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NATO, the Glossary

Afghan Armed Forces

The Afghan Armed Forces, officially the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Dari: نیروهای مسلح امارت اسلامی افغانستان) also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Armed Forces, is the military of Afghanistan, commanded by the Taliban government from 1997 to 2001 and since August 2021.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. NATO and al-Qaeda are anti-communist organizations and Supraorganizations.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri or Shqipëria), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Allied Command Europe Mobile Force

The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force (AMF) was a small NATO quick reaction force, headquartered at Heidelberg, Germany, active from 1960 to 2002.

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Allied Command Transformation

Allied Command Transformation (ACT) (French: Commandement allié Transformation) is a military command of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), formed in 2003 after restructuring.

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Animus in consulendo liber

Animus in consulendo liber (Latin: "A mind unfettered in deliberation") is the motto of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

In February and March 2014, Russia invaded the Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and then annexed it.

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ANZUS

The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is a 1951 collective security agreement initially formed as a trilateral agreement between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States; and from 1986 an agreement between New Zealand and Australia, and separately, Australia and the United States, to co-operate on military matters in the Pacific Ocean region, although today the treaty is taken to relate to conflicts worldwide. NATO and ANZUS are 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War treaties and military alliances involving the United States.

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Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.

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Arms embargo

An arms embargo is a restriction or a set of sanctions that applies either solely to weaponry or also to "dual-use technology." An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes.

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Army of Republika Srpska

The Army of Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске/Vojska Republike Srpske; ВРС/VRS), commonly referred to in English as the Bosnian Serb Army, was the military of Republika Srpska, the self-proclaimed Serb secessionist republic, a territory within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina (formerly part of Yugoslavia), which it defied and fought against.

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Army Times

Army Times (ISSN 0004–2595) is a newspaper published 26 times a year serving active, reserve, national guard and retired United States Army personnel and their families, providing news, information and analysis as well as community and lifestyle features, educational supplements, and resource guides.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Atlantic Council

The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961.

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Atlantic Treaty Association

The Atlantic Treaty Association (ATA) is an umbrella organization which draws together political leaders, academics, military officials, and diplomats to support the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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Atlanticism

Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideology which advocates a close alliance between nations in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and in Europe on political, economic, and defense issues.

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AUKUS

AUKUS, also styled as Aukus, is a trilateral security partnership for the Indo-Pacific region between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO and AUKUS are international military organizations.

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AUSCANNZUKUS

AUSCANNZUKUS is an abbreviation for the naval Command, Control, Communications and Computers (C4) interoperability organization involving the Anglosphere nations of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO and AUSCANNZUKUS are international military organizations.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.

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Balkan Pact (1953)

The Balkan Pact (Βαλκανικό Σύμφωνο, Балкански пакт, Балкански пакт, Balkanski pakt, Balkan Paktı) of 1953, officially known as the Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation, was a treaty signed by Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia on 28 February 1953. NATO and Balkan Pact (1953) are 20th-century military alliances, military alliances involving Greece and military alliances involving Turkey.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Ballistic missile

A ballistic missile (BM) is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target.

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Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Banja Luka incident

The Banja Luka incident, on 28 February 1994, was an incident in which six Republika Srpska Air Force J-21 Jastreb single-seat light attack jets were engaged, and four of them shot down, by NATO warplanes from the United States Air Force.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo (Congo belge,; Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Benelux

The Benelux Union (Benelux Unie; Union Benelux; Benelux-Unioun) or Benelux is a politico-economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighbouring states in Western Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

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Berlin Plus agreement

The Berlin Plus agreement is the short title of a comprehensive package of agreements made between NATO and the EU on 16 December 2002.

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).

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Bloomberg L.P.

Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Bosnian War

The Bosnian War (Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following a number of earlier violent incidents.

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Breakup of Yugoslavia

After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, the constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused a series of inter-ethnic Yugoslav Wars.

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British Aerospace Sea Harrier

The British Aerospace Sea Harrier is a naval short take-off and vertical landing/vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.

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Central and Eastern Europe

Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia.

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Central Treaty Organization

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), formerly known as the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) and also known as the Baghdad Pact, was a military alliance of the Cold War. NATO and Central Treaty Organization are 20th-century military alliances, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War treaties, international military organizations, military alliances involving the United Kingdom and military alliances involving the United States.

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Chair of the NATO Military Committee

The Chair of the NATO Military Committee (CMC) is the head of the NATO Military Committee, which advises the North Atlantic Council (NAC) on military policy and strategy.

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Chief of defence

A chief of defence (or head of defence) is the highest ranked commissioned officer of a nation's armed forces.

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Chief of the Defence Staff

Chief of (the) Defence Staff may refer to.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chinese Century

The Chinese Century is a neologism suggesting that the 21st century may be geoeconomically or geopolitically dominated by the People's Republic of China, similar to how the "American Century" refers to the 20th century and the "British Centuries" to the 18th and 19th, same in the 17-18th centuries dominated by France and the 15-16th centuries dominated by Spain.

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Christopher G. Cavoli

Christopher Gerard Cavoli is a general in the United States Army who serves as the commander of United States European Command since 1 July 2022 and Supreme Allied Commander Europe since 4 July 2022.

