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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp (also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust.

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Cross of Merit (Poland)

The Cross of Merit is a Polish civil state decoration established on 23 June 1923, to recognize services to the state.

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Cross of Valour (Poland)

The Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration.

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Education in Poland during World War II

During World War II in Poland, education often took place underground.

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Gulag

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.

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Home Army

The Home Army (Armia Krajowa,; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

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Jagiellonian University

The Jagiellonian University (UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland.

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Lech Kaczyński

Lech Aleksander Kaczyński (18 June 194910 April 2010) was a Polish politician who served as the city mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 2005, and as President of Poland from 2005 until his death in 2010.

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Ministry of Public Security (Poland)

The Ministry of Public Security (Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego), was the secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage agency operating in the Polish People's Republic.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

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Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.

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Order of Polonia Restituta

The Order of Polonia Restituta (Order Odrodzenia Polski, Order of Restored Poland) is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Podporuchik

Podporuchik (potporučnik, podporučík, podporucznik, подпору́чик, подпоручик, podporučík) is the most junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in English-speaking countries.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polish resistance movement in World War II

In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Jan Paweł II; Giovanni Paolo II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła,; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Solidarity (Polish trade union)

Solidarity („Solidarność”), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" (Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”, abbreviated NSZZ „Solidarność”), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland.

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Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan

Türkmenbaşy (Turkmen Cyrillic: Түркменбашы, Turkmen Arabic; توركمنباشی, also spelled Turkmenbashy and Turkmenbashi, the latter a back-formation of the Cyrillic Түркменбаши), formerly known as Krasnovodsk (Красноводск), Kyzyl-Su, and Shagadam (Şagadam), is a city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea.

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Temple University

Temple University (Temple or TU) is a public state-related research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Thiamine deficiency

Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B1).

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Typhus

Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.

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Union of Armed Struggle

The Union of Armed Struggle (Związek Walki Zbrojnej; ZWZ), also translated as the Union for Armed Struggle, Association of Armed Struggle, and Association for Armed Struggle, was an underground army formed in Poland following its invasion in September 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union that opened World War II.

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Université de Montréal

The (UdeM;; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Virtuti Militari

The War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin: "For Military Virtue", Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising (powstanie warszawskie; Warschauer Aufstand), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (powstanie sierpniowe), was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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