival in Turkey, organised by the Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts.
See Istanbul and International Istanbul Film Festival
Introduced species
An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, directly or indirectly, and either deliberately or accidentally.
See Istanbul and Introduced species
Invasive species
An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.
See Istanbul and Invasive species
Iran–Turkey border
The Iran–Turkey border (مرز ترکیه و ایران; İran–Türkiye sınırı) is in length, and runs from the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the north to the tripoint with Iraq in the south.
See Istanbul and Iran–Turkey border
Irreligion in Turkey
Irreligion in Turkey refers to the extent of the lack, rejection of, or indifference towards religion in the Republic of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Irreligion in Turkey
Islamic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it.
See Istanbul and Islamic calligraphy
Isma'il Pasha of Egypt
Isma'il Pasha (إسماعيل باشا; 12 January 1830 – 2 March 1895), also known as 'Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain and France.
See Istanbul and Isma'il Pasha of Egypt
Istanbul
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia. Istanbul and Istanbul are ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, capitals of caliphates, capitals of former nations, Constantinople, Holy cities, metropolitan areas of Turkey, populated coastal places in Turkey, populated places along the Silk Road, populated places established in the 7th century BC, port cities and towns in Turkey, roman sites in Turkey, Transcontinental cities and world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
Istanbul (1st electoral district)
Istanbul's first electoral district is one of three divisions of the Istanbul electoral district for the purpose of elections to Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul (1st electoral district)
Istanbul (electoral districts)
Istanbul is a Turkish province divided into three electoral districts of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul (electoral districts)
Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han
The Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han is a historical large office building located in the Sirkeci neighbourhood of the Eminönü quarter within the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul Airport (İstanbul Havalimanı) is the larger of two international airports serving Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Airport
Istanbul Archaeology Museums
The Istanbul Archaeology Museums (İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri) are a group of three archaeological museums located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey, near Gülhane Park and Topkapı Palace.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Archaeology Museums
Istanbul Biennial
The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially in Istanbul, Turkey, since 1987.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Biennial
Istanbul Canal
The Istanbul Canal (Kanal İstanbul) is a project for an artificial sea-level waterway planned by Turkey in East Thrace, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, and thus to the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Canal
Istanbul Central Business District
Istanbul's Central Business District as the real estate industry refers to it, is not the historic city center, but a 7-km-long north–south corridor of modern areas mostly along Barbaros Boulevard and Büyükdere Avenue.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Central Business District
Istanbul Cevahir
The Istanbul Cevahir Shopping and Entertainment Centre (İstanbul Cevahir Alışveriş Merkezi), also known as the Şişli Culture and Trade Centre (Şişli Kültür ve Ticaret Merkezi), is a modern shopping mall located on the Büyükdere Avenue in the Şişli district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Cevahir
Istanbul Financial Center
The Istanbul Financial Center (IFC), is a financial district serving banks, autonomous public institutions, multi-national companies and their related back offices and service firms.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Financial Center
Istanbul High School
Istanbul High School (İstanbul Lisesi, Istanbuler Gymnasium), also commonly known as Istanbul Boys' High School (İstanbul Erkek Lisesi, abbreviated İEL), is one of the oldest and internationally renowned high schools of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul High School
Istanbul International Music Festival
The Istanbul International Music Festival, formerly Istanbul Festival, (Uluslararası İstanbul Müzik Festivali) is a cultural event held every June and July in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul International Music Festival
Istanbul Jazz Festival
The Istanbul Jazz Festival, formerly Istanbul Festival, (İstanbul Caz Festivali) is a cultural event held every July in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Jazz Festival
Istanbul Metro
The Istanbul Metro (İstanbul metrosu) is a rapid transit railway network that serves the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Metro
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, İBB) is the government agency in charge of the municipal affairs of the Istanbul Province.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Istanbul Modern
Istanbul Modern, a.k.a. Istanbul Museum of Modern Art, (İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi) is a contemporary art gallery located inside the Galataport complex in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Modern
Istanbul Museum of Painting and Sculpture
The Istanbul Painting and Sculpture Museum (İstanbul Resim ve Heykel Müzesi) is a museum in the Tophane area of European Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Museum of Painting and Sculpture
Istanbul nostalgic tramways
The Istanbul nostalgic tramways are two heritage tramlines in the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul nostalgic tramways
Istanbul Park
Istanbul Park (İstanbul Park), also known as the Istanbul Racing Circuit or initially as the Istanbul Otodrom, is a motor sports race track in the Tuzla district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Park
Istanbul pogrom
The Istanbul pogrom, also known as the Istanbul riots, were a series of state-sponsored anti-Greek mob attacks directed primarily at Istanbul's Greek minority on 6–7 September 1955.
See Istanbul and Istanbul pogrom
Istanbul Pride
Istanbul Pride (İstanbul Onur Yürüyüşü) is a pride parade and LGBT demonstration held annually in Turkey's biggest city, Istanbul since 2003.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Pride
Istanbul Sapphire
Istanbul Sapphire, or Sapphire, is a skyscraper located in the central business district of Levent in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Sapphire
The Istanbul Shopping Fest is an annual shopping festival held in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Shopping Fest
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul Technical University, also known as Technical University of Istanbul (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, commonly referred to as İTÜ), is an international technical university located in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul Tram
The Istanbul Tram (İstanbul Tramvayı) is a modern tram system on the European side of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Istanbul Tram
Istanbul University
Istanbul University, also known as University of Istanbul (İstanbul Üniversitesi), is a prominent public research university located in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Istanbul University
Istanbulkart
Istanbulkart is a contactless smart card for fare payment on public transport in Istanbul, Turkey.
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912.
See Istanbul and Italo-Turkish War
Iznik pottery
Iznik pottery, or Iznik ware, named after the town of İznik in Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century.
See Istanbul and Iznik pottery
Jamal Khashoggi
Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi (Jamāl ʾAḥmad Ḵāšuqjī,; 13 October 1958 – 2 October 2018) was a Saudi journalist, dissident, author, columnist for Middle East Eye and The Washington Post, and a general manager and editor-in-chief of Al-Arab News Channel who was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government at the behest of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
See Istanbul and Jamal Khashoggi
Jamanak
Jamanak (Ժամանակ) is the longest continuously running Armenian language daily newspaper in the world.
Joint Commission
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs.
See Istanbul and Joint Commission
Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym djudeoespanyol, Hebrew script), also known as Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish.
See Istanbul and Judaeo-Spanish
June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election
The June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election was held on 23 June 2019.
See Istanbul and June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election
Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi,; AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democratic.
See Istanbul and Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
Justinian I
Justinian I (Iūstīniānus,; Ioustinianós,; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
Kağıthane
Kağıthane (also Kâğıthane), formerly Sadâbad (translit) and Glykà Nerà (Greek: Γλυκά Νερά,, 'sweet waters') is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Kabataş Boys High School
Kabataş Boys High School (Kabataş Erkek Lisesi; Kabataş Mekteb-i İdâdisi) is one of the oldest and most prominent high schools in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Kabataş Boys High School
Kabataş, Beyoğlu
Kabataş is a busy waterside area of Beyoğlu municipality on the European shore of the Bosphorus between Karaköy and Beşiktaş in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Kabataş, Beyoğlu
Kadıköy
Kadıköy is a municipality and district on the Asian side of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Kadıköy (Istanbul Metro)
Kadıköy is the western terminal station on the M4 line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and Kadıköy (Istanbul Metro)
Kaifeng
Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China.
Kalenderhane Mosque
Kalenderhane Mosque (Kalenderhane Camii) is a former Eastern Orthodox church in Istanbul, converted into a mosque by the Ottomans.
See Istanbul and Kalenderhane Mosque
Kanal D
Kanal D (English: Channel D) is a nationwide television channel in Turkey and part of Demirören Group.
Kanyon (meaning Canyon in Turkish) is a multi-purpose complex located on the Büyükdere Avenue in the Levent business district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Kanyon Shopping Mall
Karaköy
Karaköy, the modern name for the old Galata, is a commercial quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, located at the northern part of the Golden Horn mouth on the European side of Bosphorus.
Karşıyaka
Karşıyaka is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Istanbul and Karşıyaka are populated coastal places in Turkey.
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt.
Kartal
Kartal is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Kastamonu Province
Kastamonu Province (Kastamonu ili) is a province of Turkey, in the Black Sea region in the north of the country.
See Istanbul and Kastamonu Province
Küçüksu Pavilion
Küçüksu Pavilion (Küçüksu Kasrı), Littlewater Pavilion a.k.a. Göksu (Skywater) Pavilion, is a summer pavilion in Istanbul, Turkey, situated in the Küçüksu neighborhood of Beykoz district on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus between Anadoluhisarı and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.
See Istanbul and Küçüksu Pavilion
Kınalıada
Kınalıada (Turkish for: Henna Island; Proti, 'first', known classically in English as Prote) is the fourth smallest inhabited island in the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara; near Istanbul, Turkey.
Kebab
Kebab (كباب, kabāb, كباب,; kebap), kabob (North American), kebap, or kabab (Kashmir) is a variety of roasted meat dishes that originated in the Middle East.
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (also referred to by his initials KK; born 17 December 1948) is a Turkish politician and former leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP).
See Istanbul and Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
Kemal Reis
Kemal Reis (c. 1451 – 1511) was an Ottoman privateer and admiral.
Khedivate of Egypt
The Khedivate of Egypt (or خُدَيْوِيَّةُ مِصْرَ,; خدیویت مصر) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt.
See Istanbul and Khedivate of Egypt
Kireçburnu, Sarıyer
Kireçburnu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Kireçburnu, Sarıyer
Koç University
Koç University (Koç Üniversitesi) is a non-profit private university in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Koç University
KONDA Research and Consultancy
KONDA Research and Consultancy (KONDA Araştırma ve Danışmanlık) is an anonymous company in Turkey that specialises in public opinion polling and consultancy.
See Istanbul and KONDA Research and Consultancy
Kozyatağı
Kozyatağı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kadıköy, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Kumkapı
Kumkapı (meaning "sand gate" in Turkish) is a quarter in Fatih district of Istanbul.