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City of Brussels

The City of Brussels is the largest municipality and historical centre of the Brussels-Capital Region, as well as the capital of the Flemish Region (from which it is separate) and Belgium.

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Civilian casualties during Operation Allied Force

Many human rights groups criticised civilian casualties resulting from military actions of NATO forces in Operation Allied Force.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006

In January 2006, NATO's focus in southern Afghanistan was to form Provincial Reconstruction Teams with the British leading in Helmand Province and the Netherlands, Australia and Canada leading similar deployments in Orūzgān Province and Kandahar Province respectively.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Cold War (1947–1948)

The Cold War from 1947 to 1948 is the period within the Cold War from the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to the incapacitation of the Allied Control Council in 1948.

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Collective security

Collective security is a multi-lateral security arrangement between states in which each state in the institution accepts that an attack on one state is the concern of all and merits a collective response to threats by all.

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Collective Security Treaty Organization

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is an intergovernmental military alliance in Eurasia consisting of six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan, formed in 2002. NATO and Collective Security Treaty Organization are 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances and international military organizations.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.

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Common Security and Defence Policy

The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the European Union's (EU) course of action in the fields of defence and crisis management, and a main component of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia.

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Congressional Research Service

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress.

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Constitution of Ukraine

The Constitution of Ukraine (translit) is the fundamental law of Ukraine.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Daily Sabah

The Daily Sabah is a Turkish pro-government daily newspaper, published in Turkey.

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Dassault Mirage 2000

The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation.

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Dayton Agreement

The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords (Дејтонски мировни споразум), and colloquially known as the Dayton (Dayton, Dejton, Дејтон) in ex-Yugoslav parlance, is the peace agreement reached at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio, United States, finalised on 21 November 1995, and formally signed in Paris, on 14 December 1995.

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Democratic consolidation

Democratic consolidation is the process by which a new democracy matures, in a way that it becomes unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock, and is regarded as the only available system of government within a country.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

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Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Der Spiegel (website)

() is a German news website.

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Deterrence theory

Deterrence theory refers to the scholarship and practice of how threats of using force by one party can convince another party to refrain from initiating some other course of action.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

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Economic sanctions

Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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Enlargement of NATO

NATO is a military alliance of thirty-two European and North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense.

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Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

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Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a post–Cold War, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) institution.

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Eurocorps

Eurocorps, located in the French city of Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin), is a multinational corps headquarters.

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Eurofighter Typhoon

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, supersonic, canard delta wing, multirole fighter.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. NATO and European Union are organisations based in Brussels.

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Exercise Mainbrace

Exercise Mainbrace was the first large-scale naval exercise undertaken by the newly established Allied Command Atlantic (ACLANT), one of the two principal military commands of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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Fall of Kabul (2021)

On 15 August 2021, Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul was captured by the Taliban after a major insurgent offensive that began in May 2021.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Five Eyes

The Five Eyes (FVEY) is an anglosphere intelligence alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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Five Power Defence Arrangements

The Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) are a series of bilateral defence relationships established by a series of multi-lateral agreements between Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom, all of which are Commonwealth members that once belonged to the British Empire. NATO and Five Power Defence Arrangements are 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances, cold War treaties, international military organizations and military alliances involving the United Kingdom.

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Flag of NATO

The flag of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) consists of a dark blue field charged with a white compass rose emblem, with four white lines radiating from the four cardinal directions.

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Force de dissuasion

The Force de dissuasion ('Deterrence Force'), known as the Force de frappe ('Strike Force') prior to 1961,Gunston, Bill.

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Foreign Policy and Security Research Center

Foreign Policy and Security Research center established in 2008 by Doctors of History and Ph.D. in history, law, foreign policy and other subjects, currently working in public institutions of Belarus: Belarusian National Technical University, Academy of Public Administration under the aegis of the President of the Republic of Belarus, Belarusian State University (Faculty of International Relations).

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Foreign relations of Israel

Foreign relations of Israel refers to diplomatic and trade relations between Israel and other countries around the world.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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France 24

France 24 (vingt-quatre in French) is a French publicly-funded international news television network based in Paris.

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Free World Military Assistance Forces

Free World Military Assistance Forces (FWMAF also known as Free World Military Forces or FWMF) was the group of allied nations who sent troops to fight in the Vietnam War under the FWMF banner, assisting the United States and South Vietnam against the Viet Cong (VC), China, Soviet Union, North Korea and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN).

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French Air and Space Force

The French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces.

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French Algeria

French Algeria (Alger until 1839, then Algérie afterwards; unofficially Algérie française, الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France.

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French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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G7

The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political and economic forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member".

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General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF).

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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German reunification

German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Goražde

Goražde (Горажде) is a city and the administrative center of the Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Government Accountability Office

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan government agency within the legislative branch that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.

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Gulf Cooperation Council

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية.), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

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Gulf of Aden

The Gulf of Aden (خليج عدن; Gacanka Cadmeed) is a deepwater gulf of the Indian Ocean between Yemen to the north, the Arabian Sea to the east, Djibouti to the west, and the Guardafui Channel, Socotra and Somalia to the south.

