Ottoman Empire & Russian Empire - Unionpedia, the concept map

Shortcuts: Differences, Similarities, Jaccard Similarity Coefficient, References.

Difference between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire

Ottoman Empire vs. Russian Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries. While the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged. Beginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 led by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which established the Second Constitutional Era and introduced competitive multi-party elections under a constitutional monarchy. However, following the disastrous Balkan Wars, the CUP became increasingly radicalized and nationalistic, leading a coup d'état in 1913 that established a one-party regime. The CUP allied with the Germany Empire hoping to escape from the diplomatic isolation that had contributed to its recent territorial losses; it thus joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. While the empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it struggled with internal dissent, especially the Arab Revolt. During this period, the Ottoman government engaged in genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks. In the aftermath of World War I, the victorious Allied Powers occupied and partitioned the Ottoman Empire, which lost its southern territories to the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the occupying Allies, led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy in 1922, formally ending the Ottoman Empire. The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

Absolute monarchy and Ottoman Empire · Absolute monarchy and Russian Empire · See more »

Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

Aftermath of World War I and Ottoman Empire · Aftermath of World War I and Russian Empire · See more »

Allies of World War I

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

Allies of World War I and Ottoman Empire · Allies of World War I and Russian Empire · See more »

Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

Anatolia and Ottoman Empire · Anatolia and Russian Empire · See more »

Armenian Apostolic Church

The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.

Armenian Apostolic Church and Ottoman Empire · Armenian Apostolic Church and Russian Empire · See more »

Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

Armenians and Ottoman Empire · Armenians and Russian Empire · See more »

Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars were a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913.

Balkan Wars and Ottoman Empire · Balkan Wars and Russian Empire · See more »

Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

Central Asia and Ottoman Empire · Central Asia and Russian Empire · See more »

Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

Constantinople and Ottoman Empire · Constantinople and Russian Empire · See more »

Constitutional monarchy

Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.

Constitutional monarchy and Ottoman Empire · Constitutional monarchy and Russian Empire · See more »

Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

Eastern Orthodox Church and Ottoman Empire · Eastern Orthodox Church and Russian Empire · See more »

Eastern question

In diplomatic history, the Eastern question was the issue of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries and the subsequent strategic competition and political considerations of the European great powers in light of this.

Eastern question and Ottoman Empire · Eastern question and Russian Empire · See more »

Empire

An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries".

Empire and Ottoman Empire · Empire and Russian Empire · See more »

Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (. Collins English Dictionary Galicja,; translit,; Galitsye) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Galicia (Eastern Europe) and Ottoman Empire · Galicia (Eastern Europe) and Russian Empire · See more »

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

German Empire and Ottoman Empire · German Empire and Russian Empire · See more »

German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also an official language of Luxembourg and Belgium, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There further exist notable German-speaking communities in France (Alsace), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Košice Region, Spiš, and Hauerland), Denmark (North Schleswig), Romania and Hungary (Sopron). It is most closely related to other West Germanic languages, namely Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, and Scots. It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group, such as Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Modern German gradually developed from the Old High German which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during the Early Middle Ages. German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic and West Germanic language after English, both as a first and a second language. Today, German is one of the major languages of the world. It is the most spoken native language within the European Union. German is also widely taught as a foreign language, especially in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after English and French), and in the United States. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the second-most commonly used scientific language and among the most widely used languages on websites. The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books) in the world being published in German. German is an inflected language, with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs. The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, while a smaller share is partly derived from Latin and Greek, along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern English. English, however, is the main source of more recent loan words. German is a pluricentric language; the three standardized variants are German, Austrian, and Swiss Standard German. Standard German is sometimes called High German, which refers to its regional origin. German is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and protected by regional or national governments. Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year, and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body regulating German orthography.

German language and Ottoman Empire · German language and Russian Empire · See more »

Google Books

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.

Google Books and Ottoman Empire · Google Books and Russian Empire · See more »

Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

Habsburg monarchy and Ottoman Empire · Habsburg monarchy and Russian Empire · See more »

International Studies Quarterly

International Studies Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of international studies and an official journal of the International Studies Association.

International Studies Quarterly and Ottoman Empire · International Studies Quarterly and Russian Empire · See more »

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

Mongol Empire and Ottoman Empire · Mongol Empire and Russian Empire · See more »

Ottoman Navy

The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması) or The Imperial Navy (Donanma-yı Humâyûn.), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire and Ottoman Navy · Ottoman Navy and Russian Empire · See more »

Safavid Iran

Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire,, officially known as the Guarded Domains of Iran, was one of the largest and long-standing Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty.

Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran · Russian Empire and Safavid Iran · See more »

Samarkand

Samarkand or Samarqand (Uzbek and Tajik: Самарқанд / Samarqand) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.

Ottoman Empire and Samarkand · Russian Empire and Samarkand · See more »

Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

Ottoman Empire and Slavery · Russian Empire and Slavery · See more »

State religion

A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.

Ottoman Empire and State religion · Russian Empire and State religion · See more »

Unitary state

A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.

Ottoman Empire and Unitary state · Russian Empire and Unitary state · See more »

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

Ottoman Empire and World War I · Russian Empire and World War I · See more »