Kurds in Istanbul
The total number of Kurds in Istanbul is estimated variously from 3 to 4 million.
See Istanbul and Kurds in Istanbul
Kuruçeşme
Kuruçeşme is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Lake Büyükçekmece
Lake Büyükçekmece (Büyükçekmece Gölü) is a liman formed at the point where the river Karasudere flows into the Marmara Sea.
See Istanbul and Lake Büyükçekmece
Lake Küçükçekmece
Lake Küçükçekmece (Küçükçekmece Gölü) is a lagoon located between the Küçükçekmece, Esenyurt and Avcılar districts of the European portion of Istanbul Province, northwestern Turkey. Istanbul and Lake Küçükçekmece are archaeological sites in the Marmara Region.
See Istanbul and Lake Küçükçekmece
Lake-effect snow
Lake-effect snow is produced during cooler atmospheric conditions when a cold air mass moves across long expanses of warmer lake water.
See Istanbul and Lake-effect snow
Landline
A landline (land line, land-line, main line, fixed-line, and wireline) is a telephone connection that uses metal wires from the owner's premises also referred to as: POTS, Twisted pair, telephone line or public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Lateran Obelisk
The Lateran Obelisk is the largest standing ancient Egyptian obelisk in the world, and it is also the tallest obelisk in Italy.
See Istanbul and Lateran Obelisk
Latin Church in the Middle East
The Latin Church of the Catholic Church has several dispersed populations of members in the Middle East, notably in Turkey, Cyprus and the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan).
See Istanbul and Latin Church in the Middle East
Latin Empire
The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire.
Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves.
See Istanbul and Laurus nobilis
Levent
Levent is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Liceo Italiano di Istanbul
The Liceo Italiano Statale Istanbul (Özel İtalyan Lisesi) or the Istituti Medi Italiani (I.M.I.), popularly known as Liceo Italiano in Italian and İtalyan Lisesi in Turkish, is under legislation a private school which is situated in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Liceo Italiano di Istanbul
Life zones of the Mediterranean region
The climate and ecology of land immediately surrounding the Mediterranean Sea is influenced by several factors.
See Istanbul and Life zones of the Mediterranean region
Lisbon
Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.
List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
The world's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by total passengers provided by the Airports Council International, defined as passengers enplaned plus passengers deplaned plus direct-transit passengers.
See Istanbul and List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
List of cities by GDP
This is a list of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP).
See Istanbul and List of cities by GDP
List of cities by international visitors
This is a list of the top 100 cities ranked by the number of international visitors, including all international arrivals by land, air, and sea, for tourist or business purposes.
See Istanbul and List of cities by international visitors
The list of cities with most skyscrapers ranks cities around the world by their number of skyscrapers.
See Istanbul and List of cities with the most skyscrapers
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.
See Istanbul and List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of districts of Istanbul
This is a list of districts of Istanbul in Turkey (İstanbul'un ilçeleri) as of 31 December 2023.
See Istanbul and List of districts of Istanbul
List of European cities by population within city limits
The largest cities in Europe have official populations of over one million inhabitants within their city boundaries.
See Istanbul and List of European cities by population within city limits
List of high schools in Istanbul
The list of high schools in Istanbul lists high schools within the city limits of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and List of high schools in Istanbul
List of largest cities
The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.
See Istanbul and List of largest cities
List of largest cities and towns in Turkey
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Turkey by population, which includes cities and towns that are provincial capitals or have a population of at least 7,000.
See Istanbul and List of largest cities and towns in Turkey
List of largest cities throughout history
This article lists the largest human settlements in the world (by population) over time, as estimated by historians, from 7000 BC when the largest human settlement was a proto-city in the Ancient Near East with a population of about 1,000–2,000 people, to the year 2000 when the largest human settlement was Tokyo with 26 million.
See Istanbul and List of largest cities throughout history
List of largest European cities in history
Over the centuries, cities in Europe have changed a great deal, rising and falling in size and influence.
See Istanbul and List of largest European cities in history
List of mayors of Istanbul
This is a list of mayors of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and List of mayors of Istanbul
List of metropolitan areas in Europe
This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.
See Istanbul and List of metropolitan areas in Europe
List of mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty
The list below contains some of the most important mosques in modern-day Turkey that were commissioned by the members of Ottoman imperial family.
See Istanbul and List of mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty
List of people from Istanbul
This is a list of notable people hailing from the city of Istanbul.
See Istanbul and List of people from Istanbul
This is a list of notable historical and modern shopping malls in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and List of shopping malls in Istanbul
List of tallest buildings in Istanbul
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, and is the country's economic and social center.
See Istanbul and List of tallest buildings in Istanbul
List of the busiest airports in Europe
This is a list of the 100 busiest airports in Europe, ranked by total passengers per year, including both terminal and transit passengers.
See Istanbul and List of the busiest airports in Europe
List of Turkish regions by Human Development Index
This is a list of Turkish NUTS1 statistical regions by Human Development Index as of 2023 with data for the year 2021.
See Istanbul and List of Turkish regions by Human Development Index
List of universities in Turkey
This is a list of universities in Turkey.
See Istanbul and List of universities in Turkey
Little Hagia Sophia
The Little Hagia Sophia mosque (Küçük Ayasofya Camii), formerly the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus (Ekklēsía tôn Hagíōn Sergíou kaì Bákchou en toîs Hormísdou), is a former Greek Orthodox church dedicated to Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople (modern Istanbul), built between 532 and 536, and converted into a mosque during the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul and Little Hagia Sophia are world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Little Hagia Sophia
London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
Lord Chancellor
The Lord Chancellor, formally titled Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister.
See Istanbul and Lord Chancellor
Low-cost carrier
A low-cost carrier (LCC) or low-cost airline, also called no-frills, budget, or discount carrier or airline, is an airline that is operated with an emphasis on minimizing operating costs.
See Istanbul and Low-cost carrier
Low-emission zone
A low-emission zone (LEZ) is a defined area where access by some polluting vehicles is restricted or deterred with the aim of improving air quality.
See Istanbul and Low-emission zone
Luxor
Luxor (lit) is a city in Upper Egypt, which includes the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes.
Lycée Saint-Joseph, Istanbul
Lycée Saint-Joseph (İstanbul Özel Saint-Joseph Fransız Lisesi) is a private high school located in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Lycée Saint-Joseph, Istanbul
M1 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M1, officially referred to as the M1 Yenikapı–Atatürk Airport/Kirazlı metro line (M1 Yenikapı–Atatürk Havalimanı/Kirazlı metro hattı), also known as the Istanbul Light Metro (Hafif Metro), is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M1 (Istanbul Metro)
M11 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M11, officially referred to as the M11 Gayrettepe–Istanbul Airport–Halkalı Metro Line (Gayrettepe–İstanbul Havalimanı–Halkalı Metro Hattı), is a line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M11 (Istanbul Metro)
M12 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M12, officially referred to as the M12 60.
See Istanbul and M12 (Istanbul Metro)
M14 (Istanbul Metro)
The M14, officially referred to as the M14 Altunizade - Küçüksu metro line is a 7.3 km long rapid transit line project on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, with Altunizade as the first station and Küçüksu as the last station.
See Istanbul and M14 (Istanbul Metro)
M2 (Istanbul Metro)
The M2, officially referred to as the M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro line (M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro hattı), is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M2 (Istanbul Metro)
M3 (Istanbul Metro)
The M3, officially referred to as the M3 Bakırköy Sahil–Kayaşehir Merkez Metro Line (M3 Bakırköy Sahil-Kayaşehir Merkez Metro Hattı), is a, 19-station rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro system on the European part of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and M3 (Istanbul Metro)
M4 (Istanbul Metro)
The M4, officially referred to as the M4 Kadıköy - Sabiha Gökçen Airport metro line (M4 Kadıköy–Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı metro hattı), is a, 23-station rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M4 (Istanbul Metro)
M5 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M5, officially referred to as the M5 Üsküdar–Samandıra Merkez line (M5 Üsküdar–Samandıra Merkez metro hattı), is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro System.
See Istanbul and M5 (Istanbul Metro)
M6 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M6, officially referred to as the M6 Levent – Boğaziçi Üniversitesi/Hisarüstü line, is a light metro line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M6 (Istanbul Metro)
M7 (Istanbul Metro)
The M7, officially referred to as the M7 Yıldız–Mahmutbey metro line (M7 Yıldız–Mahmutbey metro hattı) is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro system on the European part of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and M7 (Istanbul Metro)
M8 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M8, officially referred to as the M8 Bostancı-Parseller line, is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro.
See Istanbul and M8 (Istanbul Metro)
M9 (Istanbul Metro)
The M9, officially referred to as the M9 Ataköy-Olimpiyat line, is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro system in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and M9 (Istanbul Metro)
Maçka, Istanbul
Maçka is one of the four neighbourhoods (together with Teşvikiye, Osmanbey and Pangaltı) within the Nişantaşı quarter of the Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Maçka, Istanbul
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.
See Istanbul and Magnetic resonance imaging
Mahmud I
Mahmud I (محمود اول, I.; 2 August 1696 13 December 1754), known as Mahmud the Hunchback, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754.
Mahmud II
Mahmud II (Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, II.; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
Mahmutpasha Bazaar, Istanbul
Mahmutpasha Bazaar (Mahmutpaşa Çarşısı) is a shopping street in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Mahmutpasha Bazaar, Istanbul
Maiden's Tower
The Maiden's Tower (Kız Kulesi), also known as Leander's Tower (Tower of Leandros) since the Byzantine period, is a tower on a small islet at the southern entrance of the Bosphorus strait, from the coast of Üsküdar in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Maiden's Tower are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Maiden's Tower
Malatya Province
Malatya Province (Malatya ili; Parezgêha Meletî) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Malatya Province
Manuel I Komnenos
Manuel I Komnenos (translit-std; 28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180), Latinized as Comnenus, also called Porphyrogenitus ("born in the purple"), was a Byzantine emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean.