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Hamid Karzai

Hamid Karzai (Pashto/حامد کرزی,,; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan politician who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan from December 2004 to September 2014.

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History of the Common Security and Defence Policy

This article outlines the history of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union (EU), a part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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I German/Dutch Corps

1 German-Netherlands Corps (1GNC) is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the Royal Netherlands Army and German Army.

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Iceland

Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.

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Implementation Force

The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename Operation Joint Endeavour.

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Incident at Pristina airport

A confrontation between Russian forces and NATO forces over the Pristina International Airport occurred on 12 June 1999, in the aftermath of the Kosovo War.

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Individual Partnership Action Plan

Individual Partnership Action Plans (IPAP) are plans developed between NATO and different countries which outline the objectives and the communication framework for dialogue and cooperation between both parties.

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Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (commonly known as the Rio Treaty, the Rio Pact, the Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, or by the Spanish-language acronym TIAR from Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca) is an intergovernmental collective security agreement signed in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro among many countries of the Americas. NATO and inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance are 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances, anti-communist organizations, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War organizations, cold War treaties and military alliances involving the United States.

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Interdiction

Interdiction is interception of an object prior to its arrival at the location where it is to be used in military, espionage, and law enforcement.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a global non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995.

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International humanitarian law

International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).

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International organization

An international organization, also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is an organization that is established by a treaty or other type of instrument governed by international law and possesses its own legal personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and NATO.

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International Security Assistance Force

The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was a multinational military mission in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014.

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Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

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Iraq War

The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.

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Iraqi Interim Government

The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the drafting of the new constitution following the National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005.

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Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait began on 2 August 1990 and marked the beginning of the Gulf War.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.

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Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition

The Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC) is an intergovernmental counter-terrorist military alliance between 42 member states in the Muslim world, united around the war against the Islamic State and other counter-terrorist activities. NATO and Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition are 21st-century military alliances, military alliances involving Turkey and Supraorganizations.

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Islamic State

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Istanbul Cooperation Initiative

The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) is a NATO initiative that was launched during the organisation's 2004 Istanbul summit.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

See NATO and Japan

Jens Stoltenberg

Jens Stoltenberg, OMC (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician who has been serving as the 13th secretary general of NATO since 2014.

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Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

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Kabul

Kabul is the capital city of Afghanistan.

See NATO and Kabul

Kandahar International Airport

Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport, also referred to as Kandahar International Airport (د کندهار نړيوال هوايي ډګر), and by some military officials as Kandahar Airfield, KAF), is located in the Daman District of Kandahar Province in Afghanistan, about southeast from the city of Kandahar.

See NATO and Kandahar International Airport

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

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Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea; it began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased upon an armistice on 27 July 1953.

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Kosovo Force

The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo.

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Kosovo Liberation Army

The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA; Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës, UÇK) was an ethnic Albanian separatist militia that sought the separation of Kosovo, the vast majority of which is inhabited by Albanians, from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and Serbia during the 1990s. NATO and Kosovo Liberation Army are anti-communist organizations.

See NATO and Kosovo Liberation Army

Kosovo War

The Kosovo War (Lufta e Kosovës; Kosovski rat) was an armed conflict in Kosovo that lasted from 28 February 1998 until 11 June 1999.

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Kuwait

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.

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Kyiv Post

The Kyiv Post is the oldest English-language newspaper in Ukraine, founded in October 1995 by Jed Sunden.

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Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

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Latin Americans

Latin Americans (Latinoamericanos; Latino-americanos) are the citizens of Latin American countries (or people with cultural, ancestral or national origins in Latin America).

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Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The legitimacy under international law of the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been questioned.

See NATO and Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

Lester B. Pearson

Lester Bowles Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian politician, diplomat, statesman, and scholar who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968.

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Levada Center

The Levada Center is a Russian independent, nongovernmental polling and sociological research organization.

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Libyan civil war (2011)

The Libyan civil war, also known as the First Libyan Civil War, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government.

See NATO and Libyan civil war (2011)

List of countries in Europe by military expenditures

This article lists military spending in European countries by varying methods including as a percentage of GDP per capita and as a total capital expenditure as listed by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute unless otherwise stated or cited.

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List of countries with highest military expenditures

This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year.

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List of military alliances

This is the list of military alliances.

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List of military equipment of NATO

This list details the military equipment used by NATO.

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List of NATO operations

Although the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) existed as an alliance and conducted joint military exercises throughout the Cold War period, it engaged in no military operations during this time.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

See NATO and Lithuania

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is an American family of single-seat, single-engine, stealth multirole combat aircraft designed for air superiority and strike missions; it also has electronic warfare and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities.

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London and Paris Conferences

The London and Paris Conferences were two related conferences held in London and Paris during September–October 1954 to determine the status of West Germany.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.

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Major non-NATO ally

A major non-NATO ally (MNNA) is a designation given by the United States government to countries that have strategic working relationships with the U.S. Armed Forces while not being members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO and major non-NATO ally are 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances and military alliances involving the United States.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Mauritania

Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. By land area Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and 28th-largest in the world; 90% of its territory is in the Sahara.

