Plant, the Glossary
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.[1]
Table of Contents
399 relations: Adaptive radiation, Advanced Science, Aerobic organism, Agricultural Research Service, Agriculture, Agronomy, Algae, Alkaloid, Allelopathy, Allergic rhinitis, Allergy, Alternation of generations, Amber, American Journal of Botany, Anemophily, Animal, Animal husbandry, Ant, Antarctic flora, Antifreeze protein, Aquatic plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, Araucaria mirabilis, Archaeology, Archaeopteris, Archaeplastida, Aristotle, Aristotle's biology, Asexual reproduction, Aspirin, Autotroph, Bacteria, Barbara McClintock, BBC, Bean, Biofuel, Biological dispersal, Biology, Biomass (ecology), Biome, BioScience, BioSystems, Bloomsbury Publishing, Bonsai, Botany, British Geological Survey, Bromeliaceae, Bryophyte, Building material, Bulb, ... Expand index (349 more) »
- Kingdoms (biology)
Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches.
See Plant and Adaptive radiation
Advanced Science
Advanced Science is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering fundamental and applied research in materials science, physics and chemistry, medical and life sciences, as well as engineering.
See Plant and Advanced Science
Aerobic organism
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
See Plant and Aerobic organism
Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
See Plant and Agricultural Research Service
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation.
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
See Plant and Algae
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.
See Plant and Allergic rhinitis
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis or heterogenesis) is the predominant type of life cycle in plants and algae.
See Plant and Alternation of generations
Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin.
See Plant and Amber
American Journal of Botany
The American Journal of Botany is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of plant biology.
See Plant and American Journal of Botany
Anemophily
Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind.
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. Plant and Animal are kingdoms (biology).
See Plant and Animal
Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.
See Plant and Animal husbandry
Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.
See Plant and Ant
Antarctic flora
Antarctic flora are a distinct community of vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana.
Antifreeze protein
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water.
See Plant and Antifreeze protein
Aquatic plant
Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa.
See Plant and Arabidopsis thaliana
Araucaria mirabilis
Araucaria mirabilis is an extinct species of coniferous tree from Patagonia, Argentina.
See Plant and Araucaria mirabilis
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Archaeopteris
Archaeopteris is an extinct genus of progymnosperm tree with fern-like leaves.
Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato "in a broad sense"; pronounced) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes.
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Aristotle's biology
Aristotle's biology is the theory of biology, grounded in systematic observation and collection of data, mainly zoological, embodied in Aristotle's books on the science.
See Plant and Aristotle's biology
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
See Plant and Asexual reproduction
Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Autotroph
An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
See Plant and Barbara McClintock
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Plant and BBC
Bean
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food.
See Plant and Bean
Biofuel
Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil.
Biological dispersal
Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site to their breeding site ('natal dispersal'), as well as the movement from one breeding site to another ('breeding dispersal').
See Plant and Biological dispersal
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
Biomass (ecology)
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
See Plant and Biomass (ecology)
Biome
A biome is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life.
See Plant and Biome
BioScience
BioScience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.
BioSystems
BioSystems is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental, computational, and theoretical research that links biology, evolution, and the information processing sciences.
Bloomsbury Publishing
Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.
See Plant and Bloomsbury Publishing
Bonsai
Bonsai (tray planting) is the Japanese art of growing and shaping miniature trees in containers, developed from the traditional Chinese art form of penjing (盆景).
See Plant and Bonsai
Botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
See Plant and Botany
British Geological Survey
The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.
See Plant and British Geological Survey
Bromeliaceae
The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, Pitcairnia feliciana.
Bryophyte
Bryophytes are a group of land plants, sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
Building material
Building material is material used for construction.
See Plant and Building material
Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy.
See Plant and Bulb
Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Plant and Cambridge University Press
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
Carbon dioxide removal
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a process in which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities and durably stored in geological, terrestrial, or ocean reservoirs, or in products.
See Plant and Carbon dioxide removal
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma.
Cardboard
Cardboard is a generic term for heavy paper-based products.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Carnivorous plant
Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods, and occasionally small mammals and birds.