See Istanbul and Manuel I Komnenos
March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election
The March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election took place on 31 March 2019, as part of the 2019 Turkish local elections.
See Istanbul and March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election
Marine mucilage
Marine mucilage, also referenced as sea snot or sea saliva, is thick, gelatinous organic matter found around the world's oceans, lately observed in the Mediterranean Sea.
See Istanbul and Marine mucilage
Maritime republics
The maritime republics (repubbliche marinare), also called merchant republics (repubbliche mercantili), were Italian thalassocratic port cities which, starting from the Middle Ages, enjoyed political autonomy and economic prosperity brought about by their maritime activities.
See Istanbul and Maritime republics
Marmara (newspaper)
Marmara (Մարմարա) (sometimes "Nor Marmara" - New Marmara) is an Armenian-language daily newspaper published since August 31 1940 in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Marmara (newspaper)
Marmara Region
The Marmara Region (Turkish: Marmara Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Marmara Region
Marmaray
Marmaray is a commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey.
Marmaray Tunnel
The Marmaray Tunnel (Marmaray Tüneli) is a long undersea railway tunnel in Istanbul, Turkey, beneath the Bosporus strait, linking Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu in Europe with Ayrılıkçeşmesi in Asia.
See Istanbul and Marmaray Tunnel
Maslak
Maslak is a neighbourhood in Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, in Turkey.
Mayor–council government
A mayor–council government is a system of local government in which a mayor who is directly elected by the voters acts as chief executive, while a separately elected city council constitutes the legislative body.
See Istanbul and Mayor–council government
Mecidiyeköy
Mecidiyeköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şişli, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Medical tourism
Medical tourism is the practice of traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment.
See Istanbul and Medical tourism
Medieval Greek
Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
See Istanbul and Medieval Greek
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Istanbul and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
See Istanbul and Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean monk seal
The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a monk seal belonging to the family Phocidae.
See Istanbul and Mediterranean monk seal
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Istanbul and Mediterranean Sea
Megara
Megara (Μέγαρα) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece.
Mehmed II
Mehmed II (translit; II.,; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (lit; Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
Mehmed VI
Mehmed VI Vahideddin (محمد سادس Meḥmed-i sâdis or وحيد الدين Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn; VI. or Vahdeddin/Vahideddin; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as Şahbaba among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman caliph, reigning from 4 July 1918 until 1 November 1922, when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished and replaced by the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923.
Merv
Merv (Merw, Мерв, مرو; translit), also known as the Merve Oasis, was a major Iranian city in Central Asia, on the historical Silk Road, near today's Mary, Turkmenistan. Istanbul and Merv are capitals of caliphates and populated places along the Silk Road.
Metro FM (Turkey)
Metro FM is a nationwide FM radio network broadcasting from Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Metro FM (Turkey)
Metrobus (Istanbul)
The Metrobus (Metrobüs) is a bus rapid transit route in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Metrobus (Istanbul)
Metropol Istanbul
Metropol İstanbul is a mixed-use complex in Ertuğrul in the Ataşehir district on the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Metropol Istanbul
Metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region consisting of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories which are sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing.
See Istanbul and Metropolitan area
Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
There are 81 provinces in Turkey (il).
See Istanbul and Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
Metropolitan Railway
The Metropolitan Railway (also known as the Met) was a passenger and goods railway that served London from 1863 to 1933, its main line heading north-west from the capital's financial heart in the City to what were to become the Middlesex suburbs.
See Istanbul and Metropolitan Railway
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Millet (Ottoman Empire)
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (ملت) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim sharia, Christian canon law, or Jewish halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
See Istanbul and Millet (Ottoman Empire)
Milliyet
Milliyet (Turkish for "nationality") is a daily newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey.
Mimar Sinan
Mimar Sinan (translit;,; – 17 July 1588) also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ, ("Sinan Agha the Grand Architect" or "Grand Sinan") was the chief Ottoman architect, engineer and mathematician for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II and Murad III.
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, or MSGSÜ) is a public art university in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University
Minorities in Turkey
Minorities in Turkey form a substantial part of the country's population, representing an estimated 25 to 28 percent of the population.
See Istanbul and Minorities in Turkey
Mission Istaanbul
Mission Istanbul is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film starring Vivek Oberoi, Shriya Saran and Zayed Khan.
See Istanbul and Mission Istaanbul
Mobile phone
A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone (landline phone).
Moment magnitude scale
The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with M or or Mwg, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment.
See Istanbul and Moment magnitude scale
Monastery of Stoudios
The Monastery of Stoudios, more fully Monastery of Saint John the Forerunner "at Stoudios" (Monē tou Hagiou Iōannē tou Prodromou en tois Stoudiou), often shortened to Stoudios, Studion or Stoudion (Studium), was a Greek Orthodox monastery in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
See Istanbul and Monastery of Stoudios
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits
The (Montreux) Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits, often known simply as the Montreux Convention, is an international agreement governing the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits
Moscow
Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.
Moscow metropolitan area
The Moscow metropolitan area (Московская агломерация) or Moscow capital region (Московский столичный регион) is the most populous metropolitan area in Russia as well as in Europe, with a population of around 21.5 million.
See Istanbul and Moscow metropolitan area
MSNBC
MSNBC (short for Microsoft NBC) is an American news-based television channel and website headquartered in New York City.
Municipal Council of Istanbul
The Municipal Council of Istanbul (İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Meclisi) is the decision-making organ of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
See Istanbul and Municipal Council of Istanbul
Murad IV
Murad IV (مراد رابع, Murād-ı Rābiʿ; IV., 27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.
Murat Kurum
Murat Kurum (born 7 May 1976) is a Turkish engineer, a member of parliament for the electoral district of Istanbul and former minister of Environment and Urbanization from July 2018 to June 2023.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
See Istanbul and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
My Father and My Son
My Father and My Son (Babam ve Oğlum) is a 2005 Turkish drama film written and directed by Çağan Irmak about a family torn apart by the 1980 Turkish coup d'état.
See Istanbul and My Father and My Son
National Library of Israel
The National Library of Israel (NLI; translit; المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; translit), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage.
See Istanbul and National Library of Israel
National Palaces Painting Museum
National Palaces Painting Museum (Turkish: Milli Saraylar Resim Müzesi) is an art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, opened at the Crown Prince Residence of Dolmabahçe Palace in 2014.
See Istanbul and National Palaces Painting Museum
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Istanbul and Neoclassical architecture
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.
See Istanbul and Neolithic Revolution
Net zero emissions
Global net zero emissions describes the state where emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities, and removals of these gases, are in balance over a given period.
See Istanbul and Net zero emissions
New Mosque, Istanbul
The New Mosque (Yeni Cami,, originally named the Valide Sultan Mosque, Valide Sultan Camii) and later New Valide Sultan Mosque (Yeni Valide Sultan Camii) after its partial reconstruction and completion between 1660 and 1665, is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and New Mosque, Istanbul
New Rome
New Rome (Νέα Ῥώμη, Néa Rhṓmē) was the original name given by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great to his new imperial capital in 330 CE, which was built as an expansion of the city of Byzantium on the European coast of the Bosporus strait. Istanbul and new Rome are Constantinople.
Nişantaşı
Nişantaşı is a residential quarter in the Şişli district on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.
Nika riots
The Nika riots (translit), Nika revolt or Nika sedition took place against Byzantine emperor Justinian I in Constantinople over the course of a week in 532 CE. Istanbul and Nika riots are Constantinople.
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.
North Anatolian Fault
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) (Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı.) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia, and is the transform boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate.
See Istanbul and North Anatolian Fault
NTV (Turkish TV channel)
NTV is a Turkish nationwide television news channel owned by Doğuş Media Group.
See Istanbul and NTV (Turkish TV channel)
Nuruosmaniye Mosque
The Nuruosmaniye Mosque (Nuruosmaniye Camii) is an 18th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Çemberlitaş neighbourhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey, which was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey in 2016.
See Istanbul and Nuruosmaniye Mosque
Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
See Istanbul and Oak
Obelisk
An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.
Obelisk of Theodosius
The Obelisk of Theodosius (Οβελίσκος τουΘεοδόσιουΑ΄, Dikilitaş) is the Ancient Egyptian obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III (1479–1425 BC), first erected during the 18th dynasty of Egypt.
See Istanbul and Obelisk of Theodosius
Occupation of Istanbul
The occupation of Istanbul (İstanbul'un işgali) or occupation of Constantinople (12 November 1918 – 4 October 1923), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, by British, French, Italian, and Greek forces, took place in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros, which ended Ottoman participation in the First World War. Istanbul and occupation of Istanbul are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Occupation of Istanbul
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Istanbul and Oceanic climate
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
Ordu Province
Ordu Province (Ordu ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey, located on the Black Sea coast.
See Istanbul and Ordu Province
Orient Express
The Orient Express was a long-distance passenger luxury train service created in 1883 by the Belgian company Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) that operated until 2009.
See Istanbul and Orient Express
Ortaköy
Ortaköy (Middle Village) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Ortaköy Mosque
Ortaköy Mosque (Ortaköy Camii), formally the Büyük Mecidiye Camii in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, is a mosque situated at the waterside of the Ortaköy pier square, one of the most popular locations on the Bosphorus.
See Istanbul and Ortaköy Mosque
Otoyol 1
Otoyol 1 (Motorway 1), abbreviated as O-1 and locally referred to as The First Beltway (1. Çevreyolu.), is a controlled access highway in Istanbul, Turkey.
Otoyol 2
Otoyol 2 (Motorway 2), abbreviated as, locally referred to as 2.
Otoyol 3
Otoyol 3 (Motorway 3), also known as the European Motorway (Avrupa Otoyolu) and abbreviated as the O-3 is a long otoyol in East Thrace, Turkey.
Otoyol 4
Otoyol 4 (Motorway 4), named Anatolian Motorway (Anadolu Otoyolu) and abbreviated as O-4, is a toll motorway connecting the northwestern Marmara Region to the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey.