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McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II

The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is an American tandem two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor and fighter-bomber originally developed by McDonnell Aircraft for the United States Navy.

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Mediterranean Dialogue

The Mediterranean Dialogue, first launched in 1994, is a forum of cooperation between NATO and seven countries of the Mediterranean.

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Member states of NATO

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is an international military alliance consisting of 32 member states from Europe and North America.

See NATO and Member states of NATO

Mercenary

A mercenary, also called a merc, soldier of fortune, or hired gun, is a private individual who joins an armed conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official military.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Mike Jackson (British Army officer)

General Sir Michael David Jackson, (born 21 March 1944) is a retired British Army officer and one of its most high-profile generals since the Second World War.

See NATO and Mike Jackson (British Army officer)

Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

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Military alliance

A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security.

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Military exercise

A military exercise, training exercise, maneuver (manoeuvre), or war game is the employment of military resources in training for military operations.

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Moldova

Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, on the northeastern corner of the Balkans.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

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Mons, Belgium

Mons (German and Bergen,; Walloon and Mont) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

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Montenegro

Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.

See NATO and Muammar Gaddafi

Multi-National Force – Iraq

The Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I), often referred to as the Coalition forces, was a military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War, led by the United States of America (Operation Iraqi Freedom), United Kingdom (Operation Telic), Australia, Italy (Operation Ancient Babylon), Spain and Poland, responsible for conducting and handling military operations. NATO and Multi-National Force – Iraq are 21st-century military alliances.

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Multinational Corps Northeast

The Multinational Corps Northeast was formed on 18 September 1999 at Szczecin, Poland, which became its headquarters.

See NATO and Multinational Corps Northeast

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American. NATO and NATO are 1949 in military history, 20th-century military alliances, 21st-century military alliances, anti-communist organizations, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War organizations, cold War treaties, foreign relations of the Soviet Union, international military organizations, military alliances involving Albania, military alliances involving Belgium, military alliances involving Bulgaria, military alliances involving Canada, military alliances involving Croatia, military alliances involving Denmark, military alliances involving Estonia, military alliances involving Finland, military alliances involving France, military alliances involving Germany, military alliances involving Greece, military alliances involving Hungary, military alliances involving Italy, military alliances involving Latvia, military alliances involving Lithuania, military alliances involving Luxembourg, military alliances involving Norway, military alliances involving Poland, military alliances involving Portugal, military alliances involving Romania, military alliances involving Spain, military alliances involving Sweden, military alliances involving Turkey, military alliances involving the Czech Republic, military alliances involving the Netherlands, military alliances involving the United Kingdom, military alliances involving the United States, military units and formations established in 1949, organisations based in Brussels and Supraorganizations.

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NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.

See NATO and NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

NATO Enhanced Forward Presence

Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) is a NATO-allied forward-deployed defense and deterrence military force in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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NATO global partners

NATO global partners, or partners across the globe are countries that cooperate with NATO on a regular basis, but are unable to join the alliance due to Article 10 restricting countries eligible to join the alliance to those in Europe.

See NATO and NATO global partners

NATO headquarters

The NATO headquarters is the political and administrative center of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a series of actions undertaken by NATO whose stated aim was to establish long-term peace during and after the Bosnian War.

See NATO and NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina

NATO Medal

The NATO Medal is an international military decoration which is awarded to various militaries of the world under the authority of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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NATO Military Committee

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)'s Military Committee (MC) is the body that is composed of member states' Chiefs of Defence (CHOD).

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NATO Parliamentary Assembly

The NATO Parliamentary Assembly serves as the consultative interparliamentary organisation for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy

The NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy (NRDC-ITA) is a multi-national corps headquarters of the Italian Army.

See NATO and NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy

NATO Response Force

The NATO Response Force (NRF) is a high-readiness NATO rapid deployment force comprising land, sea, air, and special forces units capable of being deployed quickly within short notice.

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NATO Training Mission – Iraq

The NATO Training Mission-Iraq (NTM-I) was established in 2004 at the request of the, at that point unelected, Iraqi Interim Government under the provisions of UN Security Council Resolution 1546.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nicolas Sarkozy

Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as the president of France and co-prince of Andorra from 2007 to 2012.

See NATO and Nicolas Sarkozy

No-fly zone

A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly.

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North Atlantic Council

The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is the principal political decision-making body of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), consisting of permanent representatives of its member countries.

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North Atlantic Treaty

The North Atlantic Treaty forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO and North Atlantic Treaty are 1949 in military history and cold War treaties.

See NATO and North Atlantic Treaty

North Macedonia

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe.

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Northeast Asia Treaty Organization

The Northeast Asia Treaty Organization (NEATO) was a proposed international organization for collective defense in Northeast Asia. NATO and Northeast Asia Treaty Organization are anti-communist organizations and cold War alliances and military strategy.

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Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)

The 2019–2020 northwestern Syria offensive, codenamed "Dawn of Idlib 2," was a military operation launched by the armed forces of the Syrian Arab Republic, Russia, Iran, Hezbollah and other allied militias against Syrian opposition and allied fighters of the Syrian National Army, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, Rouse the Believers Operations Room, the Turkistan Islamic Party, and other rebel and Salafi jihadist forces in Idlib and surrounding governorates during the Syrian civil war.

