Nervous system & White matter - Unionpedia, the concept map

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Difference between Nervous system and White matter

Nervous system vs. White matter

In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.

Action potential

An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls.

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Axon

An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body.

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Basal ganglia

The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.

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Blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Brainstem

The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the forebrain (the cerebrum and diencephalon) with the spinal cord.

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Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

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Cerebellum

The cerebellum (cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

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Cranial nerves

Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs.

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Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.

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Grey matter

Grey matter, or brain matter in American English, is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.

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Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

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Myelin

Myelin is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's electrical wires) to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon.

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Neuron

A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.

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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

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Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals.

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