See Plant and Carnivorous plant
Cash crop
A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.
Cassava
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
Cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane.
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See Plant and Cellular differentiation
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
Cereal
A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain.
See Plant and Cereal
Chara (alga)
Chara is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae.
Charales
Charales is an order of freshwater green algae in the division Charophyta, class Charophyceae, commonly known as stoneworts.
Charophyta
Charophyta is a group of freshwater green algae, called charophytes, sometimes treated as a division, yet also as a superdivision or an unranked clade.
Chert
Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
See Plant and Chert
Chlorokybus
Chlorokybus is a multicellular (sarcinoid) genus of basal green algae or charophyte.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light, and it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Chlorophyll does not reflect light but chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light is diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls.
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b is a form of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll b helps in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. It is more soluble than chlorophyll ''a'' in polar solvents because of its carbonyl group. Its color is green, and it primarily absorbs blue light. In land plants, the light-harvesting antennae around photosystem II contain the majority of chlorophyll b.
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes.
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
Chocolate
Chocolate or cocoa is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods.
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
See Plant and Clade
Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means.
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.
See Plant and Coal
Coffee
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans.
See Plant and Coffee
Colchicine
Colchicine is a medication used to prevent and treat gout, to treat familial Mediterranean fever and Behçet's disease, and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.
Coleochaetophyceae
Coleochaetophyceae is a class of charophyte algae related to land plants (only Zygnematophyceae is closer).
See Plant and Coleochaetophyceae
Confronted animals
Confronted animals, or confronted-animal as an adjective, where two animals face each other in a symmetrical pose, is an ancient bilateral motif in art and artifacts studied in archaeology and art history.
See Plant and Confronted animals
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
Cork (material)
Cork is an impermeable buoyant material.
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
See Plant and Cotton
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
Crop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons.
Current Biology
Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Cutting (plant)
A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation.
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
Cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves.
See Plant and Cycad
Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.
Darwin from Insectivorous Plants to Worms
Between 1873 and 1882, the life and work of Charles Darwin from Insectivorous Plants to Worms continued with investigations into carnivorous and climbing plants that had begun with his previous work.
See Plant and Darwin from Insectivorous Plants to Worms
De materia medica
De materia medica (Latin name for the Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς,, both meaning "On Medical Material") is a pharmacopoeia of medicinal plants and the medicines that can be obtained from them.
See Plant and De materia medica
Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in a tree.
See Plant and Dendrochronology
Desmidiales
Desmidiales, commonly called the desmids (Gr. desmos, bond or chain), are an order in the Charophyta, a division of green algae in which the land plants (Embryophyta) emerged.
Determination (biology)
In biology, determination is the process of matching a specimen of an organism to a known taxon, for example identifying a plant.
See Plant and Determination (biology)
Developmental Biology (journal)
Developmental Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
See Plant and Developmental Biology (journal)
Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma.
Digitalis
Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennial plants, shrubs, and biennials, commonly called foxgloves.
Dioecy
Dioecy (adj. dioecious) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants).
See Plant and Dioecy
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG.
See Plant and DNA damage (naturally occurring)
Domestication
Domestication is a multi-generational mutualistic relationship in which an animal species, such as humans or leafcutter ants, takes over control and care of another species, such as sheep or fungi, to obtain from them a steady supply of resources, such as meat, milk, or labor.
Drosera
Drosera, which is commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family.
Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists.
See Plant and Ecological Society of America
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time.
See Plant and Ecological succession
Ecology (journal)
Ecology is a scientific journal that publishes research and synthesizes papers in the field of ecology.
See Plant and Ecology (journal)
Ecology Letters
Ecology Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley and the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Elsevier
Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.
Embryophyte
The embryophytes are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta or land plants. Plant and embryophyte are plants.
Endophyte
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.
Entomophily
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Plant and Entomophily are plants.
Epichloë coenophiala
Epichloë coenophiala is a systemic and seed-transmissible endophyte of tall fescue, a grass endemic to Eurasia and North Africa, but widely naturalized in North America, Australia and New Zealand.