See NATO and Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)

Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Opération Harmattan

Opération Harmattan was the French participation in the 2011 military intervention in Libya.

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Operation Active Endeavour

Operation Active Endeavour was a maritime operation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

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Operation Active Fence

Operation Active Fence is an ongoing NATO operation to protect the Turkish southern border region with Syria as part of the ongoing Syrian Civil War.

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Operation Althea

Operation Althea, formally the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), is a military deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the Dayton Agreement.

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Operation Deliberate Force

Operation Deliberate Force was a sustained air campaign conducted by NATO, in concert with the UNPROFOR ground operations, to undermine the military capability of the Army of Republika Srpska, which had threatened and attacked UN-designated "safe areas" in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War with the Srebrenica genocide and Markale massacres, precipitating the intervention.

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Operation Deny Flight

Operation Deny Flight was a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operation that began on 12 April 1993 as the enforcement of a United Nations (UN) no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Operation Eagle Assist

Operation Eagle Assist was a NATO operation where AWACS aircraft patrolled the skies over the United States following the September 11 attacks.

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Operation Essential Harvest

Operation Essential Harvest (or Task Force Harvest) was a deployment mission in the Republic of Macedonia by NATO, officially launched on August 22, 2001, and effectively started on August 27.

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Operation Ocean Shield

Operation Ocean Shield was NATO's contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA), an anti-piracy initiative in the Indian Ocean, Guardafui Channel, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea.

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Operation Sharp Guard

Operation Sharp Guard was a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia.

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Operation Unified Protector

Operation Unified Protector was a NATO operation in 2011 enforcing United Nations Security Council resolutions 1970 and 1973 concerning the Libyan Civil War and adopted on 26 February and 17 March 2011, respectively.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Partnership for Peace

The Partnership for Peace (PfP; Partenariat pour la paix) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust and cooperation between the member states of NATO and other states mostly in Europe, including post-Soviet states; 18 states are members.

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Philippe Lavigne

Philippe Lavigne is a French general.

See NATO and Philippe Lavigne

Piracy off the coast of Somalia

Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, and Somali Sea, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding places and has a long troubled history with different perspectives from different communities.

See NATO and Piracy off the coast of Somalia

Pituffik Space Base

Pituffik Space Base, formerly Thule Air Base, is the United States Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces, located north of the Arctic Circle and from the North Pole on the northwest coast of Greenland.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

See NATO and Post-Soviet states

Qatar

Qatar (قطر) officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.

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Ranks and insignia of NATO

A standard grade scale is used by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and its partners for the purpose of comparing military ranks across the member nations militaries.

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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014.

See NATO and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Red line (phrase)

The red line, or "to cross the red line", is a phrase used worldwide to mean a figurative point of no return or line in the sand, or "the fastest, farthest, or highest point or degree considered safe.".

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Resolute Support Mission

Resolute Support Mission (RSM) or Operation Resolute Support was a NATO-led multinational mission in Afghanistan.

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Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

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Revolution of Dignity

The Revolution of Dignity (translit), also known as the Maidan Revolution or the Ukrainian Revolution, took place in Ukraine in February 2014 at the end of the Euromaidan protests, when deadly clashes between protesters and state forces in the capital Kyiv culminated in the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych, the return to the 2004 Constitution of Ukraine, and the outbreak of the 2014 Russo-Ukrainian War.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world. NATO and revolutions of 1989 are foreign relations of the Soviet Union.

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Richard Holbrooke

Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (April 24, 1941 – December 13, 2010) was an American diplomat and author.

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Right of first refusal

Right of first refusal (ROFR or RFR) is a contractual right that gives its holder the option to enter a business transaction with the owner of something, according to specified terms, before the owner is entitled to enter into that transaction with a third party.

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Rob Bauer

Robert Peter Bauer (born 11 November 1962) is an officer of the Royal Netherlands Navy who has been serving as Chair of the NATO Military Committee since June 2021, succeeding Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach of the Royal Air Force of the United Kingdom.

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Robert Gates

Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American intelligence analyst and university president who served as the 22nd United States secretary of defense from 2006 to 2011.

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Roll Call

Roll Call is a newspaper and website published in Washington, D.C., United States, when the United States Congress is in session, reporting news of legislative and political maneuverings on Capitol Hill, as well as political coverage of congressional elections across the country.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Royal Danish Air Force

The Royal Danish Air Force (lit) (RDAF) is the aerial warfare force of the Kingdom of Denmark and one of the four branches of the Danish Armed Forces.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russia–NATO relations

Relations between the NATO military alliance and the Russian Federation were established in 1991 within the framework of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council.

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Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts

On 30 September 2022, Russia, amid an ongoing invasion of Ukraine, unilaterally declared its annexation of areas in and around four Ukrainian oblasts—Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia.

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Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.

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Russian occupation of Crimea

On 27 February 2014, unmarked Russian soldiers were deployed to the Crimean Peninsula in order to wrest control of it from Ukraine, triggering the Russo-Ukrainian War.