Otoyol 7
The Otoyol 7 (O-7; English: Motorway 7), or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a toll motorway in Turkey that bypasses Istanbul to the north.
Ottoman architecture
Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history.
See Istanbul and Ottoman architecture
Ottoman Caliphate
The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire (office of the caliphate) was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era.
See Istanbul and Ottoman Caliphate
Ottoman claim to Roman succession
After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the sultans of the Ottoman Empire laid claim to represent the legitimate Roman emperors.
See Istanbul and Ottoman claim to Roman succession
Ottoman cuisine
Ottoman cuisine is the cuisine of the Ottoman Empire and its continuation in the cuisines of Greece, Turkey, the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East and Northern Africa.
See Istanbul and Ottoman cuisine
Ottoman dynasty
The Ottoman dynasty (Osmanlı Hanedanı) consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Osmanlılar).
See Istanbul and Ottoman dynasty
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Istanbul and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman miniature
Ottoman miniature (Turkish: Osmanlı minyatürü) is a style of illustration found in Ottoman manuscripts, often depicting portraits or historic events.
See Istanbul and Ottoman miniature
Ottoman Navy
The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması) or The Imperial Navy (Donanma-yı Humâyûn.), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks (Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group.
See Istanbul and Ottoman Turks
Outline of Istanbul
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Istanbul: Istanbul –.
See Istanbul and Outline of Istanbul
Overfishing
Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area.
Palace of Blachernae
The Palace of Blachernae (τὸ ἐν Βλαχέρναις Παλάτιον). Istanbul and Palace of Blachernae are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Palace of Blachernae
Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
The Palace of the Porphyrogenitus (τὸ Παλάτιον τοῦ Πορφυρογεννήτου), known in Turkish as the Tekfur Sarayı ("Palace of the Sovereign"), is a late 13th-century Byzantine palace in the north-western part of the old city of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey). Istanbul and palace of the Porphyrogenitus are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
Pammakaristos Church
The Pammakaristos Church, also known as the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos (Θεοτόκος ἡ Παμμακάριστος, "All-Blessed Mother of God"), is one of the most famous Byzantine church buildings in Istanbul, Turkey, and was the last pre-Ottoman building to house the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
See Istanbul and Pammakaristos Church
Pelagic fish
Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters—being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore—in contrast with demersal fish that live on or near the bottom, and reef fish that are associated with coral reefs.
Pera Museum
Pera Museum (Turkish: Pera Müzesi) is an art museum in the Tepebaşı quarter of the Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul, Turkey, at Meşrutiyet Avenue No.
Pescennius Niger
Gaius Pescennius Niger (c. 135 – 194) was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors.
See Istanbul and Pescennius Niger
Phanar Greek Orthodox College
Phanar Greek Orthodox College or Phanar Roman Orthodox Lyceum (Özel Fener Rum Lisesi), known in Greek as the Great School of the Nation and Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople (Μεγάλη τουΓένους Σχολή, Megáli toú Genous Scholí), is the oldest surviving and most prestigious Greek Orthodox school in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Phanar Greek Orthodox College
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Philip Mansel
Philip Robert Rhys Mansel (born 1951) is a British historian of courts and cities, and the author of a number of books about the history of France and the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Philip Mansel
Pistacia terebinthus
Pistacia terebinthus also called the terebinth and the turpentine tree, is a deciduous shrub species of the genus Pistacia, native to the Mediterranean region from the western regions of Morocco and Portugal to Greece and western and southeastern Turkey.
See Istanbul and Pistacia terebinthus
Platanus orientalis
Platanus orientalis, the Old World sycamore or Oriental plane, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, growing to or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown.
See Istanbul and Platanus orientalis
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Istanbul and Pliny the Elder
Polis
Polis (πόλις), plural poleis (πόλεις), means ‘city’ in ancient Greek.
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate-rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass.
See Istanbul and Porphyry (geology)
Port of Haydarpaşa
The Port of Haydarpaşa, also known as the Port of Haidar Pasha (Haydarpaşa Limanı) or the Port of Istanbul, is a general cargo seaport, ro-ro and container terminal, situated in Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey at the southern entrance to the Bosphorus, near Haydarpaşa Station.
See Istanbul and Port of Haydarpaşa
Port of Istanbul
The Port of Istanbul is a passenger terminal for cruise liners, which is situated in the Karaköy neighborhood of the Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Port of Istanbul
Porto
Porto, also known as Oporto, is the second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon.
Posta (newspaper)
Posta is a Turkish tabloid newspaper, with the second-highest circulation in Turkey owned by Demirören Group.
See Istanbul and Posta (newspaper)
Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.
President of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey.
See Istanbul and President of Turkey
Princes' Islands
The Princes' Islands (Prens Adaları; the word "princes" is plural, because the name means "Islands of the Princes", Πριγκηπονήσια, Pringiponisia), officially just Adalar (Islands); alternatively the Princes' Archipelago; is an archipelago off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, in the Sea of Marmara.
See Istanbul and Princes' Islands
Principality of Bulgaria
The Principality of Bulgaria (Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Principality of Bulgaria
Prison of Anemas
The Prison of Anemas (Anemas Zindanları) is a large Byzantine building attached to the walls of the city of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). Istanbul and Prison of Anemas are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Prison of Anemas
Private school
A private school is a school not administered or funded by the government, unlike a public school.
See Istanbul and Private school
Private university
Private universities and private colleges are higher education institutions not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments.
See Istanbul and Private university
Provinces of Turkey
Turkiye is divided into 81 provinces (il).
See Istanbul and Provinces of Turkey
Pseudomaquis
Pseudomaquis, sometimes qualified as Submediterranean pseudomaquis, are thickets of broadleaf shrubs and small trees, forming the transition vegetation between Mediterranean forests or shrublands and temperate forests.
Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.
See Istanbul and Purchasing power parity
Pylon (architecture)
A pylon is a monumental gate of an Egyptian temple (Egyptian: bxn.t in the Manuel de Codage transliteration).
See Istanbul and Pylon (architecture)
Pyracantha coccinea
Pyracantha coccinea, the scarlet firethorn is the European species of firethorn or red firethorn that has been cultivated in gardens since the late 16th century.
See Istanbul and Pyracantha coccinea
Qadi
A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works.
Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor.
See Istanbul and Quercus cerris
Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak, is an oak bush in the Ilex section of the genus.
See Istanbul and Quercus coccifera
Rain and snow mixed
Rain and snow mixed (American English) or sleet (Commonwealth English) is precipitation composed of a mixture of rain and partially melted snow.
See Istanbul and Rain and snow mixed
Rams Park
Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi (commonly known as Ali Sami Yen Stadium), branded as Rams Park for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium serving as the home ground of the Süper Lig club Galatasaray.
Rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas.
See Istanbul and Rapid transit
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014.
See Istanbul and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey
Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey are the Syrian refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war.
See Istanbul and Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey
Relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
Renaissance Revival architecture
Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th-century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes.
See Istanbul and Renaissance Revival architecture
Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna; Repubblica di Genova; Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.
See Istanbul and Republic of Genoa
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.
See Istanbul and Republic of Venice
Republican People's Party
The Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi,, acronymized as CHP) is a Kemalist and social democratic political party in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Republican People's Party
Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey
Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey (RtCAP) (Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu) is an independent non-governmental organisation exclusively focused on the issue of air pollution in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey
Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country.
Rize Province
Rize Province (Rize ili) is a province of northeast Turkey, on the eastern Black Sea coast between Trabzon and Artvin.
See Istanbul and Rize Province
Robert College
The American Robert College of Istanbul (İstanbul Özel Amerikan Robert Lisesi or Robert Kolej), often abbreviated as Robert or RC, is a highly selective, independent, co-educational, private high school in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Robert College
Robinia
Robinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, tribe Robinieae, native to North America.
Rock'n Coke
Rock'n Coke was the biggest open Turkish rock festival sponsored by Coca-Cola.
Rococo
Rococo, less commonly Roccoco, also known as Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, and trompe-l'œil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama.
Role of Christianity in civilization
Christianity has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.
See Istanbul and Role of Christianity in civilization
Roman circus
A Roman circus (from the Latin word that means "circle") was a large open-air venue used mainly for chariot races, although sometimes serving other purposes.
Roman emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC.
See Istanbul and Roman emperor
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman usurper
Roman usurpers were individuals or groups of individuals who obtained or tried to obtain power by force and without legitimate legal authority.
See Istanbul and Roman usurper
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (-si.eɪ), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
Rose-ringed parakeet
The rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, ringneck parrot (in aviculture) or the Kramer parrot, is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae.
See Istanbul and Rose-ringed parakeet
The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) is an international organisation dedicated to collecting statistics about association football.
Rumelihisarı
Rumelihisarı (also known as Rumelian Fortress and Roumeli Hissar Fortress) or Boğazkesen Fortress (literally 'strait-cutter fortress') is a medieval Ottoman fortress located in Istanbul, Turkey, on a series of hills on the European banks of the Bosphorus. Istanbul and Rumelihisarı are archaeological sites in the Marmara Region.
Sabah (newspaper)
Sabah is a Turkish daily newspaper, with a circulation of around 330,000 as of 2011.
See Istanbul and Sabah (newspaper)
Sabancı University
Sabancı University (Sabancı Üniversitesi), established in 1994, is a young foundation university located on a 1.26 million squaremeter campus which is about 40 km from Istanbul's city center.
See Istanbul and Sabancı University
Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport is an international airport serving Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
Sacrificial tripod
A sacrificial tripod, whose name comes from the Greek meaning "three-footed", is a three-legged piece of religious furniture used in offerings and other ritual procedures.
See Istanbul and Sacrificial tripod
Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.
See Istanbul and Safavid dynasty
Sakıp Sabancı Museum
The Sabancı University Sakıp Sabancı Museum (Sakıp Sabancı Müzesi) is a private fine arts museum in Istanbul, Turkey, dedicated to calligraphic art, religious and state documents, as well as paintings of the Ottoman era.