See Plant and Epichloë coenophiala
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, also known as the horsetail family, is a family of ferns and the only surviving family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, Equisetum, comprising about twenty species.
Essential oil
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants.
Ethnobotany
Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.
Eucalyptus regnans
Eucalyptus regnans, known variously as mountain ash (in Victoria), giant ash or swamp gum (in Tasmania), or stringy gum, is a species of very tall forest tree that is native to the Australia states of Tasmania and Victoria.
See Plant and Eucalyptus regnans
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Evolution (journal)
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, is a monthly scientific journal that publishes significant new results of empirical or theoretical investigations concerning facts, processes, mechanics, or concepts of evolutionary phenomena and events.
See Plant and Evolution (journal)
Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
See Plant and Fern
Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.
Field Museum of Natural History
The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world.
See Plant and Field Museum of Natural History
Firewood
Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel.
Flax
Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae.
See Plant and Flax
Floridean starch
Floridean starch is a type of a storage glucan found in glaucophytes and in red algae (or rhodophytes), in which it is usually the primary sink for fixed carbon from photosynthesis.
See Plant and Floridean starch
Flower
A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).
See Plant and Flower
Flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms. Plant and Flowering plant are plants.
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
See Plant and Food
Food web
A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.
Foodscaping
Foodscaping is a modern term for the practice of integrating edible plants into ornamental landscapes.
Forest
A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees.
See Plant and Forest
Forestry
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental benefits.
Fossil fuel
A fossil fuel is a carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons), a process that occurs within geological formations.
Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering (see Fruit anatomy).
See Plant and Fruit
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. Plant and fungus are kingdoms (biology).
See Plant and Fungus
Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
See Plant and Gamete
Gametophyte
A gametophyte is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae.
Garden tourism
Garden tourism is a type of niche tourism involving visits to famous gardens and botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening.
Gemma (botany)
A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual.
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
See Plant and Gene
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Plant and Genome
Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.
See Plant and Geologic time scale
Geological Magazine
The Geological Magazine is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1864, covering the earth sciences.
See Plant and Geological Magazine
Geum urbanum
Geum urbanum, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort and St.
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo or gingko, also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of gymnosperm tree native to East Asia.
Ginkgoales
Ginkgoales are a gymnosperm order containing only one extant species: Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree.
Glaucophyte
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of unicellular algae found in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic.
Gnetophyta
Gnetophyta is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of some 70 species across the three relict genera: Gnetum (family Gnetaceae), Welwitschia (family Welwitschiaceae), and Ephedra (family Ephedraceae).
Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption.
See Plant and Grain
Grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae).
Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
Greenhouse
A greenhouse is a special structure that is designed to regulate the temperature and humidity of the environment inside.
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel OSA (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was an Austrian-Czech biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno (Brünn), Margraviate of Moravia.
Gum (botany)
Gum is a sap or other resinous material associated with certain species of the plant kingdom.
Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae.
Gynoecium
Gynoecium (gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.
Hanami
is the Japanese traditional custom of enjoying the transient beauty of flowers; in this case almost always refer to those of the or, less frequently, trees.
See Plant and Hanami
Hardiness (plants)
Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions.
See Plant and Hardiness (plants)
Heat shock protein
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.
See Plant and Heat shock protein
Hemiepiphyte
A hemiepiphyte is a plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte.
Herbal medicine
Herbal medicine (also called herbalism, phytomedicine or phytotherapy) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional medicine.
Herbert Copeland
Herbert Faulkner Copeland (May 21, 1902 – October 15, 1968) was an American biologist who contributed to the theory of biological kingdoms.
See Plant and Herbert Copeland
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
History of agriculture
Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa.
See Plant and History of agriculture
History of botany
The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.
See Plant and History of botany
History of Earth
The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day.
See Plant and History of Earth
Hornwort
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta.
Horticulture
Horticulture is the art and science of growing plants.
Houseplant
A houseplant, sometimes known as a pot plant, potted plant, or an indoor plant, is an ornamental plant that is grown indoors.
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
Human uses of plants
Human uses of plants include both practical uses, such as for food, clothing, and medicine, and symbolic uses, such as in art, mythology and literature.