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Russian separatist forces in Ukraine

Russian separatist forces in Ukraine, primarily the People's Militias of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), were pro-Russian paramilitaries in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine.

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Secretary General of NATO

The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an intergovernmental military alliance with 32 member states.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Security Studies (journal)

Security Studies is a peer-reviewed quarterly academic journal covering international relations published by Routledge that was established in 1991.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Serbia and Montenegro

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora) or simply Serbia and Montenegro (Srbija i Crna Gora), known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna Republika Jugoslavija), FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija), was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).

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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. NATO and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation are international military organizations.

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Sightline Media Group, formerly Gannett Government Media and Army Times Publishing Company, is a United States company that publishes newspapers, magazines, websites, and other publications about the U.S. and other militaries.

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Slobodan Milošević

Slobodan Milošević (20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the President of Serbia between 1989–1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 until his оverthrow in 2000.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

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The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.

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South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.

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South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

The South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone (abbreviations: ZPCAS or ZOPACAS; Zona de Paz y Cooperación del Atlántico Sur; Zona de Paz e Cooperação do Atlântico Sul; also called the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic) was created in 1986 through resolution A/RES/41/11 of the U.N.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines. NATO and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization are 20th-century military alliances, anti-communist organizations, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War treaties, international military organizations, military alliances involving France, military alliances involving the United Kingdom and military alliances involving the United States.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.

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Srebrenica massacre

The Srebrenica massacre, also known as the Srebrenica genocide, was the July 1995 genocide of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica, during the Bosnian War.

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Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian War.

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Standardization agreement

In NATO, a standardization agreement (STANAG, redundantly: STANAG agreement) defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the alliance.

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Standing NATO Maritime Group 1

Standing NATO Maritime Group One (SNMG1) is one of NATO's standing naval maritime immediate reaction forces.

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Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group 1

Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group 1 (SNMCMG1) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) standing mine countermeasures immediate reaction force.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Status of forces agreement

A status of forces agreement (SOFA) is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing military forces in that country.

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Structure of NATO

The Structure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is complex and multi-faceted.

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Supreme Allied Commander Europe

The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE).

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Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe

The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide.

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Suruç bombing

The Suruç bombing was a suicide attack by the Turkish sect of Islamic State named Dokumacılar against Turkish leftists that took place in the Suruç district of Şanlıurfa Province in Turkey on 20 July 2015, outside the Amara Culture Centre.

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Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

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Taliban

The Taliban (lit), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism. NATO and Taliban are Supraorganizations.

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The Daily Beast

The Daily Beast is an American news website focused on politics, media, and pop culture.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The NATO Hymn

"The NATO Hymn" is the organizational anthem of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan

The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA), also known as the Afghan Transitional Authority, was the name of the temporary transitional government in Afghanistan put in place by the loya jirga in June 2002.

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Treaty of Brussels

The Treaty of Brussels, also referred to as the Brussels Pact, was the founding treaty of the Western Union (WU) between 1948 and 1954, when it was amended as the Modified Brussels Treaty (MTB) and served as the founding treaty of the Western European Union (WEU) until its termination in 2010. NATO and treaty of Brussels are 20th-century military alliances.

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Treaty of Dunkirk

The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed on 4 March 1947, between France and the United Kingdom in Dunkirk (France) as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance against a possible German attack in the aftermath of World War II. NATO and Treaty of Dunkirk are 20th-century military alliances, military alliances involving France and military alliances involving the United Kingdom.

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Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).

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Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

The original Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was negotiated and concluded during the last years of the Cold War and established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals) and mandated the destruction of excess weaponry. NATO and Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe are cold War treaties.

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Tropic of Cancer

The Tropic of Cancer, also known as the Northern Tropic, is the Earth's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead.

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Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine is an American foreign policy that pledges American "support for democracies against authoritarian threats." The doctrine originated with the primary goal of countering the growth of the Soviet bloc during the Cold War.

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Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukraine–NATO relations

Relations between Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) started in 1991 following Ukraine's independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Ukrainian Independent Information Agency

The Ukrainian Independent Information Agency of News (translit) is a Kyiv-based Ukrainian news agency.

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Uniform Code of Military Justice

The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the foundation of the system of military justice of the armed forces of the United States.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Nations Command

United Nations Command (UNC or UN Command) is the multinational military force established to support the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during and after the Korean War.

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United Nations Protection Force

The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR; also known by its French acronym FORPRONU: Force de Protection des Nations Unies) was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1199

United Nations Security Council resolution 1199, adopted on 23 September 1998, after recalling Resolution 1160 (1998), the Council demanded that the Albanian and Yugoslav parties in Kosovo end hostilities and observe a ceasefire.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244

United Nations Security Council resolution 1244, adopted on 10 June 1999, after recalling resolutions 1160 (1998), 1199 (1998), 1203 (1998) and 1239 (1999), authorised an international civil and military presence in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: "Serbia – date of admission 1 November 2000, The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution A/RES/55/12 of 1 November 2000.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546

United Nations Security Council resolution 1546, adopted unanimously on 8 June 2004, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, the Council endorsed the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government, welcomed the end of the occupation and determined the status of the multinational force and its relationship with the Iraqi government.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973

Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 816

United Nations Security Council resolution 816, adopted on 31 March 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 781 (1992), 786 (1992) concerning a ban on military flights over Bosnia and Herzegovina and recognising the current situation in the region, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended the ban to cover flights by all fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft over the country, and to use all measures necessary to ensure compliance with the ban.