See Istanbul and Sakıp Sabancı Museum
Samsun Province
Samsun Province (Samsun ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey on the Black Sea coast.
See Istanbul and Samsun Province
Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer of Morse code in 1837 and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.
Sanremo
Sanremo or San Remo (Sanrémmo(ro), locally Sanreumo(ro); Sant Rémol) is a comune (municipality) on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy.
SantralIstanbul
The santralistanbul (santralistanbul), opened in 2007, is an arts and cultural complex located at the upper end of Golden Horn in the Eyüp district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and SantralIstanbul
Sarayburnu
Sarayburnu (Sarayburnu, meaning Palace Cape; known in English as the Seraglio Point) is a promontory quarter separating the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara in Istanbul, Turkey.
Sarıyer
Sarıyer is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
São Paulo Art Biennial
The São Paulo Art Biennial (Portuguese: Bienal de São Paulo) was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since.
See Istanbul and São Paulo Art Biennial
Sözcü
Sözcü (English: Spokesperson) is a popular Turkish daily newspaper.
Süleymaniye Mosque
The Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the Third Hill of Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul and Süleymaniye Mosque are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and Süleymaniye Mosque
Süper Lig
The Süper Lig (Super League), officially known as Trendyol Süper Lig for sponsorship reasons, is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs.
Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public.
See Istanbul and Science education
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
See Istanbul and Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Sea bass
Sea bass is a common name for a variety of different species of marine fish.
Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey.
See Istanbul and Sea of Marmara
Second Athenian League
The Second Athenian League was a maritime confederation of Greek city-states that existed from 378 to 355 BC under the leadership (hegemony) of Athens.
See Istanbul and Second Athenian League
Second Constitutional Era
The Second Constitutional Era (ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution of the General Assembly, during the empire's twilight years.
See Istanbul and Second Constitutional Era
Septimius Severus
Lucius Septimius Severus (11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was a Roman politician who served as emperor from 193 to 211.
See Istanbul and Septimius Severus
Serpent Column
The Serpent Column (Τρικάρηνος Ὄφις Τrikarenos Οphis "Three-headed Serpent";Τρικάρηνος ὄφις ὁ χάλκεος, i.e. "the bronze three-headed serpent"; see See also,.
See Istanbul and Serpent Column
Seven hills of Istanbul
Istanbul is known as the City on the Seven Hills (Yedi tepeli şehir).
See Istanbul and Seven hills of Istanbul
Seville Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See (Catedral de Santa María de la Sede), better known as Seville Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral and former mosque in Seville, Andalusia, Spain.
See Istanbul and Seville Cathedral
Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.
See Istanbul and Sewage treatment
Shahada
The Shahada (الشَّهَادَةُ;, 'the testimony'), also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the Adhan.
Show TV
Show TV is a Turkish national television channel, established in 1991 by Erol Aksoy, Dinç Bilgin, Haldun Simavi and Erol Simavi, owned by the Ciner Yayın Holding.
Silahtarağa Power Station
The Silahtarağa Power Station (Silahtarağa Elektrik Santralı) was a coal-fired generating station located in Istanbul Turkey.
See Istanbul and Silahtarağa Power Station
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Sinan Erdem Dome
The Sinan Erdem Dome, formerly known as the Ataköy Dome, is a multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in Ataköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Sinan Erdem Dome
Sinop Province
Sinop Province (Sinop ili; Σινώπη, Sinopi) is a province of Turkey, along the Black Sea.
See Istanbul and Sinop Province
Sirkeci
Sirkeci is a neighborhood in the Eminönü quarter of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey.
Sirkeci railway station
Sirkeci railway station (Sirkeci garı), listed on maps as Istanbul railway station (İstanbul garı), is a railway terminal in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Sirkeci railway station
Sivas
Sivas (Latin and Greek: Sebastia, Sebastea, Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή) is a city in central Turkey.
Skyland İstanbul
Skyland İstanbul is a prominent mixed-use complex located in the Huzur neighborhood of the Sarıyer district in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Skyland İstanbul
Smog
Smog, or smoke fog, is a type of intense air pollution.
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).
See Istanbul and Social stratification
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Istanbul and Spanish language
Spartium
Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom, rush broom, or weaver's broom, it is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and the sole species in the genus Spartium.
Spice Bazaar
The Spice Bazaar (Mısır Çarşısı, meaning "Egyptian Bazaar") in Istanbul, Turkey, is one of the largest bazaars in the city.
Sports club
A sports club or sporting club, sometimes an athletics club or sports society or sports association, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing sports.
St. George's Austrian High School
St.
See Istanbul and St. George's Austrian High School
Stained glass
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it.
See Istanbul and Stained glass
Star TV (Turkish TV channel)
Star TV is a Turkish nationwide TV channel.
See Istanbul and Star TV (Turkish TV channel)
Stone pine
The stone pine, botanical name Pinus pinea, also known as the Italian stone pine, Mediterranean stone pine, umbrella pine and parasol pine, is a tree from the pine family (Pinaceae).
Storm Elpis
Elpis, or Elpida in Greece, was a windstorm and blizzard that affected most of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.
See Istanbul and Suleiman the Magnificent
Sultangazi
Sultangazi is municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Sulukule
Sulukule (literally: "Water tower") is a historic quarter in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Summer Olympic Games
The Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years.
See Istanbul and Summer Olympic Games
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Supreme Election Council (Turkey)
The Supreme Election Council (Yüksek Seçim Kurulu; YSK) is the highest electoral authority in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Supreme Election Council (Turkey)
Suspension bridge
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.
See Istanbul and Suspension bridge
Taksim Military Barracks
The Taksim Military Barracks or Halil Pasha Artillery Barracks (Taksim Kışlası or Halil Paşa Topçu Kışlası) were located at the site of the present-day Taksim Gezi Park next to Taksim Square in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Taksim Military Barracks
Taksim Square
Taksim Square (Taksim Meydanı), situated in Beyoğlu in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey, is a major tourist and leisure district famed for its restaurants, shops, and hotels.
See Istanbul and Taksim Square
Taksim Stadium
Taksim Stadium (Taksim Stadı) was the first football stadium in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Taksim Stadium
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Tarlabaşı
Tarlabaşı is a neighbourhood in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, stretching from Taksim Square and Talimhane in the east to Kasımpaşa and in the west.
Tünel
The Tünel (Tunnel, designated as the F2 line on the Istanbul transport map) is a historic, underground, rubber-tyred funicular line in Istanbul, Turkey.
Türk Telekom
Türk Telekom is a state-owned Turkish telecommunications company.
Teknofest
Teknofest, short for Teknofest Aerospace and Technology Festival, is the largest aviation, aerospace, and technology festival in the world, taking place in Turkey.
Telephone exchange
A telephone exchange, also known as a telephone switch or central office, is a crucial component in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or large enterprise telecommunications systems.
See Istanbul and Telephone exchange
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.
See Istanbul and Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Istanbul and Temperate climate
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The World Is Not Enough
The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 spy film, the nineteenth in the ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions and the third to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond.
See Istanbul and The World Is Not Enough
Theodosius Cistern
The Theodosius Cistern (Κινστέρνα Θεοδοσίου, Şerefiye Sarnıcı) is one of many ancient cisterns of Constantinople that lie beneath the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Theodosius Cistern
Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), also known as Thessalonica, Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.
Thracians
The Thracians (translit; Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.
Three Pashas
The Three Pashas, also known as the Young Turk triumvirate or CUP triumvirate, consisted of Mehmed Talaat Pasha, the Grand Vizier (prime minister) and Minister of the Interior; Ismail Enver Pasha, the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief to the Sultan; and Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the Minister of the Navy and governor-general of Syria, who effectively ruled the Ottoman Empire after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état and the subsequent assassination of Mahmud Shevket Pasha.
Thutmose III
Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.
Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
Time in Turkey
In Turkey, time is given by UTC+03:00 year-round.
See Istanbul and Time in Turkey
Toll road
A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a freeway since the 1940s) for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage.
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı; lit), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih district of Istanbul in Turkey. Istanbul and Topkapı Palace are world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Topkapı Palace
Topkapi (film)
Topkapi is a 1964 American Technicolor heist film produced by Filmways Pictures and distributed by United Artists.
See Istanbul and Topkapi (film)
Trabzon Province
Trabzon Province (Trabzon ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey on the Black Sea coast.
See Istanbul and Trabzon Province
Track and field
Athletics (or track and field in the United States) is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.
See Istanbul and Track and field
Tram
A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in the United States and Canada) is a type of urban rail transit consisting of either individual railcars or self-propelled multiple unit trains that run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way.
Trams in Istanbul
The former capital of the Ottoman Empire was once served, on both its Asian and European sides, by a large network of trams in Istanbul.
See Istanbul and Trams in Istanbul
Treaty of Lausanne
The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne, Lozan Antlaşması.) is a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.
See Istanbul and Treaty of Lausanne
Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Treaty of Sèvres
TRT World
TRT World is a Turkish public broadcaster which broadcasts in English 24 hours a day and is operated by the TRT and based in the Ulus quarter of Ankara.
Tulip
Tulips are spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes in the Tulipa genus.
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkification
Turkification, Turkization, or Turkicization (Türkleştirme) describes a shift whereby populations or places received or adopted Turkic attributes such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity.
See Istanbul and Turkification
Turkish Air Force Academy
The Turkish Air Force Academy (TAFA; Hava Harp Okulu) is a co-educational military academy located in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Turkish Air Force Academy
Turkish alphabet
The Turkish alphabet (Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
See Istanbul and Turkish alphabet
Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
The Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum (Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi) is a museum located in Sultanahmet Square in Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
Turkish Grand Prix
The Turkish Grand Prix (Türkiye Grand Prix) is a Formula One motor race held at Istanbul Park, designed by Hermann Tilke.
See Istanbul and Turkish Grand Prix
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Istanbul and Turkish language
Turkish Levantine
Levantines in Turkey or Turkish Levantines, are the descendants of Europeans who settled in the coastal cities of the Ottoman Empire to trade, especially after the Tanzimat era.