See Plant and Human uses of plants
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae.
Hypericum perforatum
Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St John's wort (sometimes perforate St John's wort or common St John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.
See Plant and Hypericum perforatum
Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia (hypo: "below", oxia: "oxygenated") refers to low oxygen conditions.
See Plant and Hypoxia (environmental)
Ikebana
is the Japanese art of flower arrangement.
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".
See Plant and International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is a guide to the rules and regulations for naming cultigens, plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity.
See Plant and International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
International Journal of Plant Sciences
The International Journal of Plant Sciences covers botanical research including genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, morphology and structure, systematics, plant-microbe interactions, paleobotany, evolution, and ecology.
See Plant and International Journal of Plant Sciences
Invasive species
An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.
See Plant and Invasive species
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species.
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of eukaryotic microbiology.
See Plant and Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.
Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens is a botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botanical and mycological collections in the world".
Kingdom (biology)
In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Plant and kingdom (biology) are kingdoms (biology).
See Plant and Kingdom (biology)
Klebsormidiales
Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae.
Language of flowers
Floriography (language of flowers) is a means of cryptological communication through the use or arrangement of flowers.
See Plant and Language of flowers
Latex
Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water.
See Plant and Latex
Lathraea
Lathraea (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia.
Leaf
A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis.
See Plant and Leaf
Legume
Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants.
See Plant and Legume
Light
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.
See Plant and Light
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
See Plant and Lipid
List of fictional plants
This list of fictional plants describes invented plants that appear in works of fiction.
See Plant and List of fictional plants
List of plants used in herbalism
This is an alphabetical list of plants used in herbalism.
See Plant and List of plants used in herbalism
List of poisonous plants
Plants that produce toxins and/or cause irritation on contact are referred to as poisonous plants.
See Plant and List of poisonous plants
List of systems of plant taxonomy
This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification.
See Plant and List of systems of plant taxonomy
Lolium arundinaceum
Lolium arundinaceum, tall fescue is a cool-season perennial C3 species of grass that is native to Europe.
See Plant and Lolium arundinaceum
Lycophyte
The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a group of vascular plants that include the clubmosses.
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopods or lycophytes.
Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary biologist, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution.
Marchantiophyta
The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts.
Medicinal plants
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.
See Plant and Medicinal plants
Megaflora
Megaflora (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and Neo-Latin flora "plant life") refers to an exceptionally large plant species.
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson.
See Plant and Mendelian inheritance
Mesostigmatophyceae
The Mesostigmatophyceae are a class of basal green algae found in freshwater.
See Plant and Mesostigmatophyceae
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City.
See Plant and Metropolitan Museum of Art
Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica (also called sensitive plant, sleepy plant, action plant, humble plant, touch-me-not, touch-and-die, or shameplant) is a creeping annual or perennial flowering plant of the pea/legume family Fabaceae.
Mistletoe
Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales.
Model organism
A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
Molecular Cell
Molecular Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on cell biology at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new mechanistic insights.
Monoecy
Monoecy (adj. monoecious) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant.
Monographs in Systematic Botany
Monographs in Systematic Botany also known as Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden is a series of monographs relating to the study of systematic botany.
See Plant and Monographs in Systematic Botany
Morphine
Morphine, formerly also called morphia, is an opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum).
Moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.
See Plant and Moss
Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
See Plant and Multicellular organism
Musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds.
See Plant and Musical instrument
Mutation Research (journal)
Mutation Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research papers in the area of mutation research which focus on fundamental mechanisms underlying the phenotypic and genotypic expression of genetic damage.
See Plant and Mutation Research (journal)
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.
See Plant and Mutualism (biology)
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
Myrmecophyte
Myrmecophytes (literally "ant-plant") are plants that live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants.
Narcotic
The term narcotic (from ancient Greek ναρκῶ narkō, "I make numb") originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with numbing or paralyzing properties.
National Cherry Blossom Festival
The National Cherry Blossom Festival is a spring celebration in Washington, D.C., commemorating the March 27, 1912, gift of Japanese cherry trees from Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo City to the city of Washington, D.C. Ozaki gave the trees to enhance the growing friendship between the United States and Japan and also celebrate the continued close relationship between the two nations.