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United Press International

United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade

On May 7, 1999, during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (Operation Allied Force), five U.S. Joint Direct Attack Munition guided bombs hit the People's Republic of China embassy in Belgrade, killing three Chinese journalists and outraging the Chinese public.

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United States national missile defense

National missile defense (NMD) refers to the nationwide antimissile program the United States has had in development since the 1990s.

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United States Space Force

The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

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Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (born 9 July 1950) is a former Ukrainian politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 to 2014.

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Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.

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Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. NATO and Warsaw Pact are 20th-century military alliances, cold War alliances and military strategy, cold War organizations, cold War treaties, foreign relations of the Soviet Union, international military organizations, military alliances involving Bulgaria, military alliances involving Hungary, military alliances involving Poland and military alliances involving Romania.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Wesley Clark

Wesley Kanne Clark (born Wesley J. Kanne, December 23, 1944) is a retired United States Army officer.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

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Western Union (alliance)

The Western Union (WU), also referred to as the Brussels Treaty Organisation (BTO), was the European military alliance established between France, the United Kingdom (UK) and the three Benelux countries in September 1948 in order to implement the Treaty of Brussels signed in March the same year. NATO and Western Union (alliance) are 20th-century military alliances, cold War organizations, international military organizations, military alliances involving Belgium, military alliances involving France, military alliances involving Luxembourg, military alliances involving the Netherlands and military alliances involving the United Kingdom.

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World Food Programme

The World Food Programme (WFP) is an international organization within the United Nations that provides food assistance worldwide.

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Yugoslav Wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.

See NATO and Yugoslav Wars

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија) was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.

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1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état

In late February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état.

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1962 Algerian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in French Algeria on 1 July 1962.

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1999 Washington summit

The 1999 Washington summit was the 16th NATO summit, a three-day meeting held in Washington, D.C., on April 23–25, 1999.

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2012 Chicago summit

The 2012 Chicago summit was the 24th summit of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), held in Chicago, Illinois, on 20 and 21 May 2012.

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2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown

On 22 June 2012, a Turkish McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II reconnaissance jet was intercepted and shot down by the Syrian Army in international airspace, after having violated Syrian airspace.

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2013 Libyan coup attempt

The 2013 Libyan coup attempt was a coup d'état attempt by a group of members of the General National Congress to take control of the country from Libyan Prime Minister Ali Zeidan.

See NATO and 2013 Libyan coup attempt

2014 Wales summit

The 2014 Wales Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the 25th summit of the heads of state and heads of government of the NATO countries, held in Newport, Wales on 4 and 5 September 2014.

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2015 NATO emergency meeting

The 2015 NATO emergency meeting was an emergency convention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization called by Turkey, in accordance to Article 4 of NATO's founding treaty.

See NATO and 2015 NATO emergency meeting

2016 Warsaw summit

The 2016 Warsaw Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the 26th formal summit of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held at the National Stadium in Warsaw, Poland, on 8 and 9 July 2016.

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2020 Balyun airstrikes

On 27 February 2020, during the Dawn of Idlib 2 Operation, a joint airstrike was executed by the Russian and Syrian Air Forces against a convoy of the Turkish Army stationed in Balyun, within the Idlib Governorate.

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2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan

The United States Armed Forces completed their withdrawal from Afghanistan on 30 August 2021, marking the end of the 2001–2021 war.

See NATO and 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan

2021 Brussels summit

The 2021 Brussels summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the 30th formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Brussels, Belgium, on 14 June 2021.

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2021 Taliban offensive

The 2021 Taliban offensive was a military offensive by the Taliban insurgent group and allied militants that led to the fall of the Kabul-based Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the end of the nearly 20-year War in Afghanistan that had begun following the United States invasion of the country.

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2022 Brussels summit

The 2022 Brussels summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of NATO held in Brussels, Belgium, on 24 March 2022.

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2024 Washington summit

The 2024 Washington summit was the 33rd summit of the heads of state and government of the thirty-two members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), their partner countries and the European Union (EU), which took place in Washington, D.C., United States, on 9–11 July 2024.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO

Also known as Atlantic Alliance, Enhanced opportunity partner, Euro-Atlantic integration, Finland application to NATO, N. A. T. O., N.A.T.O, N.A.T.O., NATO (group), NATO Interoperability Management Plan, NATO exercise, NATO state, NATO troops, NATO.int, NCTO, NSTO, Natoland, North American Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Alliance, North Atlantic Pact, North Atlantic Terrorist Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), OTAN, Orders, decorations, and medals of NATO, Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord, Sweden application to NATO, The NATO, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, UK Delegation to NATO, Western alliance.