See Istanbul and Turkish Levantine
Turkish lira
The lira (Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey and Northern Cyprus, as well as one of the two currencies used in northern Syria under the country's interim government.
Turkish motorcycle Grand Prix
The Turkish motorcycle Grand Prix was a motorcycling event that was part of the World Motorcycle Racing season.
See Istanbul and Turkish motorcycle Grand Prix
Turkish Naval Academy
The Turkish Naval Academy (Deniz Harp Okulu) is a four-year co-educational military academy and part of the National Defence University.
See Istanbul and Turkish Naval Academy
Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
See Istanbul and Turkish people
Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT; Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964.
See Istanbul and Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
Turkish State Railways
The State Railways of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları), abbreviated as TCDD, is a government-owned national railway company responsible with the ownership and maintenance of railway infrastructure in Turkey, as well as the planning and construction of new lines.
See Istanbul and Turkish State Railways
Turkish Statistical Institute
Turkish Statistical Institute (commonly known as TurkStat; Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu or TÜİK) is the Turkish government agency commissioned with producing official statistics on Turkey, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture.
See Istanbul and Turkish Statistical Institute
Turkish straits
The Turkish Straits (Türk Boğazları) are two internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey.
See Istanbul and Turkish straits
Turkish television drama
Turkish drama (Türk dizileri) is a type of television series in the Turkish language made in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Turkish television drama
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movement, after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. The conflict was between the Turkish Nationalists against Allied and separatist forces over the application of Wilsonian principles, especially national self-determination, in post-World War I Anatolia and eastern Thrace.
See Istanbul and Turkish War of Independence
Turyol
Turyol is a private ferry operator, which owns and operates urban and international ferry service in western Turkey, focused primarily around Istanbul.
Tuzla, Istanbul
Tuzla is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Tuzla, Istanbul
TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall
TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall (Burhan Felek Spor Salonu) is a volleyball arena located in Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey and reopened on 19 November 2010.
See Istanbul and TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports.
See Istanbul and Twenty-foot equivalent unit
UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des associations européennes de football; Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football.
UEFA Euro 2012
The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012, was the 14th European Championship for men's national football teams organised by UEFA.
See Istanbul and UEFA Euro 2012
UEFA Euro 2016
The 2016 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 (stylised as UEFA EURO 2016) or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA.
See Istanbul and UEFA Euro 2016
UEFA stadium categories
UEFA stadium categories are categories for football stadiums laid out in UEFA's Stadium Infrastructure Regulations.
See Istanbul and UEFA stadium categories
United States dollar
The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD; also abbreviated US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries.
See Istanbul and United States dollar
Urban heat island
Urban areas usually experience the urban heat island (UHI) effect, that is, they are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas.
See Istanbul and Urban heat island
Urban renewal
Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom and urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities.
See Istanbul and Urban renewal
Urban seismic risk
Urban seismic risk is the risk of earthquakes damaging or destroying people and things in towns and cities.
See Istanbul and Urban seismic risk
Uzak
Uzak (Distant in North America) is a 2002 Turkish drama film written, produced, shot and directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan.
VakıfBank S.K.
VakıfBank Sports Club (VakıfBank Spor Kulübü) is a Turkish professional volleyball club based in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and VakıfBank S.K.
Varlık Vergisi
The Varlık Vergisi ("wealth tax" or "capital tax") was a tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens in Turkey in 1942, with the stated aim of raising funds for the country's defense in case of an eventual entry into World War II.
See Istanbul and Varlık Vergisi
Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale (La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.
See Istanbul and Venice Biennale
Vocational school
A vocational school, trade school, or technical school is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary or post-secondary education designed to provide vocational education or technical skills required to complete the tasks of a particular and specific job.
See Istanbul and Vocational school
Vocational university
A vocational university or university of applied sciences (UAS), less commonly called a polytechnic university is an institution of higher education and increasingly research that provides applied professional education and grants academic degrees.
See Istanbul and Vocational university
Walls of Constantinople
The Walls of Constantinople (Konstantinopolis Surları; Τείχη της Κωνσταντινουπόλης) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. Istanbul and walls of Constantinople are Constantinople and world Heritage Sites in Turkey.
See Istanbul and Walls of Constantinople
Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.
World Athletics
World Athletics, formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation and International Association of Athletics Federations and formerly abbreviated as the IAAF, is the international governing body for the sport of athletics, covering track and field, cross country running, road running, race walking, mountain running, and ultra running.
See Istanbul and World Athletics
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Istanbul and World Heritage Site
World Touring Car Championship
The FIA World Touring Car Championship was an international touring car championship promoted by Eurosport Events and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
See Istanbul and World Touring Car Championship
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
Xeriscaping
Xeriscaping is the process of landscaping, or gardening, that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation.
Yalı
A yalı (yalı, from Greek γιαλή yialí (mod. γιαλός yialós), literally "seashore, beach") is a house or mansion built right on the waterside (almost exclusively seaside, particularly on the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul) and usually built with an architectural concept that takes into account the characteristics of the coastal location.
Yavuz Selim Mosque
The Yavuz Selim Mosque, also known as the Selim I Mosque and the Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque (Yavuz Selim Camii) is a 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located at the top of the 5th hill of Istanbul, Turkey, in the neighborhood of Çukurbostan, overlooking the Golden Horn.
See Istanbul and Yavuz Selim Mosque
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü), also known as the Third Bosphorus Bridge, is a vehicular bridge over the Bosphorus strait, to the north of Istanbuls's two older suspension bridges, the 15 July Martyrs Bridge being the First Bosphorus Bridge and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge the Second Bosphorus Bridge.
See Istanbul and Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
Yıldız Palace
Yıldız Palace (Yıldız Sarayı) is a vast complex of former imperial Ottoman pavilions and villas in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, built in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
See Istanbul and Yıldız Palace
Yıldız Park
Yıldız Park (Yıldız Parkı) is a historical, urban park in Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Yenikapı
Yenikapı is a port and a quarter in Istanbul, Turkey, in the metropolitan district of Fatih on the European side of the Bosphorus, and along the southern shore of the city's historically central peninsula.
Yeniköy, Sarıyer
Yeniköy (Yeniköy, "New Village"), known in Greek as Neochorion (Νεοχώριον), Neochori (Νεοχώρι), or Nichori (Νιχώρι or Νηχώρι), sometimes also referred to as Yeni Kioi, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey.
See Istanbul and Yeniköy, Sarıyer
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire.
See Istanbul and Young Turk Revolution
Zazas
The Zazas (p or Şarê Ma|Goranî|lit.
Zeyrek Mosque
Zeyrek Mosque (Zeyrek Camii) or the Monastery of the Pantokrator (Μονή τουΠαντοκράτορος Χριστού, in Pantokrator Manastırı), is a large mosque in Fazilet Sokağı in the Zeyrek district of Fatih in Istanbul, overlooking the Golden Horn.
See Istanbul and Zeyrek Mosque
Zorlu Center
Zorlu Center is a multiple-use complex in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey containing an upscale shopping mall, a five-star Raffles hotel and a Cinemaximum megaplex, as well as residences and offices.
.istanbul
.istanbul and.ist are approved top level domains (TLD) for the Internet.
150 personae non gratae of Turkey
The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey (lit) is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922.
See Istanbul and 150 personae non gratae of Turkey
1766 Istanbul earthquake
The 1766 Istanbul earthquake was a strong earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, in the Çınarcık Basin (or near the Princes' Islands, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766.
See Istanbul and 1766 Istanbul earthquake
1894 Istanbul earthquake
The 1894 Istanbul earthquake occurred in the Çınarcık Basin or Gulf of Izmit in the Sea of Marmara on 10 July at 12:24pm. Istanbul and 1894 Istanbul earthquake are Constantinople.
See Istanbul and 1894 Istanbul earthquake
1913 Ottoman coup d'état
The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (23 January 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by Ismail Enver Bey and Mehmed Talaat Bey, in which the group made a surprise raid on the central Ottoman government buildings, the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî).
See Istanbul and 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
1994 Istanbul mayoral election
The 1994 Istanbul mayoral election took place on 27 March 1994 in order to elect the Mayor of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
See Istanbul and 1994 Istanbul mayoral election
2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, officially branded as Sydney 2000, and also known as the Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
See Istanbul and 2000 Summer Olympics
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics (Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad (label) and officially branded as Athens 2004 (Αθήνα 2004), were an international multi-sport event held from 13 to 29 August 2004 in Athens, Greece.
See Istanbul and 2004 Summer Olympics
2005 UEFA Champions League final
The 2005 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2004–05 UEFA Champions League, Europe's primary club football competition.
See Istanbul and 2005 UEFA Champions League final
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and officially branded as Beijing 2008, were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China.
See Istanbul and 2008 Summer Olympics
2009 UEFA Cup final
The 2009 UEFA Cup Final was the final match of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup, the 38th season of the UEFA Cup, UEFA's second-tier club football tournament.
See Istanbul and 2009 UEFA Cup final
2010 FIBA World Championship
The 2010 FIBA World Championship was the 16th FIBA World Championship, the international basketball world championship contested by the men's national teams.
See Istanbul and 2010 FIBA World Championship
2011–12 Euroleague
The 2011–12 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 12th season of the modern era of Euroleague and the second under the title sponsorship of Turkish Airlines.
See Istanbul and 2011–12 Euroleague
2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey.
See Istanbul and 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships
2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012, were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom.
See Istanbul and 2012 Summer Olympics
2014 Istanbul mayoral election
The Istanbul mayoral elections of 2014 were held on 30 March 2014, as part of the local elections taking place throughout Turkey on the same day.
See Istanbul and 2014 Istanbul mayoral election
2016–17 EuroLeague
The 2016–17 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 17th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the seventh under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines.
See Istanbul and 2016–17 EuroLeague
2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).
See Istanbul and 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
2019 Turkish local elections
The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey.
See Istanbul and 2019 Turkish local elections
2019 UEFA Super Cup
The 2019 UEFA Super Cup was the 44th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.