See Plant and National Cherry Blossom Festival
National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.
See Plant and National Geographic Society
National park
A national park is a nature park designated for conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance.
Native American religions
Native American religions are the spiritual practices of the Native Americans in the United States.
See Plant and Native American religions
Natural dye
Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals.
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Plant and Natural environment
Natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Plant and Nature (journal)
Nature Plants
Nature Plants is a monthly peer-reviewed online-only scientific journal covering all aspects of plants and plant biology.
Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection.
See Plant and Nectar
New Phytologist
New Phytologist is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published on behalf of the New Phytologist Foundation by Wiley-Blackwell.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
Orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae, a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
See Plant and Orchid
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
Organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.
See Plant and Organic compound
Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds.
See Plant and Organic synthesis
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Organisms Diversity & Evolution
Organisms Diversity & Evolution is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering various aspects of biodiversity and evolution of organisms.
See Plant and Organisms Diversity & Evolution
Ornamental plant
Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space.
See Plant and Ornamental plant
Ornithophily
Ornithophily or bird pollination is the pollination of flowering plants by birds.
Orobanche
Orobanche, commonly known as broomrape, is a genus of almost 200 species of small parasitic herbaceous plants, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
Ovary (botany)
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium.
Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.
See Plant and Ovule
Oxford Bibliographies Online
Oxford Bibliographies Online (OBO), also known as Oxford Bibliographies, is a web-based compendium of peer-reviewed annotated bibliographies and short encyclopedia entries maintained by Oxford University Press.
See Plant and Oxford Bibliographies Online
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Plant and Oxford University Press
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
See Plant and Oxygen
Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
Palaeogeography
Palaeogeography (or paleogeography) is the study of historical geography, generally physical landscapes.
Paleobotany
Paleobotany, also spelled as palaeobotany, is the branch of botany dealing with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts, and their use for the biological reconstruction of past environments (paleogeography), and the evolutionary history of plants, with a bearing upon the evolution of life in general.
Paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatology (British spelling, palaeoclimatology) is the scientific study of climates predating the invention of meteorological instruments, when no direct measurement data were available.
See Plant and Paleoclimatology
Palm oil
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of oil palms.
Paper
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.
See Plant and Paper
Paraphyly
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.
Parasitic plant
A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirements from another living plant.
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.
Pea
Pea (pisum in Latin) is a pulse, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species.
See Plant and Pea
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.
See Plant and Peat
Pedanius Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides (Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης,; 40–90 AD), "the father of pharmacognosy", was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author of (On Medical Material), a 5-volume Greek encyclopedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substances (a pharmacopeia), that was widely read for more than 1,500 years.
See Plant and Pedanius Dioscorides
Perennial
In botany, a perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Approximately 251.9 million years ago, the Permian–Triassic (P–T, P–Tr) extinction event (PTME; also known as the Late Permian extinction event, the Latest Permian extinction event, the End-Permian extinction event, and colloquially as the Great Dying) forms the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, and with them the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
See Plant and Permian–Triassic extinction event
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Pharmacopoeia
A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea (from the obsolete typography pharmacopœia, meaning "drug-making"), in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines, and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society.
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
Phloem
Phloem is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant.
See Plant and Phloem
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Plant and Phylogenetic tree
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
See Plant and Phylum
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems.
Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants.
See Plant and Phytoremediation
Phytotelma
Phytotelma (plural phytotelmata) is a small water-filled cavity in a terrestrial plant.
Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
Picozoa
Picozoa, Picobiliphyta, Picobiliphytes, or Biliphytes are protists of a phylum of marine unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with a size of less than about 3 micrometers.
Plant defense against herbivory
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
See Plant and Plant defense against herbivory
Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
Plant perception (physiology)
Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology.
See Plant and Plant perception (physiology)
Plant reproductive morphology
Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.
See Plant and Plant reproductive morphology
Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.
Plastid
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
See Plant and Ploidy
PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
Poison ivy
Poison ivy is a type of allergenic plant in the genus Toxicodendron native to Asia and North America.
Pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
See Plant and Pollen
Pollen basket
The pollen basket or corbicula (plural corbiculae) is part of the tibia on the hind legs of the female of certain species of bees.
Pollination syndrome
Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection.
See Plant and Pollination syndrome
Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower.
Pollinator-mediated selection is an evolutionary process occurring in flowering plants, in which the foraging behavior of pollinators differentially selects for certain floral traits.
See Plant and Pollinator-mediated selection
Population
Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area.
Potato
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world.
See Plant and Potato
Prasinococcus
Prasinococcus is a monotypic genus of green algae, containing the only species Prasinococcus capsulatus, in the monotypic family Prasinococcaceae.
Precambrian
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.
Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall was a major American educational publisher.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Plant and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proto-Indo-European mythology
Proto-Indo-European mythology is the body of myths and deities associated with the Proto-Indo-Europeans, speakers of the hypothesized Proto-Indo-European language.
See Plant and Proto-Indo-European mythology
Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces by means of spores. Plant and pteridophyte are plants.
Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically or mechanically producing cellulosic fibers from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags.
Quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis.
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.
Ramie
Ramie (pronounced:,; from Malay), Boehmeria nivea, is a flowering plant in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia.
See Plant and Ramie
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose and commercialised in some countries as sabra silk or cactus silk, is a semi-synthetic fiber, made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products.
See Plant and Rayon
Red algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
Reserpine
Reserpine is a drug that is used for the treatment of high blood pressure, usually in combination with a thiazide diuretic or vasodilator.
Resin
In polymer chemistry and materials science, a resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers.
See Plant and Resin
Resurrection plant
A resurrection plant is any poikilohydric plant that can survive extreme dehydration, even over months or years.
See Plant and Resurrection plant
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of palaeobotany and palynology established in 1967.
See Plant and Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
Rhizobium
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.
Rhynia
Rhynia is a single-species genus of Devonian vascular plants.
See Plant and Rhynia
Rhynie chert
The Rhynie chert is a Lower Devonian sedimentary deposit exhibiting extraordinary fossil detail or completeness (a Lagerstätte).
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
See Plant and Rice
Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster.
See Plant and Root
Root nodule
Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Sacred tree
A sacred tree or holy tree is a tree which is considered to be sacred, or worthy of spiritual respect or reverence.
Sagaria
Sagaria is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae (the buttercup family) which existed in southern Italy during the Albian age.
Savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Plant and Science (journal)
Seed
In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and food reserve enclosed in a protective outer covering called a seed coat (testa).
See Plant and Seed
Seed dispersal
In spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.
Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte, also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds. Plant and seed plant are plants.
Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirensSunset Western Garden Book, 1995: 606–607 is the sole living species of the genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae).
See Plant and Sequoia sempervirens
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya.
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.
See Plant and Smithsonian Institution
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Spirotaenia
Spirotaenia is a genus of basal unicellular green algae that may be sister to the Chlorokybophyceae.
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
See Plant and Spore
Sporophyte
A sporophyte is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores.
Springer Nature
Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education.
Staple food
A staple food, food staple, or simply staple, is a food that is eaten often and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for an individual or a population group, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.
Stolon
In biology, stolons (from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as runners, are horizontal connections between parts of an organism.
See Plant and Stolon
Strangler fig
Strangler fig is the common name for a number of tropical and subtropical plant species in the genus Ficus, including those that are commonly known as banyans.
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
See Plant and Sugar
Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
Tanacetum parthenium
Tanacetum parthenium, known as feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae.
See Plant and Tanacetum parthenium
Tannin
Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids.
See Plant and Tannin
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
See Plant and Taxon
Taxon (journal)
Taxon is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering plant taxonomy.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization.
Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and northern Myanmar.
See Plant and Tea
Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.
Terpenoid
The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc.
Terrarium
A terrarium (terraria or terrariums) is usually a sealable glass container containing soil and plants that can be opened for maintenance to access the plants inside; however, terraria can also be open to the atmosphere.