, Chief of the Defence Staff, China, Chinese Century, Christopher G. Cavoli, City of Brussels, Civilian casualties during Operation Allied Force, CNN, Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006, Cold War, Cold War (1947–1948), Collective security, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Colombia, Common Security and Defence Policy, Commonwealth of Independent States, Congressional Research Service, Constitution of Ukraine, Croatia, Czech Republic, Daily Sabah, Dassault Mirage 2000, Dayton Agreement, Democratic consolidation, Denmark, Der Spiegel, Der Spiegel (website), Deterrence theory, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, East Germany, Economic sanctions, Egypt, English language, Enlargement of NATO, Estonia, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Eurocorps, Eurofighter Typhoon, European Union, Exercise Mainbrace, Fall of Kabul (2021), Finland, Five Eyes, Five Power Defence Arrangements, Flag of NATO, Force de dissuasion, Foreign Policy and Security Research Center, Foreign relations of Israel, France, France 24, Free World Military Assistance Forces, French Air and Space Force, French Algeria, French language, G7, General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, Georgia (country), German reunification, Germany, Goražde, Government Accountability Office, Greece, Gross domestic product, Gulf Cooperation Council, Gulf of Aden, Hamid Karzai, History of the Common Security and Defence Policy, Human Rights Watch, Hungary, I German/Dutch Corps, Iceland, Implementation Force, Incident at Pristina airport, Individual Partnership Action Plan, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, Interdiction, International Crisis Group, International humanitarian law, International organization, International Security Assistance Force, Iraq, Iraq War, Iraqi Interim Government, Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Ireland, Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, Islamic State, Israel, Istanbul Cooperation Initiative, Italy, Japan, Jens Stoltenberg, Jordan, Kabul, Kandahar International Airport, Kazakhstan, Korean War, Kosovo Force, Kosovo Liberation Army, Kosovo War, Kuwait, Kyiv Post, Kyrgyzstan, Latin Americans, Latvia, Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Lester B. Pearson, Levada Center, Libyan civil war (2011), List of countries in Europe by military expenditures, List of countries with highest military expenditures, List of military alliances, List of military equipment of NATO, List of NATO operations, Lithuania, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, London and Paris Conferences, Luxembourg, Major non-NATO ally, Malta, Mauritania, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, Mediterranean Dialogue, Member states of NATO, Mercenary, Middle East, Mike Jackson (British Army officer), Mikhail Gorbachev, Military alliance, Military exercise, Moldova, Mongolia, Mons, Belgium, Montenegro, Morocco, Muammar Gaddafi, Multi-National Force – Iraq, Multinational Corps Northeast, NATO, NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, NATO global partners, NATO headquarters, NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina, NATO Medal, NATO Military Committee, NATO Parliamentary Assembly, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy, NATO Response Force, NATO Training Mission – Iraq, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicolas Sarkozy, No-fly zone, North Atlantic Council, North Atlantic Treaty, North Macedonia, Northeast Asia Treaty Organization, Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020), Norway, Opération Harmattan, Operation Active Endeavour, Operation Active Fence, Operation Althea, Operation Deliberate Force, Operation Deny Flight, Operation Eagle Assist, Operation Essential Harvest, Operation Ocean Shield, Operation Sharp Guard, Operation Unified Protector, Pakistan, Partnership for Peace, Philippe Lavigne, Piracy off the coast of Somalia, Pituffik Space Base, Poland, Portugal, Post-Soviet states, Qatar, Ranks and insignia of NATO, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Red line (phrase), Resolute Support Mission, Reuters, Revolution of Dignity, Revolutions of 1989, Richard Holbrooke, Right of first refusal, Rob Bauer, Robert Gates, Roll Call, Romania, Royal Danish Air Force, Royal Navy, Russia, Russia–NATO relations, Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian occupation of Crimea, Russian separatist forces in Ukraine, Secretary General of NATO, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Security Studies (journal), September 11 attacks, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Sightline Media Group, Slobodan Milošević, Slovakia, Slovenia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, South Asia, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, South Korea, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, Soviet Union, Spain, Sphere of influence, Srebrenica massacre, Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Standardization agreement, Standing NATO Maritime Group 1, Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group 1, Stanford University Press, Status of forces agreement, Structure of NATO, Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Suruç bombing, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian civil war, Tajikistan, Taliban, The Daily Beast, The Guardian, The NATO Hymn, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Time (magazine), Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan, Treaty of Brussels, Treaty of Dunkirk, Treaty of Lisbon, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, Tropic of Cancer, Truman Doctrine, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Ukraine–NATO relations, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency, Uniform Code of Military Justice, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Nations Command, United Nations Protection Force, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1199, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, United Nations Security Council Resolution 816, United Press International, United States, United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, United States national missile defense, United States Space Force, Uzbekistan, Viktor Yanukovych, Voice of America, Warsaw Pact, Washington, D.C., Wesley Clark, West Germany, Western Union (alliance), World Food Programme, Yugoslav Wars, Yugoslavia, 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, 1962 Algerian independence referendum, 1999 Washington summit, 2012 Chicago summit, 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown, 2013 Libyan coup attempt, 2014 Wales summit, 2015 NATO emergency meeting, 2016 Warsaw summit, 2020 Balyun airstrikes, 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan, 2021 Brussels summit, 2021 Taliban offensive, 2022 Brussels summit, 2024 Washington summit.

NATO, the Glossary

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