See Istanbul and 2019 UEFA Super Cup
2020 Summer Olympics
The officially the and officially branded as were an international multi-sport event held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some preliminary events that began on 21 July 2021.
See Istanbul and 2020 Summer Olympics
2020 UEFA Champions League final
The 2020 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, the 65th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 28th season since it was re-branded from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League.
See Istanbul and 2020 UEFA Champions League final
2021 UEFA Champions League final
The 2021 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League, the 66th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 29th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League.
See Istanbul and 2021 UEFA Champions League final
2023 Turkish presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Turkey in May 2023, alongside parliamentary elections, to elect a president for a term of five years.
See Istanbul and 2023 Turkish presidential election
2024 Istanbul mayoral election
Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, held mayoral elections on 31 March 2024 as part of the 2024 Turkish local elections.
See Istanbul and 2024 Istanbul mayoral election
31 March incident
The 31 March incident (31 Mart Vakası) was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era.
See Istanbul and 31 March incident
360 (TV channel)
360 is a privately owned television channel in Turkey.
See Istanbul and 360 (TV channel)
See also
Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region
- Alexandria Troas
- Anadoluhisarı
- Anastasian Wall
- Apamea Myrlea
- Aprus (Thrace)
- Architecture of Istanbul
- Bathonea
- Cebrene
- Charax (Bithynia)
- Demirköy Foundry
- Elaeus
- Harbour of Eleutherios
- Istanbul
- Kumtepe
- Lake Küçükçekmece
- Lamponeia
- Lysimachia (Thrace)
- Malagina
- Rumelihisarı
- Scepsis
- Schliemann's Trench
- Troy
- Yarımburgaz Cave
- İnceğiz Cave Monastery
Capitals of caliphates
- Baghdad
- Baradān
- Córdoba, Spain
- Cairo
- Damascus
- Hdatta
- Istanbul
- Kufa
- Mecca
- Medina
- Merv
- Nishapur
- Raqqa
- Samarra
Metropolitan areas of Turkey
Populated places established in the 7th century BC
- Üsküdar
- Abdera, Thrace
- Abydos (Hellespont)
- Akanthos (Greece)
- Ambracia
- Byzantium
- Cagliari
- Cantona (archaeological site)
- Casablanca
- Chalcedon
- Comiso
- Cyrene, Libya
- Develtos
- Durrës
- Ecbatana
- Enna
- Epidamnos
- Guastalla
- Istanbul
- Kavala
- Lixus (ancient city)
- Melite (ancient city)
- Naples
- Oxkintok
- Paestum
- Palazzolo Acreide
- Phasis (town)
- Piedras Negras (Maya site)
- Poggio Colla
- Pompeii
- Pontic Olbia
- Samsun
- Selinunte
- Sestos
- Side, Turkey
- Sinop, Turkey
- Statonia
- Syedra
- Therma
- Tripoli, Libya
- Tulcea
- Vagharshapat
- Vibo Valentia
Port cities and towns in Turkey
- Gemlik
- Istanbul
- Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu
Roman sites in Turkey
- Çanakçı Rock Tombs
- Adamkayalar
- Adana
- Adıyaman
- Allianoi
- Antakya
- Architecture of Istanbul
- Aydın
- Bergama
- Beyşehir
- Bolu
- Edirne
- Emirzeli
- Gölova
- Gördes
- Gaziantep
- Geldibuldu, Kahta
- Hasankeyf
- Ildır
- Istanbul
- Kabaçam
- Kadirli
- Kahramanmaraş
- Kayseri
- Kelbessos
- Kırşehir
- Manisa
- Milas
- Nevşehir
- Niksar
- Ploutonion at Hierapolis
- Sülümenli, Ulubey
- Selçuk
- Uzuncaburç (Diokaisareia)
- Veyselli rock reliefs
- Warrior relief of Efrenk
- Zile
- İzmir
Transcontinental cities
- Atyrau
- Colón, Panama
- El Qantara, Egypt
- Ismailia
- Istanbul
- Magnitogorsk
- Oral, Kazakhstan
- Orenburg
- Orsk
- Panama City
- Port Fuad
- Port Said
- Suez
World Heritage Sites in Turkey
- Çatalhöyük
- Ani
- Aphrodisias
- Birgi
- Blue Mosque, Istanbul
- Bursa
- Cappadocia
- Churches of Göreme
- Cumalıkızık
- Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital
- Diyarbakır
- Ephesus
- Fortifications of Diyarbakır
- Göbekli Tepe
- Göreme Historical National Park
- Gordion
- Hagia Sophia
- Hattusa
- Hevsel Gardens
- Hierapolis
- Historic Areas of Istanbul
- Istanbul
- Letoon
- List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey
- Little Hagia Sophia
- Melid
- Mount Nemrut
- Pamukkale
- Pergamon
- Rock-cut architecture of Cappadocia
- Safranbolu
- Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
- Tophane Clock Tower
- Topkapı Palace
- Tourism in Turkey
- Troy
- Walls of Constantinople
- Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia
- Xanthos
- Zeyrek
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul
Also known as City of Istanbul, Climate change in Istanbul, Constantinople (Turkey), Constantinople (modern city), Constantinopole, Turkey, Dersaâdet, Geography of Istanbul, Greater Istanbul, Greater Istanbul Area, Greater İstanbul, ISO 3166-2:TR-34, Instabul, Instanbul, Islambol, Islambul, Istabul, Istamboul, Istambul, Istanbul (Turkey), Istanbul Province, Istanbul, Turkey, Istanbuler, Istanbull, Ligos, Micklegard, Stambol, Stambul, Stambulu, Stampol, Stanbul, Topboğazi, UN/LOCODE:TRIST, İslambol, İslambul, İstanbul, İstanbul Province, İstanbul, Turkey, استانبول.
, Art Nouveau, Arter (art center), Asperity (faults), Assyrian people, Asteraceae, Ataşehir, Atatürk Airport, Atatürk Olympic Stadium, ATV (Turkish TV channel), Augustaion, Austria-Hungary, Çırağan Palace, Çengelköy, Çiçek Pasajı, Özyeğin University, Ülker Sports and Event Hall, Ümraniye, Üsküdar, İ, İDO, İmam Hatip school, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor (basketball), İstiklal Avenue, İstinye, İstinye Park, İzmir, Şükrü Naili Gökberk, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Şişli, Bağdat Avenue, Baghdad, Balkan Wars, Balyan family, Bankalar Caddesi, Baroque architecture, Basil II, Basilica Cistern, Basketbol Süper Ligi, Battle of Plataea, Bayezid II, Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul, Büyükada, Büyükçekmece Basketbol, BBC, Beşiktaş, Beşiktaş J.K., Beşiktaş J.K. (men's basketball), Beşiktaş Stadium, Bebek, Beşiktaş, Belgrad Forest, Berlin–Baghdad railway, Beykoz, Beylerbeyi, Beylerbeyi Palace, Beyoğlu, Biennale, Binali Yıldırım, BJK Akatlar Arena, BJK İnönü Stadium, Black Sea, Black Sea Region, Blue Mosque, Istanbul, Bluefish, Boğaziçi University, Bodrum Mosque, Bonito, Bornova, Borsa Istanbul, Bosnian Crisis, Bosphorus Bridge, Bosporus, Boukoleon Palace, Buca, Bulgarian Declaration of Independence, Burgazada, Bus rapid transit, Byzantine architecture, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, Byzantium, Cağaloğlu, Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School, Caddebostan, Caesar (title), Caliphate, Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, Capture of Baghdad (1638), Caput Mundi, Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre, Central Anatolia Region, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Central Powers, Cercis siliquastrum, CEV Women's Champions League, Chalcedon, Chalcolithic, Chang'an, Chestnut, Chora Church, Christendom, Christianity in the Ottoman Empire, Church-Mosque of Vefa, Cinema of Turkey, Circus Maximus, Cistern, Cistern of Philoxenos, Cistern of the Hebdomon, Climate change, CNN, CNN Türk, Coal-fired power station, Column of Constantine, Common bottlenose dolphin, Common dolphin, Commuter rail, Conservatism, Constantine the Great, Constantine XI Palaiologos, Constantinople, Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924, Constantius II, Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Constitution of Turkey, Contactless smart card, COVID-19 pandemic, Crimean War, Cumhuriyet, Cupressus sempervirens, Daily Sabah, Damat Ferid Pasha, Darüşşafaka Basketbol, Davut Gül, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Deesis, Delian League, Delphi, Demersal fish, Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, Deutsche Schule Istanbul, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Dolmabahçe Palace, Dotless I, Dubai, Earthquake casualty estimation, Earthquake preparedness, Eastern Anatolia Region, Eastern Orthodox Church, Economy of Turkey, Eczacıbaşı Dynavit, Edge city, Edirne, Ekrem İmamoğlu, Electric utility, Electrical telegraph, Elm, Emergency management, Emirgan Park, Encyclopædia Britannica, Erzurum Province, Eski Imaret Mosque, Estray, Ethnic cleansing, Eurasia Tunnel, EuroBasket 2001, Euromonitor International, European anchovy, European Capital of Culture, European Le Mans Series, European route E80, Eusebius, Evliya Çelebi, Exchange (organized market), Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul, Eye surgery, Fall of Constantinople, Fatih, Fatih Mosque, Istanbul, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, Fenari Isa Mosque, Fenerbahçe S.K., Fenerbahçe S.K. (basketball), Fenerbahçe S.K. (women's volleyball), Feral cats in Istanbul, Feral parrot, Feridun Ahmed Bey, Ferries in Istanbul, Fethi Paşa Korusu, First seven ecumenical councils, Fish migration, FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship, Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship, Forum of Constantine, Fountain of Ahmed III, Fourth Crusade, Frankfurt, Fraxinus, Freedom of navigation, From Russia with Love (film), Funicular, Galata, Galata Tower, Galataport, Galatasaray High School, Galatasaray S.K., Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball), Galatasaray University, Galleria Ataköy, Gazete Duvar, Gül Mosque, Gülhane Park, Gebze, Gecekondu, General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, Gentrification, Geographic top-level domain, Geographical regions of Turkey, Gezi Park, Gezi Park protests, Giovanni Scognamillo, Giresun Province, Golden Horn, Governor of Istanbul, Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand vizier, Graupel, Great Palace Mosaic Museum, Great Palace of Constantinople, Greco-Persian Wars, Greek language, Greek Orthodox Church, Gross domestic product, GSM, Habertürk, Hagia Irene, Hagia Sophia, Hair transplantation, Halkalı railway station, Harbour