Texas A&M University Press
Texas A&M University Press (also known informally as TAMU Press) is a scholarly publishing house associated with Texas A&M University.
See Plant and Texas A&M University Press
Thallus
Thallus (thalli), from Latinized Greek, meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria.
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.
See Plant and The Daily Telegraph
The Plant Genome
The Plant Genome is a triannual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of plant genomics.
See Plant and The Plant Genome
Theophrastus
Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος||godly phrased) was a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.
Thread (yarn)
A thread is a long strand of material, often composed of several filaments or fibres, used for joining, creating or decorating textiles.
Transcriptome
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells.
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves.
See Plant and Tree
Tree of life
The tree of life is a fundamental archetype in many of the world's mythological, religious, and philosophical traditions.
Trees in mythology
Trees are significant in many of the world's mythologies, and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages.
See Plant and Trees in mythology
Trends (journals)
Trends is a series of 16 review journals in a range of areas of biology and chemistry published under its Cell Press imprint by Elsevier.
See Plant and Trends (journals)
Triassic
The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.
Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are dense and warm rainforests with high rainfall typically found between 10° north and south of the Equator.
See Plant and Tropical rainforest
Tuber
Tubers are a type of enlarged structure that plants use as storage organs for nutrients, derived from stems or roots.
See Plant and Tuber
Tulip mania
Tulip mania (tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels.
Turgor pressure
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.
Tuttle Publishing
Tuttle Publishing, originally the Charles E. Tuttle Company, is a book publishing company that includes Tuttle, Periplus Editions, and Journey Editions.
See Plant and Tuttle Publishing
Underworld
The underworld, also known as the netherworld or hell, is the supernatural world of the dead in various religious traditions and myths, located below the world of the living.
Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
See Plant and Unicellular organism
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Plant and University of Chicago Press
University of Florida
The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida.
See Plant and University of Florida
University of Galway
The University of Galway (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland.
See Plant and University of Galway
Utricularia gibba
Utricularia gibba, commonly known as the humped bladderwort or floating bladderwort, is a small, mat-forming species of carnivorous aquatic bladderwort.
See Plant and Utricularia gibba
Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
Vascular plant
Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes or collectively tracheophyta, form a large group of land plants (accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. Plant and Vascular plant are plants.
Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants.
Vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food.
Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants.
Venus flytrap
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a carnivorous plant native to the temperate and subtropical wetlands of North Carolina and South Carolina, on the East Coast of the United States.
Vincristine
Vincristine, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer among others.
Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") constitute a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprises approximately 450,000–500,000 species that play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Vitamin
Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic function.
W. H. Freeman and Company
W.
See Plant and W. H. Freeman and Company
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Plant and Water
Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
See Plant and Wax
Weed
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, growing where it conflicts with human preferences, needs, or goals.
See Plant and Weed
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
See Plant and Wheat
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
Wood
Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
See Plant and Wood
World Environment Day
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on 5 June and encourages awareness and action for the protection of the environment.
See Plant and World Environment Day
World Flora Online
World Flora Online is an Internet-based compendium of the world's plant species.
See Plant and World Flora Online
World tree
The world tree is a motif present in several religions and mythologies, particularly Indo-European, Siberian, and Native American religions.
Writing material
A writing material is a surface that can be written on with suitable instruments, or used for symbolic or representational drawings.
See Plant and Writing material
Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem.
See Plant and Xylem
Zygnematophyceae
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the paraphylum streptophyte algae, also referred to as Charophyta, consisting of more than 4000 described species.
See Plant and Zygnematophyceae
See also
Kingdoms (biology)
- Animal
- Animals
- Archezoa
- Chromista
- Fungi
- Fungus
- Kingdom (biology)
- Orthornavirae
- Plant
- Plants
- Proteoarchaeota
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant
Also known as Antigens, plant, External factors plant, Kinds of Plants, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Vegetable, Mazonipterus, Metaphyta, Phyta, Phyto, Plant (biology), Plant (botanical), Plant diversity, Plant kingdom, Plant life, Plant production, Plant-life, Plantae, Plantes, Plants, Platn, Simple plants, Vegetabilia, Vegetable kingdom.
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