Marine food web & Zooplankton - Unionpedia, the concept map

Algae

Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.

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Amphipoda

Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies.

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Autotroph

An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms.

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Bacterioplankton

Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column.

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Biological carbon fixation

Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide) to organic compounds.

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Biological pump

The biological pump (or ocean carbon biological pump or marine biological carbon pump) is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments.

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Biomass (ecology)

Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.

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Body plan

A body plan, Bauplan, or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.

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Cephalopod

A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδες,; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus.

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Chemotroph

A chemotroph Greek words “chemo” (meaning chemical) and “troph” (meaning nourishment) is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.

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Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

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Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.

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Copepod

Copepods (meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat.

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Coral reef

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.

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Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting tail-like abdomen, usually hidden entirely under the thorax (brachyura means "short tail" in Greek).

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Crustacean

Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.

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Ctenophora

Ctenophora (ctenophore) comprise a phylum of marine invertebrates, commonly known as comb jellies, that inhabit sea waters worldwide.

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Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.

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Detritus

In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material.

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Diatom

A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.

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Diel vertical migration

Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes.

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Dinoflagellate

The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists.

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Dissolved organic carbon

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the fraction of organic carbon operationally defined as that which can pass through a filter with a pore size typically between 0.22 and 0.7 micrometers.

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Filter feeder

Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ.

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Flagellate

A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.

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Food web

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

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Gelatinous zooplankton

Gelatinous zooplankton are fragile animals that live in the water column in the ocean.

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Graeme Hays

Graeme C. Hays (born 1966) is a British and Australian marine ecologist known for his work with sea turtles and plankton.

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Heterotroph

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.

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High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions

High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are regions of the ocean where the abundance of phytoplankton is low and fairly constant despite the availability of macronutrients.

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Jellyfish

Jellyfish, also known as sea jellies, are the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, which is a major part of the phylum Cnidaria.

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Krill

Krill (Euphausiids), (krill) are small and exclusively marine crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea, found in all the world's oceans.

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Larva

A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.

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Leatherback sea turtle

The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), sometimes called the lute turtle, leathery turtle or simply the luth, is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile, reaching lengths of up to and weights of.

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Marine biogeochemical cycles

Marine biogeochemical cycles are biogeochemical cycles that occur within marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

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Marine primary production

Marine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide.

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Marine protists

Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

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Marine sediment

Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.

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Marine snow

In the deep ocean, marine snow (also known as "ocean dandruff") is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.

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Mesopelagic zone

The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones.

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Microbial loop

The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s, Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, and anthrax. Because microorganisms include most unicellular organisms from all three domains of life they can be extremely diverse. Two of the three domains, Archaea and Bacteria, only contain microorganisms. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms as well as many unicellular protists and protozoans that are microbes. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. There are also many multicellular organisms that are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi, and some algae, but these are generally not considered microorganisms. Microorganisms can have very different habitats, and live everywhere from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks, and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure, and a few, such as Deinococcus radiodurans, to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. There is evidence that 3.45-billion-year-old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods and treat sewage, and to produce fuel, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. Microbes are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. Microbes are a vital component of fertile soil. In the human body, microorganisms make up the human microbiota, including the essential gut flora. The pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases are microbes and, as such, are the target of hygiene measures.

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Mixotroph

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode on the continuum from complete autotrophy at one end to heterotrophy at the other.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Naked eye

Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

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Narcomedusae

Narcomedusae is an order of hydrozoans in the subclass Trachylinae.

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Ocean

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.

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Ocean sunfish

The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is one of the largest bony fish in the world.

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Octopus

An octopus (octopuses or octopodes) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda. The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.

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Oligotrich

The oligotrichs are a group of ciliates, included among the spirotrichs.

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Oligotroph

An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients.

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Organism

An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.

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Parasitism

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Phaeocystis

Phaeocystis is a genus of algae belonging to the Prymnesiophyte class and to the larger division of Haptophyta.

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Photic zone

The photic zone (or euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone) is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

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Physonectae

Physonectae is a suborder of siphonophores.

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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems.

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Plankton

Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in water (or air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against currents (or wind).

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Primary production

In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.

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Protozoa

Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.

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Pteropoda

Pteropoda (common name pteropods, from the Greek meaning "wing-foot") are specialized free-swimming pelagic sea snails and sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropods.

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Salp

A salp (plural salps, also known colloquially as “sea grape”) or salpa (plural salpae or salpas) is a barrel-shaped, planktonic tunicate in the family Salpidae.

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Sea cucumber

Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad.

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Siphonophorae

Siphonophorae (from Greek siphōn 'tube' + pherein 'to bear') is an order within Hydrozoa, which is a class of marine organisms within the phylum Cnidaria.

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Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.

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Swordfish

The swordfish (Xiphias gladius), also known as the broadbill in some countries, are large, highly migratory predatory fish characterized by a long, flat, pointed bill.

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Tetrapturus

Tetrapturus is a genus of marlins commonly called spearfish, found in tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world.

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Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.

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Tuna

A tuna (tunas or tuna) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family.

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University of Oldenburg

The Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg) is a university located in Oldenburg, Germany.

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Zooplankton

Zooplankton are the animal (or heterotrophic) component of the planktonic community (the "zoo-" prefix comes from), having to consume other organisms to thrive.

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