of Eleutherios, Harbour porpoise, Harmful algal bloom, Haydarpaşa railway station, Hürriyet, Hürriyet Daily News, Hejaz railway, Herodotus, Heybeliada, Hezarfen Airfield, Hippodrome of Constantinople, Historic Areas of Istanbul, History of the Jews in Europe, HMS Malaya, Horse mackerel, Human Development Index, Humid temperate climate, IHH (Turkish NGO), International Air Transport Association code, International Council of Shopping Centers, International Istanbul Film Festival, Introduced species, Invasive species, Iran–Turkey border, Irreligion in Turkey, Islamic calligraphy, Isma'il Pasha of Egypt, Istanbul, Istanbul (1st electoral district), Istanbul (electoral districts), Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han, Istanbul Airport, Istanbul Archaeology Museums, Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul Canal, Istanbul Central Business District, Istanbul Cevahir, Istanbul Financial Center, Istanbul High School, Istanbul International Music Festival, Istanbul Jazz Festival, Istanbul Metro, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Modern, Istanbul Museum of Painting and Sculpture, Istanbul nostalgic tramways, Istanbul Park, Istanbul pogrom, Istanbul Pride, Istanbul Sapphire, Istanbul Shopping Fest, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul Tram, Istanbul University, Istanbulkart, Italo-Turkish War, Iznik pottery, Jamal Khashoggi, Jamanak, Joint Commission, Judaeo-Spanish, June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election, Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justinian I, Kağıthane, Kabataş Boys High School, Kabataş, Beyoğlu, Kadıköy, Kadıköy (Istanbul Metro), Kaifeng, Kalenderhane Mosque, Kanal D, Kanyon Shopping Mall, Karaköy, Karşıyaka, Karnak, Kartal, Kastamonu Province, Küçüksu Pavilion, Kınalıada, Kebab, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, Kemal Reis, Khedivate of Egypt, Kireçburnu, Sarıyer, Koç University, KONDA Research and Consultancy, Kozyatağı, Kumkapı, Kurds in Istanbul, Kuruçeşme, Lake Büyükçekmece, Lake Küçükçekmece, Lake-effect snow, Landline, Lateran Obelisk, Latin Church in the Middle East, Latin Empire, Laurus nobilis, Levent, Liceo Italiano di Istanbul, Life zones of the Mediterranean region, Lisbon, List of busiest airports by passenger traffic, List of cities by GDP, List of cities by international visitors, List of cities with the most skyscrapers, List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of districts of Istanbul, List of European cities by population within city limits, List of high schools in Istanbul, List of largest cities, List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, List of largest cities throughout history, List of largest European cities in history, List of mayors of Istanbul, List of metropolitan areas in Europe, List of mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty, List of people from Istanbul, List of shopping malls in Istanbul, List of tallest buildings in Istanbul, List of the busiest airports in Europe, List of Turkish regions by Human Development Index, List of universities in Turkey, Little Hagia Sophia, London, Lord Chancellor, Low-cost carrier, Low-emission zone, Luxor, Lycée Saint-Joseph, Istanbul, M1 (Istanbul Metro), M11 (Istanbul Metro), M12 (Istanbul Metro), M14 (Istanbul Metro), M2 (Istanbul Metro), M3 (Istanbul Metro), M4 (Istanbul Metro), M5 (Istanbul Metro), M6 (Istanbul Metro), M7 (Istanbul Metro), M8 (Istanbul Metro), M9 (Istanbul Metro), Maçka, Istanbul, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mahmud I, Mahmud II, Mahmutpasha Bazaar, Istanbul, Maiden's Tower, Malatya Province, Manuel I Komnenos, March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election, Marine mucilage, Maritime republics, Marmara (newspaper), Marmara Region, Marmaray, Marmaray Tunnel, Maslak, Mayor–council government, Mecidiyeköy, Medical tourism, Medieval Greek, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, Mediterranean monk seal, Mediterranean Sea, Megara, Mehmed II, Mehmed VI, Merv, Metro FM (Turkey), Metrobus (Istanbul), Metropol Istanbul, Metropolitan area, Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, Metropolitan Railway, Middle Ages, Millet (Ottoman Empire), Milliyet, Mimar Sinan, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Minorities in Turkey, Mission Istaanbul, Mobile phone, Moment magnitude scale, Monastery of Stoudios, Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits, Moscow, Moscow metropolitan area, MSNBC, Municipal Council of Istanbul, Murad IV, Murat Kurum, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, My Father and My Son, National Library of Israel, National Palaces Painting Museum, Neoclassical architecture, Neolithic, Neolithic Revolution, Net zero emissions, New Mosque, Istanbul, New Rome, Nişantaşı, Nika riots, Nile, North Anatolian Fault, NTV (Turkish TV channel), Nuruosmaniye Mosque, Oak, Obelisk, Obelisk of Theodosius, Occupation of Istanbul, Oceanic climate, OECD, Ordu Province, Orient Express, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Mosque, Otoyol 1, Otoyol 2, Otoyol 3, Otoyol 4, Otoyol 7, Ottoman architecture, Ottoman Caliphate, Ottoman claim to Roman succession, Ottoman cuisine, Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman miniature, Ottoman Navy, Ottoman Turks, Outline of Istanbul, Overfishing, Palace of Blachernae, Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, Pammakaristos Church, Pelagic fish, Pera Museum, Pescennius Niger, Phanar Greek Orthodox College, Pharaoh, Philip Mansel, Pistacia terebinthus, Platanus orientalis, Pliny the Elder, Polis, Porphyry (geology), Port of Haydarpaşa, Port of Istanbul, Porto, Posta (newspaper), Postal code, President of Turkey, Princes' Islands, Principality of Bulgaria, Prison of Anemas, Private school, Private university, Provinces of Turkey, Pseudomaquis, Purchasing power parity, Pylon (architecture), Pyracantha coccinea, Qadi, Quercus cerris, Quercus coccifera, Rain and snow mixed, Rams Park, Rapid transit, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey, Relief, Renaissance Revival architecture, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Republican People's Party, Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey, Ring road, Rize Province, Robert College, Robinia, Rock'n Coke, Rococo, Role of Christianity in civilization, Roman circus, Roman emperor, Roman Empire, Roman usurper, Rosaceae, Rose-ringed parakeet, RSSSF, Rumelihisarı, Sabah (newspaper), Sabancı University, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, Sacrificial tripod, Safavid dynasty, Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Samsun Province, Samuel Morse, Sanremo, SantralIstanbul, Sarayburnu, Sarıyer, São Paulo Art Biennial, Sözcü, Süleymaniye Mosque, Süper Lig, Science education, Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, Sea bass, Sea of Marmara, Second Athenian League, Second Constitutional Era, Septimius Severus, Serpent Column, Seven hills of Istanbul, Seville Cathedral, Sewage treatment, Shahada, Show TV, Silahtarağa Power Station, Silk Road, Sinan Erdem Dome, Sinop Province, Sirkeci, Sirkeci railway station, Sivas, Skyland İstanbul, Smog, Social stratification, Spanish language, Spartium, Spice Bazaar, Sports club, St. George's Austrian High School, Stained glass, Star TV (Turkish TV channel), Stone pine, Storm Elpis, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultangazi, Sulukule, Summer Olympic Games, Sunni Islam, Supreme Election Council (Turkey), Suspension bridge, Taksim Military Barracks, Taksim Square, Taksim Stadium, Tanzimat, Tarlabaşı, Tünel, Türk Telekom, Teknofest, Telephone exchange, Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, Temperate climate, The Guardian, The World Is Not Enough, Theodosius Cistern, Theodosius I, Thessaloniki, Thracians, Three Pashas, Thutmose III, Tilia, Time in Turkey, Toll road, Topkapı Palace, Topkapi (film), Trabzon Province, Track and field, Tram, Trams in Istanbul, Treaty of Lausanne, Treaty of Sèvres, TRT World, Tulip, Turkey, Turkification, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkish alphabet, Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum, Turkish Grand Prix, Turkish language, Turkish Levantine, Turkish lira, Turkish motorcycle Grand Prix, Turkish Naval Academy, Turkish people, Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, Turkish State Railways, Turkish Statistical Institute, Turkish straits, Turkish television drama, Turkish War of Independence, Turyol, Tuzla, Istanbul, TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall, Twenty-foot equivalent unit, UEFA, UEFA Euro 2012, UEFA Euro 2016, UEFA stadium categories, United States dollar, Urban heat island, Urban renewal, Urban seismic risk, Uzak, VakıfBank S.K., Varlık Vergisi, Venice Biennale, Vocational school, Vocational university, Walls of Constantinople, Water supply, World Athletics, World Heritage Site, World Touring Car Championship, World War I, Xeriscaping, Yalı, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, Yıldız Palace, Yıldız Park, Yenikapı, Yeniköy, Sarıyer, Young Turk Revolution, Zazas, Zeyrek Mosque, Zorlu Center, .istanbul, 150 personae non gratae of Turkey, 1766 Istanbul earthquake, 1894 Istanbul earthquake, 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 2000 Summer Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2005 UEFA Champions League final, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2009 UEFA Cup final, 2010 FIBA World Championship, 2011–12 Euroleague, 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2012 Summer Olympics, 2014 Istanbul mayoral election, 2016–17 EuroLeague, 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, 2019 Turkish local elections, 2019 UEFA Super Cup, 2020 Summer Olympics, 2020 UEFA Champions League final, 2021 UEFA Champions League final, 2023 Turkish presidential election, 2024 Istanbul mayoral election, 31 March incident, 360 (TV channel).